CN115650771B - Preparation method and application of silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN115650771B CN115650771B CN202211172611.5A CN202211172611A CN115650771B CN 115650771 B CN115650771 B CN 115650771B CN 202211172611 A CN202211172611 A CN 202211172611A CN 115650771 B CN115650771 B CN 115650771B
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Abstract
The application discloses a preparation method and application of silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles, wherein the method comprises the following steps: dispersing alumina microspheres in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid; dispersing silicon dioxide particles in absolute ethyl alcohol containing a silane coupling agent, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation to obtain an external phase liquid; taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution as a driving phase liquid, and utilizing a liquid-driven coaxial flow focusing technology, wherein an inner phase liquid and an outer phase liquid obtain a core-shell structure which takes a plurality of alumina microspheres as cores and coats silicon dioxide on the outer layer under the shearing action of the driving phase liquid; and (3) washing, centrifuging and drying the core-shell structure, and then placing the core-shell structure into a kiln for burning. According to the application, based on a flow focusing technology, the alumina ceramic particles with core-shell structures are prepared, the outer shell structures can be damaged when the wheel rail pressure is applied, and the inner alumina microspheres are released, so that the crushing and tackifying effects are achieved, the wheel rail cannot be damaged due to overlarge particle size of the whole high-strength particles, and the method has a wide application prospect in industry.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of grinding media, in particular to a preparation method and application of silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the average speed per hour of the high-speed railway, the problem of low viscosity of the high-speed railway also occurs. The traditional solution is to spray quartz sand between the wheel rails by using a sand blasting device to improve friction force (granularity is 0.63-2.0 mm, mohs hardness is not less than 5), but local stress higher than sand crushing strength is often generated along with mutual extrusion and friction of sand between contact friction surfaces of the wheel rails, the compressive stress can cause plastic deformation of contact surfaces of the wheel rails, and the sand is easy to press into the surfaces of the wheel rails to form indentations, so that the contact surfaces of the wheel rails are damaged, and abrasion and service life of the wheel rails are influenced.
Later, in order to solve the problem of high speed and low adhesion, japan used ceramic particles instead of quartz sand. After the wheel tracks are crushed by the alumina particles of 0.3mm, tiny particles with the particle diameter of 10 mu m are embedded into the track surfaces to form bulges similar to anti-skid tires, the bulges break through a water film formed on the contact surfaces of the wheel tracks, the ratio of solid contact parts is greatly increased, and the shearing resistance is removed to provide larger adhesive force between the wheel tracks. The alumina ceramic particles have the characteristics of strong hardness, low expansion coefficient, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and are widely applied to the fields of mechanical manufacture, chemical metallurgy, aerospace, electronic communication and the like. Compared with other grinding media, the alumina ceramic particles have the advantages of high hardness, high whiteness, high specific gravity, capability of effectively improving grinding efficiency, reducing grinding time, and effectively increasing the effective volume of the ball mill, thereby increasing the addition amount of grinding materials.
However, when the alumina ceramic particles are applied to rail jet adhesion, the strength of the alumina ceramic particles is high, and when the particle size is large, the wheel rail is damaged due to the fact that the wheel rail is pressed, and the problem is lacking in an effective solution at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a preparation method and application of silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles, and solves the problem that the conventional alumina ceramic particles damage wheel tracks when being used for track spraying tackifying.
The application realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particle comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing alumina microspheres in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid;
dispersing silicon dioxide particles in absolute ethyl alcohol containing 0.002-0.005mol/mL of silane coupling agent, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation to obtain an external phase liquid;
step three, taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution as a driving phase liquid, and utilizing a liquid driving coaxial flow focusing technology, wherein an inner phase liquid and an outer phase liquid obtain a core-shell structure which takes a plurality of alumina microspheres as cores and coats silicon dioxide on the outer layer under the shearing action of the driving phase liquid;
and step four, placing the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 320-380 ℃, preserving heat for 60-80min, heating to above 1000-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5h, and cooling to obtain the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles after discharging from the kiln.
A further improvement is that each core-shell structure contains 2-5 alumina microspheres.
The further improvement is that the particle size of the alumina microsphere is 0.15-0.25mm.
The further improvement is that the mass concentration of the alumina in the internal phase liquid is 0.5-4mg/mL.
A further improvement is that the silica particles have a particle size of 1 to 200nm.
The further improvement is that the mass concentration of the silicon dioxide in the external phase liquid is 8-30mg/mL.
The further improvement is that the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 1-5%.
The flow focusing method is further improved in that when flow focusing is carried out, the flow rate of the internal phase liquid is 0.02-0.2mL/min, the flow rate of the external phase liquid is 0.04-0.4mL/min, and the flow rate of the driving phase liquid is 3-20mL/min.
The further improvement is that the ultrasonic oscillation time is 10-30min, and the power is 360W.
The application also provides application of the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles prepared by the method in a railway vehicle, wherein the application is that the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles are sprayed on a rail surface, and when the wheel rail pressure of the vehicle is applied, the outer silica shell structure is destroyed, and the inner alumina microspheres are released, so that the crushing and tackifying effects are achieved.
The application has the beneficial effects that: the application prepares the silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particles with core-shell structures based on the flow focusing technology, and the outer shell structures can be directly damaged when the wheel rail pressure is applied, and the inner alumina microspheres are released, so that the crushing and tackifying effects are achieved, and the wheel rail cannot be damaged due to overlarge particle size of the whole high-strength particles, thus the application has wide application prospects in the industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particle produced.
Detailed Description
The application will now be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, it being necessary to note that the following detailed description is given for the purpose of illustration only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application, as numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the application are possible in light of the above disclosure by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The preparation method of the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particle comprises the following steps:
dispersing alumina microspheres with the particle size of 0.15mm in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of alumina in the internal phase liquid is 0.5mg/mL;
step two, dispersing silica particles with the particle size of 10nm in absolute ethyl alcohol containing 0.002mol/mL of silane coupling agent, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 10min by 360W to obtain an external phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of silica in the external phase liquid is 8mg/mL;
taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 1% as a driving phase solution, controlling the flow rate of an internal phase solution to be 0.02mL/min, controlling the flow rate of an external phase solution to be 0.04mL/min, and controlling the flow rate of the driving phase solution to be 3mL/min, wherein the internal phase solution and the external phase solution obtain core-shell structures which take a plurality of alumina microspheres as cores and are coated with silicon dioxide on the outer layer under the shearing action of the driving phase solution, and each core-shell structure comprises 2-5 alumina microspheres;
and step four, placing the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 320 ℃, preserving heat for 80min, heating to more than 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, and cooling to obtain the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles after discharging from the kiln.
Example 2
The preparation method of the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particle comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing alumina microspheres with the particle size of 0.20mm in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of alumina in the internal phase liquid is 2mg/mL;
step two, dispersing silica particles with the particle size of 100nm in absolute ethyl alcohol containing a silane coupling agent with the particle size of 0.004mol/mL, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 20min by 360W to obtain an external phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of silica in the external phase liquid is 16mg/mL;
taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 3% as a driving phase solution, controlling the flow rate of an internal phase solution to be 0.1mL/min, controlling the flow rate of an external phase solution to be 0.2mL/min, and controlling the flow rate of the driving phase solution to be 12mL/min, wherein the internal phase solution and the external phase solution obtain core-shell structures which take a plurality of alumina microspheres as cores and are coated with silicon dioxide on the outer layer under the shearing action of the driving phase solution, and each core-shell structure comprises 2-5 alumina microspheres;
and step four, placing the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 350 ℃, preserving heat for 70min, heating to more than 1050 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, and cooling and discharging from the kiln to obtain the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles.
Example 3
The preparation method of the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particle comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing alumina microspheres with the particle size of 0.25mm in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of alumina in the internal phase liquid is 4mg/mL;
step two, dispersing silicon dioxide particles with the particle size of 200nm in absolute ethyl alcohol containing a silane coupling agent with the particle size of 0.005mol/mL, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30min by 360W to obtain an external phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of silicon dioxide in the external phase liquid is 30mg/mL;
taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 5% as a driving phase solution, controlling the flow rate of an internal phase solution to be 0.2mL/min, controlling the flow rate of an external phase solution to be 0.4mL/min, and obtaining a core-shell structure with a plurality of alumina microspheres as cores and silica coated on the outer layer by the internal phase solution and the external phase solution under the shearing action of the driving phase solution, wherein each core-shell structure contains 2-5 alumina microspheres;
and step four, placing the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, heating to more than 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and cooling and discharging from the kiln to obtain the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles.
Example 4
As shown in FIG. 1, the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles prepared in example 2 were found to have a coating ratio of approximately 100% and good dimensional uniformity. The silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles are sprayed onto the rail surface, the external silica shell structure is destroyed when the rail pressure of the wheel of the vehicle is increased, and the internal alumina microspheres are released, so that the crushing and tackifying effects are achieved, for example, the braking of the vehicle can be assisted, the braking distance is shortened by more than 35%, and the wheel rail is not obviously damaged after the braking.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application.
Claims (5)
1. The application of the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles in the railway vehicle is characterized in that the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles are sprayed on the rail surface, the outer silica shell structure is destroyed when the wheel rail pressure of the vehicle is carried out, and the inner alumina microspheres are released, so that the crushing and tackifying effects are achieved;
the preparation method of the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particle comprises the following steps:
step one, dispersing alumina microspheres in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid;
dispersing silicon dioxide particles in absolute ethyl alcohol containing 0.002-0.005mol/mL of silane coupling agent, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation to obtain an external phase liquid;
step three, taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution as a driving phase solution, and obtaining a core-shell structure with a plurality of alumina microspheres as cores and silica coated on the outer layer by utilizing a liquid-driven coaxial flow focusing technology under the shearing action of the driving phase solution, wherein the flow rate of the inner phase solution is 0.02-0.2mL/min, the flow rate of the outer phase solution is 0.04-0.4mL/min and the flow rate of the driving phase solution is 3-20mL/min during flow focusing;
step four, placing the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 320-380 ℃, preserving heat for 60-80min, heating to above 1000-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5h, and cooling to obtain the silica coated composite alumina ceramic particles;
each core-shell structure comprises 2-5 alumina microspheres, and the particle size of each alumina microsphere is 0.15-0.25mm;
the particle size of the silica particles is 1-200nm.
2. The use of silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1 in rail vehicles, wherein the mass concentration of alumina in the internal phase liquid is 0.5-4mg/mL.
3. The use of silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1 in rail vehicles, wherein the mass concentration of silica in the external phase liquid is 8-30mg/mL.
4. The use of silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol solution has a mass concentration of 1-5%.
5. The use of silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1 in rail vehicles, wherein the ultrasonic oscillation time is 10-30min and the power is 360W.
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