CN115652227B - Method for reducing machining deformation of irregularly-shaped aluminum alloy product - Google Patents
Method for reducing machining deformation of irregularly-shaped aluminum alloy product Download PDFInfo
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- CN115652227B CN115652227B CN202211410656.1A CN202211410656A CN115652227B CN 115652227 B CN115652227 B CN 115652227B CN 202211410656 A CN202211410656 A CN 202211410656A CN 115652227 B CN115652227 B CN 115652227B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing machining deformation of an irregularly-shaped aluminum alloy product, which comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out a small amount of machining after quenching and aging the aluminum alloy, then carrying out low-temperature or high-temperature annealing, carrying out a small amount of machining again, then measuring the dimensional accuracy, directly machining to the target size if the dimensional accuracy is reached, and repeating the low-temperature or high-temperature annealing and the small amount of machining until the dimensional accuracy is reached if the dimensional accuracy is not reached. The method solves the problem that the dimensional accuracy of the aluminum alloy product which cannot adopt a proper cold deformation method to reduce residual stress cannot be controlled in the machining stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy machining, and particularly relates to a method for reducing machining deformation of an irregularly-shaped aluminum alloy product.
Background
In the field of metal machining, metal products have more or less deformation behaviour during machining (turning, milling, grinding, etc.), which greatly influences the dimensional accuracy of the product. Such deformations generally result from clamping forces of the clamp during machining, impact forces of the tool, and residual stresses resulting from quenching, wherein the direction of the quenching residual stresses and their release direction have the uncertainty, which has the greatest impact on the machining accuracy. Generally, after the metal is quenched, cold deformation treatment (such as pre-stretching, cold compression, cold bulging and the like) is performed to reduce the residual quenching stress, so as to reduce the uncertainty deformation (including deformation amount and deformation direction) caused by the release of the residual stress in the processing process of the metal product, and achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the dimensional accuracy. In actual production, due to objective reasons such as complex shape or overlarge high-thickness ratio of the metal product, residual stress cannot be reduced by adopting a proper cold deformation method after quenching, so that the machining dimensional accuracy cannot be controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for reducing machining deformation of an irregularly shaped aluminum alloy product, which can solve the problem that the dimensional accuracy of an aluminum alloy product in the machining stage cannot be controlled because a proper cold deformation method cannot be adopted to reduce residual stress.
The invention provides a method for reducing machining deformation of an irregularly-shaped aluminum alloy product, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out a small amount of machining after quenching and aging the aluminum alloy, then carrying out low-temperature or high-temperature annealing, carrying out a small amount of machining again, then measuring the dimensional accuracy, directly machining to the target size if the dimensional accuracy is reached, and repeating the low-temperature or high-temperature annealing and the small amount of machining until the dimensional accuracy is reached if the dimensional accuracy is not reached.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy is a 2a14 aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the quenching temperature in the quenching process is 498-502 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 2-5 hours, and the quenching medium is room temperature water.
Preferably, the aging temperature in the aging process is 155-165 ℃, the aging heat preservation time is 4-15 hours, and the material is discharged from the furnace for air cooling.
Preferably, the machining allowance of the aged aluminum alloy is 15-25%.
Preferably, the machining amount of the small amount of machining is 10% or less of the total machining amount.
Preferably, the low temperature annealing temperature is 30-40 ℃ lower than the aging temperature.
Preferably, the temperature of the high temperature anneal is higher than the temperature of the aging but not higher than 225 ℃.
Preferably, the total time of the low or high temperature anneal is no more than 30 hours.
Preferably, the low-temperature annealing temperature is 100-130 ℃.
Preferably, the single low temperature or high temperature anneal is for 5 to 15 hours.
Preferably, the high temperature annealing temperature is 200-220 ℃.
After the aluminum alloy quenching and aging are completed, a small amount (less than 10% of the total machining allowance) of machining is carried out on the aluminum alloy product with enough machining allowance, so that the quenching residual stress in the aluminum alloy product is released by a certain amount, then the aluminum alloy product is subjected to low-temperature or high-temperature annealing treatment for a certain time, the residual stress is further released by a certain amount, the aluminum alloy product with the machining allowance is subjected to a small amount (less than 10% of the total machining allowance) of machining, the residual stress is released by a certain amount, the aluminum alloy product is subjected to low-temperature or high-temperature annealing treatment for a certain time again, the aluminum alloy product is subjected to reciprocating for 2-3 times, finally, whether the steps are repeated or not is determined according to the deformation degree and the dimensional precision after each machining, and finally the aluminum alloy product is machined to the target size, and the machining size with good precision is obtained. The invention solves the problem that the dimensional accuracy of the aluminum alloy product which cannot adopt a proper cold deformation method to reduce residual stress cannot be controlled in the machining stage.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a method for reducing machining deformation of an irregularly-shaped aluminum alloy product, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out a small amount of machining after quenching and aging the aluminum alloy, then carrying out low-temperature or high-temperature annealing, carrying out a small amount of machining again, then measuring the dimensional accuracy, directly machining to the target size if the dimensional accuracy is reached, and repeating the low-temperature or high-temperature annealing and the small amount of machining until the dimensional accuracy is reached if the dimensional accuracy is not reached.
In the present invention, the aluminum alloy is preferably a 2a14 aluminum alloy.
In the invention, the aluminum alloy is preferably an aluminum alloy special-shaped ring piece, and can also be an aluminum alloy high barrel piece. In the present invention, the method for producing an aluminum alloy preferably includes:
ingot preparation, forging, punching and cogging, reaming, ring rolling, quenching and aging.
In the present invention, the ingot preparation preferably includes:
and after the ingot is turned to phi 780mm by adopting phi 830mm2A14 aluminum alloy round ingot, the sawing length is 1205mm.
In the invention, the forging temperature in the forging, punching and cogging process is preferably 420-480 ℃, more preferably 430-470 ℃, and most preferably 440-460 ℃; the final forging temperature is preferably more than or equal to 400 ℃; after three upsetting and three drawing are finished in the circumferential direction, the axial direction and the radial direction, the working belt is preferably upset to the height of 650mm along the axial direction, phi 365 reversely extrudes and punches a hole, and finally an inner hole is machined to the height of phi 390mm.
In the invention, the forging temperature in the reaming process is preferably 420-480 ℃, more preferably 430-470 ℃, and most preferably 440-460 ℃; the final forging temperature is preferably more than or equal to 400 ℃; preferably, a phi 300 mandrel rod and a small horse frame are used for reaming to an outer diameter=phi 1600+/-50 mm, and a flattening height of 650mm is preferred.
In the invention, the initial rolling temperature in the ring rolling process is preferably 420-480 ℃, more preferably 430-470 ℃, and most preferably 440-460 ℃; the final rolling temperature is preferably more than or equal to 400 ℃; preferably rolled to a dimension phi 2721 x phi 2504 x 640 mm.
In the invention, the quenching temperature in the quenching process is preferably 498-502 ℃, more preferably 500 ℃; the quenching heat-preserving time is preferably 2 to 5 hours, more preferably 3 to 4 hours; the quenching medium is preferably room temperature water; the quenching transfer time is preferably not more than 15s, and the soaking time is preferably not less than 20min.
In the invention, the aging temperature in the aging process is preferably 155-165 ℃, more preferably 158-162 ℃, and most preferably 160 ℃; the aging holding time is preferably 4 to 15 hours, more preferably 6 to 12 hours, most preferably 8 to 10 hours; and finally discharging and air cooling.
In the present invention, the working allowance of the aged aluminum alloy is preferably 15 to 25%, more preferably 18 to 22%, and most preferably 20%.
In the present invention, the machining amount of the small amount of machining is 10% or less of the total machining amount, more preferably 5%.
In the present invention, the low temperature annealing temperature is preferably lower than the aging temperature, preferably 30 to 40 ℃ lower than the aging temperature, more preferably lower than 35 ℃; the low temperature annealing temperature is preferably 100-130 ℃, more preferably 110-120 ℃, and most preferably 115 ℃; the total time of the low temperature anneal is preferably no more than 30 hours; the time for the single low-temperature annealing is preferably 5 to 15 hours, more preferably 8 to 12 hours, and most preferably 10 hours.
In the present invention, the temperature of the high temperature anneal is preferably above the aging temperature, but not above 225 ℃; preferably above the ageing temperature of 40-60 ℃, more preferably above 45-55 ℃, most preferably above 50 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature annealing is preferably 195-225 ℃, more preferably 200-220 ℃, and most preferably 210 ℃; the total time of the high temperature annealing is preferably not more than 30 hours; the time for each high temperature annealing is preferably 5 to 15 hours, more preferably 8 to 12 hours, and most preferably 10 hours.
In the present invention, the number of times of repeating the low-temperature or high-temperature annealing and the small amount of machining is preferably 2 to 3 times.
In the present invention, the method of reducing the machining deformation of an irregularly shaped aluminum alloy article preferably comprises:
the first step: after the aluminum alloy is quenched and aged, a small amount (less than 10% of the total machining allowance) of machining is carried out on the aluminum alloy product with enough machining allowance, so that a certain amount of quenching residual stress in the aluminum alloy product is released;
and a second step of: then, on the basis of the first step, carrying out low-temperature or high-temperature annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy product for a certain time, and further releasing the residual stress of the aluminum alloy product by a certain amount;
and a third step of: on the basis of the second step, carrying out a small amount of machining (less than 10% of the total machining allowance) on the aluminum alloy product with the machining allowance, and releasing the residual stress of the aluminum alloy product again to a certain amount;
fourth step: and in the third step, observing the deformation of the machining and measuring the dimensional accuracy, if the dimensional accuracy is not achieved, repeating the second step and the third step until the dimensional accuracy is achieved, and if the dimensional accuracy is achieved, directly machining to the target size.
The invention gradually releases stress by gradually machining, and then gradually controls the machining dimensional accuracy by a method of gradually stress relief annealing. Before machining, the invention must leave enough machining allowance to control the deformation size after each machining within the machining range, so that the size out of tolerance cannot occur and the finished product cannot be machined; the amount of each machining process cannot be excessively large, and is generally controlled to be less than 10% of the total machining amount, and the residual stress release amount is controlled, otherwise, the release amount is excessively large, so that the deformation is excessively large and the size is excessively poor. After each machining, low-temperature or high-temperature stress relief annealing is required for a certain time to further reduce residual stress, wherein the low-temperature annealing temperature is lower than the aging temperature, the high-temperature annealing temperature is higher than the aging temperature, and the sum of the low-temperature or high-temperature annealing time is not more than 30 hours. The low-temperature annealing is generally applicable to thin-walled members, and the high-temperature annealing is generally applicable to thick-walled members (wall thickness of 120mm or more).
The preparation methods of the 2A14 aluminum alloy cylindrical part forging stock adopted in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention are as follows:
ingot preparation, forging, punching and cogging, reaming, ring rolling, quenching and aging;
in the process of preparing the ingot, a round ingot of phi 830mm2A14 aluminum alloy is adopted for turning a wagon to phi 780mm, and the sawing length is 1205mm;
the forging temperature in the forging, punching and cogging process is 420-480 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 400 ℃; after three upsetting and three drawing are finished in the circumferential direction, the axial direction and the radial direction, upsetting is carried out along the axial direction until the height is 650mm, the phi 365 backward extrusion working belt is punched, and finally an inner hole is machined until the phi 390mm;
the forging temperature in the reaming process is 420-480 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 400 ℃; reaming to an outer diameter=phi 1600+/-50 mm by adopting a phi 300 core rod and a small horse frame, and leveling to 650mm;
the initial rolling temperature in the ring rolling process is 420-480 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 400 ℃; rolled to a dimension phi 2721 x phi 2504 x 640 mm.
In the examples and comparative examples of the present invention, the quenching process was: the quenching temperature is 501+/-3 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 4 hours, the quenching medium is room temperature water, the quenching transfer time is not more than 15s, and the soaking time is not less than 20min.
In the examples and comparative examples of the present invention, the aging process is: the aging temperature is 160+/-3 ℃, the aging heat preservation time is 10 hours, and the steel is taken out of the furnace for air cooling after the end.
Comparative example
And (3) processing the 2A14 aluminum alloy cylindrical part subjected to quenching and aging heat treatment to a target size at one time, and counting the sizes and ellipticity before and after machining.
Examples
And (3) turning the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the 2A14 aluminum alloy cylindrical part subjected to quenching and aging heat treatment by a single side of 2mm, then carrying out stress relief annealing at a speed of 120 ℃/10h, directly processing the cylindrical part to a target size, and counting the sizes and ellipticity before and after machining.
The detection results are as follows:
it can be seen that the example dimensions of the step-wise processing and stress relief annealing process are already within the target dimensional tolerance range, while the comparative example dimensions of the one-time processing to the target dimensions are already completely outside the target dimensional tolerance range, indicating that the processing method provided by the present invention is practical and effective.
The method provided by the invention can solve the problem that the machining deformation of cold deformation products cannot be carried out on aluminum alloy products with complex shapes and the like. The cold-deformable aluminum alloy product is machined by the method, so that the purchase cost of cold deformation equipment can be saved. The method provided by the invention is simple and easy to realize.
While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments thereof, the description and illustration is not intended to limit the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in this particular situation, material, composition of matter, substance, method or process without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims, so as to adapt the objective, spirit and scope of the present application. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of this appended claims. Although the methods disclosed herein have been described with reference to particular operations being performed in a particular order, it should be understood that these operations may be combined, sub-divided, or reordered to form an equivalent method without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Thus, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of operations is not a limitation of the present application.
Claims (3)
1. A method of reducing machining distortion of an irregularly shaped aluminum alloy article, comprising:
quenching and aging the aluminum alloy, performing a small amount of machining, then performing low-temperature or high-temperature annealing, performing a small amount of machining again, then measuring the dimensional accuracy, directly machining to a target size if the dimensional accuracy is achieved, and repeating the low-temperature or high-temperature annealing and the small amount of machining until the dimensional accuracy is achieved if the dimensional accuracy is not achieved;
the aluminum alloy is 2A14 aluminum alloy;
the quenching temperature in the quenching process is 498-502 ℃, the quenching heat preservation time is 2-5 hours, and the quenching medium is room temperature water;
the aging temperature in the aging process is 155-165 ℃, the aging heat preservation time is 4-15 hours, and the materials are discharged from the furnace for air cooling;
the low-temperature annealing temperature is 30-40 ℃ lower than the aging temperature;
the temperature of the high temperature anneal is greater than the temperature of the aging but not greater than 225 ℃;
the total time of the low-temperature or high-temperature annealing is not more than 30 hours;
the single low-temperature or high-temperature annealing time is 5-15 hours.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the post-aging aluminum alloy has a working balance of 15 to 25%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the small amount of machining is less than 10% of the total machining.
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| CN202211410656.1A CN115652227B (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2022-11-11 | Method for reducing machining deformation of irregularly-shaped aluminum alloy product |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2025818A (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1980-01-30 | Doncaster & Sons Ltd D | Method of Producing Rings from Aluminium-based Alloys |
| US4268322A (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1981-05-19 | Daniel Doncaster & Sons Limited | Stress relief of aluminium rings |
| CN104195481A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2014-12-10 | 中南大学 | Multi-stage spray quenching process for achieving low residual stress of age hardening aluminum alloy |
| CN105200359A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2015-12-30 | 江苏豪然喷射成形合金有限公司 | Heat treatment method capable of reducing stress of spray-formed 7000 series aluminum alloy products |
| CN108637602A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-12 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | A kind of large size, thin walled Aluminum alloys tank Loadings On Hemispherical Shell manufacturing process |
-
2022
- 2022-11-11 CN CN202211410656.1A patent/CN115652227B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2025818A (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1980-01-30 | Doncaster & Sons Ltd D | Method of Producing Rings from Aluminium-based Alloys |
| US4268322A (en) * | 1978-07-19 | 1981-05-19 | Daniel Doncaster & Sons Limited | Stress relief of aluminium rings |
| CN104195481A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2014-12-10 | 中南大学 | Multi-stage spray quenching process for achieving low residual stress of age hardening aluminum alloy |
| CN105200359A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2015-12-30 | 江苏豪然喷射成形合金有限公司 | Heat treatment method capable of reducing stress of spray-formed 7000 series aluminum alloy products |
| CN108637602A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-12 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | A kind of large size, thin walled Aluminum alloys tank Loadings On Hemispherical Shell manufacturing process |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张诚君.热处理工应知应会问答.吉林人民出版社,1982,第288页. * |
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