CN115623963B - 一种诱导大田种植凤梨快速繁育芽苗的方法 - Google Patents
一种诱导大田种植凤梨快速繁育芽苗的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于植物栽培繁育技术领域，公开了一种诱导大田种植凤梨快速繁育芽苗的方法，采用大田凤梨实际生产的新技术管理方法，包括修剪整形凤梨母株、凤梨母株杀菌防虫、促萌芽、施肥育壮培养，尤其是植物激动素的应用管理，使大田凤梨育苗周期比自然繁育周期缩短60天以上，通过2—3轮的繁育采收，实现提高单母株繁殖系数可达12；本方法繁育率高，可以快速生产大量凤梨原生吸芽苗，该技术用于农田实际化生产，大大提高了凤梨生产效率、降低育苗成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物繁育技术领域，尤其是一种诱导大田种植凤梨快速繁育芽苗的方法。
背景技术
凤梨又称菠萝是我国热带亚热带重要经济作物，在我国海南、云南、广东、广西、福建等省份有大面积种植，是我国重要的热带水果品种。通常凤梨繁育生产是采用自然生长吸芽苗或工厂组培无性繁殖生产。自然植株吸芽的繁殖系数较低，同期每株产生2至3个吸芽，需4个月左右产生一批芽苗，生长周期较长严重影响凤梨的生产效率，而组培繁育虽然可同批繁育大量种苗，但繁殖设备、工厂投资巨大，流程繁琐、专业技术要求高、培育周期在14个月以上，周期太长的缺陷，严重阻碍了凤梨种植的效率和巨大的生产成本浪费。
本发明提供了一种大田种植凤梨种苗快速繁育芽苗的实际生产方法，克服了上述问题的不足，同一生产周期与自然状态繁育系数大幅提高，单株产量可达10至12个芽苗，同一母体生产单批芽苗时间周期提前30天左右；该方法实用性强、操作简便快捷，单株繁育系数高，解决了自然繁育系数低、周期长和组培生产周期长、专业技术要求高和工厂化设备成本过高的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种诱导大田种植凤梨快速繁育芽苗的方法，可以实现大田凤梨芽苗的快速繁育生产，缩短芽苗生产周期，提高生产效率，降低生产成本。
为实现上述发明效果，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种大田种植凤梨快速繁育方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
第一步骤、繁殖母体凤梨株修剪叶片：大田生产凤梨果实采摘后即可进行叶片修剪，垂直叶片方向修剪下叶梢部分，保留叶片基部长度25cm至30cm，以确保叶片基部渚留雨露水分和便于后期药肥淋灌管理，并可保障充分通风和接受阳光，方便后期田间管理和芽苗采收；
第二步骤、凤梨母株杀菌、防虫、促芽：材料准备，70%含量的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂或25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂、磷酸二氢钾，40%含量的乙烯利备用；具体做法是：①下午气温小于26℃条件下进行，每100公斤水准备70%含量甲基托布津可湿性粉剂145g或25%含量的多菌灵可湿性粉剂250g，磷酸二氢钾200g，90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂300g；首先备好2L水温45℃温水先期充分溶解敌百虫后加入100公斤水中搅匀，然后加入200g磷酸二氢钾，充分溶解搅匀，然后再加入备好的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂或多菌灵可湿性粉剂250g，搅匀，现配现用，对修剪后的凤梨植株体喷雾，充分喷透全株体以叶腋下见有少量积水为准，进行杀菌防虫害处理；②7天后傍晚无日照、气温小于26℃条件下进行，以40%含量的乙烯利稀释800倍溶液，对凤梨母株通体喷雾，以正反叶面湿透为准。
第三步骤、施肥育壮培养：按水肥一体化处理补充水肥，①采用N:P:K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥，按100倍配比制成水肥溶液，每株800ml进行灌根施肥，3小时后测量根周湿度40%左右；②30天后依本步骤①的方法进行第二次灌根施肥。
第四步骤、促芽分化生长：完成第二步骤后第10天开始本步骤第一遍喷淋，①浓度为0.1摩尔/升的盐酸100ml溶解15g的细胞分裂素充分溶解后加入100kg配水中搅匀，尿素以0.2%比例复配，磷酸二氢钾以0.2%比例复配，搅匀充分溶解后对全株体喷淋至见叶腋下有少量积水；②15天后以同样的配比和方法进行第二遍喷淋。
第五步骤、凤梨吸芽壮苗促长培养：第四步中的②喷淋完成后20天后可见多个叶腋下有多个吸芽露出，这时进行壮苗促生长培养，①用含量为4%赤霉素酸乳油配制1000倍液对母株体全株喷雾一次，3 天后用N：P：K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥以100倍配比和矿源性黄腐酸钾1000倍配比复配水溶液，在下午气温小于26℃时，自母株体顶端淋灌600ml溶液，确保叶腋下见积水；②15天后按上述方法再淋灌一遍；培养45天后母株可见产出3-5个达种植要求20-30cm长度的吸芽苗，可进行采收芽苗。
第六步骤、第一遍芽苗采收后，①第一轮重复进行第二步骤至第五步骤，可进行二次生产繁育芽苗，至第二次芽苗采收，单母株产苗量实现第一次倍增；②以此方法第二轮重复第二步骤至第五步骤操作，至第三次芽苗采收；通过三轮培育操作，可使单个母株总产苗系数达10-12，快速繁育芽苗、扩繁种群。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施案例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的范围并不仅局限于实例，其要求保护的范围记载于权利要求的权项中。
实施案例1：
本实施案例所述一种大田种植凤梨快速繁育方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步骤、繁殖母体凤梨株修剪叶片：大田生产凤梨果实采摘后即可进行叶片修剪，垂直叶片方向修剪下叶梢部分，保留叶片基部长度25cm至30cm，以确保叶片基部渚留雨露水分和便于后期药肥淋灌管理，并可保障充分通风和接受阳光，方便后期田间管理和芽苗采收；
第二步骤、凤梨母株杀菌、防虫、促芽：材料准备，70%含量的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂、90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂、磷酸二氢钾，40%含量的乙烯利备用；具体做法是：①下午气温25℃条件下进行，每100公斤水准备70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂145g，磷酸二氢钾200g，90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂300g；首先备好2L水温45℃温水先期充分溶解敌百虫后加入100公斤水中搅匀，然后加入200g磷酸二氢钾，充分溶解搅匀，然后再加入备好的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂搅匀，现配现用，对修剪后的凤梨植株体喷雾，充分喷透全株体以叶腋下见有少量积水为准，进行杀菌防虫害处理；②7天后傍晚无日照、气温25℃条件下实施，以40%含量的乙烯利稀释800倍溶液，对凤梨母株通体喷雾，以正反叶面湿透为准。
第三步骤、施肥育壮培养：按水肥一体化处理补充水肥，①采用N:P:K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥，按100倍配比制成水肥溶液，每株800ml进行灌根施肥，3小时后测量根周湿度40%左右；②30天后依本步骤①的方法和配比进行第二次灌根施肥。
第四步骤、促芽分化生长：完成第二步骤后第10天开始本步骤第一遍喷淋，①浓度为0.1摩尔/升的盐酸100ml溶解15g的细胞分裂素充分溶解后加入100kg配水中搅匀，尿素以0.2%比例复配，磷酸二氢钾以0.2%比例复配，搅匀充分溶解后对全株体喷淋至见叶腋下有少量积水；②15天后以同样的配比和方法进行第二遍喷淋。
第五步骤、凤梨吸芽壮苗促长培养：第四步中的②喷淋完成后20天后可见多个叶腋下有多个吸芽露出，这时进行壮苗促生长培养，①用含量为4%赤霉素酸乳油配制1000倍液对母株体全株喷雾一次，3天后用N：P：K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥以100倍配比和矿源性黄腐酸钾1000倍配比复配水溶液，在下午气温25℃时实施，自母株体顶端淋灌600ml溶液，确保叶腋下见积水；②15天后按上述方法再淋灌一遍；培养45天后母株可见产出3-4个达种植要求20-30cm长度的吸芽苗，可进行采收芽苗。
第六步骤、第一遍芽苗采收后，①第一轮重复进行第二步骤至第五步骤，可进行二次生产繁育芽苗，至第二次芽苗采收，单母株产苗量实现第一次倍增；②以此方法第二轮重复第二步骤至第五步骤操作，至第三次芽苗采收；
通过三轮培育操作，单个母株总产苗系数达11，实现快速繁育芽苗、扩繁种群的目的。
实施案例2：
本实施案例所述一种大田种植凤梨快速繁育方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步骤、繁殖母体凤梨株修剪叶片：大田生产凤梨果实采摘后即可进行叶片修剪，垂直叶片方向修剪下叶梢部分，保留叶片基部长度25cm至30cm，以确保叶片基部渚留雨露水分和便于后期药肥淋灌管理，并可保障充分通风和接受阳光，方便后期田间管理和芽苗采收；
第二步骤、凤梨母株杀菌、防虫、促芽：材料准备，25%含量多菌灵可湿性粉剂、90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂、磷酸二氢钾，40%含量的乙烯利备用；具体做法是：①下午气温25℃条件下进行，每100公斤水25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂250g，磷酸二氢钾200g，90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂300g；首先备好2L水温45℃温水先期充分溶解敌百虫后加入100公斤水中搅匀，然后加入200g磷酸二氢钾，充分溶解搅匀，然后再加入备好的多菌灵可湿性粉剂搅匀，现配现用，对修剪后的凤梨植株体喷雾，充分喷透全株体以叶腋下见有少量积水为准，进行杀菌防虫害处理；②7天后傍晚无日照、气温小于25℃条件下进行，以40%含量的乙烯利稀释800倍溶液，对凤梨母株通体喷雾，以正反叶面湿透为准。
第三步骤、施肥育壮培养：按水肥一体化处理补充水肥，①采用N:P:K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥，按100倍配比制成水肥溶液，每株800ml进行灌根施肥，3小时后测量根周湿度40%左右；②30天后依本步骤①的方法和配比进行第二次灌根施肥。
第四步骤、促芽分化生长：完成第二步骤后第10天开始本步骤第一遍喷淋，①浓度为0.1摩尔/升的盐酸100ml溶解15g的细胞分裂素充分溶解后加入100kg配水中搅匀，尿素以0.2%比例复配，磷酸二氢钾以0.2%比例复配，搅匀充分溶解后对全株体喷淋至见叶腋下有少量积水；②15天后以同样的配比和方法进行第二遍喷淋。
第五步骤、凤梨吸芽壮苗促长培养：第四步中的②喷淋完成后20天后可见多个叶腋下有多个吸芽露出，这时进行壮苗促生长培养，①用含量为4%赤霉素酸乳油配制1000倍液对母株体全株喷雾一次，3天后用N：P：K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥以100倍配比和矿源性黄腐酸钾1000倍配比复配水溶液，在下午气温25℃时，自母株体顶端淋灌600ml溶液，确保叶腋下见积水；②15天后按上述方法再淋灌一遍；培养45天后母株可见产出4-5个达种植要求20-30cm长度的吸芽苗，可进行采收芽苗。
第六步骤、第一遍芽苗采收后，①第一轮重复进行第二步骤至第五步骤，可进行二次生产繁育芽苗，至第二次芽苗采收，单母株产苗量实现第一次倍增；②以此方法第二轮重复第二步骤至第五步骤操作，至第三次芽苗采收；
通过三轮培育操作，单个母株总产苗系数达12，实现了快速繁育芽苗、扩繁种群的目的。
实施案例3：
本实施案例所述一种大田种植凤梨快速繁育方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步骤、繁殖母体凤梨株修剪叶片：大田生产凤梨果实采摘后即可进行叶片修剪，垂直叶片方向修剪下叶梢部分，保留叶片基部长度25cm至30cm，以确保叶片基部渚留雨露水分和便于后期药肥淋灌管理，并可保障充分通风和接受阳光，方便后期田间管理和芽苗采收；
第二步骤、凤梨母株杀菌、防虫、促芽：材料准备，70%含量的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂、90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂、磷酸二氢钾，40%含量的乙烯利备用；具体做法是：①下午气温23℃条件下进行，每100公斤水准备70%含量的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂145g，磷酸二氢钾200g，90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂300g；首先备好2L水温45℃温水先期充分溶解敌百虫后加入100公斤水中搅匀，然后加入200g磷酸二氢钾，充分溶解搅匀，然后再加入备好的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂搅匀，现配现用，对修剪后的凤梨植株体喷雾，充分喷透全株体以叶腋下见有少量积水为准，进行杀菌防虫害处理；②7天后傍晚无日照、气温23℃条件下进行，以40%含量的乙烯利稀释800倍溶液，对凤梨母株通体喷雾，以正反叶面湿透为准。
第三步骤、施肥育壮培养：按水肥一体化处理补充水肥，①采用N:P:K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥，按100倍配比制成水肥溶液，每株800ml进行灌根施肥，3小时后测量根周湿度40%左右；②30天后依本步骤①的方法和配比进行第二次灌根施肥。
第四步骤、促芽分化生长：完成第二步骤后第10天开始本步骤第一遍喷淋，①浓度为0.1摩尔/升的盐酸100ml溶解15g的细胞分裂素充分溶解后加入100kg配水中搅匀，尿素以0.2%比例复配，磷酸二氢钾以0.2%比例复配，搅匀充分溶解后对全株体喷淋至见叶腋下有少量积水；②15天后以同样的配比和方法进行第二遍喷淋。
第五步骤、凤梨吸芽壮苗促长培养：第四步中的②喷淋完成后20天后可见多个叶腋下有多个吸芽露出，这时进行壮苗促生长培养，①用含量为4%赤霉素酸乳油配制1000倍液对母株体全株喷雾一次，3 天后用N：P：K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥以100倍配比和矿源性黄腐酸钾1000倍配比复配水溶液，在下午气温23℃时，自母株体顶端淋灌600ml溶液，确保叶腋下见积水；②15天后按上述方法再淋灌一遍；培养45天后母株可见产出3-4个达种植要求20-30cm长度的吸芽苗，可进行采收芽苗。
第六步骤、第一遍芽苗采收后，①第一轮重复进行第二步骤至第五步骤，可进行二次生产繁育芽苗，至第二次芽苗采收，单母株产苗量实现第一次倍增；②以此方法第二轮重复第二步骤至第五步骤操作，至第三次芽苗采收；
通过三轮培育操作，单个母株总产苗系数达10，实现了快速繁育芽苗、扩繁种群的目的。
实施案例4：
本实施案例所述一种大田种植凤梨快速繁育方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步骤、繁殖母体凤梨株修剪叶片：大田生产凤梨果实采摘后即可进行叶片修剪，垂直叶片方向修剪下叶梢部分，保留叶片基部长度25cm至30cm，以确保叶片基部渚留雨露水分和便于后期药肥淋灌管理，并可保障充分通风和接受阳光，方便后期田间管理和芽苗采收；
第二步骤、凤梨母株杀菌、防虫、促芽：材料准备，25%含量的多菌灵可湿性粉剂、90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂、磷酸二氢钾，40%含量的乙烯利备用；具体做法是：①下午气温23℃条件下进行，每100公斤水准备25%含量的多菌灵可湿性粉剂250g，磷酸二氢钾200g，90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂300g；首先备好2L水温45℃温水先期充分溶解敌百虫后加入100公斤水中搅匀，然后加入200g磷酸二氢钾，充分溶解搅匀，然后再加入备好的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂搅匀，现配现用，对修剪后的凤梨植株体喷雾，充分喷透全株体以叶腋下见有少量积水为准，进行杀菌防虫害处理；②7天后傍晚无日照、气温23℃条件下进行，以40%含量的乙烯利稀释800倍溶液，对凤梨母株通体喷雾，以正反叶面湿透为准。
第三步骤、施肥育壮培养：按水肥一体化处理补充水肥，①采用N:P:K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥，按100倍配比制成水肥溶液，每株800ml进行灌根施肥，3小时后测量根周湿度40%左右；②30天后依本步骤①的方法和配比进行第二次灌根施肥。
第四步骤、促芽分化生长：完成第二步骤后第10天开始本步骤第一遍喷淋，①浓度为0.1摩尔/升的盐酸100ml溶解15g的细胞分裂素充分溶解后加入100kg配水中搅匀，尿素以0.2%比例复配，磷酸二氢钾以0.2%比例复配，搅匀充分溶解后对全株体喷淋至见叶腋下有少量积水；②15天后以同样的配比和方法进行第二遍喷淋。
第五步骤、凤梨吸芽壮苗促长培养：第四步中的②喷淋完成后20天后可见多个叶腋下有多个吸芽露出，这时进行壮苗促生长培养，①用含量为4%赤霉素酸乳油配制1000倍液对母株体全株喷雾一次，3 天后用N：P：K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥以100倍配比和矿源性黄腐酸钾1000倍配比复配水溶液，在下午气温23℃时，自母株体顶端淋灌600ml溶液，确保叶腋下见积水；②15天后按上述方法再淋灌一遍；培养45天后母株可见产出3-4个达种植要求20-30cm长度的吸芽苗，可进行采收芽苗。
第六步骤、第一遍芽苗采收后，①第一轮重复进行第二步骤至第五步骤，可进行二次生产繁育芽苗，至第二次芽苗采收，单母株产苗量实现第一次倍增；②以此方法第二轮重复第二步骤至第五步骤操作，至第三次芽苗采收；
通过三轮培育操作，单个母株总产苗系数达11，实现了快速繁育芽苗、扩繁种群的目的。
Claims (1)
1.一种诱导大田种植凤梨快速繁育芽苗的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
第一步骤、繁殖母体凤梨株修剪叶片：大田生产凤梨果实采摘后即可进行叶片修剪，垂直叶片方向修剪下叶梢部分，保留叶片基部长度25cm至30cm，以确保叶片基部潴留雨露水分和便于后期药肥淋灌管理，并可保障充分通风和接受阳光，方便后期田间管理和芽苗采收；
第二步骤、凤梨母株杀菌、防虫、促芽：材料准备，70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂或25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂、磷酸二氢钾，40%含量的乙烯利备用；具体做法是：①下午气温小于26℃条件下进行，每100公斤水准备70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂145g或25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂250g，磷酸二氢钾200g，90%含量的敌百虫可溶粉剂300g；首先备好2L水温45℃温水先期充分溶解敌百虫可溶粉剂后加入100公斤水中搅匀，然后加入200g磷酸二氢钾，充分溶解搅匀，然后再加入备好的甲基托布津可湿性粉剂145g或多菌灵可湿性粉剂250g搅匀，现配现用，对修剪后的凤梨植株体喷雾，充分喷透全株体以叶腋下见有少量积水为准，进行杀菌防虫害处理；②7天后傍晚无日照、气温小于26℃条件下进行，以40%含量的乙烯利稀释800倍溶液，对凤梨母株通体喷雾，以正反叶面湿透为准；
第三步骤、施肥育壮培养：按水肥一体化处理补充水肥，①采用N:P:K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥，按100倍配比制成水肥溶液，每株800ml进行灌根施肥，3小时后测量根周湿度40%；②30天后依本步骤①的方法进行第二次灌根施肥；
第四步骤促芽分化生长：完成第二步骤后第10天开始本步骤第一遍喷淋，第一遍喷淋为①浓度为0.1摩尔/升的盐酸100ml充分溶解15g的细胞分裂素充分溶解后加入100kg配水中搅匀，尿素以0.2%比例复配，磷酸二氢钾以0.2%比例复配，搅匀充分溶解后对全株体喷淋至见叶腋下有少量积水；②15天后以第一遍喷淋同样的配比和方法进行第二遍喷淋；
第五步骤、凤梨吸芽壮苗促生长培养：第四步中的②喷淋完成后20天后可见多个叶腋下有多个吸芽露出，这时进行壮苗促生长培养，①用含量为4%赤霉素酸乳油配制1000倍液对母株体全株喷雾一次，3天后用N：P：K比例为20:10:15的水溶性复合肥以100倍配比和矿源性黄腐酸钾1000倍配比复配水溶液，在下午气温小于26℃时，自母株体顶端淋灌600ml溶液，确保叶腋下见积水；②15天后按本步骤①方法再淋灌一遍；培养45天后母株可见产出3-5个达种植要求20-30cm长度的吸芽苗，进行采收芽苗；
第六步骤、第一遍芽苗采收后，①第一轮重复进行第二步骤至第五步骤，进行二次生产繁育芽苗，至第二次芽苗采收，单母株产苗量实现第一次倍增；②以此方法第二轮重复第二步骤至第五步骤操作，至第三次芽苗采收；通过三轮培育操作，可使单个母株总产苗系数达10-12，快速繁育芽苗、扩繁种群。
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