CN115616800A - Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal - Google Patents

Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal Download PDF

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CN115616800A
CN115616800A CN202210967175.4A CN202210967175A CN115616800A CN 115616800 A CN115616800 A CN 115616800A CN 202210967175 A CN202210967175 A CN 202210967175A CN 115616800 A CN115616800 A CN 115616800A
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magneto
optical
crystal
faraday
optical crystal
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付秀伟
辛显辉
贾志泰
陶绪堂
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Shandong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/093—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B27/00—Single-crystal growth under a protective fluid
    • C30B27/02—Single-crystal growth under a protective fluid by pulling from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
    • C30B29/16—Oxides
    • C30B29/22—Complex oxides
    • C30B29/28—Complex oxides with formula A3Me5O12 wherein A is a rare earth metal and Me is Fe, Ga, Sc, Cr, Co or Al, e.g. garnets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
    • G02F1/0036—Magneto-optical materials

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal, which comprises: the Faraday rotator comprises a magnetic coil and a magneto-optical crystal arranged in the magnetic coil, wherein the magneto-optical crystal is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal, and the molecular formula of the crystal is Tb 3 (Al 1‑x Ga x ) 5 O 12 ,0<x is less than or equal to 0.65. The Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal greatly reduces the thermal depolarization effect, can effectively improve the condition of application performance degradation under high power, and has great application in the aspect of miniaturization of devicesAnd (4) potential. And the cost is low, thereby being very beneficial to commercial application.

Description

Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystals, belonging to the field of optical crystal devices.
Background
In recent years, optical communication technologies (5G communication, optical fiber communication, etc.) have been rapidly developed in the directions of high speed, high precision and large capacity, and high-power lasers have been increasingly powered due to the development requirements in the fields of national defense, military industry, etc. The Faraday magnetic light isolator is used as a basic element of a laser system, reflected light is effectively isolated to protect a front-end system, unidirectional laser transmission is ensured, and the stability of a light path is improved. The Faraday magneto-optical isolator is a nonreciprocal passive device, also called optical diode, mainly utilizes Faraday effect of magneto-optical material, only allows optical unidirectional transmission, can ensure optical unidirectional transmission in laser system, can reduce unstable oscillation caused by reflected light, and can prevent parasitic oscillation in amplifier system or frequency instability in laser diode. Therefore, optical isolators are often configured for use between a light source and other optical components.
The optical isolator generally comprises a polarizer on the incident light side, a magneto-optical material (e.g., glass, ceramic, crystalline material), a faraday rotator consisting of a magnet or coil, and an analyzer on the outgoing light side. A magnetic field is applied parallel to the direction of the incident light and the polarization of the light is deflected as it passes through the magneto-optical material. According to the characteristics of magneto-optical materials, the Faraday rotator can be adjusted to ensure that the deflection angle of light is 45 degrees, then the positions of the polarizer and the analyzer are adjusted, and when the light is emitted in the forward direction, the light can successfully pass through the analyzer. Because the polarization direction of light is irrelevant with the direction of incident light, when light is reversely injected, the polarization plane of the light is 90 degrees with the polarization direction of the polarizer after the light penetrates through the Faraday rotor, namely, the light cannot pass through the polarizer, and the effect of reverse isolation is achieved.
Magneto-optical materials, as the most critical component of an optical isolator, fundamentally determine the performance of the optical isolator. Compared with magneto-optical glass and magneto-optical ceramic, the magneto-optical crystal has very wide commercial application and great advantages in the aspect of high-power application due to high Verdet constant, high transmittance, high thermal property, high laser damage threshold and low temperature coefficient. With the increasing power of lasers, the performance of isolators at high power is easily degraded, and it is necessary to match optical isolators suitable for use at high power. The fundamental reason of the performance degradation of the device is that the thermal depolarization effect caused by the heat absorption of the material reduces the isolation, increases the caliber of the device, reduces the length of the material, improves the thermal performance of the material, and can effectively reduce the thermal depolarization effect of the material. The magneto-optical crystal belonging to the cubic system has better optical and thermal properties, and also has the characteristics of high symmetry, small temperature coefficient and good structural stability, so that the magneto-optical crystal is widely applied to magneto-optical isolators. Tb in the wavelength range of 400-1100nm (excluding 470-500 nm) 3 Ga 5 O 12 (TGG) and Tb 3 Sc 2 Al 3 O 12 (TSAG) is currently the most commercially valuable and widely used magneto-optical crystal. However, ga is still present in TGG crystal during the growth process 2 O 3 Easy volatilization and easy generation of spiral growth and the like. TSAG crystal has a Verdet constant higher than that of TGG by about 20% (Faraday rotation angle θ = VHL, and the larger Verdet constant V is, the smaller the length of material required to obtain the same rotation angle), has an absorption coefficient lower than that of TGG by about 30%, has thermal properties superior to that of TGG, and is an ideal material for producing a high-power optical isolator. The TAG crystal has the most excellent performance, but because the TAG crystal has the characteristic of non-uniform melting, the application-level size single crystal is difficult to grow by adopting a general melt method (such as a pulling method, a guide mode method, a Bridgman method and the like), the large-scale production cannot be carried out, and the TAG crystal has no use value at present.
Therefore, there is a need to find a magneto-optical crystal having a large verdet constant, a reduced material length, good thermal properties, a low absorption coefficient, good growth characteristics, and a low manufacturing cost. The Faraday rotor made of the crystal can meet the requirements of miniaturization and high-power application of devices, and can obtain a Faraday magneto-optical isolator with excellent performance.
The invention is therefore proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a Faraday magneto-optical separator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal, which has excellent magneto-optical, thermal and optical properties in a 400-1100nm (excluding 470-500 nm) wave band. The magneto-optical crystal is low in production cost and growth difficulty, the size of the isolator can be effectively reduced by the Faraday rotor prepared from the magneto-optical crystal, the thermal depolarization effect is reduced, the isolation degree of the device is improved, and the requirements of miniaturization and high-power application of the magneto-optical isolator can be met.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal, comprising:
the Faraday rotator comprises a magnetic coil and a magneto-optical crystal arranged in the magnetic coil, wherein the magneto-optical crystal is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal, and the molecular formula of the crystal is Tb 3 (Al 1-x Ga x ) 5 O 12 ,0<x≤0.65。
According to the invention, preferably, the magneto-optical crystal has a transmittance of more than 80% in a wavelength range of 400-1100nm, excluding 470-500 nm.
According to the invention, preferably, the magneto-optical crystal is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal with a crystal molecular formula of Tb 3 (Al 1-x Ga x ) 5 O 12 ,0<x≤0.4。
According to the invention, preferably, an antireflection film is arranged on the surface of the magneto-optical crystal in the optical path direction.
According to the present invention, preferably, the magneto-optical crystal is a crystal of <111> orientation.
According to the present invention, preferably, the magneto-optical crystal has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 8.48 x 10 -6 /K。
According to the invention, the Faraday rotor is preferably cylindrical or rectangular.
According to the invention, the faraday deflection angle of the faraday rotator is preferably 30 ° to 60 °, most preferably 45 °.
According to the invention, the magneto-optical crystal is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal with a molecular formula of Tb 3 (Al 1- x Ga x ) 5 O 12 , 0<x is less than or equal to 0.65, TAGG for short. The crystal belongs to a cubic crystal system, and the space group is Ia-3d (230), ga 3+ Al substituted for octahedral and tetrahedral sites 3+ 。
The TAGG crystal adopted by the invention has a Verdet constant of 1.1-1.3 times of TGG at room temperature, and under the same condition, the sample size required by the TAGG crystal for obtaining the same Faraday deflection angle can be reduced, so that the thermal depolarization effect can be effectively relieved. The TAGG crystal needs to be used after optical polishing or coating, and the higher the polishing level and the coating level are, the less light is lost through the isolator.
The TAGG crystal adopted by the invention belongs to a cubic crystal system, has anisotropy in magneto-optical performance, has the best magneto-optical performance in the <111> direction, and the crystal in the <111> direction is preferably selected when the isolator is prepared.
The thermal conductivity of the TAGG crystal adopted by the invention is 1.1-1.2 times of TGG, and the isolator prepared by the crystal has better and more stable heat transfer performance and can effectively relieve the thermal depolarization effect.
The TAGG crystal adopted by the invention has the highest specific heat which is 1.1-1.2 times of TGG, and the isolator prepared by the crystal is less prone to heat when used under high power, has more stable performance and can effectively relieve the thermal depolarization effect.
The thermal expansion coefficients of the TAGG crystals adopted by the invention are all less than TGG (8.48 multiplied by 10) -6 K), the crystal shape is more stable when used at high power, and the crystal is formed by the crystal shapeThe isolator prepared by the crystal has higher safety when being used under high power.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
on one hand, the Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on the TAGG garnet crystal greatly reduces the thermal depolarization effect, can effectively improve the condition that the application performance of the isolator is degraded under high power, and has great application potential in the aspect of device miniaturization. On the other hand, the TAGG crystal has good growth characteristics and lower preparation cost, so that the Faraday magnetic optical isolator is low in cost and very beneficial to commercial application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the main structure of the magneto-optical isolator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating isolation of reflected light by the magneto-optical isolator according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus for growing a TAGG crystal by a Czochralski method according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a plot comparing the verdet constants of the crystal of TAGG (x = 0.7) in comparative example 1 and the crystal of TAGG (x = 0.2) in example 3.
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the specific heat properties of TAGG (x = 0.7) crystals in comparative example 1 and TAGG (x = 0.2) crystals in example 3.
Fig. 6 is a graph comparing the transmittances of the crystal of TAGG (x = 0.7) in comparative example 1 and the crystal of TAGG (x = 0.2) in example 3.
Wherein: 1. a first polarizer, 2, a Faraday rotator, 3, a second polarizer, 4, a magneto-optical crystal, 5, a magnetic coil, 6, a seed rod, 7, a seed crystal, 8, a crystal, 9, a melt, 10, a crucible, 11, and an induction heating coil.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be more clearly illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The TAGG crystal in the embodiment is grown by a Czochralski method, and a device for growing the TAGG crystal by the Czochralski method is shown in FIG. 3 and comprises: the crucible comprises a crucible 10, an induction heating coil 11 is arranged around the crucible 10, and a seed rod 6 is arranged above the crucible 10.
The crystal growth by the Czochralski method comprises the following steps:
(1) Solid phase sintering method for synthesizing polycrystal material
Raw material Tb 4 O 7 ，Al 2 O 3 ，Ga 2 O 3 The purity of (2) was 99.99%. In stoichiometric ratio Tb 3 (Al 1-x Ga x ) 5 O 12 ,0<x is less than or equal to 0.65, and Ga is considered 2 O 3 Volatilizing and decomposing of (1), ga in compounding 2 O 3 2wt.% of excessive raw materials, putting the raw materials into a mixing barrel, fully mixing for 48h, putting the uniformly mixed materials into a die, pressing the uniformly mixed materials into a cylinder, putting the cylinder into a corundum crucible, and sintering the cylinder for 36h at 1350 ℃ in a sintering furnace to obtain a TAGG polycrystal material;
(2) Czochralski crystal growth
Placing the sintered polycrystalline material into an iraurita crucible 10 (the crucible 10 is already placed in a prepared temperature field), centering, placing the temperature field, and vacuumizing to 1 × 10 -4 And Pa, filling argon to atmospheric pressure, heating an iridium crucible 10 by using a medium-frequency induction heating coil 11, heating by program temperature rise to slowly melt the raw materials into a melt 9, slightly overheating at 10-20 ℃ to fully react the raw materials for 0.5h, then adjusting the temperature, putting down the directional seed crystal 7, standing the seed crystal 7 in the melt 9 for 1 h, then taking out the seed crystal 7, putting down the seed crystal again, and entering a diameter control program to perform shoulder putting, diameter equalizing, tail ending and other stages when the diameter of the seed crystal 7 is contracted to 2-3 mm. And in the growth process, the pulling speed is 2mm/h, the rotating speed is 10rpm, when the crystal 8 grows to a set size, the crystal 8 is pulled off, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature at the cooling rate of 40 ℃/h, and the crystal 8 is discharged from the furnace.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a TAGG (x = 0.01) crystal comprises:
the Faraday rotator comprises a first polaroid 1, a Faraday rotator 2 and a second polaroid 3 which are sequentially arranged along a light path, wherein the Faraday rotator 2 comprises a magnetic coil 5 and a magneto-optical crystal 4 arranged in the magnetic coil 5, the magneto-optical crystal 4 is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal, and the crystal molecular formula is Tb 3 (Al 0.99 Ga 0.01 ) 5 O 12 。
The magneto-optical crystal 4 is a crystal with a <111> direction, and the Faraday rotor 2 is cylindrical in shape. The magneto-optical crystal 4 has a transmittance of more than 80% in the range of 400-1100nm, excluding 470-500 nm. And an antireflection film is arranged on the surface of the magneto-optical crystal 4 in the direction of the light path.
(1) Crystal processing
Carrying out orientation processing on a TAGG (x = 0.01) crystal to obtain a crystal with a proper size in a <111> direction, and then polishing or coating to obtain a magneto-optical crystal 4;
(2) Isolator preparation
The magnetic-optical crystal 4 and the magnetic coil 5 are combined to form the Faraday rotator 2, the Faraday rotator with the angle of 45 degrees can be obtained by changing the magnetic field or the shape design, and then the Faraday magneto-optical isolator can be obtained by combining the Faraday rotator with the first polarizer 1 and the second polarizer 3.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, when light propagates in the forward direction, the light is linearly polarized by the first polarizing plate 1, then is deflected by 45 ° through the faraday rotator 2, and then passes through the second polarizing plate 2 (the included angle between the first polarizing plate 1 and the second polarizing plate 3 is 45 °), when the light passes in the reverse direction, the linearly polarized light is deflected by 45 ° (the deflection direction of the linearly polarized light is independent of the propagation direction of the light) through the second polarizing plate 3 and the faraday rotator 2, at this time, the linearly polarized light passing in the reverse direction and the light passing direction of the first polarizing plate 1 are 90 ° by the superposition of the deflection angles of two times, and the reflected light cannot pass through the first polarizing plate 1, so that the effect of reverse isolation is achieved.
Example 2
A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a TAGG (x = 0.1) crystal, constructed as in example 1, except that:
the magneto-optical crystal 4 is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal with a molecular formula of Tb 3 (Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 ) 5 O 12 。
Example 3
A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a TAGG (x = 0.2) crystal, constructed as in example 1, except that:
the magneto-optical crystal 4 is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal with a molecular formula of Tb 3 (Al 0.8 Ga 0.2 ) 5 O 12 。
Example 4
A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a TAGG (x = 0.4) crystal, constructed as in example 1, except that:
the magneto-optical crystal 4 is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal with a molecular formula of Tb 3 (Al 0.6 Ga 0.4 ) 5 O 12 。
Example 5
A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a TAGG (x = 0.65) crystal, constructed as in example 1, except that:
the magneto-optical crystal 4 is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal with a molecular formula of Tb 3 (Al 0.35 Ga 0.65 ) 5 O 12 。
Comparative example 1
A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a TAGG (x = 0.7) crystal, constructed as in example 1, except that:
the magneto-optical crystal 4 is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal with a molecular formula of Tb 3 (Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 ) 5 O 12 。
Test example 1
Compared with the Faraday magneto-optical isolator prepared by TAGG (x = 0.7) in the comparative example 1, the TAGG crystal in the example 3 has higher Al content, larger Verdet constant and better thermal and optical properties, is easier to obtain larger Faraday deflection angle under the same condition, and has weaker thermal depolarization effect when being applied under high power. If the magnetic field strength is uniform in order to obtain a 45 ° faraday rotator, the size of the faraday rotator in example 3 is smaller.
Fig. 4, 5, and 6 are graphs comparing the crystal verdet constant, transmittance, and specific heat properties of TAGG (x = 0.7) and TAGG (x = 0.2), respectively. As can be seen from fig. 4, 5, and 6, the verdet constant of the magneto-optical crystal 4 in example 3 is larger than that of comparative example 1, and the prepared faraday magneto-optical isolator has better thermal and optical properties.

Claims (7)

1. A Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystals, comprising:
the Faraday rotator comprises a magnetic coil and a magneto-optical crystal arranged in the magnetic coil, wherein the magneto-optical crystal is a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal, and the molecular formula of the crystal is Tb 3 (Al 1-x Ga x ) 5 O 12 ,0<x≤0.65。
2. A Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal according to claim 1, wherein the magneto-optical crystal is terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal with a crystal molecular formula of Tb 3 (Al 1-x Ga x ) 5 O 12 ,0<x≤0.4。
3. A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal as defined in claim 1, wherein an anti-reflection film is disposed on the surface of the magneto-optical crystal in the direction of the optical path.
4. A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal as defined in claim 1, wherein said magneto-optical crystal is a <111> oriented crystal.
5. A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal as defined in claim 1, wherein said magneto-optical crystal has a coefficient of thermal expansion less than 8.48 x 10 -6 /K。
6. A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal as defined in claim 1, wherein said faraday rotator has a cylindrical or rectangular parallelepiped shape.
7. A faraday magneto-optical isolator based on a terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal as defined in claim 1, wherein said faraday deflection angle of said faraday rotator is 30 ° -60 °.
CN202210967175.4A 2022-05-07 2022-08-12 Faraday magneto-optical isolator based on terbium aluminum gallium garnet magneto-optical crystal Pending CN115616800A (en)

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