CN115621495A

CN115621495A - Gas distributor

Info

Publication number: CN115621495A
Application number: CN202211120077.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贾礼超; 吴军; 王欣; 颜冬; 李箭
Original assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2022-09-14
Filing date: 2022-09-14
Publication date: 2023-01-17

Abstract

The invention relates to a gas distributor, which comprises a metal plate, wherein the metal plate comprises a plate body, a plurality of forming holes are formed in the plate body, each forming hole is correspondingly connected with a slope boss, each slope boss comprises a slope section and a top platform section, one end of the slope section is connected to the edge of the forming hole, the top platform section is connected to the other end of the slope section, the included angle between the slope section and the plate body is alpha, the included angle between the top platform section and the slope section is beta, wherein alpha is more than or equal to 30 degrees and alpha + beta =180 degrees, the gas flow velocity perpendicular to the plate body direction is improved through the slope section, then the top platform section divides the gas and improves the mixing uniformity of the gas, and the gas distributor is used in a solid oxide fuel cell, can improve the gas velocity in a porous electrode parallel to a three-phase interface (TPB), can improve the gas velocity perpendicular to the gas distributor and optimizes mass transfer performance.

Description

Gas distributor

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field related to flat-plate solid oxide fuel cells, in particular to a gas distributor.

Background

The fuel cell is a power generation device which directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel into electric energy, and is not limited by Carnot cycle because of no combustion and mechanical operation process, and can achieve very high power generation efficiency, about 40% -60%. The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is a high-temperature fuel cell, and the working temperature is 600-800 ℃. Among various fuel cells, the fuel cell has the highest volume energy density, can realize high-efficiency high-power output, and has energy conversion efficiency of over 80 percent in terms of combined heat and power. Meanwhile, the emission of SOx and NOx is almost zero, the power generation noise is very low, and the power generation method is environment-friendly. The SOFC can directly use hydrocarbons such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas and the like as fuel gas, and has good energy adaptability. Therefore, the SOFC can be applied to the power demand departments from several watts to megawatt, is suitable for being used as a dispersed power supply, a mobile power supply or a medium-large power station, and has wide application prospects in the aspects of power, transportation and military affairs. The power of SOFC single cells is limited, and in order to obtain a higher power stack, a connector must be used to realize high power stack assembly, so the connector is a very critical component in the stack. It connects the cathode and anode of adjacent single cells in the stack, collects current, distributes gas, and blocks fuel and air. With the decrease of the SOFC operation temperature, some special metal materials become possible to be used as connectors, and the metal materials need to simultaneously meet the technical requirements of matching the thermal expansion coefficient with a single cell, having high-temperature oxidation resistance, stronger high-temperature conductivity and the like. The metal connector material and the structure of the connector are closely related to the performance of the galvanic pile, and the reasonable connector design can realize uniform distribution of a flow field in the galvanic pile, reduce interface contact resistance between layers, improve stress distribution between galvanic pile components and improve the current collection capability of the connector. The existing connectors can be divided into two categories of ceramics and metals; the ceramic connector is represented by LaCr0, and has extremely high processing cost, which accounts for 70% of the whole galvanic pile cost.

The structure of the connecting piece of the existing flat-plate type solid oxide fuel cell is shown in figure 1 and mainly comprises an air inlet 1-1, an air outlet 1-2, parallel ribs 1-3 and a gas channel 1-4. The parallel ribs serve to divide the entire flow field to form gas channels, and collect current from the porous electrode of the SOFC via the top ends of the parallel ribs. The basic process of gas flowing in the connecting piece is that reaction gas enters from the gas inlet 1-1, flows through the gas channel and generates electrochemical reaction, and then flows out from the gas outlet 1-2. However, this structure has poor uniformity of air flow distribution, resulting in poor overall performance and thermo-mechanical stability of the battery.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above description, the present invention provides a gas distributor to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the uniformity of the gas flow distribution of mutually separated linear gas channels is poor, resulting in poor overall performance and thermal-mechanical stability of the battery.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a gas distributor comprises a metal plate, wherein the metal plate comprises a plate body, a plurality of forming holes are formed in the plate body, a slope boss is correspondingly connected to each forming hole, each slope boss comprises a slope section and a top platform section, one end of the slope section is connected to the edge of each forming hole, the top platform section is connected to the other end of the slope section, an included angle between the slope section and the plate body is alpha, an included angle between the top platform section and the slope section is beta, and alpha is larger than or equal to 30 degrees and alpha + beta =180 degrees.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial technical effects:

the application provides a gas distributor, its adoption forms the shaping hole on the plate body, simultaneously through forming the slope boss at shaping hole department, wherein, the slope boss includes slope section and top platform section, the one end of slope section connect in shaping hole edge, the top platform section connect in the other end of slope section, gaseous slope section has improved the gas flow velocity of perpendicular to plate body direction, then the top platform section is cut apart gas and is improved gaseous mixing homogeneity, and it is arranged in solid oxide fuel cell, not only can improve the gas velocity in the porous electrode that is on a parallel with three-phase boundary (TPB), can also improve the gas velocity of perpendicular to it and optimize mass transfer performance.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.

Furthermore, the slope boss is formed by punching the material at the corresponding forming hole.

Further, the included angle range of the alpha is 30-60 degrees.

Furthermore, the forming holes are distributed on the plate body in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, and the forming holes in two adjacent rows or two adjacent columns are arranged in a staggered manner.

Furthermore, the forming holes are rectangular holes, and the slope sections of the slope bosses are connected to the long sides of the corresponding forming holes.

Furthermore, the long sides of all the forming holes are arranged in parallel, and the slope sections of all the slope bosses are arranged in parallel and are positioned on the same side of the corresponding forming holes.

Furthermore, the long edges of the two adjacent rows or two adjacent columns of the forming holes are vertically arranged, the slope sections corresponding to the forming holes arranged in the same direction are arranged in parallel, and all the parallel slope sections are connected to the same side of the corresponding forming holes.

Furthermore, the plate body is a rectangular plate, and the length direction of the forming holes and the side edge of the rectangular plate are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees.

Furthermore, the air inlet side of the air distributor is located on the side, away from the opening, of the slope boss, and the air outlet side of the air distributor is located on the side, towards the opening, of the slope boss.

Furthermore, one side of all the top platform sections, which is far away from the plate body, is positioned on the same horizontal plane.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art gas distribution plate;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas distributor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of the ramp boss of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ramp boss of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative ramp boss of the first embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another alternative ramp boss of the first embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a gas distributor according to a second embodiment;

fig. 8 is a partial schematic view of the ramp boss of fig. 7.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments of the present application are given in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the present application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

It is to be understood that spatial relationship terms such as "under" \8230; under "," ' under 8230; \8230; under "\8230;," ' over 8230; over "", "" over "", etc., may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements or features described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "at 8230; \8230below" and "at 8230; \8230, below" may include both upper and lower orientations. In addition, the device may comprise additional orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatial descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be connected to the other element through intervening elements. The "connection" in the following embodiments is understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", or the like if the connected circuits, modules, units, or the like have electrical signals or data transmission therebetween.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "includes" or "including," or "having," and the like, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

The gas channel design of the planar solid oxide fuel cell in the prior art is straightforward, and most of the gas channels are separated from each other as shown in fig. 1. From the view point of gas transmission, the gases are completely and independently separated among different channels only when flowing, so that the gases among different channels cannot be effectively mixed and diffused with each other, and the distribution uniformity of the cathode gas of the solid oxide fuel cell is further influenced.

This problem is well solved by the embodiments of the present application, which provide a gas distributor comprising a metal plate 10, as shown in fig. 2.

It can be understood that, in order to realize gas distribution and effective heat and electricity conduction, all the metal materials that can be made into a plate shape can be theoretically used for making the metal plate in the embodiment of the present application, as a preferred embodiment, the metal plate is made of a ferritic stainless steel plate with a thickness of 0.5mm (error deviation ± 0.1 mm), and has good electrical conductivity, large heat conductivity coefficient and small expansion coefficient. Good oxidation resistance and excellent stress corrosion resistance, and can be applied in a working temperature range of 800-1000 ℃.

The metal plate 10 includes a plate body 11, wherein a plurality of forming holes 11a are formed on the plate body 11, and a slope boss 12 is correspondingly connected to each forming hole 11 a.

In order to facilitate the processing of the gas distributor and reduce the processing cost thereof, the slope boss 12 is formed by punching the material at the corresponding forming hole 11 a.

In the present application, the slope protrusion 12 includes a slope section 121 and a top platform section 122, one end of the slope section 121 is connected to the edge of the forming hole 11a, and the top platform section 122 is connected to the other end of the slope section 121.

Slope section 121 and plate body 11 between constitute a slope structure, its one end is connected on plate body 11 promptly, and the other end extends and constitutes an contained angle alpha with the plate body to keeping away from plate body 11, and top platform section 122 is connected in the one end that the plate body was kept away from to slope section 121, forms an contained angle beta between top platform section 122 and the slope section 121, in order to guarantee the gas circulation in this application, alpha is more than or equal to 30 and alpha + beta =180, and top platform section 122 and plate body parallel arrangement promptly.

In order to ensure the speed and flow rate of gas circulation, the forming holes 11a are distributed on the plate body in multiple rows and multiple columns, and the forming holes 11a in two adjacent rows or two adjacent columns are arranged in a staggered manner.

Preferably, the forming holes 11a are rectangular holes, the slope sections 121 of the slope bosses 12 are connected to the long sides of the corresponding forming holes 11a, the slope sections 12 are connected to the long sides, so that the width of the slope bosses 12 can be effectively ensured, and the slope sections 121 have larger variable areas and increase the gas guiding capacity under the condition of the same height.

As a first preferred embodiment of the present application, the long sides of all the forming holes 11a are arranged in parallel, and the slope segments 121 of all the slope bosses 12 are arranged in parallel and located on the same side of the corresponding forming holes 11a, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, all the slope segments 121 are located on the left side of the forming holes 11a, and extend obliquely to the right, while the top platform segment 122 extends horizontally to the right.

In the above preferred embodiment, the basic size of the projection plane of the slope protrusion 12 on the plate body 11 is a rectangle of 2.5mm × 3mm, wherein the slope section 121 forms an angle of 45 ° with the plane of the plate body 11, the top platform section 122 is a rectangle of 1mm × 3mm, the air inlet side of the slope protrusion is located on the side away from the opening of the slope protrusion 12, i.e., the lower left side in fig. 2, the air outlet side is located on the side toward which the opening of the slope protrusion 12 faces, i.e., the upper right side in fig. 2, the adjacent rows of the slope protrusions 12 in the cathode gas inlet direction are spaced by 3mm, and the adjacent rows in the perpendicular cathode gas inlet direction are spaced by 1mm.

As an alternative to this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, when the slope segment 121 forms an angle of 30 ° with the plane of the plate body 11, the basic size of the slope boss 12 on the projection plane of the plate body is 3.2mm × 3mm; as a further alternative, as shown in fig. 6, when the ramp segment 121 is at an angle of 60 ° to the plane of the plate body 11, the basic dimension of the ramp boss 12 in the projection plane of the plate body is 2.1mm × 3mm.

Preferably, all the top platform sections 122 are located at the same level on the side remote from the plate body 11, and the top platform sections 122 may be used for collecting current from the porous electrodes of the SOFC.

As a second preferred embodiment of the present application, the long sides of the forming holes 11a in two adjacent rows or two adjacent columns are vertically disposed, the slope sections 121 corresponding to the forming holes 11a arranged in the same direction are disposed in parallel, and all the parallel slope sections 121 are connected to the same side of the corresponding forming holes 11a, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the forming holes 11a have two arrangements, the forming holes 11a in the two arrangements are vertically disposed in the length direction, and the forming holes in the two arrangements are alternately disposed, that is, the forming holes 111a are disposed in one arrangement in each row or each column, and then disposed in another arrangement in adjacent rows and adjacent columns, wherein the forming holes 11a in the two arrangements respectively correspond to two different slope boss 12 forming manners, the slope bosses 12 corresponding to the forming holes 11a in the same arrangement are connected in the same manner, which is similar to the first embodiment, the gas inlet side is the side away from the opening of the slope boss 12, the gas outlet side is the side toward which the slope boss 12 opens, and when the cathode gas flows out from the two slope bosses 12, the mixed gas flows and collides with the cathode gas, and further improves the uniformity of the cathode.

More preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the plate body 11 is a rectangular plate, the length direction of the forming hole 11a is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the side edge of the rectangular plate,

in combination with the gas distributor of the two types of embodiments, the gas flow rate of cathode gas perpendicular to the plate body direction is increased by the structural design of the slope bosses 12, and then the gas is divided and the mixing uniformity of the gas is improved by the top platform section 122, so that the gas distributor can be used in a solid oxide fuel cell, not only can the gas speed in a porous electrode parallel to a three-phase interface (TPB) be increased, but also the gas speed perpendicular to the gas distributor can be increased, and the mass transfer performance can be optimized.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The gas distributor is characterized by comprising a metal plate, wherein the metal plate comprises a plate body, a plurality of forming holes are formed in the plate body, each forming hole is correspondingly connected with a slope boss, each slope boss comprises a slope section and a top platform section, one end of the slope section is connected to the edge of the forming hole, the top platform section is connected to the other end of the slope section, an included angle between the slope section and the plate body is alpha, an included angle between the top platform section and the slope section is beta, wherein alpha is larger than or equal to 30 degrees, and alpha + beta =180 degrees.

2. The gas distributor of claim 1, wherein the ramp boss is stamped and formed of material at the corresponding forming hole.

3. A gas distributor according to claim 1 wherein the included angle α is in the range 30 ° to 60 °.

4. A gas distributor according to claim 3 wherein the holes are arranged in a plurality of rows and columns on the plate body, and the holes in two adjacent rows or two adjacent columns are staggered.

5. The gas distributor of claim 1, wherein the shaped apertures are rectangular apertures, and the ramp segments of the ramp bosses are connected to the long sides of the corresponding shaped apertures.

6. The gas distributor of claim 5, wherein the long sides of all of the shaped holes are arranged in parallel, and the ramp segments of all of the ramp bosses are arranged in parallel and on the same side of the corresponding shaped holes.

7. A gas distributor according to claim 5, wherein the long sides of the forming holes in two adjacent rows or two adjacent columns are arranged vertically, the slope sections corresponding to the forming holes arranged in the same direction are arranged in parallel, and all the parallel slope sections are connected to the same side of the corresponding forming hole.

8. A gas distributor according to claim 6 wherein the plate body is a rectangular plate and the length of the shaped apertures is arranged at an angle of 45 ° to the sides of the rectangular plate.

9. The gas distributor of claim 6, wherein the gas inlet side of the gas distributor is located on a side of the ramp boss from which the flare is directed and the gas outlet side is located on a side of the ramp boss toward which the flare is directed.

10. A gas distributor according to claim 1 wherein all of the sides of the top deck sections remote from the plate are in the same horizontal plane.