Composite CVD graphite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention discloses a composite CVD graphite material, a preparation method and application thereof, which are used for enhancing the surfaces of prefabricated bodies such as boats, crucibles, furnace tubes and the like used in a high-temperature furnace and endowing products with high-temperature oxidation resistance, anti-sticking performance and the like.
Background
In the production of cemented carbide, tungsten carbide is the most predominant component of cemented carbide and is a compound formed by the carbonization process of tungsten. The industrial production method of the tungsten carbide comprises the following steps: mixing tungsten powder and carbon powder, and heating to a certain temperature in a graphite tubular furnace or an induction furnace for chemical combination reaction; crushing and dispersing the obtained massive tungsten carbide powder blank to obtain tungsten carbide powder, sieving the tungsten carbide powder by using a rotary vibrating sieve, separating uncrushed and dispersed tungsten carbide powder agglomerated particles and coarse particles, and packaging the sieved and separated tungsten carbide powder to obtain a tungsten carbide powder product. The carbon content has important influence on the magnetic saturation and metallographic structure defect of the hard alloy, so the detection of total carbon and free carbon in the tungsten carbide is an important quality control point. Free carbon is the remaining carbon that is not combined, and total carbon is the total of combined carbon and free carbon. In the carbonization stage of tungsten, under a certain carbon proportion, the more complete carbonization is, the higher the content of compound carbon is, and the lower the content of free carbon is.
The graphite material has excellent high temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance, and the boat for loading tungsten powder and carbon powder to carry out carbonization reaction in the carbonization furnace is made of the graphite material. Because the carbonization temperature is 1400-2800 ℃, the graphite boat works in a high-temperature state for a long time, and the boat is in direct contact with materials, graphite particles on the graphite boat are bonded to the surface of a product, so that the problems of boat sticking, carburization and the like are caused; carbon falling off from the graphite boat participates in carbonization reaction of tungsten powder, and carbon content of the tungsten carbide powder exceeds standard, so that the quality of products is not controlled.
In order to reduce the problems of oxidation, decarburization and the like of the surface layer of the graphite boat in the carbonization process, the patent application number is 201320765035.5, and a piece of disposable carbon paper is paved on the graphite boat, so that the method prevents materials from being in direct contact with the graphite boat, but graphite ions still adhere to the surface of a product, so that the surface of the product is dirty, operators are required to scrape off ash of the carbon paper and the dirty part of the surface of the product during discharging, further, the waste of the materials is caused, the operation efficiency is reduced, and the production cost is increased; if the scraping is not thorough, graphite particles are mixed into the product, and the quality of the product is affected; the application number is 202020143799.0, and the special sector mold for the boat pressing machine is provided, the W+C material block formed by the special sector mold is tightly tamped, the side wall of the material block cylinder is not contacted with the graphite boat, and graphite particles formed in the carbonization process can be reduced. However, the bottom of the block is still in contact with the graphite boat, and the method cannot completely avoid the problems of oxidation, decarburization and adverse control of the quality of tungsten carbide of the graphite boat.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of oxidation, decarburization, material adhesion and the like of a graphite boat, a graphite furnace tube and the like in a high-temperature industrial environment, the invention provides a composite CVD graphite material, a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a composite CVD graphite material comprises the following steps:
s1, blowing the surface of a graphite preform by inert gas to remove surface dust; soaking the graphite preform in an organic matter solution, draining, and then putting the graphite preform into a high-temperature kiln at 300-1500 ℃ to graphitize the organic matter; the generated graphite fills the capillary pore diameter in the interior, and inert gas is adopted for protection in the graphitization process of the kiln;
s2, placing the prefabricated body subjected to graphitization treatment in the step S1 into a chemical vapor deposition furnace, and vacuumizing the furnace until the pressure of a deposition chamber is 50-1000 Pa;
and S3, depositing pyrolytic carbon on the surface of the preform by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method to obtain the product of the composite CVD graphite material.
Among them, the chemical vapor deposition technique is a process of generating chemical reactions and transport reactions on solids using gaseous substances and generating solid deposits, and has been widely used for purifying substances, developing new crystals, and depositing various single-crystal, polycrystalline, or glassy inorganic thin film materials. However, no report on surface modification and strengthening of the graphite preform by chemical vapor deposition of pyrolytic carbon is currently available.
The chemical vapor deposition method uses methane and propylene gas as carbon sources, and the deposition temperature is 600-1500 ℃; the deposition time is 70-100 h.
Argon is used as diluent gas and hydrogen is used as carrier gas in the chemical vapor deposition method.
The graphite preform is machined or molded, and the maximum size of the graphite preform is not more than 1.5 m.
The organic matter solution is a saccharide solution, and the organic matter solution is at least one of a glucose solution, a sucrose solution and a maltose solution.
The composite CVD graphite material is obtained according to the preparation method of the composite CVD graphite material.
According to the preparation method of the composite CVD graphite material, a boat or a sagger or a heating furnace tube is prepared, wherein the boat is used for a hard alloy carbonization link and has the functions of high-temperature oxidation resistance and adhesion resistance; the sagger is used for the sagger in the production of lithium battery cathode materials, can prolong the service life of products by more than 2 times, and is a main stream product for industry upgrading; the heating furnace tube is used as a heating body of a high-temperature furnace, and has the specific high-temperature oxidation resistance function.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, a chemical vapor deposition process is adopted, carbon atoms are stripped through a heat flow field design to obtain pyrolytic carbon, and the pyrolytic carbon is deposited on a graphite prefabricated member in an atomized form to form a composite material product with a compact surface structure, high-temperature oxidation resistance and adhesion resistance.
Compared with a pure graphite boat, the CVD composite boat has compact surface structure, high purity and good stability, can greatly improve the problem of boat sticking, does not decarbonize, can realize the standardization of carbon consumption and quality control in the production of tungsten carbide, is a new product applied to the field of hard alloy powder preparation, and represents the great trend of industry development; the method can help users to greatly reduce the defective material and create better economic benefit; the service life of the composite boat is longer; the degree of sticking the material to the boat is obviously reduced, the unloading is easy, the labor intensity of workers is lightened, or the faults of intelligent equipment boat unloading systems are reduced.
The CVD composite sagger has better strength, hardness, wear resistance and oxidation resistance than the common graphite sagger and good heat conductivity. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional product, the service life of the product can be prolonged by more than 80%, and the product is a mainstream product for industry upgrading.
The CVD composite heating furnace tube is adopted, so that the service performance is comprehensively improved. Compared with the common graphite furnace tube, the strength, density, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance are obviously improved, the bearing performance is better, the service life of the furnace tube is effectively prolonged, and the comprehensive benefit is improved; the furnace tube has compact surface structure, high purity and less volatile matter in the furnace.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a composite CVD graphite material, which comprises the steps of blowing and sweeping the surface of a graphite preform by inert gas to remove surface dust; soaking the graphite preform in an organic matter solution, draining, and then putting the graphite preform into a high-temperature kiln at 300-1500 ℃ to graphitize the organic matter; the generated graphite fills the capillary pore diameter in the interior, and inert gas is adopted for protection in the graphitization process of the kiln; then placing the graphitized preform into a CVD furnace, taking natural gas or propylene as a carbon source, stripping carbon atoms to obtain pyrolytic carbon, and depositing the pyrolytic carbon on the graphite preform in an atomized form to form a composite material with a uniform structure, wherein the method improves the surface strength, compactness and chemical stability of the material; the geometric shapes of the surface of the graphite preform are a plane, a cylindrical surface, a conical surface and a curved surface, and the method can be used for processing; the size of the preform is not more than 1.5m; the preparation method of the preform can be machining or compression molding.
Example 2
And (3) machining a preform (graphite carbonization boat), such as a semicircular graphite boat, a square graphite boat, a graphite molybdenum wire boat, a graphite intermediate frequency boat and the like, after graphitizing, putting the preform into a CVD furnace, and preparing the CVD composite boat, such as a composite semicircular carbonization boat, a composite square carbonization boat, a composite molybdenum wire boat, a composite intermediate frequency carbonization boat and the like, by taking methane as a carbon source, wherein the deposition temperature is 1000 ℃, the furnace pressure is 0.01MPa, and the deposition time is 80 hours.
Table 1, comparative Table of the resulting CVD composite boats and pure graphite boats
Compared with a pure graphite boat, the CVD composite boat has compact surface structure and good stability, can greatly improve the problem of boat sticking, does not carburize or decarbonize, can realize the standardization of carbon consumption and quality control in the production of tungsten carbide, is a new product applied to the field of hard alloy powder preparation, and represents the great trend of industry development; the method can help users to greatly reduce the defective material and create better economic benefit; the service life of the composite boat is longer; the degree of sticking the material to the boat is obviously reduced, the unloading is easy, the labor intensity of workers is lightened, or the faults of intelligent equipment boat unloading system are reduced, and the high-temperature antioxidation and anti-sticking effects are obvious.
Example 3
And (3) carrying out graphitization treatment on the machined preform (pure graphite sagger), putting the preform into a CVD furnace, taking propylene as a carbon source, and carrying out deposition at 900 ℃ under 0.01MPa for 80 hours to obtain the CVD composite sagger.
TABLE 2 comparison Table of the resulting CVD composite sagger and high purity graphite sagger
The graphite sagger is a consumable product necessary for the production of lithium battery cathode materials, and as can be seen from table 2, the strength, hardness, wear resistance and oxidation resistance of the CVD composite sagger are superior to those of pure graphite materials, and the CVD composite sagger has good thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional product, the service life of the product can be prolonged by more than 2 times. Is a mainstream product for industry upgrading.
Example 4
And (3) after graphitizing the preform (graphite furnace tube), placing the preform into a CVD chemical vapor deposition furnace, and taking methane as a carbon source, wherein the deposition temperature is 1000 ℃, the furnace pressure is 0.01MPa, and the deposition time is 80 hours, thereby obtaining the CAD composite heating furnace tube. The furnace tube has compact surface, better thermal stability and stronger bearing capacity.
Table 3, comparative Table of the obtained CAD composite heating furnace tube and high purity graphite heating furnace tube
Compared with a common graphite furnace tube, the CVD composite heating furnace tube has the advantages that the service performance of the CVD composite heating furnace tube is comprehensively improved, the strength, the density and the oxidation corrosion resistance are obviously improved, the bearing performance is better, the service life of the furnace tube is effectively prolonged, and the comprehensive benefit is improved; the surface structure of the furnace tube is compact, and the volatile matters in the furnace are less; low resistivity and low power consumption.
The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and the patent protection scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and all equivalent structural changes made by the application of the present invention are included in the scope of the invention.