CN115614659A - 高压罐单元 - Google Patents
高压罐单元 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115614659A CN115614659A CN202210808656.0A CN202210808656A CN115614659A CN 115614659 A CN115614659 A CN 115614659A CN 202210808656 A CN202210808656 A CN 202210808656A CN 115614659 A CN115614659 A CN 115614659A
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- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
- F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
- F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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Abstract
本发明提供第1加强层与第2加强层的粘合力提高的高压罐的制造方法。是具备高压罐(10)、和与高压罐连接的连接部件(30)的罐单元(1)。连接部件(30)具备配置于衬里(11)与插入部(31)之间并将容纳空间(S)封闭的环状的密封部件(61、62)。高压罐具备筒状体(40A),该筒状体(40A)配置在衬里(11)与加强层(12)之间,以环绕衬里(11)的外周面(11a)的方式配置于与密封部件(61、62)对置的位置,并限制颈部(15)的内周面的在径向上扩展的变形。筒状体(40A)的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量高于衬里的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量和加强层的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具备高压罐、和与其连接的连接部件的高压罐单元。
背景技术
例如,在天然气汽车或者燃料电池汽车等中利用有储藏燃料气体的高压罐。这种的高压罐具备容纳作为高压气体的流体的衬里、和覆盖衬里的外周面的由纤维强化树脂构成的加强层。
高压罐具备形成有容纳高压气体的容纳空间的罐体部、和与罐体部的端部连续地形成的颈部。在颈部形成与罐体部的容纳空间连通的开口部,通过歧管、托架等连接部件来连接该开口部。在连接部件形成有从高压罐的开口部沿着衬里的内周面插入的插入部,在衬里与插入部之间设置有将容纳空间封闭的环状的密封部件。
专利文献1:日本特开2020-112189号公报
然而,如专利文献1所示,当在高压罐的容纳空间填充高压的流体时,罐体部因该流体的内压而欲在径向上扩展,此时,颈部也欲在径向上扩展。因此,相对于颈部的衬里,设置于插入部的密封部件的表面压力降低,从而存在高压罐的颈部的密封性降低的情况。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于这样的点而完成的,其提供一种能够确保高压罐的颈部处的密封部件的密封性的高压罐单元。
鉴于上述课题,本发明所涉及的高压罐单元是具备高压罐和连接部件的罐单元,上述高压罐具有:衬里,形成容纳流体的容纳空间,至少在一端侧形成有开口部;和加强层,覆盖上述衬里的外周面,并由纤维强化树脂构成,上述高压罐并具备:罐体部,包括上述容纳空间;和颈部,与上述罐体部的至少一个端部连续,并形成有上述开口部,上述连接部件形成有从上述开口部沿着上述衬里的内周面插入于上述颈部的插入部,并且以覆盖上述开口部的方式与上述高压罐连接,其特征在于,上述连接部件具备环状的密封部件,该密封部件配置于上述衬里与上述插入部之间,并将上述容纳空间封闭,上述高压罐具备筒状体,该筒状体配置在上述衬里与上述加强层之间,并以环绕上述衬里的外周面的方式配置于至少与上述密封部件对置的位置,并限制上述颈部的内周面的在径向上扩展的变形,上述筒状体的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量高于上述衬里的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量和上述加强层的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量。
根据发明,从开口部向高压罐的颈部插入有连接部件的插入部,通过环状的密封部件与颈部的衬里接触来将容纳空间封闭。这里,在向高压罐的容纳空间填充高压的流体时,因该流体的内压而罐体部和颈部也欲在径向上扩展,但在本发明中,在衬里与加强层之间,筒状体以环绕衬里的外周面的方式配置于与密封部件对置的位置,该筒状体限制颈部的内周面在径向上扩展的变形。即,作为限制该变形的具体的结构,根据本发明,筒状体的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量高于衬里的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量和加强层的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量。由此,与没有筒状体的情况相比,能够用筒状体抑制由高压的流体引起的环向应力导致的衬里的径向的扩展。这样的结果是,能够确保高压罐的颈部出的密封部件的密封性。
作为更优选的形态,上述筒状体中的包括上述罐体部侧的端部在内的部分的壁厚随着趋近上述罐体部侧的端部而变薄。根据该形态,由于包括上述罐体部侧的端部在内的部分的壁厚随着趋近罐体部侧的端部而变薄,因此,罐体部侧的端部容易变形。由此,在向高压罐的容纳空间填充高压的流体时,筒状体的端部以在径向上鼓起的方式追随于衬里的变形,因此能够减少作用于与该端部接触的衬里的部分的应力。
作为更优选的形态,上述筒状体的两端部中的上述罐体部侧的至少端部被比上述筒状体的材料软质的缓冲部件覆盖。根据该形态,在向高压罐的容纳空间填充高压的流体时,衬里不与筒状体的端部直接接触而经由缓冲部件接触,因此缓冲部件能够追随于衬里的变形来减少作用于衬里的应力。
并且,作为优选的形态,与上述衬里的外周面对置的上述筒状体的对置面中的上述罐体部侧的对置面以远离上述衬里的外周面的方式在上述筒状体的径向上扩展。
根据该形态,罐体部侧的对置面以远离衬里的外周面的方式在筒状体的径向上扩展,因此能够避免衬里与筒状体的内缘接触,从而能够避免衬里的损伤。
根据本发明,能够确保高压罐的颈部处的密封部件的密封性。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的第1实施方式所涉及的罐单元的构造的立体图。
图2是沿着图1的A-A线的罐单元的剖视图。
图3A是图2所示的托架侧的罐单元的主要部位放大剖视图。
图3B是图2所示的歧管侧的罐单元的主要部位放大剖视图。
图4是第2实施方式所涉及的与图3B对应的罐单元的主要部位放大剖视图。
图5是第2实施方式的变形例所涉及的与图3B对应的罐单元的主要部位放大剖视图。
附图标记说明
1…罐单元;10…高压罐;13…开口部;14…罐体部;15…颈部;30…连接部件;31…插入部;40A、40B…筒状体;61、62…密封部件;55…盖(缓冲部件);S…容纳空间。
具体实施方式
以下,边参照图1~图5边对本发明所涉及的罐单元1的实施方式进行说明。如图1所示,本实施方式所涉及的罐单元1具备高压罐10、和与高压罐10的两端连接的一对连接部件30、30。
高压罐10是搭载于燃料电池车辆的填充有高压的氢气的罐。作为能够向高压罐10填充的气体,并不限定于高压的氢气,可以填充CNG(压缩天然气)等各压缩气体、LNG(液化天然气)、LPG(液化石油气)等各种液化气、其他的气体(流体),也可以为了耐压试验用而暂时填充液体等流体。
高压罐10具备:衬里11,形成容纳氢气的容纳空间S,并在两侧形成有开口部13;和加强层12,以覆盖衬里11的外周面11a的方式层叠于衬里11。衬里11由具有阻气性的材料构成,加强层12由纤维强化树脂构成。
高压罐10具备:罐体部14,包括上述的容纳空间S;和一对颈部15、15,与罐体部14的端部连续,并形成有开口部13。在本实施方式中,在高压罐10的两侧形成有颈部15、15,但高压罐10也可以是仅在一侧形成有颈部15的瓶状的构造。
罐体部14和颈部15均是将衬里11和加强层12层叠而成的构造,在本实施方式中,在颈部15,在衬里11与加强层12之间,作为中间层,配置有后述的筒状体40A。此外,后述的筒状体40A也可以覆盖形成颈部15的衬里11的外周面11d的整体。然而,只要能够确保后述的密封性,也可以在颈部15覆盖衬里11的外周面11d的一部分,而用加强层12覆盖剩余的表面(具体而言为开口部13侧的外周面)。
在本实施方式中,罐体部14具备圆筒状的主体部14a、和随着从主体部14a趋近罐体部14的端部而内径和外径缩径的肩部14b作为筒状的一个例子。肩部14b是圆锥台状的筒状部分,以与肩部14b连续的方式形成有颈部15。
在颈部15,在加强层12的外周面12a安装有环状的接头20。在接头20的内周面22形成有多个突起,加强层12形成为咬入于内周面22(具体而言咬入于突起彼此之间)。由此,能够将接头20与加强层12卡止。在接头20的外周面21形成有外螺纹,能够将该外螺纹与在后述的连接部件30形成的内壁面34的内螺纹结合。
这里,在本实施方式中,作为构成衬里11的树脂,优选是阻气性良好的树脂。作为这样的树脂,能够举出聚丙烯系树脂、尼龙系树脂(例如6-尼龙树脂或者6,6-尼龙树脂)、聚碳酸酯系树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、ABS系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚乙烯系树脂、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚树脂(EVOH)、或者聚酯系树脂等热塑性树脂。
加强层12是在强化纤维浸入有热塑性树脂或者热固化性树脂作为基体树脂的层。在本实施方式中,强化纤维是纤维束。作为强化纤维,能够使用玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、硼纤维以及碳纤维等强化纤维,特别是从轻型性、机械强度等的观点出发,优选使用碳纤维。作为基体树脂,优选热固化性树脂,作为热固化性树脂,是酚醛系树脂、三聚氰胺系树脂、尿素系树脂或者环氧类树脂,从机械强度等的观点出发,优选使用环氧类树脂前体。环氧类树脂为在未固化状态下有流动性、而在热固化后形成强韧的交联构造的环氧类树脂。
加强层12是通过长丝缠绕法或者片缠绕法在衬里11的外周面11a缠卷浸渍了基体树脂的纤维束的层。加强层12可以是以纤维束相对于高压罐10的轴线CL倾斜的方式缠绕的螺旋缠绕的层,例如,也可以是以纤维束相对于高压罐10的轴线CL倾斜的方式织入的层。
与高压罐10的颈部15连接的一对连接部件30、30是铝、钢等金属制的部件,由托架30A和歧管30B构成。托架30A是用于一体地约束多个高压罐10、10并安装于车辆的部件。
歧管30B是形成有向高压罐10的容纳空间S导入氢气并从该容纳空间S放出氢气的气体流路的部件。如图3A和图3B所示,对于托架30A和歧管30B而言,主要差别是气体流路的形成的有无,因此参照图3B来对作为连接部件30的歧管30B的构造进行说明。
歧管30B形成为覆盖在高压罐10的轴向CL的端部形成的开口部13,歧管30B具备插入部31和盖部32。盖部32是与接头20螺纹连接并且覆盖高压罐10的端面的部分,在盖部32的中央形成有插入部31。
插入部31是在高压罐10的颈部15从开口部13沿着衬里11的内周面11b(具体而言为颈部15的内周面15a)插入的栓状部分。在插入部31的外周面31b,沿着其周向,形成有环状槽35,在环状槽35配置有将容纳空间S封闭的环状的密封部件61、62。密封部件61、62由具有阻气性的树脂材料或者橡胶材料等具有弹性的材料构成。
然而,在向高压罐10的容纳空间S填充高压的氢气时,因氢气的内压而高压罐10的罐体部14欲在径向上扩展。此时,颈部15也欲在径向上扩展,因此相对于颈部15的衬里11,设置于插入部31的密封部件61、52的表面压力降低,从而存在高压罐10的颈部15的密封性降低的情况。
因此,在本实施方式中,高压罐10在衬里11与加强层12之间、以环绕衬里11的外周面11d的方式在与密封部件61、62对置的位置具备筒状体40A。筒状体40A是限制颈部15的内周面15a在径向上扩展的变形的部件。
这里,“颈部15的内周面15a在径向上扩展的变形”是指因氢气的压力而在颈部15产生环向应力而欲在径向上扩展的变形,是形成颈部15的衬里11(更具体而言为与密封部件61、62抵接的衬里11的部分)在径向上扩展的变形。
并且,筒状体40A的内周面(对置面)41与构成颈部15的衬里11的外周面11d抵接。筒状体40A中的包括罐体部14侧的端部43的部分随着趋近罐体部14侧的端部43而壁厚变薄。更具体而言,壁厚变薄的部分位于比插入部31的前端面靠罐体部14侧的位置,更优选是与罐体部14的肩部14b的表面接触的部分。
在本实施方式中,筒状体40A从比高压罐10的端面靠内侧(罐体部14侧)的位置延伸至罐体部14的肩部14b的一部分,加强层12覆盖筒状体40A的端面中的高压罐10的外侧的端面。由此,能够防止沿着高压罐的轴向的筒状体40A的脱落。但是,只要配置于与密封部件61、62对置的位置并能够确保密封部件61、62的密封性,例如,如后述的第2实施方式那样,筒状体40A的两端部也可以到达至高压罐10的端面。
作为筒状体40A的材料,能够举出不锈钢、铝钢等金属材料、纤维强化树脂等,只要能够满足可以限制颈部15的内周面15a在径向上扩展的变形那样的关系,就不特别地限定。这里,作为限制颈部15的内周面15a在径向上扩展的变形的具体的结构,筒状体40A的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量高于衬里11的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量和加强层12的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量。
具体而言,纵向弹性模量是杨氏模量,衬里11由热塑性树脂构成,热塑性树脂是具有机械各向同性的材料,因此衬里11的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量是该热塑性树脂本身的纵向弹性模量。同样,在筒状体40A由不锈钢等金属材料构成的情况下,由于不锈钢等金属材料是具有机械各向同性的材料,因此筒状体40A的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量是该金属材料本身的纵向弹性模量。
但是,加强层12由纤维强化树脂构成,在本实施方式中,将纤维束取向为规定的方向,因此由具有各向异性的材料构成。在这种情况下,加强层12的纵向弹性模量是加强层12的颈部15的沿着周向的纵向弹性模量。
准备由与这些各部件相同的材料构成的、并使其周向的材料构成适合于拉伸方向的拉伸试件,并对拉伸试件进行拉伸,由此能够测定颈部15的沿着周向的纵向弹性模量。
例如,在沿着颈部15的周向将构成加强层12的纤维强化树脂的纤维束取向的情况下,测定沿着拉伸方向将强化纤维取向的纤维强化树脂的拉伸试件的纵向弹性模量。另一方面,在以与颈部15的轴心(即,高压罐10的轴线CL)平行的方式将纤维束取向的情况下,测定将强化纤维取向为与拉伸方向正交的方向的纤维强化树脂的拉伸试件的纵向弹性模量。
例如,在衬里11由热塑性树脂构成且加强层12由纤维强化树脂构成的情况下,优选筒状体40A由不锈钢等金属构成。并且,加强层12包括由碳纤维构成的纤维束作为强化纤维且该纤维束形成为相对于高压罐10的轴线CL倾斜的情况下,筒状体40A也可以由环形缠绕的纤维强化树脂构成。
在制造这样的高压罐10时,由熔融的热塑性树脂通过挤压成型而制成衬里11,其后,使筒状体40A、40A与衬里11的两端嵌合。接下来,例如通过长丝缠绕法,与筒状体40A、40A一起在衬里11形成加强层12。在加强层12的基体树脂是热固化性树脂的情况下,在使其热固化前,在两端的各颈部15安装接头20,并使热固化性树脂热固化。
根据本实施方式,在高压罐10的颈部15,从开口部13插入有连接部件30的插入部31,环状的密封部件61、62与颈部15的内周面15a接触,由此能够将氢气的容纳空间S封闭。
这里,在向高压罐10的容纳空间S填充了高压的流体时,因该流体的内压而罐体部14和颈部15欲在高压罐10的径向上扩展。然而,在本实施方式中,在衬里11与加强层12之间,以卷绕衬里11的外周面11d的方式将筒状体40A配置于与密封部件61、62对置的位置,该筒状体40A限制颈部15的内周面15a在径向上扩展的变形。
即,作为限制该变形的具体的结构,在颈部15,筒状体40A的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量高于衬里11和加强层12的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量。由此,与没有筒状体40A的情况相比,能够通过筒状体40A来抑制由高压的氢气引起的环向应力导致的衬里11的径向的扩展。这样的结果是,能够确保高压罐10的颈部15处的密封部件61、62的密封性。
除此之外,筒状体40A的包括罐体部14侧的端部的部分的壁厚随着趋近罐体部14侧的端部而变薄,因此罐体部14侧的端部容易变形。由此,在向高压罐的容纳空间填充高压的氢气时,筒状体40A的端部43以在径向上鼓起的方式追随于衬里11的变形。因此,减少作用于与该端部43接触的衬里11的部分的应力,从而能够防止衬里11的破损。
以下,对第2实施方式所涉及的罐单元1进行说明。图4是第2实施方式所涉及的与图3B对应的罐单元1的主要部位剖视图。第2实施方式所涉及的罐单元1与第1实施方式不同之处在于筒状体40B的形状和在筒状体40B的端部43设置有环状的盖(缓冲部件)55。
在本实施方式中,筒状体40B的一侧的端部相对于高压罐40露出,筒状体40B的另一侧的端部43、即罐体部14侧的端部43被比筒状体40B的材料软质的盖55覆盖。盖55随着趋近罐体部14侧而末端变细。
具体而言,这里,作为盖55的材料,在筒状体40B的材料是金属的情况下,由比它更容易弹性变形的树脂材料或者橡胶材料构成。更优选盖55的材料也可以是比衬里11的材料软质的材料,但例如也可以是与衬里11相同的材料。
根据该形态,在向高压罐10的容纳空间S填充高压的氢气时,衬里11不与筒状体40B的端部43直接接触而经由盖(缓冲部件)55接触。由此,能够减少作用于筒状体40B与衬里11接触的区域中的该区域的边缘部11c的应力。
从这样的点出发,例如,如图5的变形例所示,也可以构成为:与衬里11的外周面11a对置的筒状体40B的对置面41中的罐体部14侧的对置面41a以远离衬里11的外周面11a的方式在筒状体40B的径向上扩展。由此,罐体部14侧的对置面41a以远离衬里11的外周面11a的方式在筒状体40B的径向上扩展,因此能够避免衬里11与筒状体40B的内缘接触,从而能够避免衬里11的损伤。也可以在罐体部14侧的对置面41a与衬里11的外周面11a之间还配置有上述的具有缓冲性的材料。
以上,对本发明的一个实施方式进行了详述,但本发明并不限定于上述的实施方式,在不脱离权利要求书所记载的本发明的精神的范围内,能够进行各种设计变更。
Claims (4)
1.一种罐单元,其具备高压罐和连接部件,
所述高压罐具有:衬里,形成容纳流体的容纳空间,至少在一端侧形成有开口部;和加强层,覆盖所述衬里的外周面,并由纤维强化树脂构成,所述高压罐具备:罐体部,包括所述容纳空间;和颈部,与所述罐体部的至少一个端部连续,并形成有所述开口部,
所述连接部件形成有从所述开口部沿着所述衬里的内周面插入于所述颈部的插入部,并且以覆盖所述开口部的方式与所述高压罐连接,
其特征在于,
所述连接部件具备环状的密封部件,该密封部件配置于所述衬里与所述插入部之间,并将所述容纳空间封闭,
所述高压罐具备筒状体,该筒状体配置在所述衬里与所述加强层之间,并以环绕所述衬里的外周面的方式配置于至少与所述密封部件对置的位置,并限制所述颈部的内周面的在径向上扩展的变形,
所述筒状体的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量高于所述衬里的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量和所述加强层的沿着周向的材料的纵向弹性模量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的罐单元,其特征在于,
所述筒状体中的包括所述罐体部侧的端部在内的部分的壁厚随着趋近所述罐体部侧的端部而变薄。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的罐单元,其特征在于,
所述筒状体的两端部中的所述罐体部侧的至少端部被比所述筒状体的材料软质的缓冲部件覆盖。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的罐单元,其特征在于,
与所述衬里的外周面对置的所述筒状体的对置面中的所述罐体部侧的对置面以远离所述衬里的外周面的方式在所述筒状体的径向上扩展。
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