CN115645446B - High-activity rhizoma panacis majoris decoction pieces and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-activity rhizoma panacis majoris decoction pieces and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-activity rhizoma panacis majoris decoction piece and a preparation method thereof, wherein the content of the rhizoma panacis majoris saponin IVa of the rhizoma panacis majoris decoction piece is more than or equal to 3.3%; the ginsenoside Ro content is 3.8% -5.0%. The method for preparing the ginseng decoction pieces comprises the following steps: fresh ginseng is sorted, fibrous roots are removed, then the fresh ginseng is washed, then sliced, pre-frozen, and finally vacuum freeze-dried to prepare the high-activity ginseng decoction pieces. The invention can reduce the decomposition and loss of the effective components to the minimum, and improve the activity of the medicinal effective components. In addition, the invention can better maintain the appearance quality, color and smell of the decoction pieces, and the dehydration is thorough, so that the preservation of the medicinal decoction pieces is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a high-activity ginseng decoction piece and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is the dried rhizome of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer or Panax pseudoginseng C.A. Meyer of Araliaceae, and has a shape of slightly oblate sphere, cone or irregular rhombus, and is even in the shape of a connected bead with a diameter of 0.5 cm-2.8 cm. The surface is brown or yellow brown, has obvious wart-shaped protrusions and wrinkles, has stem marks with round depressions, and has fine internodes remained on one side or two sides. Hard, uneven cross section, pale yellowish white and powdery. The plant is grown in the shade and wet places of broad-leaved shrubs, bamboo leaves, needle broad-leaved shrubs and hybrid shrubs, and is mainly distributed in Yunnan, shaanxi, sichuan, hubei, gansu, guizhou and other provinces in China, wherein the Yunnan is the main production place. Other countries have distributions such as japan, nephels, korea, etc.
The current drying method of the rhizoma panacis majoris comprises removing crude skin and fibrous root of fresh rhizoma panacis majoris, and drying in the sun or baking; or baking and drying after steaming (boiling), the method has the problems of long drying time, easy loss of active ingredients and secondary pollution, serious shrinkage after drying, easy mildew and rot in rainy days, and the like.
In recent years, new drying methods are gradually adopted for processing medicinal materials, wherein the vacuum freeze-drying technology is increasingly and widely applied to the processing of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces with the advantages of difficult deterioration, long-term storage, thorough dehydration, easy rehydration and regeneration, contribution to maintaining the activity of heat-sensitive components, reduction of volatile component loss and the like of the processed Chinese medicaments.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-activity ginseng decoction piece and a preparation method thereof, which are used for improving the content of active ingredients and the anticoagulation activity of ginseng.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-activity rhizoma Panacis Quinquefolii decoction piece, wherein the rhizoma Panacis Japonici saponin IVa content of the rhizoma Panacis Quinquefolii decoction piece is not less than 3.3%; the ginsenoside Ro content is more than or equal to 3.8%.
Preferably, the ginseng decoction pieces can obviously prolong PT and APTT values and obviously reduce FIB values.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-activity ginseng decoction pieces, which comprises the following steps: fresh ginseng is sorted, fibrous roots are removed, then the fresh ginseng is washed, then sliced, pre-frozen, and finally vacuum freeze-dried to prepare the high-activity ginseng decoction pieces.
Preferably, the slice thickness is 2-4mm; the pre-freezing temperature is-20 to-30 ℃, and the pre-freezing time is 1.5 to 3 hours.
Preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum freeze drying is 30-80Pa; the temperature of the vacuum freeze-drying separator is 35-60 ℃; the vacuum freeze drying time is 25-45 h.
As a further preferred mode, fresh ginseng is subjected to picking, trimming and fibrous root removal, then cleaning and slicing, slicing thickness is 3-9mm, pre-freezing for 1.5-2.5h at-25 ℃, placing in a vacuum freeze dryer, vacuum degree is 50-60Pa, partition temperature is 45-50 ℃, and drying time is 25-45 h, thus obtaining the high-activity ginseng decoction pieces.
The invention uses vacuum freeze drying technology to research the content and activity of the effective components in the ginseng with the slice thickness of the ginseng, the vacuum pressure of the vacuum freeze dryer and the temperature of the baffle plate, and optimizes the process to obtain the optimal process condition. The contents of the ginsenoside Iva and the ginsenoside Ro in the cut-off slices of the rhizoma panacis majoris by comparing three different drying methods of vacuum freeze drying, baking and sun drying. And testing the appearance characters and microstructure of the ginseng decoction pieces processed by three different drying modes of vacuum freeze drying, baking and sun drying by using a scanning electron microscope so as to comprehensively determine the quality of the ginseng. The in vitro anticoagulation effect of the dry mode is compared by adopting Prothrombin Time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) and Fibrinogen (FIB) experiments, so that theoretical reference and practical guidance are provided for the clinical application of the rhizoma panacis majoris.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the invention can reduce the decomposition and loss of the effective components to the minimum, and improve the activity of the medicinal effective components.
2. The invention can better maintain the appearance quality, color and smell of the decoction pieces, and the dehydration is thorough, so that the preservation of the medicinal decoction pieces is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a high performance liquid chromatogram of (a) a mixed control, (b) a sample; 1-ginsenoside Ro; 2-chikusetsusaponin IVa;
FIG. 2 shows the results of the different drying modes of the bead sample (a) vacuum freeze-drying, (b) oven drying, and (c) natural drying;
FIG. 3 SEM image of a sample of beads under different drying modes (a) vacuum freeze-drying, (b) oven drying, and (c) natural drying.
Detailed Description
The following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following technical scheme.
Example 1
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples, the scope of the invention being in no way limited to the examples. Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with one another arbitrarily without conflict.
The test methods in the following examples and comparative examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, are generally operated under conventional conditions, and sources of the non-specified test materials are commercially available, and the steps thereof will not be described in detail since they do not relate to the point of the invention.
Comparative example 1
(1) Sorting fresh ginseng; (2) removing fibrous roots; (3) cleaning; (4) slicing (3 mm); (5) drying (drying temperature: 45 ℃ C.); (6) decoction pieces of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
Comparative example 2
(1) Sorting fresh ginseng; (2) removing fibrous roots; (3) cleaning; (4) slicing (3 mm); (5) naturally drying; (6) decoction pieces of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
Example 1
A preparation method of fresh rhizoma Panacis Quinquefolii decoction pieces comprises the following steps:
(1) Sorting fresh ginseng; (2) removing fibrous roots; (3) clean water is adopted for cleaning; (4) slicing (3 mm); (5) prefreezing (-25 ℃,2 h); (6) Vacuum freeze drying (vacuum degree: 50Pa, partition temperature: 45deg.C, drying time: 25 h); (7) decoction pieces of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
Example 2
A preparation method of fresh rhizoma Panacis Quinquefolii decoction pieces comprises the following steps:
(1) Sorting fresh ginseng; (2) removing fibrous roots; (3) cleaning; (4) slicing (3 mm); (5) prefreezing (-25 ℃,2 h); (6) Vacuum freeze drying (vacuum degree: 50Pa, partition temperature: 50deg.C, drying time: 25 h); (7) decoction pieces of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
Example 3
A preparation method of fresh rhizoma Panacis Quinquefolii decoction pieces comprises the following steps:
(1) Sorting fresh ginseng; (2) removing fibrous roots; (3) cleaning; (4) slicing (3 mm); (5) prefreezing (-25 ℃,2 h); (6) Vacuum freeze drying (vacuum degree: 60Pa, partition temperature: 45deg.C, drying time: 25 h); (7) decoction pieces of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
Example 4
A preparation method of fresh rhizoma Panacis Quinquefolii decoction pieces comprises the following steps:
(1) Sorting fresh ginseng; (2) removing fibrous roots; (3) cleaning; (4) slicing (3 mm); (5) prefreezing (-25 ℃,2 h); (6) Vacuum freeze drying (vacuum degree: 60Pa, partition temperature: 50deg.C, drying time: 25 h); (7) decoction pieces of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
Example 5
1. Comparison of appearance and properties of decoction pieces of Panax quinquefolium
The dried slices of the ginseng with beads prepared in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2 are compared with each other in appearance, the vacuum freeze-dried decoction pieces are obviously whiter and natural than the dried and natural dried decoction pieces, the slices are smooth, the section characteristics are perfect, the authenticity of medicinal materials can be conveniently judged from the characteristics, the dried and natural dried decoction pieces are dull in color and curled, and the naturally dried decoction pieces also have blackening and deterioration phenomena, so that the difficulty in judging the authenticity of the medicinal materials from the characteristics is greater. The decoction pieces have better color and appearance, and are better in vacuum freeze-drying and commodity selling than the dried and naturally dried decoction pieces, as shown in figure 2.
2. Morphology contrast of scanning electron microscope
The dried slices of the ginseng beads prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) morphology comparison, the SEM image of the naturally dried sample showed a certain degree of shrinkage, accompanied by more microcracks and micro-voids, the dried sample had a compact structure due to a severe drying process at a higher temperature, and showed more severe shrinkage of tissue and collapse of cells, and the vacuum freeze-dried sample had less thermal damage, and no more shrinkage of tissue and collapse of cells were observed, so that the internal cells or tissue structures were preserved intact, indicating that the sensory quality of the ginseng bead pieces freeze-dried in vacuo was best shown in fig. 3.
3. In vitro anticoagulant Activity comparison
1.1 preparation of mouse plasma
The Kunming mice were harvested, blood was collected from the eyeballs, and the whole blood was added to a volume of 9:1 trisodium citrate with the concentration of 0.109mol/L is uniformly mixed, and is centrifuged, the centrifugation condition is 4 ℃,3500r/min and 15min, and the supernatant is collected for standby.
1.2 sample preparation
Vacuum freeze-dried, hot air dried and naturally dried bead ginseng samples prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were respectively pulverized and sieved with a 80-mesh sieve. Respectively weighing 10g of medicinal material powder, adding 100mL of 60% ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic extraction at room temperature for 30min, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, repeatedly extracting the residue for 2 times, mixing the extractive solutions, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain crude extracts of rhizoma Panacis Quinquefolii in different processing methods. Dissolving the 6 crude extracts with physiological saline to obtain solutions of 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 50.0mg/mL, and standing at 4deg.C.
1.3 in vivo anticoagulation Activity assay in mouse plasma
Blank group (normal saline), vacuum freeze drying, oven drying, and natural drying group are arranged. Physiological saline and sample solutions with different mass concentrations are taken and respectively added into 50 mu L of blood plasma, and PT, APTT and FIB values are measured in a hemagglutination instrument according to the steps of the instruction of the kit. The clotting process mainly consists of 3 phases, namely the formation of prothrombin activator, the conversion of prothrombin activation into thrombin, the conversion of fibrinogen into gelatinous fibrin. The activation of prothrombin is accomplished by both the endogenous and exogenous pathways. APTT and PT are common screening indexes for measuring functions of an internal and an external coagulation system, and FIB is a detection index of a 3 rd stage of coagulation.
The measurement results are shown in Table 1
From the external anticoagulation results in table 1, it can be seen that: compared with the blank group, except for the sun-dried bead ginseng, the PT and APTT values can be obviously prolonged by both drying and vacuum freeze-drying the bead ginseng, and the PT and APTT values of the 3 processed bead ginseng are consistent in size sequence, namely, vacuum freeze-drying > natural drying; of the 3 treated bead parameter samples, only vacuum freeze-dried bead parameter can significantly reduce the FIB value, and the other 2 treatment methods all improve the FIB value. Therefore, the external anticoagulation effect of the prepared ginseng bead freeze-dried tablet is higher than that of the ginseng bead decoction pieces prepared by the traditional method, and if the ginseng bead freeze-dried decoction pieces prepared by the method are selected for anticoagulation effect, the treatment effect of the ginseng bead freeze-dried decoction pieces is better than that of the ginseng bead decoction pieces treated by the traditional method.
Example 6
Detection of saponin content
1.1 instruments
LC-2030Plus type high performance liquid chromatograph, shimadzu corporation; meltler AL-104 electronic balance, meltler-tolido instruments (Shanghai) limited; KQ5200E type ultrasonic cleaner, kunshan ultrasonic instruments Co., ltd; 3K 15-high speed cryocentrifuge, sigma, germany; shanghai Ailang instruments Co., ltd; UPT-I-20T type ultra-pure water device of the Utility model series is manufactured by Ultrafiltration technology Co., ltd.
1.2 Standard, test sample, reagent
Standard substance: ginsenoside Ro (lot number wkq 21060109) is available from Weickqi Biotechnology Co., ltd. In Sichuan province, and Panax japonicus saponin IVA (lot number wkq 21053109) is available from Weickqi Biotechnology Co., ltd. In Sichuan province.
Test article: dried slices of the Panax ginseng beads prepared in examples and comparative examples.
Reagent: ethanol (analytically pure), acetonitrile (chromatographically pure).
2. Chromatographic conditions
Chromatographic column: pntulips RSZG-C18Plus,5 μm, 4.6X1250 chromatographic conditions;
the detection wavelength is 203nm;
the sample injection amount is 10 mu L;
the flow rate is 1mL/min;
column temperature was 30 ℃.
The mobile phase is acetonitrile (A) -0.2% phosphoric acid water (B);
TABLE 2 gradient of mobile phases
3. Control solution:
precisely weighing 0.8mg of a ginsenoside IVa standard product, 1.1mg of a ginsenoside Ro standard product, adding 60% ethanol, respectively, and preparing into mixed reference substance solutions with the concentrations of 0.8mg/ml and 1.1mg/ml, and diluting reference substance mother liquor into mixed reference substance solutions with the concentrations of the ginsenoside IVa of 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125mg/ml and the ginsenoside Ro of 1.1, 0.55, 0.275, 0.1375, 0.0688, 0.0344 and 0.0172 mg/ml.
4. Preparing a test sample solution:
the dried slices of the ginseng beads prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were crushed, sieved with a 80 mesh sieve, 0.1g was taken, precisely weighed, 60% ethanol was added for 30min, the supernatant was centrifuged, the filter residues were taken and the above extraction steps were repeated once, the filtrates were combined, and the filtrate was placed in a 25ml volumetric flask to constant volume. And (3) passing through a microporous filter membrane with the diameter of 0.22 mu m to prepare a sample solution.
5. And (3) detecting the content of saponin:
and detecting the mixed reference substance solution and the test sample solution by adopting the chromatographic conditions. Drawing a standard curve by taking the detection concentration (X) as an abscissa and the peak area (Y) as an ordinate: panax japonicus saponin IVa: y= 2841.3x-17.609 (R 2 =0.9999), linear range: 0.8 mg/mL-0.0125 mg/mL; ginsenoside Ro: y=3000000x+13484 (R 2 =0.9997), linear range 17.1875 to 1100.0000 μg/mL. The results showed good linearity.
The chromatogram is shown in figure 1; the detection results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 content of ginsenoside (n=3)
As can be seen from the results of the saponin contents in Table 3, the freeze-dried slices of Panax japonicus prepared in examples 1-4 of the present invention have a ginsenoside IVa content of 3.368% -4.045% which exceeds 3% specified in the pharmacopoeia, and the slices of Panax japonicus prepared in comparative examples 1, 2 have a saponin content lower than the requirements of the pharmacopoeia on the ginsenoside Iva content. The ginsenoside Ro content of the freeze-dried slices of the ginseng beads prepared in the embodiments 1-4 is 3.832% -4.944%, the sum of the two types of saponin is 7.20% -8.940%, and the ginsenoside Ro content in the slices prepared in the comparative examples 1 and 2 is lower than that of the slices prepared in the embodiments, so that the ginsenoside IVa and the ginsenoside Ro content of the freeze-dried slices of the ginseng beads prepared in the invention are higher than those of the freeze-dried slices of the ginseng beads prepared in the traditional method, the loss of the effective components of the freeze-dried slices of the ginseng beads is less, and the retention of the effective components is facilitated.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are described above, the embodiments are merely used to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. The preparation method of the ginseng decoction pieces is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
cleaning fresh rhizoma Panacis Quinquefolii, slicing with thickness of 2-4mm, pre-freezing at-25deg.C for 1.5-2.5 hr, vacuum lyophilizing at vacuum degree of 50-60Pa, baffle temperature of 45-50deg.C, and drying for 25-45 hr to obtain rhizoma Panacis Quinquefolii decoction pieces;
the content of the panax japonicus saponin IVa of the prepared rhizoma panacis majoris decoction pieces is more than or equal to 3.3 percent; the ginsenoside Ro content is 3.8% -5.0%.
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