CN115650771A - Preparation method and application of silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particles - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN115650771A CN115650771A CN202211172611.5A CN202211172611A CN115650771A CN 115650771 A CN115650771 A CN 115650771A CN 202211172611 A CN202211172611 A CN 202211172611A CN 115650771 A CN115650771 A CN 115650771A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particles, wherein the method comprises the following steps: dispersing alumina microspheres in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid; dispersing silicon dioxide particles in absolute ethyl alcohol containing a silane coupling agent, and then carrying out ultrasonic oscillation to obtain an external phase liquid; taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution as a driving phase liquid, and obtaining a core-shell structure which takes a plurality of alumina microspheres as a core and is coated with silicon dioxide at the outer layer under the shearing action of the driving phase liquid by utilizing a liquid-driven coaxial flow focusing technology; and (3) putting the core-shell structure into a kiln for burning after washing, centrifuging and drying. The invention prepares the alumina ceramic particles with the core-shell structure based on the flow focusing technology, can damage the external shell structure when the wheel rail is pressed, releases the internal alumina microspheres, further plays a role in crushing and tackifying, can not damage the wheel rail because of the overlarge particle size of the integral high-strength particles, and has wide application prospect in the industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grinding media, in particular to a preparation method and application of silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particles.
Background
With the continuous increase of the average speed per hour of the high-speed railway, the problem of low viscosity of the high-speed railway also occurs. The traditional solution is that a sand blasting device is used for blasting quartz sand between wheel tracks to improve the friction force (the granularity is 0.63 mm-2.0 mm, and the Mohs hardness is not less than 5), but local stress higher than the crushing strength of the sand is often generated along with mutual extrusion and friction of the sand between the contact friction surfaces of the wheel tracks, the contact surfaces of the wheel tracks can generate plastic deformation due to the compression stress, and the sand can be easily pressed into the surfaces of the wheel tracks to form indentations, so that the contact surfaces of the wheel tracks are damaged, and the abrasion and the service life of the wheel tracks are influenced.
Later, in japan, ceramic particles were used instead of quartz sand in order to solve the high-speed low-adhesion problem. After the fine particles having a particle size of 10 μm are embedded into the surface of the rail after crushing between the wheel rails by 0.3mm of alumina particles, protrusions similar to a non-slip tire are formed, which break through the water film that has been formed at the contact surface of the wheel rails, greatly increase the ratio of the solid contact portion, and provide greater adhesion between the wheel rails by removing shear resistance. Among them, alumina ceramic particles themselves have characteristics of strong hardness, low expansion coefficient, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and the like, and are widely used in the fields of machine manufacturing, chemical metallurgy, aerospace, electronic communication, and the like. Compared with other grinding media, the alumina ceramic particles have the advantages of high hardness, high whiteness and large specific gravity, can effectively improve the grinding efficiency, reduce the grinding time and effectively increase the effective volume of the ball mill, thereby increasing the addition of grinding materials.
However, when the alumina ceramic particles are applied to the rail jet tackifying, the self strength is high, when the selected particle size is large, the wheel rail is pressed by the wheel rail to cause damage, and the problem is not effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles, which solve the problem that the prior alumina ceramic particles can damage wheel rails when used for rail jet tackifying.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particle comprises the following steps:
step one, taking alumina microspheres to disperse in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid;
dispersing silicon dioxide particles in absolute ethyl alcohol containing 0.002-0.005mol/mL silane coupling agent, and performing ultrasonic oscillation to obtain an external phase liquid;
taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution as a driving phase liquid, and obtaining a core-shell structure which takes a plurality of alumina microspheres as a core and is coated with silicon dioxide at the outer layer under the shearing action of the driving phase liquid by utilizing a liquid-driven coaxial flow focusing technology;
and step four, putting the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 320-380 ℃, preserving heat for 60-80min, heating to over 1000-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5h, and cooling and taking out of the kiln to obtain the silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particles.
The further improvement is that each core-shell structure contains 2-5 alumina microspheres.
The further improvement is that the particle size of the alumina microspheres is 0.15-0.25mm.
The further improvement is that the mass concentration of the alumina in the internal phase liquid is 0.5-4mg/mL.
The further improvement is that the particle size of the silica particles is 1-200nm.
The further improvement is that the mass concentration of the silicon dioxide in the external phase liquid is 8-30mg/mL.
The further improvement is that the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 1-5%.
The further improvement is that when the flow focusing is carried out, the flow rate of the internal phase liquid is 0.02-0.2mL/min, the flow rate of the external phase liquid is 0.04-0.4mL/min, and the flow rate of the driving phase liquid is 3-20mL/min.
The further improvement is that the ultrasonic oscillation time is 10-30min, and the power is 360W.
The invention also provides the application of the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles prepared by the method in rail vehicles, wherein the application is that the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles are sprayed on rail surfaces, and the outer silica shell structure is destroyed to release the inner alumina microspheres when the rail surfaces of the vehicles are pressed, so that the effects of crushing and tackifying are achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention prepares the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles with the core-shell structure based on the flow focusing technology, and the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles can directly damage the outer shell structure when the wheel rail is pressed, release the alumina microspheres in the wheel rail and further play a role in crushing and tackifying, so that the wheel rail cannot be damaged due to the overlarge particle size of the integral high-strength particles, and the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles have wide application prospect in the industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particle.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples, and it should be noted that the following detailed description is provided for further explanation of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present application may be made by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
Example 1
The preparation method of the silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particle comprises the following steps:
step one, taking alumina microspheres with the particle size of 0.15mm to disperse in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of alumina in the internal phase liquid is 0.5mg/mL;
step two, dispersing silicon dioxide particles with the particle size of 10nm in absolute ethyl alcohol containing 0.002mol/mL silane coupling agent, and then carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 10min by 360W to obtain external phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of silicon dioxide in the external phase liquid is 8mg/mL;
taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 1% as a driving phase liquid, controlling the flow rate of an inner phase liquid to be 0.02mL/min, the flow rate of an outer phase liquid to be 0.04mL/min and the flow rate of the driving phase liquid to be 3mL/min by using a liquid-driven coaxial flow focusing technology, and obtaining a core-shell structure which takes a plurality of alumina microspheres as cores and is coated with silicon dioxide at the outer layer by the inner phase liquid and the outer phase liquid under the shearing action of the driving phase liquid, wherein each core-shell structure comprises 2-5 alumina microspheres;
and step four, putting the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 320 ℃, preserving heat for 80min, heating to more than 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, and cooling and discharging to obtain the silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particles.
Example 2
The preparation method of the silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particle comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking alumina microspheres with the particle size of 0.20mm to disperse in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of alumina in the internal phase liquid is 2mg/mL;
step two, dispersing silicon dioxide particles with the particle size of 100nm in absolute ethyl alcohol containing 0.004mol/mL silane coupling agent, and then carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 20min by 360W to obtain external phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of silicon dioxide in the external phase liquid is 16mg/mL;
taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 3% as a driving phase liquid, controlling the flow rate of an inner phase liquid to be 0.1mL/min, the flow rate of an outer phase liquid to be 0.2mL/min and the flow rate of the driving phase liquid to be 12mL/min by using a liquid-driven coaxial flow focusing technology, and obtaining a core-shell structure which takes a plurality of alumina microspheres as cores and is coated with silicon dioxide at the outer layer by the inner phase liquid and the outer phase liquid under the shearing action of the driving phase liquid, wherein each core-shell structure comprises 2-5 alumina microspheres;
and step four, putting the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 350 ℃, preserving heat for 70min, heating to above 1050 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, and obtaining the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles after cooling and discharging from the kiln.
Example 3
The preparation method of the silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particle comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking alumina microspheres with the particle size of 0.25mm to disperse in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of alumina in the internal phase liquid is 4mg/mL;
step two, dispersing silicon dioxide particles with the particle size of 200nm in absolute ethyl alcohol containing 0.005mol/mL silane coupling agent, and then carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30min by 360W to obtain external phase liquid, wherein the mass concentration of silicon dioxide in the external phase liquid is 30mg/mL;
taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 5% as a driving phase solution, controlling the flow rate of an inner phase solution to be 0.2mL/min, the flow rate of an outer phase solution to be 0.4mL/min and the flow rate of the driving phase solution to be 20mL/min by using a liquid-driven coaxial flow focusing technology, and obtaining a core-shell structure which takes a plurality of alumina microspheres as cores and is coated with silicon dioxide at the outer layer by the inner phase solution and the outer phase solution under the shearing action of the driving phase solution, wherein each core-shell structure comprises 2-5 alumina microspheres;
and step four, putting the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, heating to over 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and obtaining the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles after cooling and discharging from the kiln.
Example 4
Taking the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles obtained in example 2, as shown in fig. 1, the coating rate was close to 100% and the size uniformity was good. The silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles are sprayed on the rail surface, the external silica shell structure is damaged when the wheel rail of the vehicle is pressed, the internal alumina microspheres are released, and the effect of crushing and tackifying is further achieved, for example, the vehicle can be assisted to brake, the braking distance is shortened by more than 35%, and the wheel rail is not obviously damaged after braking.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, taking alumina microspheres to disperse in deionized water to obtain an internal phase liquid;
dispersing silicon dioxide particles in absolute ethyl alcohol containing 0.002-0.005mol/mL silane coupling agent, and then performing ultrasonic oscillation to obtain an external phase liquid;
taking a polyvinyl alcohol solution as a driving phase liquid, and obtaining a core-shell structure which takes a plurality of aluminum oxide microspheres as a core and is coated with silicon dioxide at an outer layer under the shearing action of the driving phase liquid by utilizing a liquid-driven coaxial flow focusing technology;
and step four, putting the core-shell structure into a kiln after washing, centrifuging and drying, heating to 320-380 ℃, preserving heat for 60-80min, heating to over 1000-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5h, and cooling and taking out of the kiln to obtain the silicon dioxide coated composite alumina ceramic particles.
2. The method for preparing silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein each core-shell structure contains 2 to 5 alumina microspheres.
3. The method for producing silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein the alumina microspheres have a particle diameter of 0.15 to 0.25mm.
4. The method for producing silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of alumina in the internal phase liquid is 0.5 to 4mg/mL.
5. The method for producing silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein the silica particles have a particle diameter of 1 to 200nm.
6. The method for producing silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of silica in the external phase liquid is 8 to 30mg/mL.
7. The method for producing silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol solution has a mass concentration of 1 to 5%.
8. The method for producing silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the internal phase liquid is 0.02 to 0.2mL/min, the flow rate of the external phase liquid is 0.04 to 0.4mL/min, and the flow rate of the driving phase liquid is 3 to 20mL/min during the flow focusing.
9. The method for preparing silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein the time of the ultrasonic oscillation is 10 to 30min and the power is 360W.
10. The application of the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9 in rail vehicles is characterized in that the silica-coated composite alumina ceramic particles are sprayed on rail surfaces, and when the rail surfaces of the vehicles are pressed, the outer silica shell structures are destroyed, the inner alumina microspheres are released, and the effects of crushing and thickening are achieved.
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