CN115623962A - Method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of tomatoes - Google Patents
Method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN115623962A CN115623962A CN202211392010.5A CN202211392010A CN115623962A CN 115623962 A CN115623962 A CN 115623962A CN 202211392010 A CN202211392010 A CN 202211392010A CN 115623962 A CN115623962 A CN 115623962A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting tomatoes to bloom and bear fruits early. The method comprises the following steps: (1) sowing: adopts a substrate plug seedling, and the substrate proportion is peat: vermiculite =3, tomato seeds are sown in the plug; (2) inoculating: 0.05g of trichoderma harzianum is applied to each root during sowing; (3) LED illumination treatment: treating the seeds after emergence by adopting white light, and adopting white light when the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart: and (3) growing seedlings under blue = 1LED light, and alternately treating the seedlings in light and dark for 12h respectively. And alternately irrigating by adopting clear water and nutrient solution. And (5) planting when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart. Trichoderma harzianum with proper concentration is inoculated in the seedling stage of the tomato and LED illumination treatment is carried out, so that strong tomato seedling cultivation can be promoted, seedlings can bloom and bear fruits in advance after field planting, the early yield and quality of the tomato are improved, and the production cost can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tomato cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of tomatoes.
Background
The tomatoes are one of main vegetable crops for facility cultivation in China, the seedling cultivation time of facility tomatoes in Jiangsu province in spring and autumn planting stubble is in cold winter and hot and rainy summer, the cultivated seedlings are low in quality due to low temperature/high temperature and weak light environment in the seedling cultivation period, the plants bloom late after planting, the fruit maturity is prolonged, the fruit marketing period is influenced, and the production benefit of farmers is seriously reduced. At present, hormones such as paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride and the like are commonly adopted for treating and cultivating strong seedlings in production, however, the use of the hormones can bring food safety problems, and trichoderma harpacum serving as a microbial agent not only has a growth promoting effect on various plants, but also can prevent various diseases such as pepper phytophthora blight, tomato damping off, gray mold and the like. However, previous studies found that trichoderma harpacum inoculation affects tomato seed germination in early stage, so that tomato seed germination rate is affected, and thus the use time and concentration of trichoderma harpacum in tomato seedling culture are still required to be further screened.
The existing research shows that the tomato plant can be promoted to bloom and bear fruits in advance by adjusting the photoperiod or using LED light supplement after the tomato seedling is planted, so that the tomato yield is improved. However, the long-term supplementary lighting in the growth period consumes more electric energy, and the cost is often very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of tomatoes, which adopts a method of combining trichoderma harpacum and LEDs, can obviously improve the early yield and fruit quality of the tomatoes after field planting, and can provide technical guidance for industrial seedling culture of the tomatoes.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention comprises the following steps:
a method of promoting early flowering and fruiting in tomatoes, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the steps of: adopting a substrate plug seedling, and sowing tomato seeds in the plug;
inoculating bacteria: applying 0.03-0.1g of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum to each root during sowing, wherein the trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum is purchased from Shandong LvLong Biotech Co., ltd;
performing LED illumination treatment: treating the seeds by adopting white light after emergence, growing the seedlings by adopting LED light when the seedlings grow to one leaf and one core, alternately irrigating by adopting clear water and nutrient solution, and planting when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 core.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the substrate is a substrate made of peat: vermiculite =2-3:1 (volume ratio).
As a preferred method of the invention, the seeds are treated by white light after emergence, and the light intensity of the white light treatment is 200-250 mu mol/(m) 2 s), alternating light and dark for 12h.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the LED light is composed of a light intensity ratio of white light: blue light =1, light intensity 250-300 μmol/(m) 2 s), alternating light and dark for 12h each.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the seedling raising method comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of sowing: adopts a substrate plug seedling, and the substrate proportion is peat: vermiculite =3, tomato seeds are sown in the plug;
the method comprises the following steps: 0.05g of trichoderma harzianum inoculant is applied to each root during sowing;
performing LED illumination treatment: after the seeds emerge, white light is adopted for processing, and the light intensity is 200-250 mu mol/(m) 2 s), alternately treating in light and dark for 12h respectively, and adopting white when the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart: the blue light intensity ratio is 1 2 s), and (5) carrying out light-dark for 12 hours respectively, and alternately irrigating by adopting clear water and nutrient solution. And (5) planting when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart.
Has the advantages that:
the research discovers that the inoculation of trichoderma harsagittiforme microbial inoculum with proper concentration in the tomato seedling stage and the LED illumination treatment can promote the cultivation of strong tomato seedlings, lead the seedlings to bloom and bear fruits in advance after field planting, improve the early yield and quality of the tomatoes, and effectively reduce the production cost and improve the production benefit.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Cherry tomato millennium is used as a test material, a 50-hole tray is adopted for seedling culture, and a test substrate is peat: vermiculite volume ratio =3:1, and (b) a mixed matrix. Let 7 different treatments: 0.05g, 0.1g and 0.2g of a Trichoderma harzianum strain (from Shandong LvLong Biotech Co., ltd.) were applied to the seeds of T1-T3; when T4-T6 cotyledon is flattened, 20ml of each strain of trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid 200 times, 400 times and 600 times (the mass ratio of microbial inoculum to water is 1; CK control, 20ml of clear water per strain. When the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, measuring plant growth indexes and measuring physiological indexes such as chlorophyll and the like; the treated leaves are taken to carry out measurement of physiological indexes such as SOD, POD, CAT, MDA and the like, and measurement of growth indexes such as dry and fresh weight of overground parts and underground parts.
TABLE 1 influence of different Trichoderma harphii treatment modes on tomato seedling growth index and strong seedling index
The result shows that 0.05g of trichoderma harzianum is applied to each plant root during sowing, so that the stem thickness of the tomato seedlings and the dry weight of the underground parts on the ground can be improved, the plant height of the plants is reduced, and the strong seedling index of the tomato seedlings is improved.
TABLE 2 influence of different Trichoderma harphii treatment modes on physiological indexes of tomato seedlings
The result shows that the application of 0.05g trichoderma harzianum to each plant root during sowing can improve the contents of chlorophyll, SOD, POD and CAT of tomato seedlings and reduce the MDA content of the plants, thereby improving the resistance of the tomato seedlings.
In conclusion, 0.05g of trichoderma harzianum is applied to each root during sowing, so that strong seedling cultivation of tomato seedlings is facilitated.
Example 2
Cherry tomato millennium is taken as a test material, a 50-hole tray is adopted for seedling culture, and a test substrate is peat: vermiculite volume ratio =3:1, and (b) a mixed matrix. After the seeds emerge, white light is adopted for processing, and the light intensity is 250 mu mol/(m) 2 s), light dark 12h each. When the seedlings grow to one leaf and one core, different LED lights are respectively adopted for each treatment to carry out seedling raising, and the light intensity is 300 mu mol/(m) 2 s), alternating light and dark for 12h each. Set 5 differentAnd (3) treatment: white light (W), light intensity ratio white light: blue =1 (WB), white: red light: blue =1 (WRB), white: red =1, red: blue light = 1. And (4) alternately irrigating by adopting clear water and nutrient solution. And when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, measuring the plant growth indexes, and planting the raised seedlings in the matrix grooves. Counting the flowering time of tomato plants, and determining the early-stage yield and quality of tomato fruits.
TABLE 3 influence of different LED illumination seedlings on tomato seedling growth index and strong seedling index
The result shows that the stem thickness and the plant dry weight of the tomato seedlings can be improved by adopting the white blue 1.
TABLE 4 influence of different LED illumination seedlings on the initial flowering phase, early yield and soluble solid content of tomato seedlings
The initial flowering phase of the tomato seedlings after field planting can be advanced by 5 days by adopting the light seedling raising of the white blue 1.
In conclusion, the light illumination seedling culture of the white blue 1 is more beneficial to strong seedling culture of the tomatoes, and the tomatoes bloom and fruit after field planting in advance.
Example 3
Cherry tomato millennium is used as a test material, and a test substrate is peat: vermiculite =3:1 (volume ratio) and adopting a 50-hole tray to carry out seedling culture. The experiment was set up with 5 different treatments: white light (W), white light: blue light =1 (8 + light, 10+ light, 12+ light, 14+ light, 10 hours light).
After the seeds emerge, white light is adopted for processing, and the light intensity is 250 mu mol/(m) 2 s). When the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart, the treatments are carried outWhite light (12 hours of illumination) and white light were used respectively: blue light =1 (8 + for 8 hours, 10+ for 10 hours, 12+ for 12 hours, 14+ for 14 hours) LED light for seedling raising with light intensity of 300 μmol/(m +) 2 s). And (4) alternately irrigating by adopting clear water and nutrient solution. When the seedling grows to 6 leaves and 1 heart, the plant growth index is measured and planted in the matrix groove. The flowering time of tomato plants is counted and the yield of tomato fruits is determined.
The results show that the stem thickness, the plant height and the plant dry weight of the tomato seedlings are increased under the white and blue light irradiation for 12 and 14 hours, the strong seedling index is improved, and the cultivated seedlings are thicker.
TABLE 5 Effect of different photoperiod treatments on tomato seedling growth index and Strong seedling index
The results show that compared with white light seedling, seedling under the condition of 12 hours of white and blue light irradiation can promote the early flowering phase of the first ear of tomatoes by 7 days after planting, the early flowering phase of the second ear of tomatoes by 12 days, and the early yield of the tomato is improved by 32.89%.
TABLE 6 Effect of different photoperiod treatments on the flowering phase and yield of the established tomato seedlings
In conclusion, the white blue 1.
Example 4
Using cherry tomato millennium as a test material, setting white light, white light inoculation, and white: blue =1, 3 treatments of inoculation, 0.05g of inoculation strain per trichoderma harsagittiforme strain. Adopting a substrate plug seedling, wherein the substrate is peat: vermiculite =3 (volume ratio), tomato seeds were sown in the plug. 0.05g of trichoderma harzianum is applied to each root after inoculation treatment. After the seeds emerge, white light is adopted for processing, and the light intensity is 250 mu mol/(m) 2 s), light dark 12h each.When the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart, white light and white light are respectively adopted for the inoculation and non-inoculation treatment: blue = 1LED light, the light intensity is 300 μmol/(m) 2 s), alternating light and dark for 12h. And alternately irrigating by adopting clear water and nutrient solution. When the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart, the plant growth index is measured, and the seedlings and the tomatoes growing in the greenhouse at the same period are planted in the matrix groove. The flowering time of tomato plants is counted, and the yield and quality of tomato fruits are determined.
The results show that the white and blue light inoculation treatment can reduce the plant height of tomato seedlings, increase the stem thickness and leaves, increase the chlorophyll content and make the seedlings stronger.
TABLE 7 Effect of different treatments on the growth index and chlorophyll content of tomato seedlings
TABLE 8 Effect of different treatments on the initial flowering phase and yield of tomatoes
Compared with the conventional greenhouse seedling culture, the white blue light inoculation seedling culture can promote the tomatoes to bloom 5d in advance after planting, the early-stage yield is improved by 35.02%, and the total yield is improved by 39.29%.
TABLE 9 Effect of different treatments on tomato fruit quality
Compared with the conventional seedling culture in a greenhouse, the white blue light inoculation seedling culture can improve the content of soluble sugar, lycopene and VC in the tomato fruits and reduce the content of titratable acid, thereby improving the quality of the tomato fruits.
In conclusion, the light intensity ratio of white light to blue light is 1.
Claims (5)
1. A method of promoting early flowering and fruiting in tomatoes, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of: adopting a substrate plug seedling, and sowing tomato seeds in the plug;
the method comprises the following steps: applying 0.03-0.1g of trichoderma harzianum microbial inoculum to each root during sowing;
performing LED illumination treatment: treating the seeds with white light after emergence, growing the seedlings with LED light when the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart, alternately irrigating with clear water and nutrient solution, and planting when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart.
2. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 1 in which the substrate is a peat: vermiculite =2-3:1, and (b) a mixed matrix.
3. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the light intensity of the white light treatment is 200-250 μmol/(m) 2 s), alternating light and dark for 12h each.
4. The method for growing seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the LED light is composed of a light intensity ratio of white light: blue light =1, light intensity 250-300 μmol/(m) 2 s), alternating light and dark for 12h.
5. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
the method comprises the steps of: adopts a substrate plug seedling, and the substrate proportion is peat: 1, sowing tomato seeds in a plug tray, wherein vermiculite = 3;
inoculating bacteria: 0.05g of trichoderma harzianum inoculum is applied to each root during sowing;
performing LED illumination treatment: after the seeds emerge, white light is adopted for processing, and the light intensity is 200-250 mu mol/(m) 2 s), alternately treating in light and dark for 12h respectively, and adopting white when the seedlings grow to one leaf and one heart: the blue light intensity ratio is 1 2 s), light and dark for 12h respectively, adopting clear water and nutrient solutionAnd (5) alternately irrigating. And planting when the seedlings grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116098048A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-05-12 | 宁夏大学 | Method for promoting capsicum to bloom and/or fruit in advance |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116098048A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-05-12 | 宁夏大学 | Method for promoting capsicum to bloom and/or fruit in advance |
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