CN115629240A - Phased array antenna directional pattern on-orbit testing method and device, electronic equipment and medium - Google Patents
Phased array antenna directional pattern on-orbit testing method and device, electronic equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN115629240A CN115629240A CN202211528991.1A CN202211528991A CN115629240A CN 115629240 A CN115629240 A CN 115629240A CN 202211528991 A CN202211528991 A CN 202211528991A CN 115629240 A CN115629240 A CN 115629240A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to an on-orbit test method, device, electronic device and storage medium for phased array antenna directional diagram, the method includes: determining the pitching angle and the beam orientation of a phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes the top; according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna, performing pitching test in the satellite transit process, and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the acquired first signal intensity data; and according to the beam direction set by the phased array antenna, performing direction test in the satellite transit process, and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the direction of the direction according to the acquired second signal intensity data. The test method tests the directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the in-orbit environment by using a real satellite, can reduce the environmental error, does not generate additional equipment cost, is easy to operate and reduces the complexity of test operation.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of satellite antenna communication technologies, and in particular, to an in-orbit test method and apparatus for a phased array antenna pattern, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Background
The on-orbit satellite experiences special environments from launching to operation, such as vibration, noise and impact in the launching stage, high vacuum, high and low temperature, microgravity, internal and external electromagnetic environments in the space operation stage, and the like, and the special environments may cause the characteristics of the satellite-borne phased array antenna to change, so that the directional diagram generates certain deviation relative to the ground test state. Geostationary orbit communication satellites have advantages in design and orbit for on-orbit pattern testing, but low-orbit satellite phased array antenna patterns have certain difficulties in on-orbit testing.
As a novel electric scanning antenna, an active phased array antenna has the advantages of high beam scanning speed, easiness in beam shaping, convenience in platform shape control and the like, and is increasingly paid attention to and widely applied to the field of practical engineering.
For how to perform on-orbit test on a phased array antenna directional pattern, the existing test method is mainly a method for measuring the phased array antenna directional pattern based on the ground environment before satellite transmission, but the on-satellite environment is complicated, the existing technology cannot be accurately suitable for the real environment of the on-orbit operation of the satellite, and cannot accurately measure the phased array directional pattern of the on-orbit satellite.
The above-described deficiencies are expected to be overcome by those skilled in the art and the above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the application and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a phased array antenna directional pattern on-orbit test control method, device, electronic device, and storage medium, and aims to solve the problem in the prior art that a phased array directional pattern of an on-orbit satellite cannot be accurately measured because the phased array antenna directional pattern cannot be accurately applied to a real environment in which the satellite operates on-orbit.
Other features and advantages of the present application will be apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
(II) technical scheme
To solve the above problem, in a first aspect, the present disclosure provides an in-orbit testing method for a phased array antenna pattern, the method comprising:
determining the pitching angle and the beam orientation of a phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes the top;
according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna, performing pitching test in the satellite transit process, and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the acquired first signal intensity data;
and according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, carrying out azimuth test in the satellite transit process, and determining an azimuth direction phased array antenna directional diagram according to the acquired second signal intensity data.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the determining the pitch angle and the beam azimuth of the phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes the top comprises:
when the satellite passes the top, the ground station measures to obtain the pitch angle of the satellite relative to the ground station at the moment that the satellite passes the top, and the pitch angle is determined;
and the on-board system calculates a beam position according to the elevation angle, wherein the beam position is used for representing the position of the satellite pointing to the ground station.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, further comprising:
determining the number of turns required by the pitching test and the azimuth test;
determining a pitch test circle for testing a pitch directional diagram and an azimuth test circle for testing an azimuth directional diagram in the required circles;
and determining the moment when the satellite passes through the highest elevation angle of the ground station in the pitch test circle and the azimuth test circle as the satellite over-top moment.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, performing a pitch test during a satellite transit according to the pitch angle set by the phased array antenna, and determining a pitch direction phased array antenna directional pattern according to the acquired first signal strength data includes:
after the satellite of the test circle enters the field in the first processing, the wave beam of the phased array antenna points to the ground station according to the wave beam direction and the pitching angle at the moment of the highest elevation angle and keeps fixed;
the ground station tracks the satellite, and a phased array antenna on the satellite is adjusted to the pitching angle;
in a pitching test circle, the satellite enters a tracking area of the ground station, the phased array antenna beam keeps the beam direction and the pitching angle injected in the first processing upper injection test circle pointing to the ground station to be fixed, and a pitching test downlink signal is sent out;
the method comprises the following steps that a ground station in a tracking area carries out tracking test on a satellite, and first signal intensity data are obtained through a pitching test downlink signal;
and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the first signal strength data and the basic information of the satellite, the position information of the ground station and the time.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, performing an azimuth test during a satellite transit according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, and determining the azimuth direction phased array antenna directional pattern according to the acquired second signal strength data includes:
after the test circle satellite enters the orbit in the second processing, the phased array antenna tracks and points to the ground station in the beam in the pitching direction, and the beam in the azimuth direction of the phased array antenna is scanned at a constant speed in a preset time period before and after the azimuth direction passes the top;
tracking a satellite by a ground station, and adjusting a phased array antenna on the satellite to a preset elevation angle;
in the azimuth test circle, the satellite enters a tracking area of the ground station, and the wave beam of the phased array antenna keeps the beam in the pitching direction injected in the second processing upper injection test circle to point to the ground station, so that the wave beam in the azimuth direction of the phased array antenna is scanned at a constant speed, and an azimuth test downlink signal is sent out;
the ground station in the tracking area performs tracking test on the satellite, and acquires second signal intensity data through the azimuth test downlink signal;
and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the azimuth direction according to the second signal strength data by combining basic information of the satellite, position information of the ground station and time.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the tracking elevation angle of the ground station is not less than 40 ° over the pitch test turn and/or the azimuth test turn.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the performing uniform scanning on the azimuth direction beam of the phased array antenna includes:
the azimuth direction wave beams of the phased array antenna are scanned at a uniform speed of +/-18 degrees along an XOZ plane of a satellite coordinate system.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure also provides an in-orbit testing apparatus for a phased array antenna pattern, the apparatus comprising:
the initialization module is used for determining the pitching angle and the beam direction of the phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes the top;
the pitching testing module is used for performing pitching testing in the satellite transit process according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna, and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the acquired first signal strength data;
and the azimuth test module is used for carrying out azimuth test in the satellite transit process according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, and determining an azimuth direction phased array antenna directional diagram according to the acquired second signal intensity data.
In a third aspect, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, including:
a processor;
a memory for storing executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to: and executing the executable instructions stored in the memory to realize the method.
In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure also provides a storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions, wherein the executable instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method steps as above.
(III) advantageous effects
In the phased array antenna directional pattern on-orbit testing method, the phased array antenna directional pattern on-orbit testing device, the electronic equipment and the storage medium, when a satellite is in an on-orbit operation, the pitching angle and the beam direction of the phased array antenna are configured, the pitching test and the direction test are carried out in the test cycle of the satellite process, and the pitching phased array antenna directional pattern and the direction phased array antenna directional pattern are determined. Because the directional diagram of the phased array antenna is tested in the in-orbit environment by using the real satellite, the environmental error can be reduced, the additional equipment cost is not generated, the operation is easy, and the complexity of the test operation is reduced.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be derived from those drawings by those skilled in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an in-orbit testing method for a phased array antenna pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a phased array antenna measured according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a measurement of a phased array antenna pattern provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a satellite passing a high elevation transit time in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a satellite orbital coordinate system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a phased array antenna pattern in-orbit testing method provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a satellite tilt angle relative to a ground station provided in another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a horizontal plane directional diagram and a vertical plane directional diagram in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 9-11 are schematic diagrams of a ground station and satellite signal relative to one another in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a phased array antenna pattern in-orbit testing apparatus in accordance with another exemplary embodiment;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a computer system of an electronic device according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts in the drawings, and thus, a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the application. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the subject matter of the present application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, and so forth. In other instances, well-known methods, devices, implementations, or operations have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the application.
The block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities only and do not necessarily correspond to physically separate entities. I.e. these functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor means and/or microcontroller means.
The flow charts shown in the drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all of the contents and operations/steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the order described. For example, some operations/steps may be decomposed, and some operations/steps may be combined or partially combined, so that the actual execution sequence may be changed according to the actual situation.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, a first component discussed below may be termed a second component without departing from the teachings of the present concepts. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the drawings are merely schematic representations of exemplary embodiments, and that the blocks or flowchart illustrations in the drawings are not necessarily required to practice the present application and, therefore, should not be considered to limit the scope of the present application.
For the measurement of the directional diagram of the large spherical phased array antenna, in the related embodiment of the invention, the on-orbit test method of the directional diagram of the phased array antenna is divided into two types: firstly, under the environment of a microwave darkroom, the amplitude and phase distribution of an antenna near field are measured by using an antenna near field measurement system, and the far field performance of the antenna is calculated by using near field test data, so that the measurement of an antenna directional pattern is completed. However, this method requires the microwave chamber to be built to coincide with the near-field direction of the antenna, and the cost for building the near-field measurement system is high. And secondly, under a free space test environment, an auxiliary antenna is arranged on a far-field calibration tower frame, a three-axis turntable is arranged to drive the antenna to be tested to rotate at a constant speed mechanically, and far-field directional pattern data are obtained in a mechanical scanning mode. This method also requires an antenna to be erected and a turntable to cooperate, which also results in higher construction costs.
Therefore, the on-orbit test method for the phased array antenna directional diagram in the related embodiment can not truly simulate the on-orbit actual operation environment, so that the measurement result is inaccurate, or the cost is high.
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a system for measuring a three-dimensional directional diagram of a full-space phased array antenna, which can overcome the defects that the measurement of the directional diagram of the antenna is completed by calculating the far-field performance of the antenna through near-field test data, and the superposition cost of the microwave darkroom and the near-field direction of the antenna is very high.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of steps of an on-track test method for a phased array antenna pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, in step S11, the elevation angle and the beam azimuth of the phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes through the top are determined;
as shown in fig. 1, in step S12, according to the pitch angle set by the phased array antenna, performing a pitch test during a satellite transit, and determining a phased array antenna directional pattern in a pitch direction according to the acquired first signal strength data;
as shown in fig. 1, in step S13, an azimuth test is performed during the satellite transit according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, and an azimuth direction phased array antenna directional pattern is determined according to the acquired second signal strength data.
Based on the method provided by the embodiment, the real on-orbit environment of the satellite is utilized, and the signal intensity data is obtained based on the ground station and the on-orbit satellite in the measurement circle, so that the pitching direction phased array antenna directional diagram and the azimuth direction phased array antenna directional diagram are determined, the environment error can be reduced, and the problem of equipment cost caused by building a microwave darkroom does not exist in the test method.
The following describes a specific implementation of the phased array antenna pattern on-track test method with reference to several embodiments based on fig. 1:
in step S11, the pitch angle and beam azimuth of the phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite is over the top are determined.
In the step, an on-orbit test needs to be carried out on a directional diagram of the phased array antenna on the satellite, and some characteristics of the phased array antenna need to be utilized. The key devices of the phased array antenna are a phase shifter and an antenna radiation unit, and the phased array antenna also comprises an antenna array surface, a feed line network, a corresponding control circuit and the like, and the antenna with the shape of a directional diagram can be changed by controlling the feed phase of the radiation unit in the array antenna. The control phase can change the direction of the maximum value of the antenna pattern so as to achieve the purpose of beam scanning. Side lobe levels, minimum location and overall pattern shape can also be controlled. The phase shifter is divided into a continuous phase shifter and a digital phase shifter, and the phase is controlled by using an electronic computer in the embodiment of the disclosure, so that the rapid change of the phase, namely the rapid change of the maximum directivity of an antenna directional diagram or other parameters can be realized.
The phase distribution of the phased array antenna is mainly determined according to the wave beam requirement, the maximum scanning range of a planar phased array is a cone of +/-60 degrees, and the wave beam angle width of the phased array antenna carried on a satellite can reach 7 to 10 degrees.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the determining the pitch angle and the beam azimuth of the phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes through the top in step 11 includes:
when the satellite passes the top, the ground station measures to obtain the pitch angle of the satellite relative to the ground station at the moment that the satellite passes the top, and the pitch angle is determined;
and the on-board system calculates a beam position according to the elevation angle, wherein the beam position is used for representing the position of the satellite pointing to the ground station.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, further comprising:
first, the turns required for the pitch test and the azimuth test are determined, for example, 2 turns are required for the first turn and the second turn during the pitch test, and 2 turns are required for the third turn and the fourth turn during the azimuth test.
And secondly, determining a pitching test circle for testing a pitching directional diagram and an azimuth test circle for testing an azimuth directional diagram in the required circles, wherein the first circle and the third circle are respectively used for processing and annotating the satellite, and the second circle and the fourth circle are respectively used for measuring and are respectively called as the pitching test circle and the azimuth test circle.
And finally, determining the moment when the satellite passes through the highest elevation angle of the ground station in the pitching test circle and the azimuth test circle as the satellite over-top moment.
In step S12, a pitching test is performed during the satellite transit according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna, and a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction is determined according to the acquired first signal strength data.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, performing a pitching test during a satellite transit process according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna in step S12, and determining a pitching direction phased array antenna pattern according to the obtained first signal strength data includes:
after the satellite of the test circle enters the field in the first processing, the wave beam of the phased array antenna points to the ground station according to the wave beam direction and the pitching angle at the moment of the highest elevation angle and keeps fixed;
the ground station tracks the satellite, and a phased array antenna on the satellite is adjusted to the pitching angle;
in the pitching test circle, the satellite enters a tracking area of the ground station, the phased array antenna beam keeps the beam direction and the pitching angle injected in the first processing upper injection test circle pointing to the ground station to be fixed, and a pitching test downlink signal is sent out;
the method comprises the steps that a ground station in a tracking area carries out tracking test on a satellite, and first signal intensity data are obtained through a pitching test downlink signal;
and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the first signal strength data and the basic information of the satellite, the position information of the ground station and the time.
In step S13, an azimuth test is performed during the satellite transit according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, and an azimuth phased array antenna directional pattern is determined according to the acquired second signal strength data.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the performing an azimuth test during the satellite transit according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna in step S13, and determining the azimuth direction phased array antenna directional pattern according to the acquired second signal strength data includes:
after the test circle satellite enters the orbit in the second processing, the phased array antenna tracks and points to the ground station in the beam in the pitching direction, and the beam in the azimuth direction of the phased array antenna is scanned at a constant speed in a preset time period before and after the azimuth direction passes the top;
the ground station tracks the satellite, and a phased array antenna on the satellite is adjusted to a preset elevation angle;
in the azimuth test circle, the satellite enters a tracking area of the ground station, the wave beam of the phased array antenna keeps the pitching direction wave beam injected in the second processing upper injection test circle to point to the ground station, so that the azimuth direction wave beam of the phased array antenna is scanned at a constant speed, and an azimuth test downlink signal is sent out;
the ground station in the tracking area performs tracking test on the satellite, and acquires second signal intensity data through the azimuth test downlink signal;
and determining the directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the azimuth direction according to the second signal strength data by combining the basic information of the satellite, the position information of the ground station and the time.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the tracking elevation angle of the ground station is not less than 40 ° in the pitch test round of step S12 and/or the azimuth test round of step S13.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the performing of uniform scanning on the azimuth direction beam of the phased array antenna in step S13 includes:
the azimuth direction wave beams of the phased array antenna are scanned at a uniform speed of +/-18 degrees along an XOZ plane of a satellite coordinate system.
The on-orbit testing method is used for measuring based on a ground environment, and specifically, the on-orbit testing method is used for measuring based on a specific angle by arranging a ground station on the ground of the satellite phased array antenna. The method of fig. 1 is illustrated with reference to a specific example below:
fig. 2 is a perspective directional diagram of the phased array antenna obtained by the measurement provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, which respectively represents a pitch angle, an azimuth angle, and a directional diagram. Fig. 3 is a measurement result of a phased array antenna pattern provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the abscissa is a phase angle, and the ordinate is an amplitude intensity.
The testing principle is that the relative position movement and the relative change of the beam direction of the satellite phased array antenna and the ground station antenna are utilized, the signal level is received through the ground station or the external spectrometer equipment is connected, the intensity change of the received signal is obtained, and the directional diagram of the in-orbit satellite phased array antenna is obtained.
Preparation work before testing: the ground station equipment is connected to the frequency spectrograph, and the measured signal intensity is obtained and a directional diagram is formed by utilizing the satellite transit time. Before the test is started, firstly, manually setting the sweep width of a spectrum analyzer to be 0; setting the scanning time of a spectrum analyzer as an antenna pulse period; by reasonably setting the resolution bandwidth, the background noise of the spectrum analyzer can be ensured to be smaller than the far side lobe value of the antenna.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a satellite passing through a high elevation angle in an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, when the highest elevation angle is α. For the description of the satellite position, a satellite orbit coordinate system is adopted, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the satellite orbit coordinate system in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, O is a centroid of a satellite, X is a radial direction, Y is a tangential direction, Z is a normal direction, and all of the three directions XYZ are radial directions, tangential directions, and normal directions set with a satellite orbit as a reference.
The parameters of the satellite phased array antenna are set, the parameters comprise a beam angle and a pitching direction, the beam angle is an angle pointing to a ground station at the moment of passing the top, the beams are kept fixed at preset time before and after passing the top, the beam in the pitching direction sweeps the ground station antenna by utilizing the orbital motion of the satellite, the strength change of a received signal is obtained, and a directional diagram of the satellite phased array antenna in the pitching direction is obtained.
By arranging the satellite phased array antenna, the beam angle pitching direction is tracked and points to the test ground station, the phased array azimuth beam is scanned at a uniform speed of +/-18 degrees along the XOZ surface from the preset time before the test ground station passes the top to the preset time after the test ground station passes the top, the azimuth beam sweeps the ground station antenna, and the ground station obtains the intensity change of a received signal to obtain an azimuth phased array antenna directional diagram.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of an in-orbit testing method for a phased array antenna pattern provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 6, specifically including three stages:
the first stage is as follows: pre-test phase
Step S601, before testing, coordinating a satellite tracking plan, and arranging four circles, wherein two circles are needed for a pitch directional diagram test and a direction directional diagram test respectively.
Step S602, respectively calculating the time when the satellite passes through the highest elevation angle of the ground station and the beam azimuth and the elevation angle of the phased array antenna pointing to the ground station at the time.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a pitch angle of a satellite relative to a ground station according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, at a time when the satellite passes through the top, a highest elevation angle of the ground station and a pitch angle of the satellite relative to the ground station are provided, where an elevation angle α of the ground station is equal to a pitch angle γ of the satellite relative to the ground station, and the highest elevation angle of the ground station is calculated according to orbit prediction data downloaded from the satellite and longitude and latitude information of the ground station. The specific calculation method is as follows:
acquiring longitude phi 1 of a ground station and latitude beta of the ground station, and acquiring orbit longitude phi 2 when a satellite passes the top;
calculating to obtain a ground station tracking azimuth angle A and a ground station tracking pitch angle E according to the longitude phi 1, the latitude beta and the rail position longitude phi 2;
and determining the beam angle and the pitch direction according to the ground station tracking azimuth angle A and the ground station tracking pitch angle E.
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, A is the tracking azimuth angle of the ground station, E is the tracking pitch angle of the ground station, phi 1 is the longitude (°) of the ground station, phi 2 is the orbit position longitude (°) of the satellite, and beta is the latitude (°) of the ground station.
And S603, setting the state of the satellite, namely setting the satellite in a normal working mode, ensuring stable attitude and having the condition of injecting test ring phased array antenna pointing control data.
It should be noted that, when the ground station tracks the satellite time period, the satellite may download the telemetry data, which includes basic data of the satellite platform, such as basic guarantee conditions of power supply, voltage, temperature, and the like, and also includes relevant on-satellite operating state parameters of satellite orbit data and the like, and the basic data of the satellite platform is used as a basic support for on-satellite state adjustment, and is used for determining state conditions of whether the power supply is sufficient, whether the temperature is normal, and the like.
And a second stage: pitch test phase
And S604, performing pitch test on the previous circle, and after the satellite enters the upper injection test circle, pointing the phased array antenna beam to the azimuth and pitch angle of the test ground station at the highest elevation angle moment and keeping the azimuth and pitch angle constant.
Step S605, ground equipment state setting: and 5 minutes before tracking, the receiver is set according to the data transmission receiving state, and the antenna pointing test waits at the highest elevation angle of the circle.
Step S606, when the circle is tested in the pitching mode, the satellite enters a ground station tracking area, the wave beam of the phased array antenna keeps the injected direction and the pitching angle pointing direction fixed and unchanged, and downlink signals are transmitted.
Step S607, after the ground station starts tracking, monitoring and recording the data transmission signal intensity data received by the receiver according to the time sequence; and obtaining a satellite phased array pitching direction antenna directional diagram according to the recorded data transmission signal intensity data, satellite orbit data, attitude data, ground station site and time relation.
In the step, the tracking elevation angle alpha of the ground station in the test circle is selected to be more than 40 degrees, so that the influence of the ground clutter received by the ground station and the multipath interference of satellite signals is reduced.
And a third stage: orientation testing phase
And step S608, processing control data of constant-speed scanning of phased array azimuth beams along the XOZ surface at +/-18 degrees by tracking the elevation direction of the phased array antenna beams after the satellite enters the test ground station in the upper injection test circle and by respectively 3 minutes before and after the azimuth direction passes the top.
The transmitting frequency band of the currently common phased array antenna is the S/X frequency band. In electromagnetic wave communication, the higher the frequency, the narrower the beam. The S/X frequency band belongs to a high-frequency band, and the wave beam is narrow. The beam width of the signal refers to an included angle between two directions of reducing the radiation power by 3dB at two sides of the maximum radiation direction, and the problems of beam width control and scanning signal amplitude control of scanning signals of a scanning signal part are solved.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal plane pattern and a vertical plane pattern in another embodiment of the present invention. The beam width is divided into a horizontal beam width and a vertical beam width, and is defined as follows:
the horizontal beam width refers to an included angle of two directions in which the radiation power is reduced by 3dB on two sides of the maximum radiation direction in the horizontal direction;
vertical beam width: in the vertical direction, the radiation power is reduced by the included angle of two directions of 3dB at two sides of the maximum radiation direction.
The main lobe part of the wave beam has strong signals, and for the transmission of high-frequency wave band S/X frequency band signals, the angle of the main lobe wave beam is 2 to 10 degrees, so that the angle of wave beam scanning in the step S609 is selected to be 18 degrees, the main lobe wave number range is covered as far as possible, and the wave beam scanning range of the phased array antenna is set to be +/-18 degrees, so that the ground station can be fully ensured to cover the signal edge range as far as possible.
Fig. 9-11 are schematic diagrams of ground station and satellite signals relative to each other according to another embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a process of beam change during signal beam shifting, where fig. 9 is a schematic diagram when an antenna beam scanning angle is 0 °, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram when an antenna beam scanning angle is 18 °, and fig. 11 is a schematic diagram when an antenna beam scanning angle is-18 °.
Step S609, ground equipment state setting: the receiver is set according to the data transmission receiving state 5 minutes before tracking, and the antenna pointing test waits at the circle following elevation angle (generally 7 degrees). In the step, the tracking of the starting elevation angle from the lowest 7 degrees can be considered, the 7-degree starting is generally selected for telemetering tracking, the 10-degree starting is required for data transmission tasks with higher data quality requirements, the range of the starting elevation angle can be 7 to 10 degrees, and the method is suitable for all ground station tracking tasks.
And S610, when the satellite enters a ground station tracking area in the azimuth test, the phased array antenna tracks and tests the ground station according to the beam in the pitching direction of the phased array antenna injected into the satellite, the beam in the azimuth direction enables the phased array to scan at a constant speed of +/-18 degrees along the XOZ plane, and downlink signals are transmitted.
Step S611, after the ground station starts tracking, monitoring and recording the data transmission signal intensity data received by the receiver according to a time sequence; and obtaining the directional pattern of the satellite phased array azimuth direction antenna according to the recorded data transmission signal intensity data, satellite orbit data, attitude data, the station address of the ground station and the time relation.
The station address of the ground station in the step S607 and the step S611 is longitude, latitude and elevation information of the ground station, and the time relationship refers to a relationship that the intensity of the signal transmitted by the antenna changes at different times due to different lateral swing angles of the antenna along the satellite moving track.
It should be noted that, the elevation direction antenna azimuth pattern and the azimuth direction antenna directional pattern of the phased array antenna on the satellite both refer to the signal pattern of the signal intensity transmitted by the satellite antenna, and the signal intensity is related to the parameters of satellite orbit data, attitude data, ground station site and time relationship, but the size of the directional pattern is not determined by the parameters, but is the signal intensity controlled by the beam control system on the satellite. These parameters may also be used as reference conditions for determining the pattern difference.
In summary, by adopting the above method, in the in-orbit operation of the satellite, the pitch angle and the beam direction of the phased array antenna are configured, and the pitch test and the direction test are performed in the test cycle of the satellite process, so as to determine the pitch direction phased array antenna directional pattern and the direction phased array antenna directional pattern. The method combines the ground station to measure the signal intensity of the antenna, and has higher operability and application value. Because the directional diagram of the phased array antenna is tested in the in-orbit environment by using the real satellite, the environmental error can be reduced, the additional equipment cost is not generated, the operation is easy, and the complexity of the test operation is reduced.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps implementing the above embodiments are implemented as computer programs executed by a CPU. When executed by the CPU, performs the functions defined by the methods provided herein. The program of (a) may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, which may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, or the like.
Furthermore, it should be noted that the above-mentioned figures are only schematic illustrations of the processes involved in the method according to exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to be limiting. It will be readily understood that the processes shown in the above figures are not intended to indicate or limit the chronological order of the processes. In addition, it is also readily understood that these processes may be performed, for example, synchronously or asynchronously in multiple modules.
The following are embodiments of the disclosed apparatus that may be used to perform embodiments of the methods of the present application. For details which are not disclosed in the embodiments of the apparatus of the present application, reference is made to the embodiments of the method of the present application.
Corresponding to the method of fig. 1, fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of an in-orbit testing apparatus for phased array antenna patterns according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 12, the apparatus includes: an initialization module 121, a pitch test module 122, and an azimuth test module 123.
The initialization module 121 is configured to determine a pitch angle and a beam position of a phased array antenna on a satellite when the satellite passes through the top; the pitching testing module 122 is configured to perform a pitching test in the satellite transit process according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna, and determine a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in a pitching direction according to the acquired first signal strength data; the azimuth test module 123 is configured to perform azimuth test in the satellite transit process according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, and determine an azimuth direction phased array antenna directional pattern according to the obtained second signal strength data.
The utility model also provides an on-orbit test system of phased array antenna directional diagram, including satellite and ground station on orbit, satellite on orbit carries on the phased array antenna, and ground station external connection frequency spectrograph equipment.
In another aspect, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, where the memory stores operating instructions for the processor to control the following method:
determining the pitching angle and the beam orientation of a phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes the top;
according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna, performing pitching test in the satellite transit process, and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the acquired first signal intensity data;
and according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, carrying out azimuth test in the satellite transit process, and determining an azimuth direction phased array antenna directional diagram according to the acquired second signal intensity data.
Referring now to FIG. 13, shown is a schematic block diagram of a computer system 400 suitable for use in implementing an electronic device as provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device shown in fig. 13 is merely an example, and should not bring any limitation to the functions and the use range of the embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 13, the computer system 400 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 401 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes in accordance with a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 402 or a program loaded from a storage section 407 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 403. In the RAM 403, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the system 400 are also stored. The CPU 401, ROM 402, and RAM 403 are connected to each other via a bus 404. An input/output (I/O) interface 405 is also connected to bus 404.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface 405: an input portion 406 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output section 407 including a display device such as a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and the like, and a speaker; a storage section 408 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 409 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 409 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. A driver 410 is also connected to the I/O interface 405 as needed. A removable medium 411 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 410 as necessary, so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted into the storage section 408 as necessary.
In particular, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the method illustrated in the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication section 409 and/or installed from the removable medium 411. The above-described functions defined in the system of the present application are executed when the computer program is executed by a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 401.
It should be noted that the storage media described herein can be either computer-readable signal media or computer-readable media or any combination of the two. A computer readable medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this application, a computer readable medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this application, however, a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, fiber optic cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The units described in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by software or hardware. The described units may also be provided in a processor, where the names of these units do not in some cases constitute a limitation of the unit itself.
In another aspect, the present disclosure also provides a storage medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or may exist separately without being assembled into the electronic device. The storage medium carries one or more programs which, when executed by an electronic device, cause the electronic device to include the method steps of:
determining the pitching angle and the beam orientation of a phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes the top;
according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna, performing pitching test in the satellite transit process, and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the acquired first signal intensity data;
and according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, carrying out azimuth test in the satellite transit process, and determining an azimuth direction phased array antenna directional diagram according to the acquired second signal intensity data.
It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical lines and features of the present disclosure, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present disclosure and implement the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above specific embodiments. It is intended that all such alterations and modifications that fall within the spirit and scope of the claims be embraced thereby.
Claims (10)
1. An in-orbit testing method for a phased array antenna pattern, the method comprising:
determining the pitching angle and the beam orientation of the phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes through the top;
according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna, performing pitching test in the satellite transit process, and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the acquired first signal intensity data;
and according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, carrying out azimuth test in the satellite transit process, and determining an azimuth direction phased array antenna directional diagram according to the acquired second signal intensity data.
2. The phased array antenna pattern in-orbit testing method of claim 1, wherein the determining the elevation angle and the beam orientation of the phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite is over the top comprises:
when the satellite passes the top, the ground station measures to obtain the pitch angle of the satellite relative to the ground station at the moment that the satellite passes the top, and the pitch angle is determined;
and the on-board system calculates a beam position according to the elevation angle, wherein the beam position is used for representing the position of the satellite pointing to the ground station.
3. The phased array antenna pattern in-orbit testing method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining the circles required by the pitching test and the azimuth test;
determining a pitch test circle for testing a pitch directional diagram and an azimuth test circle for testing an azimuth directional diagram in the required circles;
and determining the moment when the satellite passes through the highest elevation angle of the ground station in the pitch test circle and the azimuth test circle as the satellite over-top moment.
4. The phased array antenna pattern in-orbit testing method of claim 3, wherein performing a pitch test during a satellite transit according to the pitch angle set by the phased array antenna, determining a pitch phased array antenna pattern from the acquired first signal strength data comprises:
after the satellite of the test circle enters the field in the first processing, the wave beam of the phased array antenna points to the ground station according to the wave beam direction and the pitching angle at the moment of the highest elevation angle and keeps fixed;
the ground station tracks the satellite, and a phased array antenna on the satellite is adjusted to the pitching angle;
in the pitching test circle, the satellite enters a tracking area of the ground station, the phased array antenna beam keeps the beam direction and the pitching angle injected in the first processing upper injection test circle pointing to the ground station to be fixed, and a pitching test downlink signal is sent out;
the method comprises the following steps that a ground station in a tracking area carries out tracking test on a satellite, and first signal intensity data are obtained through a pitching test downlink signal;
and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the first signal strength data by combining basic information of the satellite, position information of the ground station and time.
5. The phased array antenna pattern in-orbit testing method of claim 3, wherein performing azimuth tests during satellite transit according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, and determining the azimuth phased array antenna pattern from the acquired second signal strength data comprises:
after the test circle satellite enters the orbit in the second processing, the phased array antenna tracks and points to the ground station in the beam in the pitching direction, and the beam in the azimuth direction of the phased array antenna is scanned at a constant speed in a preset time period before and after the azimuth direction passes the top;
the ground station tracks the satellite, and a phased array antenna on the satellite is adjusted to a preset elevation angle;
in the azimuth test circle, the satellite enters a tracking area of the ground station, and the wave beam of the phased array antenna keeps the beam in the pitching direction injected in the second processing upper injection test circle to point to the ground station, so that the wave beam in the azimuth direction of the phased array antenna is scanned at a constant speed, and an azimuth test downlink signal is sent out;
the ground station performs tracking test on the satellite in the tracking area, and acquires second signal intensity data through the azimuth test downlink signal;
and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the azimuth direction according to the second signal strength data by combining basic information of the satellite, position information of the ground station and time.
6. The phased array antenna pattern in-orbit testing method of claim 3, wherein the ground station tracking elevation is no less than 40 ° in the pitch test round and/or the azimuth test round.
7. The phased array antenna pattern in-orbit testing method of claim 5, wherein the constant scanning of the azimuth direction beam of the phased array antenna comprises:
the azimuth direction wave beams of the phased array antenna are scanned at a uniform speed of +/-18 degrees along an XOZ plane of a satellite coordinate system.
8. An in-orbit testing device for a phased array antenna pattern, comprising:
the initialization module is used for determining the pitching angle and the beam direction of the phased array antenna on the satellite when the satellite passes the top;
the pitching testing module is used for performing pitching testing in the satellite transit process according to the pitching angle set by the phased array antenna, and determining a directional diagram of the phased array antenna in the pitching direction according to the acquired first signal strength data;
and the azimuth test module is used for carrying out azimuth test in the satellite transit process according to the beam azimuth set by the phased array antenna, and determining an azimuth direction phased array antenna directional diagram according to the acquired second signal intensity data.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to: executing the executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the method of any one of claims 1-7.
10. A storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, wherein the executable instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method of any one of claims 1-7.
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