CN106396720B - Porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres, preparation method thereof and application thereof in jet tackifying device - Google Patents
Porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres, preparation method thereof and application thereof in jet tackifying device Download PDFInfo
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
- B61C15/00—Maintaining or augmenting the starting or braking power by auxiliary devices and measures; Preventing wheel slippage; Controlling distribution of tractive effort between driving wheels
- B61C15/08—Preventing wheel slippage
- B61C15/10—Preventing wheel slippage by depositing sand or like friction increasing materials
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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Abstract
The invention provides a porous alumina porcelain sand microsphere, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a jet viscosity-increasing device, belongs to the technical field of ceramic materials, and can prepare the alumina porcelain sand microsphere with high strength and high crushing efficiency, thereby effectively increasing the adhesiveness between a wheel and a steel rail. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding micron alumina powder and ammonia water into deionized water to prepare alumina slurry, oscillating and ball-milling the alumina slurry, and continuously stirring for later use; spray drying the alumina slurry to be used to obtain an alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank; rolling the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a sugar-coating machine to prepare a semi-finished product of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank; and calcining the semi-finished product of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a high-temperature rotary furnace, and then cooling the calcined blank to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres with the diameters of 0.25-1.65 mm. The invention can be used in the preparation process of the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres for the jet tackifying device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic materials, in particular to porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a jet viscosifying device.
Background
At present, in the field of high speed of vehicles, in order to increase the adhesiveness between a wheel and a rail, sand is generally applied between the wheel and the rail, but compared with the sand application, small amount of broken porcelain sand particles are accurately injected between the wheel and the rail at high speed, so that the wheel can be prevented from idling and slipping to achieve the thickening effect, and the cost is lower relative to the sand application. Because the existing porcelain sand generally takes dense ceramics as the main part and has uneven particle size after being crushed, the thickening function of the porcelain sand is difficult to be fully exerted. Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to provide an alumina porcelain sand microsphere with high strength and high crushing efficiency and a preparation method for preparing the ideal alumina porcelain sand microsphere.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a jet viscosity increasing device, so that the alumina porcelain sand microspheres with high strength and high crushing efficiency are prepared, and the adhesion between wheels and steel rails can be effectively increased.
The invention provides a preparation method of porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres, which comprises the following steps:
adding micron alumina powder and ammonia water into deionized water to prepare alumina slurry, oscillating and ball-milling the alumina slurry, and continuously stirring for later use;
spray drying the alumina slurry to be used to obtain an alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank;
rolling the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a sugar-coating machine to prepare a semi-finished product of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank;
and calcining the semi-finished product of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a high-temperature rotary furnace, and then cooling the calcined blank to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres with the diameters of 0.25-1.65 mm.
As a preferred scheme, the mass ratio of the alumina powder to the deionized water is 1:10-1:20, wherein the concentration of the ammonia water in the deionized water is 0.1-0.2 mol/L.
As a preferable scheme, the diameter of the semi-finished product of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank is 0.3-1.7 mm.
Preferably, the porosity of the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres is 10% -30%.
As a preferred scheme, the semi-finished product alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank is calcined in a high-temperature rotary furnace with the heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min and the calcination temperature of 1200-1550 ℃ for 0.5-5 hours.
As an alternative, the alumina slurry is vibrated, ball-milled and continuously stirred, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and oscillating the alumina slurry in ultrasonic waves for 3-8 minutes, then ball-milling the alumina slurry for 12-36 hours by adopting zirconia microspheres with the particle size of 1mm, and finally placing the ball-milled alumina slurry on a magnetic stirrer for continuous stirring for later use.
Alternatively, the alumina slurry to be used is introduced into a spray dryer by a peristaltic pump to be spray-dried.
The invention also provides a porous alumina porcelain sand microsphere prepared by the preparation method of any one of the above technical schemes.
In another aspect, the invention provides an application of the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres in the technical scheme in a spraying and viscosity increasing device on a railway vehicle.
As a preferable scheme, the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres are sprayed onto the rail surface by a spraying tackifying device at a speed of 80-110 m/s, so that the tackifying requirement of vehicles is met.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the sintering degree of the alumina ceramic is controlled in the preparation process, so that the prepared alumina ceramic microspheres have the strength exceeding 200MPa and higher crushing efficiency under the condition of certain porosity, the requirement of high-speed injection can be met when the porous alumina ceramic microspheres are used for locomotive tackifying, meanwhile, the residual pores have a cutting effect on the material, the material can be easily crushed, and the requirement of crushing the materials between wheels and rails into tiny powder through rolling can be met. Long-term trial tests on locomotives prove that compared with the existing sanding mode, the method for spraying the alumina porcelain sand microspheres has the advantages that the tackifying effect higher than sanding can be achieved only by using the amount of 1/30 and using the material cost of 1/20, and compared with the existing sanding mode, the method is higher in reliability, beneficial to railway operation and improvement of management level and achieves standardized operation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An embodiment of one aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres, which comprises the following steps:
s1: adding micron alumina powder and ammonia water into deionized water to prepare alumina slurry, oscillating and ball-milling the alumina slurry, and continuously stirring for later use.
In this step, firstly, the alumina slurry is prepared by using the micron alumina powder, and in order to make the slurry obtain a uniform microsphere blank in the subsequent spray drying process, the slurry needs to be further processed, which may include processing modes such as oscillation, ball milling, stirring and the like, so as to obtain a more uniform slurry.
S2: and carrying out spray drying on the alumina slurry to be used to obtain an alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank.
S3: rolling the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a sugar-coating machine to prepare a semi-finished product of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank.
S4: and calcining the semi-finished product of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a high-temperature rotary furnace, and then cooling the calcined blank to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres with the diameters of 0.25-1.65 mm.
In the step, the processed semi-finished product alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank is calcined, and the sintering temperature of the blank is controlled, so that the obtained porcelain sand microspheres have higher strength and higher breaking rate under the condition of certain porosity, thereby not only meeting the requirement of high-speed injection, but also meeting the requirement of crushing the ceramic sand microspheres into micro powder between wheels and rails through rolling. It can be understood that the diameter of the prepared porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres can also be 0.35, 0.45, 0.55, 0.65, 0.75, 0.85, 0.95, 1.05, 1.15, 1.25, 1.35, 1.45 and 1.55mm, and it should be noted that the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres can be used as a single alumina porcelain sand microsphere particle with the maximum outer diameter of 1.65mm when the outer diameter of the alumina porcelain sand microspheres is increased by 0.1mm, so that a person skilled in the art can prepare porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres with corresponding sizes according to actual use conditions.
In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the alumina powder to the deionized water is 1:10-1:20, wherein the concentration of the ammonia water in the deionized water is 0.1-0.2 mol/L. In order to prepare the alumina slurry meeting the requirement, the mass ratio of the alumina powder to the deionized water and the concentration of the ammonia water are defined in the embodiment. It is understood that the alumina slurry prepared is satisfactory regardless of the mass ratio and the concentration of ammonia water, provided that they are selected within the above range. It is understood that the mass ratio of alumina powder to deionized water can also be 1:12, 1:14, 1:15, 1:16, 1:18, etc., and the concentration of ammonia water can be 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18mol/L, etc., which can be selected by one skilled in the art as required.
In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the semi-finished alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank is 0.3-1.7 mm. In this embodiment, the diameter of the semi-finished alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank is limited, which mainly meets the requirement of obtaining the diameter of the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres meeting the requirement in the subsequent preparation. The diameter of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank of the semi-finished product is slightly larger than that of the finished product, considering that the blank needs to be further ground and the like in the process from the semi-finished product to the finished product. It is understood that the diameter of the semi-finished alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank can also be 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6mm, and can be selected by one skilled in the art as required.
In a preferred embodiment, the porosity of the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres is 10% -30%. In this embodiment, the porosity of the finished porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres is also limited, mainly because the pores are the origin of material crushing, and the residual pores have a splitting effect on the material itself, so that the requirement of crushing the material between the wheel and the rail into fine powder through rolling can be met. It can be understood that the porosity of the finished porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres should not be too large or too small, which may affect the final crushing effect, and too large which may affect the strength, therefore, the porosity is preferably in the range of 10% -30%, in an alternative embodiment, the porosity may also be 15%, 20%, 25%, etc., and those skilled in the art may perform control adjustment according to actual needs.
In a preferred embodiment, the semi-finished alumina porcelain sand microsphere green body is calcined in a high-temperature rotary furnace with the heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 1200-1550 ℃ for 0.5-5 hours. In this embodiment, calcination is the most important and critical step in the whole process, and the finished porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres with a certain porosity, high strength and good crushing effect can be obtained by controlling the whole sintering process. The ranges of the calcination temperature and the calcination time of the semi-finished alumina porcelain sand microsphere green body are specifically defined in this embodiment, and it can be understood that the final requirement of the finished product obtained by sintering within the above parameter ranges can be satisfied, for example, the calcination temperature can be 1250 ℃, 1300 ℃, 1350 ℃, 1400 ℃, 1450 ℃, 1500 ℃, etc., and the calcination time can be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 hours, etc., and those skilled in the art can perform control adjustment according to the actual requirement.
In an optional embodiment, the alumina slurry is vibrated, ball-milled, and continuously stirred for standby application specifically as follows: and oscillating the alumina slurry in ultrasonic waves for 3-8 minutes, then ball-milling the alumina slurry for 12-36 hours by adopting zirconia microspheres with the particle size of 1mm, and finally placing the ball-milled alumina slurry on a magnetic stirrer for continuous stirring for later use. In this example, specific processing steps and corresponding processing conditions of the alumina slurry before spray drying are specifically described, so as to make the alumina slurry more uniform. It is understood that the oscillation time can be adjusted within the above range, for example, 4, 5, 6, 7 minutes, the ball milling time can be 16, 18, 22, 24, 26, 30, 34 hours, etc., and the person skilled in the art can adjust the oscillation time according to the actual needs. However, it is understood that the present embodiment is not limited to the above-listed parameters, and for example, the time for shaking and ball milling can be selected to be longer or shorter according to the mixing effect.
In an alternative embodiment, the alumina slurry to be used is passed into a spray dryer for spray drying using a peristaltic pump. In this embodiment, in order to uniformly dry the alumina slurry, the alumina slurry may be slowly fed into a spray dryer to be spray-dried, and may be fed by a peristaltic pump, for example. It is understood that the feeding manner of the alumina slurry is not particularly limited in this embodiment, and those skilled in the art can also feed it in other reasonable manners as long as it can be uniformly dried.
An embodiment of another aspect of the present invention provides a porous alumina porcelain sand microsphere prepared by the method for preparing a porous alumina porcelain sand microsphere as described in any one of the above embodiments. The porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres prepared by the embodiment of the invention have certain porosity, strength of over 200MPa and high crushing efficiency, can meet the requirement of high-speed injection when being used for locomotive tackifying, and simultaneously, the residual air holes have a cutting function on the material and can meet the requirement of crushing the materials between wheels and rails into tiny powder through rolling. The porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres have high strength, insulation and tackifying efficiency, are beneficial to improving the management level of railway operation and realize standardized operation.
Embodiments of a further aspect of the invention provide the use of porous alumina-porcelain sand microspheres as described in the previous embodiments in a spray viscosifying device on a rail vehicle. The porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres provided by the embodiment of the invention have certain porosity, strength of over 200MPa and high crushing efficiency, so that the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres can prevent wheels from idling and slipping when being accurately sprayed between the wheels and steel rails in a spray tackifying device at high speed, and effectively play a role in tackifying.
In a preferred embodiment, the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres are sprayed onto the rail surface by a spray tackifying device at a speed of 80-110 m/s, so that the tackifying requirement of vehicles is met. In the embodiment, when the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres are sprayed onto the rail surface at a speed of 80-110 m/s, the wheel set is instantaneously rolled to form an adhesion increasing zone consisting of fine particles, and the relationship between the spraying speed and the viscosity increasing coefficient of the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres and the vehicle is obtained through test verification, so that the vehicle braking can be assisted, and the braking effect of a train at a specified braking distance is ensured.
In order to more clearly and specifically describe the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method thereof and the application thereof in the spray viscosifying device, the following detailed description will be given with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Adding 1 part of micron alumina powder and 0.1mol/L ammonia water into 10 parts of deionized water to prepare alumina slurry, oscillating the alumina slurry in ultrasonic waves for 3 minutes, ball-milling the alumina slurry for 12 hours by using zirconia microspheres with the particle size of 1mm, and then placing the alumina slurry on a magnetic stirrer to continuously stir for later use; introducing the alumina slurry to be used into a spray dryer by using a peristaltic pump for spray drying to obtain an alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank; rolling the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a sugar-coating machine to prepare a semi-finished product of alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank with the thickness of 0.3 mm; calcining the semi-finished product alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a high-temperature rotary furnace with the heating rate of 5 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 1200 ℃ for 5 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres with the porosity of 10% and the diameter of 0.25 mm.
Example 2
Adding 1 part of micron alumina powder and 0.15mol/L ammonia water into 15 parts of deionized water to prepare alumina slurry, oscillating the alumina slurry in ultrasonic waves for 5 minutes, ball-milling the alumina slurry for 24 hours by adopting zirconia microspheres with the particle size of 1mm, and then placing the alumina slurry on a magnetic stirrer for continuous stirring for later use; introducing the alumina slurry to be used into a spray dryer by using a peristaltic pump for spray drying to obtain an alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank; rolling the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a sugar-coating machine to prepare a semi-finished product of alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank with the thickness of 1.0 mm; calcining the semi-finished product alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a high-temperature rotary furnace with the heating rate of 8 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 1400 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres with the porosity of 20% and the diameter of 0.95 mm.
Example 3
Adding 1 part of micron alumina powder and 0.2mol/L ammonia water into 20 parts of deionized water to prepare alumina slurry, oscillating the alumina slurry in ultrasonic waves for 8 minutes, ball-milling the alumina slurry for 36 hours by adopting zirconia microspheres with the particle size of 1mm, and then placing the alumina slurry on a magnetic stirrer for continuous stirring for later use; introducing the alumina slurry to be used into a spray dryer by using a peristaltic pump for spray drying to obtain an alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank; rolling the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a sugar-coating machine to prepare a semi-finished product of alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank with the thickness of 1.7 mm; calcining the semi-finished product alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a high-temperature rotary furnace with the heating rate of 10 ℃/min and the calcining temperature of 1550 ℃ for 0.5 hour, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres with the porosity of 30% and the diameter of 1.65 mm.
Performance testing
The porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres prepared in examples 1 to 3 were analyzed and compared with two kinds of commercially available porcelain sand particles in terms of porosity, strength, crushing uniformity and effective crushing rate, and the analysis results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the Properties of the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres prepared in examples 1-3 with commercially available porcelain sand particles
| Numbering | Porosity of the alloy | Strength (MPa) | Crushing uniformity | Effective breaking ratio (%) |
| Example 1 | 10％ | 205 | Uniformity | ≥99％ |
| Example 2 | 20％ | 208 | Uniformity | ≥99％ |
| Example 3 | 30％ | 216 | Uniformity | ≥99％ |
| Commercially available 1 | 0％ | 152 | Unevenness of | 74％ |
| On the market 2 | 3％ | 160 | Unevenness of | 79％ |
As can be seen from table 1, compared with two commercially available ceramic sand particles, the porous alumina ceramic sand microspheres prepared in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention have a certain porosity, so that the material can be easily crushed, and the particles formed after crushing are uniform and have a high effective crushing rate, so as to meet the requirement of forming an adhesion-increasing band by instantly rolling the particles between the wheels and the rails through wheel sets; in addition, the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres prepared by the embodiments 1-3 of the invention also have higher strength which is more than 200MPa, are favorable for being accurately sprayed between wheels and steel rails at high speed in a device for spraying and tackifying to prevent the wheels from idling and slipping, and effectively play a role in tackifying, thereby assisting the braking of vehicles and ensuring the effective braking of trains at specified braking distance.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding micron alumina powder and ammonia water into deionized water to prepare alumina slurry, oscillating and ball-milling the alumina slurry, and continuously stirring for later use;
spray drying the alumina slurry to be used to obtain an alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank;
rolling the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a sugar-coating machine to prepare a semi-finished product of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank;
calcining the semi-finished product of alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in a high-temperature rotary furnace, calcining the semi-finished product of alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank in the high-temperature rotary furnace at the temperature rise rate of 5-10 ℃/min and the calcination temperature of 1200-1550 ℃ for 0.5-5 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres with the diameter of 0.25-1.65mm, wherein the porosity of the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres is 10-30%;
the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres prepared by the method are used as a tackifying material in a jetting tackifying device on a railway vehicle;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mass ratio of the alumina powder to the deionized water is 1:10-1:20, and the concentration of the ammonia water in the deionized water is 0.1-0.2 mol/L;
the diameter of the semi-finished product of the alumina porcelain sand microsphere blank is 0.3-1.7 mm.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the alumina slurry is vibrated, ball-milled and continuously stirred for later use, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and oscillating the alumina slurry in ultrasonic waves for 3-8 minutes, then ball-milling the alumina slurry for 12-36 hours by adopting zirconia microspheres with the particle size of 1mm, and finally placing the ball-milled alumina slurry on a magnetic stirrer for continuous stirring for later use.
3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the alumina slurry to be used is introduced into a spray dryer by a peristaltic pump to be spray-dried.
4. The porous alumina porcelain microspheres prepared by the method for preparing porous alumina porcelain microspheres of claim 1.
5. Use of the porous alumina-porcelain sand microspheres of claim 4 in a spray-on adhesion-promoting device on a rail vehicle.
6. The use of claim 5, wherein the porous alumina porcelain sand microspheres are sprayed onto the rail surface by a spray tackifying device at a speed of 80-110 m/s to meet the tackifying requirements of vehicles.
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