CN115621748A - Broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and array - Google Patents
Broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and array Download PDFInfo
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- CN115621748A CN115621748A CN202211387083.5A CN202211387083A CN115621748A CN 115621748 A CN115621748 A CN 115621748A CN 202211387083 A CN202211387083 A CN 202211387083A CN 115621748 A CN115621748 A CN 115621748A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/005—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using remotely controlled antenna positioning or scanning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of circularly polarized phased array antennas, and provides a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and an array; the antenna unit includes: the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are sequentially stacked; the radiation patch is arranged on one side of the first medium layer, which is far away from the second medium layer, and is a circular microstrip patch; the radiation patch comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a first metal stratum, a second metal stratum and a radiation patch, wherein the first metal stratum is clamped between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, two coupling gaps which are symmetrical with each other in a rotation center and a plurality of isolation gaps which are arranged around the peripheries of the two coupling gaps are formed in the first metal stratum, the rotation center is overlapped with the circle center of the radiation patch in the stacking direction, one end of each coupling gap is provided with a first arc gap which is bent towards one side, and the other end of each coupling gap is provided with a second arc gap which is bent towards the other opposite side; the feed microstrip is clamped between the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer and is used for coupling feed to the radiation patch through the two coupling gaps.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of circularly polarized phased array antennas, in particular to a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and array.
Background
The millimeter wave broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized phased array antenna is the first choice for the 6G network feeder link. In recent years, constituting circular polarization using dual linear polarization is a typical scheme of a circular polarization phased array that realizes wide-angle scanning.
However, dual-point feeding is usually adopted for dual-line circular polarization, and an extra large feeding network is required, so that the number of channels of the system is multiplied under the condition of the same antenna scale, and the complexity of the system is increased. Meanwhile, in the process of synthesizing circular polarization by dual linear polarization, not only phase differences of each linear polarization need to be adjusted to meet requirements, but also amplitudes of each linear polarization need to be adjusted to be equal, unnecessary loss is possibly caused, and the efficiency of a system is reduced. In addition, the conventional circularly polarized antenna forms a phased array, and the spacing between sub-arrays is close to or exceeds the wavelength of the antenna, so that the scanning angle range of the phased array is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and array, which are used for solving the defects that in the prior art, when a circular polarized antenna forms a broadband wide-angle scanning phased array, the system complexity is high, the design difficulty is high, the wiring difficulty is high, the workload and difficulty of antenna debugging are high, the system efficiency is possibly reduced, and the scanning angle range of the phased array is narrowed.
The invention provides a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit, which comprises: the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are sequentially stacked;
the radiation patch is arranged on one side of the first dielectric layer, which is far away from the second dielectric layer, and is a circular microstrip patch;
the radiation patch comprises a first metal stratum and a second metal stratum, wherein the first metal stratum is clamped between the first medium layer and the second medium layer, two coupling gaps and a plurality of isolation gaps are formed in the first metal stratum, the two coupling gaps are rotationally symmetrical about a rotation center, the rotation center is superposed with the circle center of the radiation patch in the stacking direction, one end of each coupling gap is provided with a first arc gap bent towards one side, the other end of each coupling gap is provided with a second arc gap bent towards the other opposite side, two electromagnetic modes which are perpendicular to each other are excited, and the isolation gaps are arranged around the peripheries of the two coupling gaps;
the feed microstrip is clamped between the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer and comprises a connecting part and a feed part, and the feed part is arranged corresponding to the two coupling gaps and used for coupling and feeding the radiation patch through the two coupling gaps;
and the second metal stratum is attached to one side of the third dielectric layer, which deviates from the second dielectric layer, and is provided with a coaxial feed point which is electrically connected with the connecting part.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by the invention, the length of the first arc gap is related to the antenna reflection coefficient of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit; the length of the second circular arc slot is related to the position of the antenna axial ratio resonance point of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by the invention, the coupling slot is also provided with a middle slot, the first circular arc slot is connected to one end of the middle slot, and the second circular arc slot is connected to the other end of the middle slot; the two coupling gaps divide the first metal stratum into a middle area and a peripheral area, and the middle area is located between the two coupling gaps; the feeding part comprises a first feeding branch and a second feeding branch, and the first feeding branch and the second feeding branch are connected to two opposite sides of one end of the connecting part; the projection of the connecting part on the first metal ground layer is positioned between the two coupling gaps, the projection of the first feed branch on the first metal ground layer is vertically crossed with the middle section gap of one coupling gap, and the projection of the second feed branch on the first metal ground layer is vertically crossed with the middle section gap of the other coupling gap; and the difference between the length of the projection of the first feed branch on the first metal ground layer and the length of the projection of the second feed branch on the first metal ground layer on the middle area part is half of the medium wavelength.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased-array antenna unit provided by the invention, the coupling gap is divided into a first section and a second section along the length direction, and the boundary of the first section and the second section is the projection of the central line of the first feed branch or the second feed branch on the first metal stratum; the position of the boundary line is associated with an antenna reflection coefficient of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by the invention, the first feeding branch and the second feeding branch both comprise end branch parts of which the projections on the first metal layer are positioned in the peripheral area, the lengths of the two end branch parts are equal, and the lengths of the end branch parts are related to the antenna reflection coefficient of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by the invention, the dielectric constant of the second medium layer is greater than the dielectric constant of the first medium layer and the dielectric constant of the third medium layer.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by the invention, the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are all millimeter wave radio frequency plates.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased-array antenna unit provided by the invention, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are respectively provided with a plurality of metal through holes, the metal through holes are respectively connected with the first metal ground layer and the second metal ground layer, and the metal through holes are arranged around the outer outlines of the feed microstrip and the coupling slot so as to seal the feed microstrip and the coupling slot in the enclosing range of the metal through holes.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by the invention, the plurality of metal through holes close to the coaxial feed point are arranged around part of the periphery of the coaxial feed point.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by the invention, the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit further comprises an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is clamped between the first dielectric layer and the first metal stratum and between the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer; the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit is manufactured by a multilayer PCB mixed pressing process.
The invention also provides a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna array, which comprises any one of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna units.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased-array antenna unit and array, single-point feed is adopted, the circularly polarized antenna structure of the single-point feed is the simplest, an additional feed network is not needed, the complexity of the system is effectively reduced, the single-point feed has the advantage of low profile, the space is saved, the wiring difficulty is reduced, the structure is simple and easy to implement, the system design difficulty is effectively reduced, and the cost is reduced; through the arrangement of the double-inverted-S-shaped coupling gap for coupling feed of the radiation patch, two mutually perpendicular electromagnetic modes can be excited, the circular polarization is formed by utilizing double linear polarization, the working frequency bandwidth is expanded, the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth is expanded, and the defect that the working bandwidth of a single-point feed circular polarization antenna is narrow is avoided; meanwhile, the circular radiation patch and the double-inverted-S-shaped coupling gap are arranged to be symmetrical around the circle center, so that the antenna unit structure has very good circular polarization symmetry, a radiation directional diagram and an axial ratio directional diagram with good rotational symmetry are obtained in space, the optimization of antenna array design is facilitated, the phase and amplitude of linear polarization do not need to be adjusted in a laborious manner, the reduction of system efficiency is avoided, the workload and the difficulty of antenna debugging are effectively reduced, the reduction of the scanning angle range of a phased array after array formation can be effectively avoided, and the circular polarization antenna with the broadband wide-angle beam characteristic is realized; by arranging the isolation gap, the isolation performance of the antenna unit can be improved, leakage is reduced, and when the circularly polarized phased array antenna array is formed by the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit, the mutual coupling among array elements can be effectively reduced, and the wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array can be realized.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit, the circularly polarized antenna with the broadband wide-angle beam characteristic is realized by combining the single-point feed with the antenna unit structure with good circularly polarized symmetry, and the defects that in the prior art, when a broadband wide-angle scanning phased array is formed by circularly polarized antennas, the system is high in complexity, large in design difficulty and wiring difficulty, the workload and difficulty of antenna debugging are large, the system efficiency can be reduced, and the phased array scanning angle range is reduced are overcome.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laminated structure of a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a reflection coefficient graph of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and the array element provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an axial ratio curve diagram of maximum radiation directions of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and the array element provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a radiation pattern of a wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an axial ratio directional diagram of a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of an array element of a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an axial ratio directional diagram of an array element of a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100: a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit;
1: a first dielectric layer; 2: a second dielectric layer; 3: a third dielectric layer; 4: a radiation patch; 5: a first metal formation; 6: a feed microstrip; 7: a second metal formation; 8: a metal via; 9: an adhesive layer;
51: a coupling slot; 511: a first arc slit; 512: a second arc slit; 513: a first stage; 514: a second stage; 515: a boundary line; 516: a middle section gap; 52: isolating the gap; 61: a connecting portion; 62: a feeding section; 621: a first feed branch; 622: a second feed branch; 623: a terminal branch portion; 71: a coaxial feed point.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is to be understood that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "plus 45 or minus 45 orientation," "up," "center," "down," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component so referred to must be oriented, constructed or operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna element and array of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1-3.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 provided by the present invention includes a first dielectric layer 1, a second dielectric layer 2, a third dielectric layer 3, a radiation patch 4, a first metal ground layer 5, a feed microstrip 6, and a second metal ground layer 7.
The first dielectric layer 1, the second dielectric layer 2 and the third dielectric layer 3 are sequentially stacked, the radiation patch 4 is arranged on one side, away from the second dielectric layer 2, of the first dielectric layer 1, and the radiation patch 4 is a circular microstrip patch; the first metal ground layer 5 is clamped between the first medium layer 1 and the second medium layer 2, the first metal ground layer 5 is provided with two coupling gaps 51 and a plurality of isolation gaps 52, the two coupling gaps 51 are rotationally symmetrical about a rotation center, the rotation center coincides with the circle center of the radiation patch 4 in the stacking direction, one end of each coupling gap 51 is provided with a first arc gap 511 bent towards one side, the other end of each coupling gap 51 is provided with a second arc gap 512 bent towards the other opposite side, two electromagnetic modes perpendicular to each other are excited, and the isolation gaps 52 are arranged around the peripheries of the two coupling gaps 51. The feeding microstrip 6 is clamped between the second dielectric layer 2 and the third dielectric layer 3, the feeding microstrip 6 comprises a connecting part 61 and a feeding part 62, and the feeding part 62 is arranged corresponding to the two coupling gaps 51 and is used for coupling and feeding the radiation patch 4 through the two coupling gaps 51; the second metal ground layer 7 is attached to one side of the third dielectric layer 3, which is far away from the second dielectric layer 2, the second metal ground layer 7 is provided with a coaxial feeding point 71, and the coaxial feeding point 71 is electrically connected with the connecting part 61 of the feeding microstrip 6.
The two coupling gaps 51 are rotationally symmetrical about the rotation center, which means that the two coupling gaps 51 have the same structure and are arranged in a central symmetry manner relative to the rotation center, and the two coupling gaps 51 can rotate about the rotation center until the two coupling gaps coincide with each other; the stacking direction refers to a direction in which the first dielectric layer 1, the second dielectric layer 2, and the third dielectric layer 3 are sequentially stacked.
The circularly polarized phased array antenna dynamically generates a series of beams with high directivity by using a large-scale antenna array and a flexible beam forming technology, so that the spatial multiplexing efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the circularly polarized characteristic of the phased array makes up the influence of the polarization rotation effect of electromagnetic waves penetrating through an ionized layer on electric waves. The adoption of the circularly polarized antenna with the broadband wide-angle scanning performance to form a phased array is a key technology for realizing a mobile satellite communication system.
In the present embodiment, the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 (referred to as an antenna unit for short) is integrated on a multilayer medium, and the radiation patch 4 is used for radiating electromagnetic signals; a coupling gap 51 is formed in the first metal ground layer 5, and the coupling gap 51 is used for coupling radio frequency signals to the radiation patch 4; the feeding portion 62 of the feeding microstrip 6 corresponds to the two coupling slots 51, and is used for coupling and feeding the radiation patch 4 through the two coupling slots 51; the second metal layer 7 is provided with a coaxial feed point 71, the coaxial feed point 71 is electrically connected with the connecting part 61 of the feed microstrip 6, and radio frequency signals are transmitted to the feed microstrip 6 through the coaxial feed point 71 to realize single-point feed; so that the radiating patch 4, the first metal ground layer 5, the feeding microstrip 6 and the second metal ground layer 7 constitute an antenna unit body. When the antenna is used, radio-frequency signals are transmitted through the feed micro-strip 6 and coupled to the radiation patch 4 to realize external transmission of the signals.
The antenna unit is integrated on the plurality of dielectric layers (i.e., the first dielectric layer 1, the second dielectric layer 2, and the third dielectric layer 3), and can be processed by a multilayer Printed Circuit Board (PCB) hybrid process, which is easy to produce and reduce cost.
The radiation patch 4 is a circular microstrip patch, such as a circular metal patch, and has a rotational symmetry structure, which is beneficial to the symmetry of the radiation pattern and the axial ratio pattern, so that the mutual coupling between the array elements of the antenna unit when forming the antenna array has the least influence on the pattern.
The two ends of the coupling gap 51 are respectively provided with a first arc gap 511 and a second arc gap 512 with opposite bending directions to form the overall inverted-S-shaped coupling gap 51, the two coupling gaps 51 can excite two mutually perpendicular electromagnetic modes, which is the basis for generating circular polarization characteristics and can expand the working frequency bandwidth and the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna unit; specifically, the two first circular arc slots 511 of the two coupling slots 51 are used for generating polarization in one direction, the two second circular arc slots 512 are used for generating polarization in the other direction, and the two polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, so that double linear polarization in an orthogonal arrangement is formed, and circular polarization is formed by the double linear polarization.
The two inverted-S-shaped coupling slits 51 are symmetrically distributed at the rotation center, and the rotation center is superposed with the circle center of the radiation patch 4, so that the excited radiation field has better rotational symmetry in space, and the directional diagram excited by the antenna unit has good rotational symmetry, and the consistency of the directional diagram of the array elements can be ensured when the antenna unit is utilized to form an antenna array.
The antenna unit structure has good circular polarization symmetry by the double-inverted-S coupling structure and the circular patch which are symmetrical about the circle center, so that a radiation directional diagram and an axial ratio directional diagram with good rotational symmetry are obtained in space, and optimization of antenna array design is facilitated.
The first metal ground layer 5 is further provided with an isolation gap 52, and the isolation gap 52 is arranged around the two coupling gaps 51, so that coupling induced current on the first metal ground layer 5 between adjacent array elements can be cut off when the antenna unit array is formed, and leakage is reduced, thereby reducing mutual coupling between the array elements; compared with the existing method for loading metal holes among array elements, the isolation gap 52 is simple and easy to realize, and particularly in the multilayer PCB mixed-compression process, the mixed-compression frequency can be reduced, so that the scheme that the original mixed-compression frequency cannot be processed is changed. The current multi-layer PCB mixed pressing technology can not be processed after more than 4 times of mixed pressing.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100, single-point feed is adopted, the circularly polarized antenna structure of the single-point feed is the simplest, an additional feed network is not needed, the complexity of the system is effectively reduced, the single-point feed has the advantage of low profile, the space is saved, the wiring difficulty is reduced, the structure is simple and easy to implement, the system design difficulty is effectively reduced, and the cost is reduced; two mutually perpendicular electromagnetic modes can be excited by setting the double-inverted-S-shaped coupling gap 51 to carry out coupling feed on the radiation patch 4, so that the circular polarization is formed by utilizing the double-line polarization, the working frequency bandwidth is expanded, the circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth is widened, and the defect that the working bandwidth of a single-point feed circular polarization antenna is narrow is avoided; meanwhile, the circular radiation patch 4 and the double-inverted-S-shaped coupling slot 51 are arranged to be symmetrical about the circle center, so that the antenna unit structure has very good circular polarization symmetry, a radiation directional diagram and an axial ratio directional diagram with good rotational symmetry are obtained in space, the optimization of antenna array design is facilitated, the phase and amplitude of linear polarization do not need to be adjusted in a laborious manner, the reduction of system efficiency is avoided, the workload and difficulty of antenna debugging are effectively reduced, the reduction of the scanning angle range of a phased array after array formation can be effectively avoided, and the circular polarization antenna with the broadband wide-angle beam characteristic is realized; by arranging the isolation gap 52, the isolation performance of the antenna unit can be improved, leakage is reduced, and when the circularly polarized phased array antenna array is formed by the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100, mutual coupling among array elements can be effectively reduced, and a wide-angle scanning millimeter wave circularly polarized phased array can be realized.
According to the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100, the circularly polarized antenna with the broadband wide-angle beam characteristic is realized by combining the single-point feed with the antenna unit structure with the very good circularly polarized symmetry, and the defects that in the prior art, when the circularly polarized antenna forms a broadband wide-angle scanning phased array, the system is high in complexity, large in design difficulty and wiring difficulty, the workload and difficulty of antenna debugging are large, the system efficiency is possibly reduced, and the phased array scanning angle range is narrowed are overcome.
In one embodiment, the first metal layer 5 is a rectangular metal plate, and the isolation gap 52 is a rectangular gap; eight rectangular isolation gaps 52 open at four circumferential edges of the first metal layer 5. Wherein the isolation slit 52 may be formed by etching.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the length L1 of the first circular arc slot 511 is associated with the antenna reflection coefficient of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100; the length L2 of the second circular arc slot 512 is associated with the position of the antenna axis ratio resonance point of the broadband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100.
In this embodiment, the antenna reflection coefficient can be adjusted by adjusting the length L1 of the first arc slot 511, and the position of the antenna axial ratio resonance point can be adjusted by adjusting the length L2 of the second arc slot 512, so that the axial ratio bandwidth can be controlled, and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna can be expanded.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the coupling slot 51 further has a middle slot 516, the first arc slot 511 is connected to one end of the middle slot 516, the second arc slot 512 is connected to the other end of the middle slot 516, and the first arc slot 511 and the second arc slot 512 are respectively bent toward two opposite sides of the middle slot 516; the two coupling slits 51 divide the first metal layer 5 into a central region located between the two coupling slits 51 and a peripheral region surrounding the outside of the two coupling slits 51. As shown in fig. 2, the feeding portion 62 of the feeding microstrip 6 includes a first feeding branch 621 and a second feeding branch 622, the first feeding branch 621 and the second feeding branch 622 are connected to two opposite sides of one end of the connection portion 61, and the other end of the connection portion 61 is electrically connected to the coaxial feeding point 71. Observing the position relation between the feed microstrip 6 and the two coupling gaps 51 along the stacking direction, namely, the projection of the connecting part 61 on the first metal ground layer 5 is positioned between the two coupling gaps 51, the projection of the first feed branch 621 on the first metal ground layer 5 is vertically crossed with the middle gap 516 of one coupling gap 51, and the projection of the second feed branch 622 on the first metal ground layer 5 is vertically crossed with the other coupling gap 51; and the difference between the length L3 of the projection of the first feeding branch 621 on the first metal ground layer 5 in the middle area part and the length L4 of the projection of the second feeding branch 622 on the first metal ground layer 5 in the middle area part is one half of the medium wavelength.
The projection of the first feeding branch 621 on the first metal ground layer 5 perpendicularly crosses the middle slot 516 of one coupling slot 51, which means that the projection of the first feeding branch 621 on the first metal ground layer 5 crosses the middle slot 516 of the one coupling slot 51, the crossing position is located on the middle slot 516, and the projection of the first feeding branch 621 and the part of the middle slot 516 at the crossing position are perpendicular to each other.
Similarly, the projection of the second feeding branch 622 on the first metal ground layer 5 perpendicularly crosses another coupling slot 51, which means that the projection of the second feeding branch 622 on the first metal ground layer 5 crosses a middle slot 516 of the another coupling slot 51, the crossing position is located on the middle slot 516, and the projection of the second feeding branch 622 and the part of the middle slot 516 at the crossing position are perpendicular to each other.
In this embodiment, the first feeding branch 621 is disposed corresponding to one coupling slot 51, and is configured to perpendicularly cross to couple feeding through the one coupling slot 51, and the second feeding branch 622 is disposed corresponding to the other coupling slot 51, and is configured to perpendicularly cross to couple feeding through the other coupling slot 51, so that the feeding microstrip 6 forms a T-shaped power divider; by setting the length difference of the projection of the first feeding branch 621 and the second feeding branch 622 in the middle region to be half of the medium wavelength, the differential feeding of the two coupling slots 51 can be realized, the excitations with equal amplitudes and 90-degree phase difference are ensured to be provided, and the antenna unit is ensured to realize the circular polarization radiation.
Specifically, the coupling slot 51 is divided into a first section 513 and a second section 514 along the length direction, and a boundary 515 between the first section 513 and the second section 514 is a projection of a center line of the first feeding branch 621 or the second feeding branch 622 on the first metal ground layer 5; where the location of the dividing line 515 is associated with the antenna reflection coefficient of the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna element 100.
Wherein the first segment 513 is a partial coupling slot 51 including a first arc slot 511, and the length of the first segment 513 is L5; the second segment 514 is a partial coupling slot 51 including the second circular-arc slot 512, and the length of the second segment 514 is L6.
In this embodiment, the coupling slot 51 is divided into two parts by the projection of the center line of the feeding branch of the feeding microstrip 6, and the relative position of the projection of the center line of the feeding branch of the feeding microstrip 6 and the coupling slot 51 is changed, so that the length L5 of the first segment 513 and the length L6 of the second segment 514 are adjusted, and the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit can be adjusted.
Specifically, the length L5 of the first section 513 of the coupling slot 51 is approximately one-quarter of the dielectric wavelength, the length L6 of the second section 514 is approximately one-half of the dielectric wavelength, and the difference in the lengths of the first section 513 and the second section 514 is one-quarter of the dielectric wavelength.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the middle-section slot 516 may include a plurality of slot sections that are sequentially connected in a turning manner, so that the length of the middle-section slot 516 may be increased in a limited space.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, each of the first feed branch 621 and the second feed branch 622 includes an end branch portion 623 whose projection on the first metal layer 5 is located in the peripheral region, the lengths L7 of the two end branch portions 623 are equal, and the length L7 of the end branch portion 623 is associated with the antenna reflection system of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100.
In this embodiment, the feeding microstrip 6 has two end branch portions 623, and the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit can be adjusted by adjusting the length L7 of the end branch portions 623.
Specifically, the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer 2 is greater than the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer 1 and the dielectric constant of the third dielectric layer 3.
In the embodiment, the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 3 have lower dielectric constants, are made of harder materials, are suitable for multi-layer multi-time lamination and are not easy to deform; by setting the second dielectric layer 2 to have a larger dielectric constant, the dielectric wavelength can be reduced, and further the length of the coupling gap 51 can be shortened, which is beneficial to reducing the volume of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100.
Specifically, the first dielectric layer 1, the second dielectric layer 2 and the third dielectric layer 3 are all millimeter wave radio frequency plates.
In the present embodiment, the antenna unit is integrated on a multilayer millimeter wave radio frequency board, for example, the millimeter wave radio frequency board may be a ceramic board. The type and the model of the millimeter wave radio frequency plate are selected and determined according to the using frequency band of the antenna and the requirement of the array element spacing, so that the antenna unit is ensured to have excellent radiation performance.
Specifically, a plurality of metal through holes 8 are respectively arranged on the second dielectric layer 2 and the third dielectric layer 3, the plurality of metal through holes 8 are respectively connected with the first metal ground layer 5 and the second metal ground layer 7, and the plurality of metal through holes 8 are arranged around the outer outlines of the feeding microstrip 6 and the coupling slot 51 so as to seal the feeding microstrip 6 and the coupling slot 51 in the enclosing range of the plurality of metal through holes 8.
In this embodiment, a plurality of metal through holes 8 are arranged to surround the closed feeding microstrip 6 and the coupling slot 51, and the coupling slot 51 and the feeding microstrip 6 are isolated, so that radio frequency signals in the antenna unit can be isolated, the isolation of the antenna unit is increased, and the influence of electromagnetic radiation of a feeding circuit on an antenna directional diagram can be reduced.
Specifically, a plurality of metal vias 8 near the coaxial feeding point 71 are arranged around a partial periphery of the coaxial feeding point 71.
In the embodiment, the plurality of metal through holes 8 near the coaxial feeding point 71 are arranged around part of the periphery of the coaxial feeding point 71 to semi-surround the coaxial feeding point 71, so that an outer metal layer similar to coaxial feeding is formed, leakage is reduced, and the isolation effect of radio frequency signals is improved.
Specifically, the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 further comprises an adhesive layer 9, wherein the adhesive layer 9 is sandwiched between the first dielectric layer 1 and the first metal layer 5, and between the second dielectric layer 2 and the third dielectric layer 3; the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 is manufactured by a multilayer PCB (printed Circuit Board) mixed compression process.
In this embodiment, the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 is implemented by three layers of media through a multilayer PCB mixed pressing process, and the adhesive layer 9 is used for adhering, pressing and fixing the three layers of media, the first metal stratum 5 and the second metal stratum 7 together, so that the processing and implementation are easy, and the cost is reduced.
Specifically, the adhesion layer 9 is a prepreg, and the type of the prepreg is determined according to the type of the millimeter wave radio frequency plate, for example, the adhesion layer 9 is a prepreg having a performance close to that of the first dielectric layer 1.
In a specific embodiment, the millimeter wave radio frequency plates of the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 3 are made of Rogers 4350B ceramic plates, the dielectric constant is 3.66, the dielectric constant is low, the plates are hard, and the plates are not easy to deform due to multiple layers of pressing. The millimeter wave radio frequency plate of the second dielectric layer 2 is made of Rogers 6010 ceramic plate, the dielectric constant is 10.2, and the coupling gap 51 is shorter. The sticking layer 9 between the ceramic plates is stuck by adopting a prepreg of the type FR28, the dielectric constant is 2.8, and the thickness is 0.1 mm. The total thickness of the antenna element is 1.867 mm.
On the other hand, as shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna, including the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 provided by any of the above embodiments.
By adopting the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 of the embodiment to form a phased array antenna array, a directional diagram has good rotational symmetry, the mutual coupling among array elements can be effectively reduced, and the broadband wide-angle scanning performance is realized.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in order to verify the directional diagram symmetry characteristics of the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 of the present invention, a 4 × 4 array case is designed. The broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 in the above specific embodiment is used as an array element to form a 4 × 4 array, a middle 2 × 2 array is used as a working array element, and surrounding array elements are used as dummy elements. Based on the array parameters, the array can be expanded into an array with any size, and the array parameters are the same as those of the middle 2 x 2 array.
Fig. 4 is a reflection coefficient graph of the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and the array element according to the embodiment of the present invention. The wide-band wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 and the variation curve of the reflection coefficient of the middle array element after the antenna unit array is utilized with the frequency in the embodiment are shown in the figure. In the figure, the axis of abscissa represents frequency, in units (GHz); the ordinate axis represents the value of the reflection coefficient in units (dB).
Fig. 5 is an axial ratio plot of the maximum radiation directions of the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit and the array element according to the embodiment of the present invention. The axial ratio of the broadband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 and the middle array element after array by the antenna unit array in the above-described embodiment is shown. In the figure, the axis of abscissa represents frequency, in units (GHz); the ordinate axis represents the axis ratio in (dB).
As shown in fig. 6, the radiation pattern of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown. The radiation pattern of the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 of the above-described embodiment is shown. In the figure, the axis of abscissa represents an angle, in units (°), which is an angle to the positive direction of the z-axis in the antenna coordinate system; the ordinate axis represents the antenna gain amplitude value in units (dB). The phase angles are shown separately
Dominant polarization (LHCP) and cross polarization (RHCP) radiation patterns on four planes of 45 °, 90 °, 135 °.
As shown in fig. 7, the axial ratio directional diagram of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown. The axial ratio pattern of the broadband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 in the above-described embodiment is shown. In the figure, the axis of abscissa represents an angle, in units (°), which is an angle to the positive direction of the z-axis in the antenna coordinate system; the ordinate axis represents the antenna axis ratio in dB. The phase angles are shown separately
The axial ratio pattern on four surfaces of 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees.
Fig. 8 shows a radiation pattern of an array element of a wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The radiation pattern of the middle array element after array formation of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 using the above-described specific embodiment is shown. In the figure, the axis of abscissa represents an angle, in units (°), which is an angle to the positive direction of the z-axis in the antenna coordinate system; the ordinate axis represents the antenna gain amplitude value in units (dB). The phase angles are shown separately
Four faces of 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degreesUpper main polarization (LHCP) and cross polarization (RHCP) radiation patterns.
As shown in fig. 9, it is an axial ratio directional diagram of an array element of a broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The axial ratio pattern of the middle array element after array formation by the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 in the above-described embodiment is shown. In the figure, the axis of abscissa represents an angle, in units (°), which is an angle to the positive direction of the z-axis in the antenna coordinate system; the ordinate axis represents the antenna axis ratio in (dB). The phase angles are shown separately
The axial ratio pattern is formed by four surfaces of 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees.
As can be seen from fig. 4 to fig. 7, the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 according to the above specific embodiment achieves the following technical criteria:
as can be seen from fig. 4, the reflection coefficient (S11) of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 is within a bandwidth of-10 dB or less: 24.8 GHz-27.8 GHz, 3GHz altogether, and the relative bandwidth reaches 11.5%.
From fig. 5, it can be seen that the axial ratio of the maximum radiation direction of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 is-3 dB or less: 24.8 GHz-27.4 GHz, 2.6GHz altogether, the relative bandwidth reaches 10%.
With reference to fig. 6, a wideband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna element 100
Dominant polarization (LHCP) and cross polarization (RHCP) radiation pattern data on four planes of 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the data in the table above, the 3dB beamwidth
And
two faces,
And
the two surfaces are basically overlapped, the difference between the four surfaces is not large, and the directional diagram has good rotational symmetry.
According to fig. 7, the 3dB axial ratio beam range data for the broadband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 is given in the following table:
from the above table data, the 3dB axial ratio beam of the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 is greater than 160 °.
Through simulation optimization, the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit 100 of the invention forms a 4 × 4 array case, the performance of which is verified, and the result is as follows:
according to the graph in fig. 4, the reflection coefficient (S11) of the array element antenna in the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna array is within the bandwidth of-10 dB below: 25.1 GHz-27.6 GHz, 2.5GHz altogether, and 9.6% of relative bandwidth.
According to fig. 5, the axial ratio of the maximum radiation direction of the array element antenna in the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna array is-3 dB below: 24.9 GHz-27.2 GHz, 2.3GHz altogether, and the relative bandwidth reaches 8.8%.
According to fig. 8, array elements in a wideband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna array
Principal polarization (LHCP) and cross polarization (RHCP) radiation directions on four surfaces of 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degreesThe data can be seen in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table data, the 3dB beamwidth
And
two surfaces,
And
two surfaces are basically overlapped, the difference between the four surfaces is not large, and the directional diagram has good rotational symmetry. The rotational symmetry of the antenna elements is verified to have a decisive effect on the array.
According to fig. 9, the data of the 3dB axial ratio beam range of the array elements in the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna array is shown in the following table:
from the above table data, the 3dB axial ratio beam range (divided by) of the array antenna element
The 3dB axial ratio wave beam range of the surface is reduced to 225 DEG, which is caused by mutual coupling between adjacent array elements after array formation; but the minimum 3dB axial ratio beam range still reaches 118 deg
The mutual coupling between array elements is reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna element, comprising:
the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are sequentially stacked;
the radiation patch is arranged on one side of the first dielectric layer, which is deviated from the second dielectric layer, and is a circular microstrip patch;
the radiation patch comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a plurality of coupling gaps, wherein the first dielectric layer is clamped between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, the first metal layer is provided with two coupling gaps and a plurality of isolation gaps, the two coupling gaps are rotationally symmetrical about a rotation center, the rotation center is superposed with the circle center of the radiation patch in the stacking direction, one end of each coupling gap is provided with a first arc gap bent towards one side, the other end of each coupling gap is provided with a second arc gap bent towards the other opposite side, so that two mutually vertical electromagnetic modes are excited, and the isolation gaps are arranged around the peripheries of the two coupling gaps;
the feed microstrip is clamped between the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer and comprises a connecting part and a feed part, and the feed part is arranged corresponding to the two coupling gaps and is used for coupling and feeding the radiation patch through the two coupling gaps;
the second metal stratum is attached to one side, away from the second dielectric layer, of the third dielectric layer, and a coaxial feed point is arranged on the second metal stratum and electrically connected with the connecting portion.
2. The wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the length of the first circular arc slot is associated with an antenna reflection coefficient of the wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit; the length of the second circular arc slot is related to the position of the antenna axial ratio resonance point of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit.
3. The wideband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the coupling slot further has a middle slot, the first circular arc slot is connected to one end of the middle slot, and the second circular arc slot is connected to the other end of the middle slot; the two coupling gaps divide the first metal stratum into a middle area and a peripheral area, and the middle area is located between the two coupling gaps;
the feeding part comprises a first feeding branch knot and a second feeding branch knot, and the first feeding branch knot and the second feeding branch knot are connected to two opposite sides of one end of the connecting part; the projection of the connecting part on the first metal ground layer is positioned between the two coupling gaps, the projection of the first feed branch on the first metal ground layer is vertically crossed with the middle section gap of one coupling gap, and the projection of the second feed branch on the first metal ground layer is vertically crossed with the middle section gap of the other coupling gap; and the difference between the projection of the first feed branch on the first metal ground layer and the projection of the second feed branch on the first metal ground layer and the length of the middle area part is half of the medium wavelength.
4. The wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the coupling slot is divided into a first section and a second section along the length direction, and the boundary between the first section and the second section is the projection of the center line of the first feeding branch or the second feeding branch on the first metal ground layer; the position of the boundary line is associated with an antenna reflection coefficient of the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit.
5. The wideband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to claim 3, wherein the first feed stub and the second feed stub each comprise an end stub portion projected on the first metal ground layer in the peripheral region, the length of the two end stub portions being equal, and the length of the end stub portions being associated with an antenna reflection coefficient of the wideband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit.
6. The wideband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer is greater than the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer and the dielectric constant of the third dielectric layer.
7. The wideband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are all millimeter wave radio frequency plates.
8. The unit of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a plurality of metal vias are disposed on each of the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer, the plurality of metal vias connect the first metal ground layer and the second metal ground layer, and the plurality of metal vias are disposed around the outer contours of the feeding microstrip and the coupling slot to enclose the feeding microstrip and the coupling slot within the enclosing range of the plurality of metal vias.
9. The wideband wide angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of metal vias near the coaxial feed point are arranged around a partial periphery of the coaxial feed point.
10. The broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit of claim 8, further comprising a pasting layer sandwiched between the first dielectric layer and the first metal ground layer, and sandwiched between the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer; the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit is manufactured by a multilayer PCB mixed pressing process.
11. A broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna array comprising the broadband wide-angle scanning circularly polarized millimeter wave phased array antenna unit of any one of claims 1 to 10.
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| CN117154423A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 成都辰星迅联科技有限公司 | Planar Gao Rongcha millimeter wave phased array antenna |
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| CN117154423A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 成都辰星迅联科技有限公司 | Planar Gao Rongcha millimeter wave phased array antenna |
| CN117154423B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-29 | 成都辰星迅联科技有限公司 | Planar Gao Rongcha millimeter wave phased array antenna |
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