CN115646440B - Charcoal purine-absorbing material based on shaddock peel and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Charcoal purine-absorbing material based on shaddock peel and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a charcoal purine-absorbing material based on shaddock peel, and a preparation method and application thereof. Separating white flocculent pericarp from yellow epidermis after cleaning the shaddock peel, and drying the white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis; carbonizing and grinding the dried white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis to obtain the biochar purine adsorbing material based on shaddock peel. The shaddock peel biochar material is harmless, edible and fast and effective in adsorbing purine matters in strong acid, and under the same conditions, the adsorption rate of the edible bamboo charcoal to various purine matters is about 97%, the adsorption rate of the product of the invention to various purine matters can reach 99%, and the product of the invention is an excellent biochar material applied to adsorbing exogenous purine in human body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of charcoal materials, and particularly relates to a charcoal purine-absorbing material based on shaddock peel, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Grapefruit is a subtropical fruit and is distributed around the world, and is particularly famous in Shatian grapefruit in Guangxi Yulin county of China. The whole body of the shaddock is precious, the shaddock peel is juicy and delicious, the shaddock peel is rich in various nutrient substances, and the shaddock peel has great medical and edible values, wherein the bioactive substances such as active polysaccharide, flavonoid compounds, pectin, dietary fibers and the like are rich in content, and the shaddock peel has the effects of resisting oxidation, reducing blood sugar, resisting cancer, preventing cardiovascular diseases, promoting gastrointestinal motility and the like. In order to better realize the medical and edible value of the shaddock peel, the shaddock peel is usually prepared into a plurality of products such as preserved fruit, shaddock peel sauce, shaddock tea, shaddock peel fruit wine, shaddock peel fruit vinegar and the like. In addition, the shaddock peel is also a natural biological adsorption material. The shaddock peel has micropores and fibrous tissues (such as a sheet structure, a honeycomb structure and the like) with various shapes and structures, is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin, contains a large number of functional groups such as hydroxyl groups, aldehyde groups, carboxyl groups, carbonyl groups and the like, and endows the shaddock peel with natural adsorption performance. In recent years, many researchers reform shaddock peel through organic acid, inorganic acid, organic alkali, inorganic salt and other compounds and carbonization, and introduce new surface groups or change the structure of the shaddock peel to improve the adsorption performance of the shaddock peel, so that the shaddock peel becomes a novel material and is applied to treatment of various waste water (such as heavy metal waste water, dye waste water, medical waste water, organic waste water and the like) and preparation of super capacitors.
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in primates. In vivo purine metabolic disorders may cause hyperuricemia. Gout is a progressive metabolic disease closely related to hyperuricemia and urate deposition. Gouty arthritis is a disease in which the blood uric acid in the body is too high, and the saturation in blood or tissue fluid is exceeded, sodium urate crystals are locally formed and deposited on joints, and then local inflammatory reaction and tissue destruction are induced. At present, the common clinical gout preventing and treating medicines mainly adopt chemical medicines, and respectively take the purposes of reducing blood uric acid level, diminishing inflammation and easing pain as treatment. At present, the methods for reducing blood uric acid level mainly comprise: 1. inhibiting key enzyme activities, namely adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase; 2. promoting uric acid excretion and inhibiting its reabsorption in kidney; 3. promoting the decomposition of uric acid precursor substances; 4. promoting uric acid decomposition. The medicine has definite target point but serious side effect.
67% of uric acid in humans is endogenous uric acid; the other 33% of uric acid is exogenous uric acid, mainly derived from foods rich in purine or nucleoprotein components ingested by the human body. Foods which are frequently eaten by people in life such as animal viscera (such as liver, kidney, brain, intestine and the like), seafood (such as shellfish, sea fish, roe, shrimp and crab and the like), fresh mushrooms and the like are foods rich in purine, and frequently drunk drinks such as soybean milk and beer also contain a large amount of purine substances. Prolonged or excessive consumption of these foods and beverages can lead to elevated uric acid levels in the body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a charcoal adsorption purine material based on shaddock peel and a preparation method thereof, and the harmless edible charcoal material is applied to adsorb purine in exogenous purine of human bodies and drinks rich in purine substances, such as beer, soybean milk and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the charcoal purine adsorbing material based on shaddock peel is prepared by the following steps:
s1, separating white flocculent pericarp from yellow epidermis after cleaning shaddock peel, and drying the white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis;
s2, carbonizing and grinding the dried white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis to obtain the biochar purine adsorbing material based on the shaddock peel.
Preferably, the white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis dried in the step S1 is soaked in KOH solution, then alkali liquor is poured out, the white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis is respectively washed by deionized water, and the washed white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis is dried.
Preferably, the KOH solution is 1M and the soaking time is 24 hours.
Preferably, the yellow skin is carbonized to obtain the charcoal purine adsorbing material based on shaddock peel.
Preferably, the carbonization temperature of the carbonized product is 650-850 ℃, and further 750-850 ℃. Further preferably, the carbonization time is 2 hours.
Preferably, the drying in step S1 is drying or freeze-drying.
Preferably, the drying is performed in an oven at 60 ℃ for 36 hours.
Preferably, the freeze drying is freeze drying for 24 hours;
the invention also provides application of the charcoal purine adsorption material based on the shaddock peel in purine adsorption.
Preferably, the purine is a human exogenous purine or a purine in a beverage.
Preferably, the beverage comprises a purine-rich beverage such as beer, soy milk, etc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the raw materials of the invention are derived from the shaddock peel, are harmless and edible, have rich sources, realize waste utilization, have low raw material cost and can effectively reduce production cost. The biochar material is simple to prepare, easy to operate and easy to realize industrial production.
2. The shaddock peel biochar material is harmless, edible and fast and effective in adsorbing purine matters in strong acid, and has the adsorption rate of edible bamboo charcoal to various purine matters of about 97% and the adsorption rate of the product to various purine matters of about 99% under the same conditions.
3. The product of the invention can rapidly and effectively adsorb purines in beverages rich in purine substances, such as beer, soybean milk and the like. The adsorption rate of the edible bamboo charcoal to purine substances in the beer is 81-87%, but the beer treated by the edible bamboo charcoal loses the original flavor of the beer. The adsorption rate of the product of the invention to purine substances in beer is 65-75%, and the product has little influence on the original flavor of beer. The adsorption rate of the edible bamboo charcoal to purine substances in the soybean milk is about 47-48%, and the adsorption rate of the product of the invention to purine substances in the soybean milk is about 61-64%, and the product of the invention is an excellent biochar material applied to the adsorption of purine substances in the beverage rich in purine substances.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for preparing a shaddock peel biochar material;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the effect of adsorption of purine in beer by the shaddock peel biochar material obtained in examples 1 to 7, 1: beer; 2: edible bamboo charcoal; 3 to 9: examples 1 to 7;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the adsorption effect of the shaddock peel biochar material obtained in examples 1 to 7 on purine in soybean milk, 1: a soybean milk; 2: edible bamboo charcoal; 3 to 9: examples 1 to 7.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden on the person of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the charcoal purine adsorbing material based on the shaddock peel comprises the following steps:
s1, separating white flocculent pericarp from yellow epidermis after washing shaddock peel, and freeze-drying the white flocculent pericarp for 24 hours to obtain dried white flocculent pericarp for later use;
s2, heating the dried white flocculent pericarp to 550 ℃ gradually, maintaining the temperature, and carbonizing for 2h under the air condition.
S3, cooling to room temperature, grinding the carbide into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the shaddock peel biochar material.
Example 2
The preparation method of the charcoal purine adsorbing material based on the shaddock peel comprises the following steps:
s1, separating white flocculent peel from yellow peel after washing shaddock peel, and drying the yellow peel in a 60 ℃ oven for 36 hours to obtain dried yellow peel for later use;
s2, putting the dried yellow epidermis into a 1M KOH solution, and soaking for 24 hours;
s3, pouring alkali liquor and cleaning with deionized water;
s4, drying the cleaned yellow skin, and drying the skin in a 60 ℃ oven for 36 hours.
S5, transferring the dried yellow skin into a tube furnace, gradually heating to 650 ℃, maintaining the temperature, and carbonizing for 2h under the air condition.
S6, cooling to room temperature, grinding the carbide into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the shaddock peel biochar material.
Example 3
This example is substantially the same as example 2 except that the drying method is freeze-drying for 24 hours (the drying of S1 and S4 is changed to freeze-drying).
Example 4
This example is essentially the same as example 1 except that the drying process is in an oven at 60℃for 36 hours and the carbonization temperature is 750 ℃.
Example 5
The example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the shaddock peel is a yellow skin, the drying method is that the shaddock peel is dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 36 hours, and the carbonization temperature is 750 ℃.
Example 6
This example is substantially the same as example 2 except that the pomelo peel is white flocculent peel and the carbonization temperature is 850 ℃.
Example 7
This example is essentially the same as example 2, except that the carbonization temperature is 850 ℃.
The preparation conditions of the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in examples 1 to 7 are shown in table 1:
table 1 table of preparation conditions of the shaddock peel biochar materials obtained in examples 1 to 7
| Shaddock peel | Drying method | KOH treatment | Carbonization temperature (. Degree. C.) | |
| Example 1 | White flocculent pericarp | Freeze-drying | Without any means for | 550 |
| Example 2 | Yellow epidermis | Drying | Has the following components | 650 |
| Example 3 | Yellow epidermis | Freeze-drying | Has the following components | 650 |
| Example 4 | White flocculent pericarp | Drying | Without any means for | 750 |
| Example 5 | Yellow epidermis | Drying | Without any means for | 750 |
| Example 6 | White flocculent pericarp | Drying | Has the following components | 850 |
| Example 7 | Yellow epidermis | Drying | Has the following components | 850 |
Application of the shaddock peel biochar material obtained in examples 1 to 7 in adsorbing purine in human exogenous purine and in beverages. The application method comprises the following steps:
1. adsorbing exogenous purine in human body.
1.1. HCL was used to simulate the acidic conditions of human stomach and 0.1M HCL was used to prepare a purine mixture. Weighing 50mg adenine standard substance, 50mg guanine standard substance, 50mg xanthine standard substance and 50mg hypoxanthine standard substance, and dissolving each purine standard substance in 1L of 0.1M HCL to obtain purine substance mixed solution;
1.2. the mixed solution of the shaddock peel biochar material and purine substances is prepared from 1g: mixing 20mL, shaking at 37 ℃ for 1h;
1.3. and respectively detecting the adenine, guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthine content in the purine substance mixed solution by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer at the wavelengths of 261nm, 246nm, 277nm and 254nm, and calculating the adsorption rate of the shaddock peel charcoal material on each purine substance.
Adsorption rate (%) = (A0-A1)/a0×100%;
a0 is absorbance detected at each wavelength of the purine substance mixture solution;
a1 is absorbance detected at each wavelength after the mixture of the shaddock peel biochar material and purine substances is mixed and shaken for 1 h.
The adsorption rates of the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in examples 1 to 7 to purines in 0.1M HCL purine substance mixture solution are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 adsorption Rate of the shaddock peel biochar Material obtained in examples 1 to 7 to purine in 0.1M HCL purine substance Mixed solution
The results of the comparison of the examples of the present invention show that the carbonized product of yellow skin has better adsorption effect on various purines than carbonized product of white flocculent pericarp. The drying method has better drying effect than freeze-drying. The carbonization temperatures of 750 ℃ and 850 ℃ are the best, the 650 ℃ effect is inferior, and the 550 ℃ effect is general. The KOH is activated or not, and the effect difference is larger at different carbonization temperatures.
As can be seen from the results of Table 2, the adsorption rates of the shaddock peel biochar materials obtained in examples 2 to 7 to various purine substances are all greater than 93% except for the shaddock peel biochar material obtained in example 1, wherein the shaddock peel biochar materials obtained in examples 5 and 7 have the best effect. Example 5 shows adsorption rates of adenine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and guanine of 99.47%, 99.67%, 99.30%, and 98.88%, respectively; example 7 shows that the adsorption rates of adenine, xanthine, hypoxanthine and guanine are 99.62%, 99.67%, 99.62% and 99.60% respectively, which indicates that the shaddock peel biochar material can rapidly and effectively adsorb purine substances in acidic solution.
The edible bamboo charcoal (Gu Bendao) is selected to be compared with the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in the embodiments 1 to 7, and the result shows that the adsorption rate of the edible bamboo charcoal to various purine substances is about 97% under the acid condition of 0.1M HCL, the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in the embodiments 2 to 7 of the invention have better effects than the edible bamboo charcoal, and especially the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in the embodiments 5 and 7 have the adsorption rate to purine as high as 99%. In general, the food stays in the stomach for about 3 hours, and the shaddock peel charcoal material of the invention can adsorb purine substances within 1 hour. Therefore, the shaddock peel biochar material is an excellent material for adsorbing exogenous purine of a human body.
2. Adsorbing purine in beer.
2.1. The shaddock peel charcoal material and beer (Liger, white beer) are mixed according to a feed liquid ratio of 1g: mixing 20mL, shaking at 37 ℃ for 2h;
2.2. and respectively detecting the adenine, guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthine contents in the beer at the wavelengths of 261nm, 246nm, 277nm and 254nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and calculating the adsorption rate of the shaddock peel biochar material on each purine substance.
Adsorption rate (%) = (A0-A1)/a0×100%;
a0 is the absorbance of beer detected at each wavelength;
a1 is absorbance detected at each wavelength after the shaddock peel biochar material is mixed with beer and is shaken for 2 hours.
The adsorption effect of the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in examples 1 to 7 on purine in beer is shown in fig. 2:
the adsorption rates of the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in examples 1 to 7 to purines in beer are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 adsorption Rate of purine in beer by the shaddock peel biochar materials obtained in examples 1 to 7
In the test, white beer of Liger is used as an experimental material, and the content of adenine, xanthine, hypoxanthine and guanine in the beer is 104.37, 191.75, 90.07 and 98.07 mug/mL respectively through detection. The edible bamboo charcoal is selected to be compared with the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in the embodiments 1 to 7 of the invention, and the results in the table 3 show that the adsorption rate of the edible bamboo charcoal to purine substances in the beer is about 81 to 87 percent, and the adsorption effect of the embodiments 1,2 and 7 of the invention to purine substances in the beer is poor; examples 3 and 6 showed an improved effect of adsorbing purine substances in the beer; example 5 shows the best effect of adsorbing purine compounds in beer (65-75%). Although the adsorption effect of the edible bamboo charcoal on purine substances in the beer is good, as can be seen from fig. 2, the beer treated by the edible bamboo charcoal has lost the original flavor of the beer, and the product has less influence on the original flavor of the beer. Therefore, the shaddock peel biochar material is a better material for adsorbing purine substances in beer.
3. Adsorbing purine in soybean milk.
3.1. Soaking soybeans for 5 hours, wherein the ratio of the soybeans to water is 1g: mixing 10mL, crushing, and filtering to obtain soybean milk;
3.2. the ratio of the shaddock peel charcoal material to the soybean milk is 1g: mixing 20mL, shaking at 37 ℃ for 2h;
3.3. and respectively detecting the adenine, guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthine contents in the soybean milk at the wavelengths of 261nm, 246nm, 277nm and 254nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and calculating the adsorption rate of the shaddock peel biochar material on each purine substance.
Adsorption rate (%) = (A0-A1)/a0×100%;
a0 is absorbance of the soybean milk detected at each wavelength;
a1 is absorbance detected at each wavelength after the shaddock peel biochar material is mixed with soybean milk and is shaken for 2 hours.
The adsorption effect of the shaddock peel charcoal material obtained in examples 1 to 7 on purine in soybean milk is shown in fig. 3:
the adsorption rates of the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in examples 1 to 7 to purines in soybean milk are shown in table 4:
table 4 adsorption ratio of the shaddock peel charcoal material obtained in examples 1 to 7 to purine in soymilk
In the test, soybeans and water are mixed according to a feed liquid ratio of 1g: as an experimental material, 10mL of prepared soybean milk is detected, and the soybean milk contains adenine, xanthine, hypoxanthine and guanine with contents of 1,053.95, 1,773.73, 1,058.43 and 1402.64 mug/mL respectively. As can be seen from fig. 3, the edible bamboo charcoal and the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in embodiments 1 to 7 have less influence on the original flavor of the soybean milk when compared with the shaddock peel charcoal materials obtained in embodiments 1 to 7.
The results in Table 4 show that the adsorption rate of the edible bamboo charcoal to purine substances in the soybean milk is 47-48%, the adsorption rate of the purine substances in the soybean milk is the lowest (44-45%) in the embodiment 1 of the invention, and the adsorption effect of the purine substances in the soybean milk in the embodiments 2-7 is better than that of the edible bamboo charcoal; examples 3, 4, 6 and 7 all had an adsorption rate of more than 60% for purine substances in the soymilk. Therefore, the shaddock peel biochar material can effectively adsorb purine substances in soybean milk.
Claims (3)
1. The application of the charcoal adsorption purine material based on the shaddock peel in the purine adsorption is characterized in that the purine is purine in beer, and the preparation method of the charcoal adsorption purine material based on the shaddock peel comprises the following steps:
s1, separating white flocculent peel from yellow peel after cleaning shaddock peel, and drying the yellow peel by drying;
s2, carbonizing and grinding the dried yellow skin to obtain a charcoal adsorption purine material based on shaddock peel;
the carbonization temperature of the carbonization in the step S2 is 750 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2h.
2. The application of the charcoal adsorption purine material based on the shaddock peel in the purine adsorption is characterized in that the purine is purine in soybean milk, and the preparation method of the charcoal adsorption purine material based on the shaddock peel comprises the following steps:
s1, separating white flocculent pericarp from yellow epidermis after washing shaddock peel, drying the white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis, soaking the dried white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis in KOH solution, pouring alkali liquor, washing with deionized water respectively, and drying the washed white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis;
s2, carbonizing and grinding the dried white flocculent pericarp or yellow epidermis to obtain a charcoal adsorption purine material based on shaddock peel;
the carbonization temperature of the carbonization in the step S2 is 850 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2h.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of KOH solution is 1M and the soaking time is 24h.
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