CN115627426A - Driving motor shaft material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents

Driving motor shaft material and preparation process thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115627426A
CN115627426A CN202211252967.XA CN202211252967A CN115627426A CN 115627426 A CN115627426 A CN 115627426A CN 202211252967 A CN202211252967 A CN 202211252967A CN 115627426 A CN115627426 A CN 115627426A
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Prior art keywords
steel
driving motor
cooling
motor shaft
shaft material
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CN202211252967.XA
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江崇阳
王星
余昳
程伟胜
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Anqing TP Goetze Piston Ring Co Ltd
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Anqing TP Goetze Piston Ring Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Abstract

The invention discloses a driving motor shaft material and a preparation process thereof, wherein the driving motor shaft material is prepared from Chang 'e steel and auxiliary materials, and the Chang' e steel and the auxiliary materials are in a mass ratio of (6-9): 1; the preparation process of the driving motor shaft material comprises the following steps: s1, smelting molten steel, and then casting to obtain a cast ingot; s2, forging the cast ingot to obtain a steel billet; s3, carrying out spheroidizing annealing treatment on the steel billet to obtain an annealed steel billet; and S4, quenching and tempering the annealed steel billet to obtain a final steel billet, wherein the motor shaft can be used for a long time in some environments with harsh road conditions, so that the mechanical strength of the motor shaft is effectively improved, the use requirement is well met, the use range of the drive motor shaft of the new energy automobile is expanded, and the motor shaft is very beneficial to use.

Description

Driving motor shaft material and preparation process thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of driving motor shafts, in particular to a driving motor shaft material and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The motor shaft of the new energy driving motor is used as a key part in the whole power system, plays roles in fixing a rotor core and transmitting force, and directly determines the performance of the power system of the new energy automobile according to the performance of the motor shaft.
The hollow shaft of the existing new energy automobile driving motor is mainly made of alloy steel materials, the magnetic conductivity of the existing materials is high, the materials are easy to magnetize, residual magnetism exists in the machining process of No. 45 steel, demagnetization is needed, magnetization can possibly cause that a rotor winding, a rotor iron core and a guard ring are burnt by short-circuited direct current, and meanwhile, a magnetic circuit is asymmetric due to partial short-circuited turns, so that the vibration of a motor assembly is increased, and even the magnetization of a rotor body is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a driving motor shaft material and a preparation process thereof; the following technical problems are solved:
the existing material has high magnetic permeability and is easier to magnetize, and in addition, steel such as No. 45 steel has residual magnetism in the processing process and needs demagnetization. The magnetization may cause the direct current passing through the winding, the rotor core and the guard ring to be burnt by short circuit, and meanwhile, the magnetic circuit is asymmetric due to partial short circuit turns, so that the vibration of the motor assembly is increased, and even the rotor body is magnetized.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a driving motor shaft material is prepared from ChangE steel and auxiliary materials, wherein the ChangE steel and the auxiliary materials are in a mass ratio of (6-9): 1;
wherein, according to the mass percent, the Chang' e steel comprises the following components: 1-1.5% of C, 55-85% of Fe, 1-5% of Cr, 2-7% of Mo, 1-6% of Co, 0.5-2% of Ni, 2-8% of V, 1-5% of W, 0.5-1% of Si and 0.5-2.5% of Mn; the balance of Cu and inevitable trace impurities; the inevitable trace impurities are mainly impurities carried by the raw materials, including Ca, as, sn, sb, pb and the like which are not artificially and actively added, but are introduced by impurities introduced by the raw materials or a preparation process;
the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 2-8% of manganese sulfide powder, 15-25% of vanadium, 3-7% of vinylene carbonate, 5-12% of zirconium dioxide, 4-7% of titanium oxide, 25-35% of molybdenum iron powder and the balance of iron-based powder;
preferably, the Chang' e steel comprises the following components: c1.2%, fe65%, cr2%, mo 5%, co 4%, ni 1%, V6%, W3%, si 0.8% and Mn 1.5%; the balance of Cu and inevitable trace impurities.
Preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise the following components: 5% of manganese sulfide powder, 20% of vanadium, 5% of vinylene carbonate, 8% of zirconium dioxide, 6% of titanium oxide, 30% of ferromolybdenum powder and the balance of iron-based powder.
A preparation process of a driving motor shaft material comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting molten steel, and then casting to obtain a cast ingot;
s2, forging the cast ingot to obtain a steel billet;
s3, spheroidizing annealing treatment is carried out on the steel billet to obtain an annealed steel billet;
and S4, quenching and tempering the annealed steel billet to obtain a final steel billet.
Preferably, the step S1 includes: the components of ChangE steel are put into an induction smelting furnace, and when the raw materials are dissolved clearly, the weight ratio of ChangE steel to the auxiliary materials is (6-9): 1, adding auxiliary materials in the proportion, carrying out vacuum melting, wherein the highest temperature of molten steel is 1570-1630 ℃, casting when the temperature is reduced to 1380-1450 ℃, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the ingot.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes: during vacuum melting, the vacuum degree is kept at 0-20Pa, and the carbon deoxidation time is at least 20 min.
Preferably, the step S2 includes: heating the ingot obtained in the step S1 to 1200-1500 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3h for homogenization, and then forging, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1080-1120 ℃; then obtaining a billet, and cooling the billet to room temperature in air.
Preferably, the step S2 further includes: before homogenization, argon is introduced into the smelting furnace to reach 10-20kPa.
Preferably, the step S2 further includes: when forging, the forging ratio is more than or equal to 3, after forging, intermittent water immersion is adopted, and water and air are discharged when the temperature is cooled to 600-650 ℃.
Preferably, the step S3 includes: and (3) putting the steel billet obtained in the step (S2) into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 900-1000 ℃, preserving heat, then heating to 1050-1150 ℃, carrying out heat preservation on a conveyer belt, finally cooling to 800-850 ℃, preserving heat, then cooling to 500-600 ℃, and finally taking out and air-cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the step S3 further includes: the annealing conditions are as follows: heating to 850-900 deg.C, maintaining for 3-6h, cooling to 720-780 deg.C, maintaining for 5-9h, cooling to below 550 deg.C at a cooling rate of 40 deg.C/h, and discharging.
Preferably, in the step S4, the quenching and tempering treatment is oil quenching and secondary tempering; wherein the quenching heating temperature is 800-850 ℃, and the tempering adopts low-temperature tempering, and the temperature is 200-300 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention improves the hardness and the strength of the steel by quenching and tempering, improves the grain fracture and the steel performance; the tensile strength is ensured, meanwhile, the excellent hydrogen corrosion resistance and fracture toughness are kept, and the steel impact toughness, stress set sensitivity, tensile strength and creep resistance meet the use requirements of severe working conditions, long service life and high reliability of the motor;
(2) The motor shaft can be used for a long time in some environments with severe road conditions, so that the mechanical strength of the motor shaft is effectively improved, the use requirement is well met, the use range of the driving motor shaft of the new energy automobile is expanded, and the motor shaft is very beneficial to use.
(3) The generator bearing material disclosed by the invention takes Chang' e steel as a main component, auxiliary materials are added to improve the strength and toughness of the bearing, zirconium dioxide is used for improving the toughness of the material, ferromolybdenum powder is used for reducing the magnetic conductivity, vanadium is used for improving the stability of the material, vinylene carbonate is used for improving the tension and viscosity of the surface of the material, and multiple metal elements are matched, so that the motor shaft material is high in strength, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and good in mechanical property.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation process of a driving motor shaft material comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting molten steel, and then casting to obtain a cast ingot;
the induction melting furnace is packed into with each component of Chang 'e steel to be specific, treats that the raw materials dissolves clearly, is 6 according to Chang' e steel and auxiliary material quality ratio: 1, adding auxiliary materials in proportion, carrying out vacuum melting, keeping the vacuum degree at 0Pa, carrying out carbon deoxidation for at least 20min, controlling the highest temperature of molten steel to 1570 ℃, carrying out casting when the temperature is reduced to 1380 ℃, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot;
goddess Chang's fly steel and auxiliary material preparation form, goddess Chang's fly steel is 6 according to the mass ratio with the auxiliary material: 1;
wherein, according to the mass percent, the Chang' e steel comprises the following components: c1%, fe55%, cr 1%, mo 2%, co 1%, ni 0.5%, V2%, W1%, si 0.5% and Mn 0.5%; the balance of Cu and inevitable trace impurities;
the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of manganese sulfide powder, 15% of vanadium, 3% of vinylene carbonate, 5% of zirconium dioxide, 4% of titanium oxide, 25% of molybdenum iron powder and the balance iron-based powder;
s2, forging the cast ingot to obtain a steel billet;
specifically, the ingot obtained in the step S1 is heated to 1200 ℃, argon is introduced into a smelting furnace to reach 10kPa, the temperature is kept for 2 hours for homogenization, and then forging is carried out, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1080 ℃; then obtaining a steel billet, air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the forging ratio is more than or equal to 3, soaking in water intermittently after forging, cooling to 600 ℃, and then discharging water and air-cooling;
s3, spheroidizing annealing treatment is carried out on the steel billet to obtain an annealed steel billet;
specifically, the steel billet obtained in the step S2 is placed into a heat treatment furnace, heated to 900 ℃, then kept warm, heated to 1050 ℃, conveyed by a belt, kept warm, finally cooled to 800 ℃, kept warm, cooled to 500 ℃, and finally taken out and air-cooled to room temperature;
the step S3 further includes: the annealing treatment conditions are as follows: heating to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, cooling to 720 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, cooling to below 550 ℃ at the cooling rate of 40 ℃/h, and discharging;
s4, quenching and tempering the annealed steel billet to obtain a final steel billet;
specifically, the quenching and tempering treatment comprises oil quenching and secondary tempering; wherein the quenching heating temperature is 800 ℃, the tempering adopts low-temperature tempering, and the temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 2
A preparation process of a driving motor shaft material comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting molten steel, and then casting to obtain an ingot;
the induction melting furnace is packed into with each component of Chang 'e steel to be specific, treats that the raw materials dissolves clearly, is 8 according to Chang' e steel and auxiliary material quality ratio: 1, adding auxiliary materials according to the proportion to carry out vacuum melting, keeping the vacuum degree at 10Pa, carrying out carbon deoxidation for at least more than 20min, carrying out casting when the highest temperature of molten steel is 1600 ℃ and the temperature is reduced to 1400 ℃, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot;
goddess Chang 'e steel and auxiliary material preparation form, goddess Chang' e steel is 6 with the auxiliary material according to the mass ratio: 1;
wherein, goddess Chang steel includes following component: 1.2% of C, 65% of Fe, 3% of Cr, 5% of Mo, 4% of Co, 1% of Ni, 5% of V, 3% of W, 0.8% of Si and 1.5% of Mn; the balance of Cu and inevitable trace impurities;
the auxiliary materials comprise the following components: 5% of manganese sulfide powder, 20% of vanadium, 5% of vinylene carbonate, 8% of zirconium dioxide, 6% of titanium oxide, 30% of ferromolybdenum powder and the balance of iron-based powder;
s2, forging the cast ingot to obtain a steel billet;
specifically, the ingot obtained in the step S1 is heated to 1300 ℃, argon is introduced into a smelting furnace to reach 15kPa, the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours, homogenization is carried out, and then forging is carried out, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1100 ℃; then obtaining a steel billet, air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the forging ratio is more than or equal to 3, adopting intermittent water immersion after forging, discharging water when cooling to 625 ℃, and air-cooling;
s3, carrying out spheroidizing annealing treatment on the steel billet to obtain an annealed steel billet;
specifically, the steel billet obtained in the step S2 is placed into a heat treatment furnace, heated to 950 ℃ and then subjected to heat preservation, then heated to 1100 ℃ and subjected to heat preservation by a conveying belt, finally cooled to 830 ℃ and subjected to heat preservation, then cooled to 550 ℃, and finally taken out and subjected to air cooling to room temperature;
the step S3 further includes: the annealing conditions are as follows: heating to 880 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, cooling to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 7h, cooling to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 40 ℃/h, and discharging;
s4, quenching and tempering the annealed steel billet to obtain a final steel billet;
specifically, the quenching and tempering treatment comprises oil quenching and secondary tempering; wherein the quenching heating temperature is 830 ℃, the tempering adopts low-temperature tempering, and the temperature is 250 ℃.
Example 3
A preparation process of a driving motor shaft material comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting molten steel, and then casting to obtain an ingot;
the induction melting furnace is packed into with each component of Chang 'e steel to be specific, treats that the raw materials dissolves clearly, is 9 according to Chang' e steel and auxiliary material quality ratio: 1, adding auxiliary materials in proportion, carrying out vacuum melting, keeping the vacuum degree at 20Pa, carrying out carbon deoxidation for at least 20min, controlling the highest temperature of molten steel at 1630 ℃, carrying out casting when the temperature is reduced to 1450 ℃, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a cast ingot;
goddess Chang's fly steel and auxiliary material preparation form, goddess Chang's fly steel is 6 according to the mass ratio with the auxiliary material: 1;
wherein, change r' e steel includes following component: 1.5% of C, 85% of Fe, 5% of Cr, 7% of Mo, 6% of Co, 2% of Ni, 8% of V, 5% of W, 1% of Si and 2.5% of Mn; the balance of Cu and inevitable trace impurities;
the auxiliary materials comprise the following components: 8% of manganese sulfide powder, 25% of vanadium, 7% of vinylene carbonate, 12% of zirconium dioxide, 7% of titanium oxide, 35% of molybdenum iron powder and the balance iron-based powder;
s2, forging the cast ingot to obtain a steel billet;
specifically, the ingot obtained in the step S1 is heated to 1500 ℃, argon is introduced into a smelting furnace to reach 20kPa, the temperature is kept for 3 hours for homogenization, and then forging is carried out, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1120 ℃; then obtaining a steel billet, air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the forging ratio is more than or equal to 3, adopting intermittent water immersion after forging, discharging water when cooling to 650 ℃, and air-cooling;
s3, carrying out spheroidizing annealing treatment on the steel billet to obtain an annealed steel billet;
specifically, the steel billet obtained in the step S2 is placed into a heat treatment furnace, heated to 1000 ℃, then kept warm, heated to 1150 ℃, conveyed by a belt, kept warm, finally cooled to 850 ℃, kept warm, cooled to 600 ℃, and finally taken out and air-cooled to room temperature;
the step S3 further includes: the annealing conditions are as follows: heating to 900 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, cooling to 780 ℃, preserving heat for 9h, cooling to below 550 ℃ at the cooling speed of 40 ℃/h, and discharging;
s4, quenching and tempering the annealed steel billet to obtain a final steel billet;
specifically, the quenching and tempering treatment comprises oil quenching and secondary tempering; wherein the quenching heating temperature is 850 ℃, the tempering adopts low-temperature tempering, and the temperature is 300 ℃.
Example 4
A preparation process of a driving motor shaft material comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting molten steel, and then casting to obtain an ingot;
the induction melting furnace is packed into with each component of Chang 'e steel to be specific, treats that the raw materials dissolves clearly, is 7 according to Chang' e steel and auxiliary material quality ratio: 1, adding auxiliary materials in proportion, carrying out vacuum melting, keeping the vacuum degree at 15Pa, carrying out carbon deoxidation for at least 20min, controlling the highest temperature of molten steel at 1600 ℃, carrying out casting when the temperature is reduced to 1400 ℃, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a cast ingot;
goddess Chang's fly steel and auxiliary material preparation form, goddess Chang's fly steel is 6 according to the mass ratio with the auxiliary material: 1;
wherein, change r' e steel includes following component: 1.4% of C, 75% of Fe, 2% of Cr, 3% of Mo, 7% of Co, 2% of Ni, 5% of V, 3% of W, 0.7% of Si and 1.8% of Mn; the balance of Cu and inevitable trace impurities;
the auxiliary materials comprise the following components: 6% of manganese sulfide powder, 22% of vanadium, 6% of vinylene carbonate, 10% of zirconium dioxide, 5% of titanium oxide, 32% of ferromolybdenum powder and the balance of iron-based powder;
s2, forging the cast ingot to obtain a steel billet;
specifically, the ingot obtained in the step S1 is heated to 1300 ℃, argon is introduced into a smelting furnace to reach 15kPa, the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours for homogenization, and then forging is carried out, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1110 ℃; then obtaining a steel billet, air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the forging ratio is more than or equal to 3, adopting intermittent water immersion after forging, discharging water when cooling to 635 ℃, and air-cooling;
s3, spheroidizing annealing treatment is carried out on the steel billet to obtain an annealed steel billet;
specifically, the steel billet obtained in the step S2 is placed into a heat treatment furnace, heated to 960 ℃, then subjected to heat preservation, heated to 1120 ℃, conveyed by a conveyer belt for heat preservation, finally cooled to 820 ℃, subjected to heat preservation, cooled to 560 ℃, and finally taken out and air-cooled to room temperature;
the step S3 further includes: the annealing treatment conditions are as follows: heating to 880 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, cooling to 760 ℃, preserving heat for 8h, cooling to below 550 ℃ at a cooling speed of 40 ℃/h, and discharging;
s4, quenching and tempering the annealed steel billet to obtain a final steel billet;
specifically, the quenching and tempering treatment comprises oil quenching and secondary tempering; wherein the quenching heating temperature is 820 ℃, the tempering adopts low-temperature tempering, and the temperature is 260 ℃.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from example 2 in that comparative example 1 does not add Chang's fly steel, and the rest is the same as example 2.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 2 in that comparative example 2 does not add an auxiliary material, and the rest is the same as example 2.
Test experiment
The steel billets prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 2 are used for performance test, and meanwhile, the same type of motor shaft materials in the market are selected as a comparison group, the comparison group material selects a stepping motor shaft material manufactured by Changzhou Effili intelligent machinery Co., ltd, then hardness test, impact resistance and magnetic permeability test are respectively carried out, and the test results of each group are recorded, wherein the test results are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0003888545880000091
Figure BDA0003888545880000101
in summary, the motor shaft materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 are significantly improved in hardness, maximum impact load to be applied, and magnetic permeability, compared to the motor shaft materials of comparative examples 1 to 2 and the comparative group.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The driving motor shaft material is characterized by being prepared from ChangE steel and auxiliary materials, wherein the ChangE steel and the auxiliary materials are in a mass ratio of (6-9): 1;
wherein, according to the mass percent, the Chang' e steel comprises the following components: 1-1.5% of C, 55-85% of Fe, 1-5% of Cr, 2-7% of Mo, 1-6% of Co, 0.5-2% of Ni, 2-8% of V, 1-5% of W, 0.5-1% of Si and 0.5-2.5% of Mn; the balance of Cu and inevitable trace impurities;
the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 2-8% of manganese sulfide powder, 15-25% of vanadium, 3-7% of vinylene carbonate, 5-12% of zirconium dioxide, 4-7% of titanium oxide, 25-35% of molybdenum iron powder and the balance of iron-based powder.
2. The material for the shaft of the driving motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ChangE steel comprises the following components: 1.2% of C, 65% of Fe, 2% of Cr, 5% of Mo, 4% of Co, 1% of Ni, 6% of V, 3% of W, 0.8% of Si and 1.5% of Mn; the balance being Cu and unavoidable trace impurities.
3. The drive motor shaft material according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary material comprises the following components: 5% of manganese sulfide powder, 20% of vanadium, 5% of vinylene carbonate, 8% of zirconium dioxide, 6% of titanium oxide, 30% of ferromolybdenum powder and the balance of iron-based powder.
4. A preparation process of a driving motor shaft material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, smelting molten steel, and then casting to obtain an ingot;
s2, forging the cast ingot to obtain a steel billet;
s3, spheroidizing annealing treatment is carried out on the steel billet to obtain an annealed steel billet;
and S4, quenching and tempering the annealed steel billet to obtain a final steel billet.
5. The manufacturing process of the shaft material of the driving motor according to claim 4, wherein the step S1 comprises: the components of ChangE steel are put into an induction smelting furnace, and when the raw materials are dissolved clearly, the weight ratio of ChangE steel to the auxiliary materials is (6-9): 1, adding auxiliary materials according to the proportion, carrying out vacuum melting, wherein the highest temperature of molten steel is 1570-1630 ℃, casting when the temperature is reduced to 1380-1450 ℃, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot.
6. The manufacturing process of the shaft material of the driving motor according to claim 5, wherein the step S1 further comprises: during vacuum melting, the vacuum degree is kept at 0-20Pa, and the carbon deoxidation time is at least 20 min.
7. The manufacturing process of the shaft material of the driving motor according to claim 6, wherein the step S2 comprises: heating the cast ingot obtained in the step S1 to 1200-1500 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3h for homogenization, and then forging, wherein the initial forging temperature is 1080-1120 ℃; then obtaining a billet, and cooling the billet to room temperature in air.
8. The manufacturing process of the shaft material of the driving motor according to claim 7, wherein the step S3 comprises: and (3) putting the steel billet obtained in the step (S2) into a heat treatment furnace, heating to 900-1000 ℃, preserving heat, then heating to 1050-1150 ℃, carrying out heat preservation on a conveyer belt, finally cooling to 800-850 ℃, preserving heat, then cooling to 500-600 ℃, and finally taking out and air-cooling to room temperature.
9. The manufacturing process of the shaft material of the driving motor according to claim 8, wherein the step S3 further comprises: the annealing conditions are as follows: heating to 850-900 deg.C, maintaining for 3-6h, cooling to 720-780 deg.C, maintaining for 5-9h, cooling to below 550 deg.C at a cooling rate of 40 deg.C/h, and discharging.
10. The manufacturing process of the shaft material of the driving motor according to claim 9, wherein in the step S4, the quenching and tempering treatment is oil quenching and secondary tempering; wherein the quenching heating temperature is 800-850 ℃, and the tempering adopts low-temperature tempering, and the temperature is 200-300 ℃.
CN202211252967.XA 2022-10-13 2022-10-13 Driving motor shaft material and preparation process thereof Withdrawn CN115627426A (en)

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Application publication date: 20230120