CN115621602A - 包括冷却通道的结构电池 - Google Patents

包括冷却通道的结构电池 Download PDF

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CN115621602A
CN115621602A CN202210831339.0A CN202210831339A CN115621602A CN 115621602 A CN115621602 A CN 115621602A CN 202210831339 A CN202210831339 A CN 202210831339A CN 115621602 A CN115621602 A CN 115621602A
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battery
bracket
transverse
extending
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D.卡尔森
M.杰尔姆沃尔伯格
S.维齐尼
K.佩尔森
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Volvo Car Corp
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Abstract

一种用于电动车辆的电池组件，包括沿长度方向L延伸的两个间隔开的纵向型材，其与前横向梁和后横向梁互连。至少三个梁形电池模块通过板形互连构件沿着它们的纵向侧互连，且沿长度方向延伸，通过支架附接到前横向梁的内表面。每个电池模块设置有冷却通道，其沿长度方向L延伸并具有位于模块的横向端面和前横向梁的内表面之间的入口。进水管道从位于支架之间的中心区域的前横向梁的外侧延伸，连接到中心电池模块的冷却剂入口。前横向梁的外侧上的连接区域被设置用于附接到前框架部件，该前框架部件位于与支架相对的中心区域附近，且分支管道通过穿过支架的通道在中心模块的前横向侧之间延伸到入口，该入口位于侧模块的横向端面和前横向梁之间。

Description

包括冷却通道的结构电池
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的电池组件，该电池组件包括沿长度方向延伸的两个间隔开的纵向型材，这两个纵向型材互连到前横向梁和后横向梁。
本发明还涉及一种包括这种电池组件的电动车辆。
背景技术
电动车辆(也称为电池电动车辆，简称BEV)使用电池组为传动系/(多个)电机提供电力。为了用当前的电池单元技术提供足够的范围，符合客户对化石燃料汽车的期望，BEV电池位于乘客舱的下方，基本上位于地板下方。总体设计复杂性包括将电池单元体积(范围)最大化到汽车设置提供的给定占地区(面积/体积)中，以尽可能降低重量(范围/环境影响)，同时最大化高度重要的属性，如碰撞安全性和车辆刚度(NVH和驾驶员体验)。
直到最近，电池电动车辆组一直作为独立单元，其主要功能是作为电池的电池单元和模块的安全笼，防止导致主要故障的侵入，同时还保护电池组内部的敏感电子设备免受外部环境的影响。这种想法导致了双重结构，车辆的电池和车身。如果将两个系统视为一个系统并将其设计为一个系统，则具有带有必要间隙的双重结构，以允许公差和通用装配，占据了本来可以用于集成更多电池单元体积的体积，进一步增加了范围。当前技术正在通过使用更大的占地区来补偿这种较低的体积效率，导致框架结构和电池单元占地区之间的更短的停止距离(在纵向和横向方向上)。车辆尺寸的增加导致能量含量的增加。
已知提供结构电池，其中电池外壳形成车身的底部，并且移除传统的前地板。电池的电池单元的阵列通过树脂保持在保护外壳内的适当位置。
电池组是一个高度集成的单元，具有许多争夺体积(空间)的不同组件。一般来说，在电动汽车技术中，电池单元和结构是重中之重，因为前者提供所需的能量(范围)，而后者涉及安全和安装特性。紧接着是冷却系统和各种电气组件，它们对于连接所有电池单元、控制功率输出和监控电池健康也非常重要。目前，包含当前技术和最先进的电池单元的电池组在没有主动冷却系统的情况下将无法工作，该主动冷却系统涉及与电池的电池单元接触的冷却回路，流体在该冷却回路中循环。
一个主要的设计挑战是如何将高效冷却系统集成到电池组中，而不会过多地损害电池单元的体积或结构完整性，因为这会导致较低的能量含量或增加的结构重量，以补偿薄弱部分和/或接头。当前技术在一个实施例中通过将冷却管道布置在电池组外部来解决这个问题。然而，这种解决方案在噪声、振动和不平顺性(NVH)性能上损害太多。另一种选择是提供更简单的内部电池组结构，其中冷却管道更容易贯通。然而，这转化为较弱的电池组，并且通过增加电池体积或车身体积来补偿，导致重量增加。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种紧凑且扭转刚性(torsionally stiff)的电池组，该电池组具有高效且屏蔽良好的冷却系统。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种电池组，该电池组为由该电池组供电的电动车辆的用户提供良好的NVH性能。本发明的又一个目的是提供一种冷却结构的电池组件，其可以刚性地附接到电动车辆的前框架结构上。
发明内容
根据本申请的用于电动车辆的电池组件包括沿长度方向延伸的两个间隔开的纵向型材，纵向型材互连到前横向梁和后横向梁，至少三个梁形电池模块，其通过板形互连构件沿着它们的纵向侧互连，互连构件在长度方向上延伸并通过支架附接到前横向梁的内表面，
包括冷却通道的每个电池模块，冷却通道沿其长度方向延伸并且具有位于模块的横向端面和前横向梁的内表面之间的入口，
进水管道，该进水管道从位于支架之间的中心区域的前横向梁的外侧延伸，连接到中心电池模块的入口，
前横向梁的外侧上的连接区域，用于附接到前框架部件，前框架部件位于与支架相对的中心区域附近，以及
分支管道，该分支管道通过穿过支架的通道在中心模块的前横向侧之间延伸到入口，该入口在侧模块的横向端面和前横向梁之间。
每个可包含30-50个电池的电池单元的电池模块通过互连构件沿它们的纵向侧互连。电池单元与互连构件的连接可以是如欧洲专利申请号***中所述的粘合剂连接，或者通过如申请人在同一天提交的欧洲专利申请号***中所述的矩阵结构。互连构件通过支架刚性连接到附接到纵向门槛型材的前横向梁和后横向梁上。前横向梁的内表面处的支架提供了刚性连接区域，前框架结构可以通过前横向梁的外表面附接到该刚性连接区域。
结构电池通过支架牢固地固定在前框架部件上，引起具有改进的NVH性能的刚性结构，同时冷却歧管容纳在电池模块的横向侧和前横向梁的内侧之间。这为管道免受机械力的影响提供了很好的保护，并且不会增加结构电池的占地区。冷却通道在支架材料内形成，并且当冷却液从主入口行进到外部电池模块的上冷却板和/或下冷却板中的冷却通道时，在支架的位置处形成用于冷却液的短的、重量轻且屏蔽良好的路径。由于支架内的冷却管道和通道部分位于前横向梁和纵向门槛型材的周边内，因此它们分别受到前横向梁和支架和型材的良好保护，免受冲击。
支架内的冷却通道可通过铸造或机械加工在支架的材料内整体形成。
支架可以具有大致三角形的横截面，具有与互连构件和前横向梁相邻的两个矩形侧面和一个倾斜面，限定了上横向表面和下横向表面，通道在横向平面中延伸，通道附接到侧面和位于上横向表面和下横向表面之间的倾斜面。通道的横向平面形成了加强支架结构的剪切平面，允许支架具有减小的厚度和重量。
在根据本申请的实施例中，支架在面向横向梁的侧面中设置有连接通道，用于接收延伸穿过前横向梁的前框架部件的连接器销。
互连构件在其前端可以设置有用于冷却剂通道的贯通开口，并且通过延伸穿过构件的连接器构件、穿过面向互连构件的支架的侧面中的通道而附接。根据本公开的电动车辆包括如本申请的权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池组件。
附图说明
将参照附图以非限制性示例的方式详细描述根据本公开的电池组的实施例。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本申请的电动车辆的框架和电池组，
图2示出了根据本公开的电池组的互连电池模块的透视图，
图3示出了连接到前框架结构的根据本公开的电池组的俯视图，
图4示出了根据本公开的电池组的透视图，其中顶部冷却板被移除，
图5以放大的比例示出了图4的电池组的细节，
图6示出了图4所示的根据本公开的具有一体式冷却通道的支架，
图7示出了根据本公开的附接到支架的互连构件和前框架支架，
图8示出了图7的互连构件和支架的放大比例的细节的透视侧视图，
图9示出了图7的互连构件和支架的俯视图，以及
图10示出了穿过图7的支架的垂直剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了电动车辆的框架1，其包括前框架结构2、包括后地板的后框架结构3以及形成底部结构5的结构电池组件4。结构电池组件4包括纵向侧型材6、7，其将前框架结构2和后框架结构3互连，并支撑互连的电池模块的电池组9。横梁11、12，例如通过点焊连接到电池组9的顶板10上，并沿横向方向延伸，将侧型材6、7互连。
图2以放大图示出了四个互连的电池模块15、16、17、18。每个模块包括由冷却板20、21覆盖的多个互连的电池的电池单元。每个冷却板20、21设置有沿长度方向L延伸的冷却通道23、24。模块15-18沿着它们的纵向侧26、27、28、29、30通过粘合剂条32、33互连。
沿电池模块15-18的纵向侧26、29、30提供互连构件35、36，粘合剂施加于这些侧面。挤压的中空中心型材37在每一侧上粘合连接到两个模块15、16；17、18。
图3示出了图1的电池组9的俯视图，其中移除了顶板10。纵向侧型材6、7连接到前横向梁40上。互连构件35、36通过支架43、48连接到前横向梁40的内表面42。前框架结构2通过支架45、46附接，在前横向梁40的外表面47上限定连接区域，用于连接到前框架结构2。通过位于支架43、48和45、46之间的前横向梁40的中心区域的冷却剂入口喷嘴44，冷却剂被供应到模块15-18的冷却通道23、24。
图4示出了移除了冷却板20、21的电池组9，并示出了后横向梁50，互连构件35、36和中心型材37连接至后横向梁50。冷却剂的出口歧管设置在后横向梁50上。示出了模块15-18的单个电池的电池单元。可以看出，设置了两个冷却剂入口52、53，它们延伸穿过前横向梁40，并且通过分支管道在横向方向上延伸，连接到外部模块15、18的冷却流体入口55、56。
图5和图6示出了在电池模块16的横向端板60和前横向梁40的内表面42之间延伸的冷却剂管道54的放大图。管道54从入口52分支并延伸到支架43，并通过支架43经由通道57到达模块15的冷却剂入口55，电池的电池单元已经从图中省略。在该实施例中，模块15的入口55位于横向端板59和前横向梁40的内表面42之间，并且连接到底部冷却板58中的冷却通道，该底部冷却板58可以与顶部冷却板20、21结合使用，或者作为顶部冷却板20、21的替代。
图7示出了力F，该力从前框架结构2通过支架46传递至支架48，并从那里沿纵向方向传递至互连构件36。力矩M由支架48承受。图中省略了前横向梁40。
图8示出了设置在互连结构36中用于冷却剂管道67的通道68。
图9示出了支架48的侧面62、63通过前横向梁40(未示出)分别连接到前框架结构2的支架45和互连构件35。支架48的倾斜面64面向入口56，并且冷却剂管道67连接到入口56。
图10示出了支架48的剪切平面69，其限定了冷却剂管道67，并在支架48的顶部平面70和底部平面71之间延伸，将侧面62和倾斜面64互连。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于电动车辆的电池组件(9)，包括沿长度方向L延伸的两个间隔开的纵向型材(6，7)，所述纵向型材(6，7)互连到前横向梁和后横向梁(40，50)，至少三个梁形电池模块(15-18)，其通过板形互连构件(35，36)沿着它们的纵向侧(26-29)互连，互连构件(35，36)，其在所述长度方向上延伸并通过支架(43，46)附接到所述前横向梁(40)的内表面(42)，
包括冷却通道(23，24)的每个电池模块(15-18)，所述冷却通道(23，24)沿所述长度方向L延伸并且具有位于模块的横向端面(59，60)和所述前横向梁(40)的内表面(42)之间的入口(55，56)，
冷却剂入口管道(52，53)，所述冷却剂入口管道(52，53)从位于所述支架(43，48)之间的中心区域的所述前横向梁(40)的外侧延伸，连接到中心电池模块(16，17)的冷却剂入口，
所述前横向梁(40)的外侧上的连接区域，用于附接到前框架部件(2，45，46)，所述前框架部件(2，45，46)位于与所述支架(43,48)相对的所述中心区域附近，以及
分支管道(54)，所述分支管道(54)通过穿过所述支架(43，48)的通道(57，67)在所述中心模块(16，17)的前横向侧(60)之间延伸到入口(55，56)，所述入口(55，56)位于侧模块(15，18)的所述横向端面(59)和所述前横向梁(40)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池组件(9)，其中，所述通道(57，67)通过铸造或机械加工一体地形成在所述支架(43，48)的材料中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电池组件(9)，其中，所述支架(43，48)具有大致三角形的横截面，具有与所述互连构件(35，36)和所述前横向梁(40)相邻的两个矩形侧面(62，63)以及倾斜面(64)，所述支架(43，48)包括上横向表面和下横向表面(70，71)，所述通道在横向平面(69)中延伸(57，67)，所述通道附接到侧面(62，63)和位于所述上横向表面和下横向表面(70，71)之间的所述倾斜面(64)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电池组件(9)，在与所述横向梁(40)相邻的所述侧面(62)中的所述支架(43，48)设置有用于接收延伸穿过所述前横向梁(40)的前框架部件(2)的连接器销的连接通道。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电池组件(9)，其中，所述互连构件(35，36)在其前端设置有用于冷却剂通道(67)的贯通开口(68)，并且通过延伸穿过所述互连构件(35，36)的连接器构件、穿过面向所述互连构件(35，36)的所述支架(48)的所述侧面(63)中的通道而附接。
6.一种电动车辆，包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电池组件(9)。
CN202210831339.0A 2021-07-16 2022-07-14 包括冷却通道的结构电池 Pending CN115621602A (zh)

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