CN115627370A - Method for producing high-purity metal chromium by using electric arc furnace - Google Patents
Method for producing high-purity metal chromium by using electric arc furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing high-purity metal chromium by using an electric arc furnace, relating to the technical field of metal chromium production, and the method comprises the following steps of S1, preparing a sodium chromate solution with the pH value of 1.0-2.0; s2, obtaining a chromic oxide product by utilizing a reduction reaction at the temperature of 500-600 ℃; s3, reacting the chromium oxide product with high-purity aluminum powder in an electric arc furnace; s4, taking out the metal chromium, and cleaning waste residues; s5, crushing the metal chromium, and then performing degassing reaction for 3-4 hours to obtain the high-purity metal chromium. The invention relates to a method for producing high-purity metal chromium by using an electric arc furnace, which can control the reaction rate at will, effectively reduce impurities in raw materials, obtain a chromium oxide product with obviously better purity in subsequent operation, and further reduce impurities in the metal chromium, thereby obtaining better high-purity metal chromium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal chromium production, in particular to a method for producing high-purity metal chromium by using an electric arc furnace.
Background
Chromium metal is an important industrial basic raw material and is widely applied to the fields of hard alloy, high-temperature alloy, aluminum alloy, special alloy, welding electrode, surface treatment, thermal spraying and the like. The production method of metal chromium mainly includes two methods, i.e. thermite method and electrolytic method, and in addition, it also includes electro-silicothermic method, electro-thermite method and chromium oxide vacuum carbon reduction method.
The thermit method is used for producing metal chromium blocks which meet the national standard, the content of the metal chromium is between 98.5 and 99.5 percent, and the electrolytic method is used for producing metal chromium sheets with higher purity, so that the electrolytic method has the advantages that the purity is very high and can reach 99.99, the products are used for surface treatment of high-temperature alloys and special materials in the fields of national defense and aerospace, the electrolytic method is often used when the high-purity metal chromium is prepared, and an electric arc furnace is often used in the preparation process to improve the purity of the metal chromium.
In the arc furnace melting, heat generated by an arc generated between a graphite electrode and an iron material (molten iron) is used to melt the iron material and overheat the molten iron.
The method for producing high-purity metal chromium in the current market is an aluminothermic method, and has the advantages of large yield, high efficiency and stable quality, but the aluminothermic method needs to consume a large amount of precious aluminum powder, generates a large amount of dust smoke and waste residues in the production process, and belongs to an unsustainable production mode in the long run.
However, the existing methods for producing high-purity chromium metal cannot sufficiently reduce the impurity content of the processes for producing chromium trioxide and chromium metal, limit the application field of chromium metal, and cannot randomly control the contact area between an electrode and a reactor in an electric arc furnace when the electric arc furnace is used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for producing high-purity chromium metal by using an electric arc furnace, which can effectively solve the problems that the existing methods for producing high-purity chromium metal in the background technology can not fully reduce the impurity content of the process for producing chromium trioxide and chromium metal, limit the application field of chromium metal, and can not randomly control the contact area between an electrode and a reactor in the electric arc furnace when the electric arc furnace is used, the reaction efficiency is not high enough in practical use, partial impurities exist in the chromium metal, and the purity of the high-purity chromium metal is difficult to further improve.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the invention relates to a method for producing high-purity metallic chromium by using an electric arc furnace, which comprises the following steps:
the electric arc furnace comprises an adjusting mechanism and a rotating mechanism;
the adjusting mechanism comprises a furnace body, a sealing ring, a pressurizer, a trapezoidal top and electrodes, wherein a discharge door is arranged on the front side of the furnace body, the sealing ring is arranged at the top end of the furnace body, the trapezoidal top is fixedly connected to the middle of the top end of the sealing ring, a feed inlet is formed in the middle of the top end of the trapezoidal top, a plurality of electrodes are arranged on the top end of the trapezoidal top along an annular shape, an annular chute is formed in the trapezoidal top, the electrodes are arranged in the chute, electrode clamping rings are fixedly connected to the middle parts of the electrodes, telescopic columns are arranged on two sides of the bottom end of each electrode clamping ring, a gas pipe is communicated with one side of each telescopic column, which is far away from the feed inlet, and the pressurizer is arranged on one side of the gas pipe;
the rotary mechanism comprises a base, a driving motor, a rotary furnace bottom and connecting pipes, wherein the base is arranged at the bottom end of the furnace body, the driving motor is arranged in the middle of the base, a rotating shaft is arranged at the top end of the driving motor, the rotary furnace bottom is fixedly connected to the top end of the rotating shaft, an air inlet channel is arranged between the side surface of the rotary furnace bottom and the furnace body, a plurality of stirring balls are symmetrically arranged at the top end of the rotary furnace bottom, an inner sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotary furnace bottom, an outer sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the furnace body, a bearing ring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the outer sleeve, a limiting ring is arranged on the other side of the top end of the bearing ring, the inner sleeve is in sliding connection with the limiting ring, an air storage groove is formed between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, and the connecting pipes are fixedly connected to two sides of the outer sleeve;
the method for producing the high-purity metallic chromium comprises the following steps:
s1, adding soda ash, dolomite and limestone into chromium ore, oxidizing and roasting at 1000 ℃ to obtain sodium chromate, preparing sodium chromate solution by using the sodium chromate, then adding sulfuric acid to remove impurities such as silicon, aluminum, iron and the like, adjusting the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 7.0-8.0 by using inorganic acid, stirring for 10-15 min, and continuously adding the inorganic acid to adjust the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 1.0-2.0;
s2, adding glucose serving as a reducing agent into the sodium chromate solution with the adjusted pH value to perform leaching reaction for 1-2 hours, then filtering the leached sodium chromate solution, retaining a filter cake, and calcining the filter cake at 500-600 ℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain a chromium sesquioxide product;
s3, removing chromium trioxide on the surface of a chromium sesquioxide product, then placing the chromium sesquioxide into an electric arc furnace through a feed inlet, adding high-purity aluminum powder, then switching on the whole electric arc furnace, starting a pressurizer to control a plurality of electrodes to go deep into a reactor, preparing metal chromium by utilizing high temperature generated by electric arc, starting a driving motor to drive a rotary furnace bottom to rotate in the process, and feeding inert gas from the outside through a connecting pipe to accelerate the reaction rate;
s4, after the reaction is finished, cooling the whole electric arc furnace through a cooling device, then opening a discharging door to take out the chromium metal, and cleaning the generated waste slag;
s5, crushing the metal chromium, placing the crushed metal chromium in a graphite box, degassing in an environment with the vacuum degree of 10 Pa and the temperature of 1300 ℃, taking out the crushed metal chromium after 3-4 hours of degassing reaction, and obtaining the high-purity metal chromium.
Preferably, a plurality of the electrodes are all arranged right above the rotary furnace bottom, the side surface of the rotary furnace bottom is obliquely arranged, and the length of the top end of the rotary furnace bottom is greater than that of the bottom end.
Preferably, the air inlet channel is obliquely arranged and communicated with an air storage groove, and the air storage groove is communicated with the connecting pipe.
Preferably, a cooling tank is arranged in the furnace body, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged on one side of the furnace body, and the water inlet and the water outlet are communicated with the cooling tank.
Preferably, the sodium chromate solution is partially prepared by roasting chromium ore with soda ash, and the sulfuric acid is reagent-grade concentrated sulfuric acid.
Preferably, the purity of the chromium oxide product is more than 99.0 percent, and the average granularity is 20-100 mu m.
Preferably, the chromium sesquioxide powder is purified before being placed in an electric arc furnace, specifically, the chromium sesquioxide powder is pickled by acid, wherein the acid is one of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia, and the pickled chromium sesquioxide powder is deacidified by deionized water and dried.
Preferably, in step S4, the entire electric arc furnace is cooled by injecting water and inert gas into the cooling bath for dual temperature reduction.
Preferably, the metal block is 100mm block-shaped after being crushed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through the arrangement of the adjusting mechanism in the electric arc furnace, as the plurality of electrodes are all arranged in the sliding groove, the middle parts of the plurality of electrodes are all fixedly connected with the electrode clamping ring, the two sides of the bottom end of the electrode clamping ring are all provided with the telescopic columns, one sides of the two telescopic columns, which are far away from the feeding hole, are all communicated with the gas conveying pipe, one side of the gas conveying pipe is provided with the pressurizer, the pressurizer is started, the internal pressure of the gas conveying pipe can be increased, the internal pressure of the telescopic columns can be changed accordingly, gas is input into the telescopic columns, the telescopic columns are increased, the electrodes can be driven to ascend and descend, the contact area between the electrodes and an internal reactor is changed, and the reaction rate is controlled at will.
2. According to the invention, through the arrangement of a rotating mechanism in the electric arc furnace, the top end of a rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a rotating furnace bottom, an air inlet channel is arranged between the side surface of the rotating furnace bottom and the furnace body, the top end of the rotating furnace bottom is symmetrically provided with a plurality of stirring balls, the bottom end of the rotating furnace bottom is fixedly connected with an inner sleeve, the bottom end of the furnace body is fixedly connected with an outer sleeve, the bottom end of the outer sleeve is fixedly connected with a bearing ring, the other side of the top end of the bearing ring is provided with a limiting ring, the inner sleeve is in sliding connection with the limiting ring, when a driving motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating furnace bottom drives the inner sleeve to rotate together, so that the stirring balls can drive reaction liquid to rotate, the stirring balls can drive the reaction liquid to rotate, the molecular flow inside can be increased, the reaction efficiency and the reaction completion degree are improved, an air storage groove is arranged between the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve, connecting pipes are fixedly connected with the two sides of the outer sleeve, inert gas is input into the furnace body through the air inlet channel, the introduced gas can stir the reactor in the vertical direction and promote the floating of impurities, and can also ensure that the molten steel does not flow into gaps through the injected gas, so that the purity of metal chromium can be further improved.
3. In the invention, in the steps S1 and S2, impurities such as silicon, aluminum, iron and the like can be removed by using the sodium chromate solution and sulfuric acid, the pH value of the sodium chromate solution is adjusted to 1.0-2.0, and then the sodium chromate solution is filtered, so that the impurities in the raw materials can be effectively reduced in the process, and the purity of the chromium oxide product obtained in the subsequent operation is obviously better.
4. In the invention, through the step S5, after the production of the metallic chromium is finished, the metallic chromium is subjected to reduction reaction again in a high-pressure environment, so that impurities in the metallic chromium are further reduced, and the better high-purity metallic chromium is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an electric arc furnace in a method for producing high purity metallic chromium using the electric arc furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a furnace body in a method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal ceiling in a method for manufacturing high purity metallic chromium using an arc furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 3 according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. a discharge door; 3. a furnace body; 4. a seal ring; 5. a pressurizer; 6. a gas delivery pipe; 7. a trapezoidal top; 8. an electrode; 9. a feed inlet; 10. a drive motor; 11. a rotating shaft; 12. an air intake passage; 13. rotating the furnace bottom; 14. stirring the balls; 15. a chute; 16. an electrode clamping ring; 17. a telescopic column; 18. an outer sleeve; 19. a connecting pipe; 20. an inner sleeve; 21. a limit ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to FIGS. 1-5, the first embodiment
A method for producing high-purity metallic chromium by using an electric arc furnace comprises the following steps:
the electric arc furnace comprises an adjusting mechanism and a rotating mechanism;
adjustment mechanism includes furnace body 3, sealing ring 4, presser 5, trapezoidal top 7 and electrode 8, discharge door 2 has been seted up in the front of furnace body 3, the cooling bath has been seted up to the inside of furnace body 3, water inlet and delivery port have been seted up to one side of furnace body 3, the water inlet, the delivery port all communicates with the cooling bath, the top of furnace body 3 is provided with sealing ring 4, the trapezoidal top 7 of top middle part fixedly connected with of sealing ring 4, feed inlet 9 has been seted up at the top middle part of trapezoidal top 7, the top of trapezoidal top 7 is provided with a plurality of electrodes 8 along the annular, annular spout 15 has been seted up to the inside of trapezoidal top 7, a plurality of electrodes 8 all set up the inside at spout 15, the equal fixedly connected with electrode grip ring 16 in middle part of a plurality of electrodes 8, the bottom both sides of electrode grip ring 16 all are provided with flexible post 17, one side that two flexible posts 17 keep away from feed inlet 9 all communicates and is provided with 6, one side of gas-supply pipe 6 is provided with presser 5, start presser 5 at will, can make the inside pressure increase of gas-supply pipe 6, the inside pressure of flexible post 17 can change thereupon, thereby control electrode 8 and control the inside reaction rate of reactor.
The rotating mechanism comprises a base 1, a driving motor 10, a rotating furnace bottom 13 and a connecting pipe 19, the base 1 is arranged at the bottom end of the furnace body 3, the driving motor 10 is arranged in the middle of the base 1, a rotating shaft 11 is arranged at the top end of the driving motor 10, the rotating furnace bottom 13 is fixedly connected at the top end of the rotating shaft 11, a plurality of electrodes 8 are all arranged right above the rotating furnace bottom 13, the side surface of the rotating furnace bottom 13 is obliquely arranged, the length of the top end of the rotating furnace bottom 13 is greater than that of the bottom end, an air inlet channel 12 is arranged between the side surface of the rotating furnace bottom 13 and the furnace body 3, a plurality of stirring balls 14 are symmetrically arranged at the top end of the rotating furnace bottom 13, an inner sleeve 20 is fixedly connected at the bottom end of the rotating furnace bottom 13, an outer sleeve 18 is fixedly connected at the bottom end of the outer sleeve 18, a receiving ring is fixedly connected at the bottom end of the outer sleeve 18, and a limiting ring 21 is arranged at the other side of the top end of the receiving ring, the inner sleeve 20 is connected with the limiting ring 21 in a sliding mode, a gas storage groove is formed between the outer sleeve 18 and the inner sleeve 20, connecting pipes 19 are fixedly connected to two sides of the outer sleeve 18, the gas inlet channel 12 is obliquely arranged, the gas inlet channel 12 is communicated with the gas storage groove, the gas storage groove is communicated with the connecting pipes 19, when the driving motor 10 drives the rotating shaft 11 to rotate, the rotating furnace bottom 13 drives the inner sleeve 20 to rotate together, so that the stirring balls 14 are driven to rotate, the stirring balls 14 can drive reaction liquid to rotate, the molecular flow inside the reaction liquid is increased, the reaction efficiency and the completion degree are improved, inert gas is input into the furnace body 3 through the gas inlet channel 12 through the connecting pipes 19, the introduced gas can stir the reactor in the vertical direction, the floating of impurities is promoted, the molten steel can be guaranteed not to flow into gaps through blowing gas, and the purity of metal chromium can be further improved.
The method for producing high-purity metallic chromium comprises the following steps:
s1, adding soda ash, dolomite and limestone into chromium ore, oxidizing and roasting at 1000 ℃ to obtain sodium chromate, preparing sodium chromate solution by using sodium chromate, preparing part of the sodium chromate solution by roasting chromium ore by using soda ash, wherein sulfuric acid is reagent-grade concentrated sulfuric acid, then adding sulfuric acid to remove impurities such as silicon, aluminum, iron and the like, adjusting the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 7.0-8.0 by using inorganic acid, stirring for 10-15 min, and continuously adding the inorganic acid to adjust the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 1.0-2.0, so that impurities in raw materials can be effectively reduced in the process, and the purity of a chromium oxide product obtained in subsequent operation is obviously better;
s2, adding glucose into the sodium chromate solution with the adjusted pH value to perform leaching reaction for 1-2 hours, then filtering the leached sodium chromate solution, keeping a filter cake, calcining the filter cake at 500-600 ℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain a chromium sesquioxide product, wherein the purity of the chromium sesquioxide product is more than 99.0%, the average granularity is 20-100 mu m, and before the chromium sesquioxide is put into an electric arc furnace, purifying chromium sesquioxide powder, specifically, pickling the chromium sesquioxide powder with acid which is one of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia, deacidifying with deionized water after pickling, and drying;
s3, removing chromium trioxide on the surface of a chromium sesquioxide product, then placing the chromium sesquioxide into an electric arc furnace through a feed inlet 9, adding high-purity aluminum powder, then sealing the feed inlet 9, switching on the whole electric arc furnace, starting a pressurizer 5 to control a plurality of electrodes 8 to go deep into the reactor, preparing metal chromium by utilizing high temperature generated by electric arc, starting a driving motor 10 to drive a rotary furnace bottom 13 to rotate in the process, and feeding inert gas from the outside through a connecting pipe 19 to accelerate the reaction rate;
s4, after the reaction is finished, cooling the whole electric arc furnace through a cooling device, injecting water and inert gas into the cooling tank to cool the whole electric arc furnace, then opening the discharging door 2 to take out the metal chromium, and cleaning the generated waste slag;
s5, crushing the metal chromium, wherein the crushed metal blocks are 100mm blocks, placing the crushed metal blocks in a graphite box, degassing in an environment with a vacuum degree of 10 Pa and a temperature of 1300 ℃, taking out the crushed metal blocks after 3-4 hours of degassing reaction, and performing reduction reaction on the metal chromium again in a high-pressure environment to further reduce impurities in the metal chromium, so that the better high-purity metal chromium is obtained, wherein the Cr content in the obtained metal chromium is 99.98%, the O content is less than 0.01%, and the C content is less than 0.01%.
Example two
S1, adding soda ash, dolomite and limestone into chromium ore, oxidizing and roasting at 1000 ℃ to obtain sodium chromate, preparing sodium chromate solution by using sodium chromate, preparing part of the sodium chromate solution by adopting soda ash to roast chromium ore, using sulfuric acid as reagent-grade concentrated sulfuric acid, then adding sulfuric acid to remove impurities such as silicon, aluminum, iron and the like, adjusting the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 7.0-8.0 by using inorganic acid, stirring for 10-15 min, continuously adding the inorganic acid to adjust the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 1.0-2.0, effectively reducing impurities in raw materials in the process, and obtaining a chromium oxide product with obviously better purity in subsequent operation;
s2, adding glucose serving as a reducing agent into the sodium chromate solution with the adjusted pH value to perform leaching reaction for 1-2 hours, then filtering the leached sodium chromate solution, retaining a filter cake, calcining the filter cake at 500-600 ℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain a chromium sesquioxide product, wherein the purity of the chromium sesquioxide product is more than 99.0%, the average granularity is 20-100 mu m, and the chromium sesquioxide product is not purified before being put into an electric arc furnace;
s3, removing chromium trioxide on the surface of a chromium trioxide product, then placing the chromium trioxide into an electric arc furnace through a feed inlet 9, adding high-purity aluminum powder, then sealing the feed inlet 9, switching on the whole electric arc furnace, starting a pressurizer 5 to control a plurality of electrodes 8 to go deep into the reactor, preparing metal chromium by utilizing high temperature generated by electric arc, starting a driving motor 10 to drive a rotary furnace bottom 13 to rotate in the process, and feeding inert gas from the outside through a connecting pipe 19 to accelerate the reaction rate;
s4, after the reaction is finished, cooling the whole electric arc furnace through a cooling device, injecting water and inert gas into the cooling tank to cool the whole electric arc furnace, then opening the discharging door 2 to take out the metal chromium, and cleaning the generated waste slag;
s5, crushing the metal chromium, wherein the crushed metal blocks are 100mm blocks, placing the crushed metal blocks in a graphite box, degassing in an environment with a vacuum degree of 10 Pa and a temperature of 1300 ℃, taking out the crushed metal blocks after 3-4 hours of degassing reaction, and performing reduction reaction on the metal chromium again in a high-pressure environment to further reduce impurities in the metal chromium, so that better high-purity metal chromium is obtained, wherein the Cr content in the obtained metal chromium is 99.78%, the O content is less than 0.09%, and the C content is less than 0.01%.
Comparative example
S1, 100-120 parts of chromium oxide with the content of 99%, 24-35 parts of carbon powder with the fixed carbon content of more than 95% and 1-20 parts of binder by weight; mixing the above materials in a dry-type powder mixer, and stirring for 30-40 min to obtain a mixed raw material;
s2, putting the mixed raw materials after being fully and uniformly mixed into a briquetting machine for briquetting;
s3, placing the blank object into an electric arc furnace through a feeding hole 9, adding high-purity aluminum powder, sealing the feeding hole 9, switching on the whole electric arc furnace, starting a pressurizer 5 to control a plurality of electrodes 8 to penetrate into the reactor, preparing metal chromium by utilizing high temperature generated by electric arc, starting a driving motor 10 to drive a rotary furnace bottom 13 to rotate in the process, and feeding inert gas from the outside through a connecting pipe 19 to accelerate the reaction rate;
s4, after the reaction is finished, cooling the whole electric arc furnace through a cooling device, injecting water and inert gas into the cooling tank to cool the whole electric arc furnace, then opening the discharging door 2 to take out the metal chromium, and cleaning the generated waste slag;
s5, crushing the metal chromium, wherein the crushed metal blocks are 100mm blocks, placing the crushed metal blocks in a graphite box, degassing in an environment with a vacuum degree of 10 Pa and a temperature of 1300 ℃, taking out the crushed metal blocks after 3-4 hours of degassing reaction, and performing reduction reaction on the metal chromium again in a high-pressure environment to further reduce impurities in the metal chromium, so that better high-purity metal chromium is obtained, wherein the Cr content in the obtained metal chromium is 99.52%, the O content is less than 0.15%, and the C content is less than 0.01%.
Compared with the two examples and the comparative example, the method has the advantages that the processing raw materials are treated, the quality of the processing raw materials is improved, impurities in subsequent finished products can be effectively reduced, and the method can further improve the purity of high-purity metal chromium compared with other methods.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: preparing a sodium chromate solution, adding sulfuric acid to remove impurities such as silicon, aluminum, iron and the like, adjusting the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 7.0-8.0 by using inorganic acid, stirring for 10-15 min, continuously adding the inorganic acid to adjust the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 1.0-2.0, then adding glucose as a reducing agent to carry out leaching reaction for 1-2 h, then filtering the leached sodium chromate solution, retaining a filter cake, calcining the filter cake at 500-600 ℃ for 3-5 h to obtain a chromium sesquioxide product, removing chromium trioxide on the surface of the chromium sesquioxide product, then putting the chromium sesquioxide into an electric arc furnace through a feed inlet 9, adding high-purity aluminum powder, then switching on a power supply to the whole electric arc furnace, starting a pressurizer 5 to control a plurality of electrodes 8 to penetrate into the reaction pile, preparing metal chromium by using high temperature generated by electric arc, starting a driving motor 10 to drive a rotary furnace bottom 13 to rotate in the process, and sending inert gas from the outside through a connecting pipe 19 to accelerate the reaction rate; after the reaction is finished, the whole electric arc furnace is cooled by a cooling device, and then the discharge door 2 is opened to take out the metal chromium and clean the generated waste slag; crushing the metal chromium, placing the crushed metal chromium in a graphite box, degassing in an environment with the vacuum degree of 10 Pa and the temperature of 1300 ℃, taking out after 3-4 hours of degassing reaction, and obtaining the high-purity metal chromium.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing high-purity metal chromium by using an electric arc furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprising an electric arc furnace and a method for producing high-purity metallic chromium:
the electric arc furnace comprises an adjusting mechanism and a rotating mechanism;
the adjusting mechanism comprises a furnace body (3), a sealing ring (4), a pressurizer (5), a trapezoidal top (7) and electrodes (8), wherein a discharge door (2) is arranged on the front side of the furnace body (3), the sealing ring (4) is arranged at the top end of the furnace body (3), the trapezoidal top (7) is fixedly connected to the middle of the top end of the sealing ring (4), a feed inlet (9) is formed in the middle of the top end of the trapezoidal top (7), a plurality of electrodes (8) are arranged on the top end of the trapezoidal top (7) along an annular shape, an annular sliding groove (15) is formed in the trapezoidal top (7), the plurality of electrodes (8) are arranged in the sliding groove (15), an electrode clamping ring (16) is fixedly connected to the middle of each electrode (8), telescopic columns (17) are arranged on two sides of the bottom end of the electrode clamping ring (16), a gas conveying pipe (6) is communicated with one side, away from the feed inlet (9), and the pressurizer (5) is arranged on one side of each gas conveying pipe (6);
the rotary mechanism comprises a base (1), a driving motor (10), a rotary furnace bottom (13) and a connecting pipe (19), the base (1) is arranged at the bottom end of the furnace body (3), the driving motor (10) is arranged in the middle of the base (1), a rotary shaft (11) is arranged at the top end of the driving motor (10), the rotary furnace bottom (13) is fixedly connected to the top end of the rotary shaft (11), an air inlet channel (12) is arranged between the side surface of the rotary furnace bottom (13) and the furnace body (3), a plurality of stirring balls (14) are symmetrically arranged at the top end of the rotary furnace bottom (13), an inner sleeve (20) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotary furnace bottom (13), an outer sleeve (18) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the furnace body (3), a bearing ring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the outer sleeve (18), a limiting ring (21) is arranged on the other side of the top end of the bearing ring, the inner sleeve (20) is slidably connected to the limiting ring (21), an air storage groove is arranged between the outer sleeve (18) and two sides of the outer sleeve (18) are fixedly connected to the connecting pipe (19);
the method for producing high-purity metallic chromium comprises the following steps:
s1, adding soda ash, dolomite and limestone into chromium ore, oxidizing and roasting at 1000 ℃ to obtain sodium chromate, preparing sodium chromate solution by using the sodium chromate, then adding sulfuric acid to remove impurities such as silicon, aluminum, iron and the like, adjusting the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 7.0-8.0 by using inorganic acid, stirring for 10-15 min, and continuously adding the inorganic acid to adjust the pH value of the sodium chromate solution to 1.0-2.0;
s2, adding glucose serving as a reducing agent into the sodium chromate solution with the adjusted pH value to perform leaching reaction for 1-2 hours, filtering the leached sodium chromate solution, keeping a filter cake, and calcining the filter cake at 500-600 ℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain a chromic oxide product;
s3, removing chromium trioxide on the surface of a chromium sesquioxide product, then putting the chromium sesquioxide into an electric arc furnace through a feeding hole (9), adding high-purity aluminum powder, then switching on the whole electric arc furnace, starting a pressurizer (5) to control a plurality of electrodes (8) to go deep into a reactor, preparing metal chromium by utilizing high temperature generated by the electric arc, starting a driving motor (10) to drive a rotary furnace bottom (13) to rotate in the process, and feeding inert gas from the outside through a connecting pipe (19) to accelerate the reaction rate;
s4, after the reaction is finished, cooling the whole electric arc furnace through a cooling device, then opening a discharge door (2) to take out the chromium metal, and cleaning the generated waste slag;
s5, crushing the metal chromium, placing the crushed metal chromium in a graphite box, degassing in an environment with the vacuum degree of 10 Pa and the temperature of 1300 ℃, taking out the crushed metal chromium after 3-4 hours of degassing reaction, and obtaining the high-purity metal chromium.
2. The method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of electrode (8) all set up directly over rotatory stove bottom (13), just the side slope of rotatory stove bottom (13) sets up, the top length of rotatory stove bottom (13) is greater than the bottom length.
3. The method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace according to claim 2, wherein: the air inlet channel (12) is obliquely arranged, the air inlet channel (12) is communicated with an air storage groove, and the air storage groove is communicated with the connecting pipe (19).
4. The method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the furnace body (3) is internally provided with a cooling tank, one side of the furnace body (3) is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water inlet and the water outlet are communicated with the cooling tank.
5. The method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace according to claim 4, wherein: the sodium chromate solution is prepared by roasting chromium ore with soda ash, and the sulfuric acid is reagent-grade concentrated sulfuric acid.
6. The method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace according to claim 5, wherein: the purity of the chromic oxide product is more than 99.0 percent, and the average granularity is 20-100 mu m.
7. The method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace according to claim 6, wherein: and before the chromium sesquioxide is put into an electric arc furnace, purifying chromium sesquioxide powder, specifically pickling the chromium sesquioxide powder with acid, wherein the acid is one of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia, deacidifying with deionized water after pickling, and drying.
8. The method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace according to claim 7, wherein: in step S4, when the entire arc furnace is cooled, the temperature is lowered by injecting water and inert gas into the cooling bath.
9. The method for producing high purity metallic chromium using an electric arc furnace as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the specification of the crushed metal blocks is 100mm blocks.
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