CN115614364A - Locknut with wedging ring - Google Patents

Abstract

The locknut with the wedge ring belongs to the field of machinery and comprises a ring-shaped locknut with the wedge ring and a split locknut with the wedge ring. The wedging ring with the radial protruding contact just extends into the ring groove of the main nut, and the axial width of the ring groove along the axial direction is changed, so that the threads on the upper part and the lower part of the main nut are closer to the threads of the screw rod; or a main nut with a spiral surface and an internal thread; the main nut is separated into an upper nut and a lower nut which are both provided with internal threads, bearing surfaces are mutually contacted in use, the fastening ring is clamped in a gap between the upper nut and the lower nut like the same way, the gap is ensured to be larger than the height of the fastening ring, the outer cylindrical surfaces of the upper nut and the lower nut and the inner cylindrical surface of the fastening ring are mutually constrained, and the matching of the sizes ensures that a contact point is not contacted with a spiral surface, so that the mutual thrust between the original upper nut and the original lower nut is increased, and the fastening purpose is achieved; so as to be widely applied to various fields with high requirements on fastening safety.

Description

Locknut with wedging ring

[ technical field ]

The invention belongs to the technical field of machinery, and particularly relates to a looseness-preventing bolt and a looseness-preventing nut which utilize a wedge and an inclined plane principle with high friction property.

[ background art ]

The looseness prevention between the nut and the bolt is usually realized by a spring pad, a double tightening nut, a jackscrew, a split pin and other conventional modes. However, the locknut without an external device is designed and developed by Hard Lock pioneer in Lin Ke 24421, the first version is called as 'U nut', and a method for clamping screw threads by using a plate spring enables the nut to be kept firm and not to loosen. However, the first generation products have a small problem in that the U-nuts mounted on the excavator and the pile driver are loosened due to too much vibration. If the forest maker 24421is designed, the second generation products (namely Hadelock nuts) are sold in the market at present.

The anti-loosening principle of the Hardelock nut is as follows: firstly, the nuts are matched in pairs for use and are divided into concave nuts and convex nuts, the order is noticed during installation, the convex nuts are installed firstly at the lower part, eccentric conical surface machining is adopted during manufacturing of the convex nuts, the concave nuts are installed at the upper part, the concave nuts are processed by non-eccentric conical surfaces, when the two convex and concave nuts are screwed together, the outer sides of the eccentric conical surfaces of the convex nuts and the parts of the non-eccentric conical surfaces of the concave nuts are in tight fit, just like a wedge is inserted into the nuts, the friction torque is extremely large, and therefore the anti-loosening effect is achieved. After the Hard Lock nut is successful, a large number of Hard Lock nut imitations appear on the market. The invented Yankeen of company releases the design drawing of the Hard Lock nut on the company website, and carefully explains the principle and the manufacturing process of the Hard Lock nut. Although many imitators, few successors exist, which is the key to the technology. The reason is that it is not difficult to invent a nut of such a structure, which is in need of continuous improvement in use. From the establishment of this company to the full use of the largest rail company in japan, the founders of the company have been using for nearly 20 years. In the 20 years, the HardLock nut becomes the only nut which cannot be loosened in the world through continuous technical improvement.

The company hadlork notes in particular on its official website: the unique technology and know how accumulated throughout the year by the company have different corresponding eccentricity for different sizes and materials, which is the key point that the Hard Lock nut cannot be simulated. (A written article of this paper, japan Canon Tokki corporation, which manufactures vacuum evaporation machines, was only 300 people who monopolized the market, thought that it was written in the first few days). The Hard Lock nut is widely used not only in japan but also in all over the world, and has been used by railways in australia, england, polish, china, and korea, and taiwan new mainline in china keeps record of no personal accidents since its use. In addition to the highways, the Hard Lock nut is adopted in many countries and regions such as the longest suspension bridge in the world in japan, the "Mingshi strait bridge" in japan, the highest free-standing radio wave tower in the world, the "Tokyo clear sky tower", the space shuttle launching station in the U.S., and the marine drilling machine.

Besides Hard Lock nut, three anti-loosening parts are introduced.

The first is a lotteri X series lock washer designed and developed by marmer, sweden, which utilizes a unique multi-functional design to provide the highest security. The novel sandwich composite material technology combines the solution of the wedge-shaped effect of the Luodi (preventing spontaneous loosening) and a special elastic effect (compensating the loss of pretightening force caused by loosening), so that the connecting element can resist the spontaneous bolt loosening and loosening, and an additional safety feeling is greatly provided. On or near the rails, the train is caused to shake and vibrate whenever it passes. The Nord-Lock X-series anti-loose washer combines the wedge locking principle and the elastic effect, and can effectively prevent loosening caused by settlement and relaxation.

The second type is a Chinese Down bolt which is compatible with two nuts with different turning directions, directly converts the loosening force of a right-handed nut into the tightening force of a left-handed nut, and converts two opposite forces into mutual assistance. In the connection of the Down's screw fastener, two nuts with different screw directions are used: the nuts on the working bearing surfaces are called the fastening nuts and the nuts on the non-bearing surfaces are called the lock nuts. When in use, the fastening nut is firstly pre-tightened, and then the locking nut is pre-tightened. In the case of vibration or impact, the fastening nut tends to loosen, and since the loosening direction of the fastening nut is the tightening direction of the lock nut, tightening of the lock nut just prevents loosening of the fastening nut, so that the fastening nut cannot loosen.

The third is the self-tightening nut developed by Shenzhen self-tightening king science and technology, which can easily solve all the problems (the same principle as the Luodi's firm X series anti-loosening washer) by only one nut and one washer, and can be produced by high, medium and low screws and nuts without any concerns on materials, processes and precision requirements. The principle of the Chinese self-locking nut is as follows: the application of the theory of self-tightening force is realized by utilizing a screw surface matching structure between the nut and the gasket, and the anti-loosening effect is completely achieved by a specific lifting angle, so that the nut can be only screwed but not loosened, and the nut can be loosened only by screwing the gasket. The end face of the Chinese self-tightening nut is designed into a multi-section spiral face supporting structure, so that the stability of a coupling pair is improved, and the defect of a traditional fastener that most of stress is concentrated on a first tooth and a second tooth after the nut is tightened is completely stopped, so that the stress is uniformly distributed, the bearing capacity of the nut and a screw is greatly improved, and the damage degree of internal and external threads is also reduced.

The existing wedge working principle is also the background technology part of the invention, the important component of the wedge principle is an inclined plane: the inclined plane is a simple mechanical one and can be used for overcoming the difficulty of vertically lifting the gravity G. When the object is lifted to a certain height by the inclined plane, the acting distance and the force magnitude depend on the inclination angle of the inclined plane. When the friction force f between the object and the inclined plane is small, high efficiency can be achieved.

Inclined plane design: the same horizontal plane forms a plane with an upward inclined angle. The object is lifted upwards along the vertical line with great effort, and if the object is placed on the inclined plane, the object can be pushed or pulled upwards along the inclined plane with less effort. Let an object with a weight W be placed on an inclined plane AB with a lift angle α. When the object is static or does uniform linear motion, if friction is not considered, gravity W, pulling force F along the inclined plane and normal reaction force N of the inclined plane form a closed force triangle F = Wsin alpha under static equilibrium conditions. Since F is the input force and W is the output force, the mechanical advantage of the ramp = W/F =1/sin α = s/h. This is the inclined plane principle: the ratio of the output force to the input force is equal to the ratio of the hypotenuse to the cathetus in the right triangle ABC. Since s > h, the mechanical efficiency of the ramp is less than 1. The slope conveyer belt in the mountain coiling road and the material conveyer is the concrete application of the slope principle.

The inclined plane is characterized in that: the smaller the inclination angle between the inclined plane and the plane is, the longer the inclined plane is, the labor is saved, but the distance is wasted, and the mechanical efficiency is low. The larger the inclination angle between the inclined plane and the plane is, the shorter the inclined plane is, the more labor is consumed, but the distance is saved, and the mechanical efficiency is high. The force applied to the high place by pulling the pulley by the slope device is smaller than the force applied to the high place by directly hoisting the pulley, namely, the slope can use smaller force to lift the object table to the high place. The longer the slope or the shorter the slope, i.e., the smaller the slope, the more labor-saving. The application of the inclined plane is that a plurality of things in daily life use the principle of the inclined plane to achieve the aim of saving labor, such as stairs, winding mountain roads and the like. If two bevels are combined together, a simple machine called a wedge (or "wedge") is formed. Wedges are useful in cutting and splitting things. Knives, hatches and human incisors are examples of wedges.

The forming process of the universal nut is also the background technology part of the invention, and the prior process flow is as follows: the operation flow is as follows: 1. cutting: the wire is cut into required blanks by matching a scissor die and scissors. 2. Firstly, punching: the front punch die, the stroke die and the rear punch rod are matched to shape the uneven-deformed cut blank, and the blank is pushed out by the rear punch rod. 3. And (2) punching: the turning clamp clamps the blank from the first punching to the second punching, further shapes the blank, strengthens the flattening and angle saturation effects of the first punching, and then pushes the blank out by the rear punching rod. 4. Three-step punching: the turning clamp clamps the blank from two punching to three punching, the front punching die, the stroke die and the rear punching rod are matched, the blank is extruded again, so that the lower punching can be completely formed, and then the blank is pushed out by the rear punching rod. 5. And (4) punching: the turning clamp clamps the blank from three to four, the front punch die, the stroke die and the rear punch rod are matched to completely form the nut, the thickness of the nut is adjusted by controlling the thickness of the scrap iron, and then the blank is pushed out by the rear punch rod. 6. Five steps of punching: the turning clamp punches the blank from four to five, the front punching die and the stripping disc are matched to punch the completely formed blank, and the punched scrap iron enters the lower core of the punching die to finally complete the forming of the nut. The nut head mark is also formed during this process. 7. Tapping: tapping means tapping the formed nut by a screw tap to form a required thread. The production process of the nut comprises the following steps: 1. the method comprises the following steps of 8-grade nut a, a coil element → acid washing → drawing line → molding → tapping → surface treatment → packaging b and hot galvanizing: coil → acid washing → drawing line → molding → hot galvanizing → tapping → packaging 2, 8 grade nut coil → annealing → coil → acid washing → drawing line → molding → tapping → surface treatment → packaging 3, metric 10, 12 grade, english five grade or more nut coil → annealing → coil → acid washing → drawing line → molding → tapping → heat treatment → surface treatment → packaging.

[ summary of the invention ]

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the locknut is manufactured by utilizing the trace deformation buffer of the metal material, the inclined wedge of the wedge ring is increased to slide on the inclined plane or in the slit to open the upper nut or the lower nut or the slit, so that a thread with higher friction can be brought, and the novel locknut which is higher than the Hard Lock eccentric nut in Japan in the safety and the production tolerance is obtained.

The invention aims at the defects of the prior art: particularly, the defects of the Japanese Hard Lock eccentric nut are modified, and the Japanese Hard Lock eccentric nut is perfect in view of the whole, and has good manufacturability, interchangeability and the like. But has the following disadvantages: the screw consistency is too high, because any slight dimensional deviation of the cone shape will bring about a large difference in the area of the friction cone joint and the closeness of the installed pair of male and female nuts, resulting in a large difference in the anti-loosening locking torque under the same pre-tightening torque, which is one of the reasons why the Hard Lock eccentric nut is not easily imitated! On the basis of the stress of the axially close full threads, the requirement on the processing precision of the lead screw is greatly relaxed, a 'wedging ring' which is screwed in the opposite direction is introduced, and 2 close nuts are fastened with high friction; no matter external force makes main nut to rotate to that direction, the extrusion between 2 nuts obtained the locking moment of taking off great increase.

The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:

the locknut with the wedge ring comprises a ring-grooved locknut with the wedge ring and a split locknut with the wedge ring.

The main structure of the locknut with the groove-shaped wedging ring comprises: the fastening ring is provided with a radial protruding contact, and the main nut is provided with a ring groove and an internal thread; the structure characteristic and the assembly relation are as follows: the contact of the fastening ring is just deeply arranged in the ring groove of the main nut, and the axial width of the ring groove along the axial direction is changed (the central line of the ring groove is an arc line rotating around the axial line, and the arc line is in the same plane vertical to the axial line, so that the contact deeply arranged in the ring groove is restrained from fully contacting and running in the same vertical plane); the bottom ring and the main nut are in rigid connection or sliding fit; ensuring that the gap between the bottom ring and the main nut is larger than the height of the wedging ring so that the wedging ring is not clamped; the working principle of the locknut with the annular groove and the wedging ring is as follows: when the contact is locked by an object fastened by the screw rod, the contact slides to the position of the annular groove with the width smaller than the thickness of the contact in the annular groove by rotating the wedging ring, so that the contact can expand the narrow width in the annular groove, and the threads on the upper part and the lower part of the main nut are closer to the threads of the screw rod, thereby achieving the purpose of fastening.

The main structure of the split type locknut with the wedging ring comprises: the fastening ring is provided with an axial protruding contact, and the main nut is provided with a spiral surface and an internal thread; the structure and the assembly relation are as follows: the working principle of the split type locknut with the wedge ring is basically the same as that of the annular locknut with the wedge ring; the difference is that: the main nut is separated into an upper nut and a lower nut which are both provided with internal threads, bearing surfaces are mutually contacted in use, the wedging ring is clamped in a gap between the upper nut and the lower nut like the main nut, the gap is ensured to be higher than the wedging ring, so that the wedging ring is not clamped, and the outer cylindrical surfaces of the upper nut and the lower nut and the inner cylindrical surface of the wedging ring are mutually constrained, so that the wedging ring can rotate around an axis; the helical surface is processed on the lower bottom surface of the upper nut, the contact is processed on the upper bottom surface of the lower nut, after the upper nut and the lower nut are screwed, the bearing surfaces of the upper nut and the lower nut are abutted together, and the contact is not contacted with the helical surface yet due to size matching, so that the contact is contacted with the helical surface by rotating the fastening ring (relatively) (the annular surface of the fastening ring contacted with the end ring of the lower nut is a whole annular surface or a local annular surface (after hollowing out) so as to reduce the area of the friction surface)), thereby increasing the mutual thrust between the original upper nut and the lower nut, leading the threads to have larger mutual acting force, and achieving the purpose of fastening and locking.

The screwing direction of the fastening ring is selected to be the same as that of the internal thread of the (main nut), so that the fastening ring is screwed after the main nut is screwed according to the installation sequence, and if the screwing direction of the fastening ring is the same as that of the main nut, the fastening ring is beneficial to operation in the same direction when the fastening ring is used for fastening and reinforcing.

Further: the spiral surface of the main nut is processed on the upper nut or the lower nut, and the contact point of the fastening ring always faces the spiral surface.

Further: the upper nut of the split anti-loose nut with the wedge ring and the bearing surface of the nut are planes or mutually nested convex-concave surfaces.

Further: the wedge ring of the split locknut with the wedge ring has the ring surface in contact with the end ring, namely the whole ring surface or the (hollowed) local ring surface (so as to reduce the area of the friction surface).

The invention has the advantages of firmer anti-loosening effect, beautiful appearance and elegance; and the production process is simple.

[ description of the drawings ]

The invention is further described in the following preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of the external configuration of a ring-groove locknut with a wedge ring.

Fig. 2 is a detailed schematic diagram of the structure of the locknut with the annular groove and the clamping ring.

Fig. 3 is a perspective schematic view of a ring-grooved locknut with a wedge ring.

Fig. 4 is one of the schematic structural diagrams of a split locknut with a wedge ring.

Fig. 5 is a second schematic view of a split locknut with a wedge ring.

Description of the reference symbols:

(1) Tight ring 1

(2) Contact 1

(3) Main nut

(4) Ring groove

(5) Oblique wedge groove

(6) Bottom ring

(7) Arrow head

(8) The section of the wedge ring,

(9) And (10) the direction of the wedge cleaving force

(11) Screw rod

(12) Axial line

(13) Fastened article

(14) Plan view of

(15) Bottom view

(16) Raised part

(17) Depressed part

(18) Lower ring surface

(19) Internal thread

(20) Helicoid

(21) Upper nut

(22) Force bearing surface 3

(23) Bottom view of upper nut

(24) Internal thread

(25) Tight ring 2

(26) Contact 2

(27) Inner cylindrical surface

(28) Top view of the wedge ring 2

(29) Bearing surface 4

(30) End ring

(31) Top view of lower nut

(32) Perspective view of final assembly

(33) Plan view of

(34) Main nut and bottom ring assembly drawing

(35) Lower nut

(36) Connection of bottom ring and main nut

(37) Nut state after locking

[ examples ] to practice

As shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3:

the fastening ring 1 (1) is provided with a contact 1 (2) protruding towards the inner side (radial direction), the contact 1 (2) just penetrates into a ring groove (4) of a main nut (3) processed with an internal thread (19), and the width of an axis (12) of the ring groove (4) along the direction of the axis (12) is changed; the inclined wedge groove (5) has the function that before the bottom ring (6) is tightly installed at the position with a smaller diameter at the end of the main nut (3), the inclined wedge groove (5) is not needed if the contact 1 (2) is installed subsequently in the process that the wedge ring (1) axially sleeves the main nut (3), wherein the contact 1 (2) is a strip-shaped part separated from the wedge ring (1) and is inserted into the groove of the already-placed wedge ring (1), and the contact is tightly matched, tightened or welded and fixed; the bottom ring (6) and the main nut (3) are in tight fit, and the gap (width) between the bottom ring (6) and the main nut (3) is ensured to be larger than the height of the clamping ring (1), so that the clamping ring (1) can smoothly rotate in the clamping ring (1).

The working principle of the locknut with the annular groove and the wedging ring is as follows: after an object (13) to be fastened is locked through the screw (11), the wedging ring 1 (1) is rotated along the arrow (7) direction to enable the contact 1 (2) to slide in the ring groove (4) to the position of the ring groove (4) with the width smaller than the thickness of the contact 1 (2), the contact 1 (2) enables the narrow width in the ring groove (4) to expand to generate opening force (shown as a wedging ring section (8)) along the oblique wedging force directions (9) and (10), and the threads on the upper portion and the lower portion of the main nut (3) are enabled to be closer to the threads of the screw (11) through expansion, so that the fastening purpose is achieved.

The mating relationship between the components can be seen in the general assembly perspective view (32), the top view (33) and the main nut and bottom ring assembly view (34). The coupling (36) of the bottom ring to the main nut indicates a coupled state therebetween, a locked nut state (37).

The locknut with the annular groove and the wedge ring has the advantages that the possibility of mutual rotation between the upper nut and the lower nut does not exist; even under strong vibration environment, the locking force due to the belt wedged contact point can not be reduced.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5:

the working principle of the split type locknut with the wedge ring is basically the same as that of the annular locknut with the wedge ring; the difference lies in that: the main nut is divided into an upper nut (21) and a lower nut (35) which are provided with internal threads (24); when in use, the bearing surface 3 (22) and the bearing surface 4 (29) are mutually contacted, the wedge ring 2 (25) is in a gap between the upper nut (21) and the lower nut (35), and the gap (width) between the upper nut (21) (the lower ring surface (18) of the outer edge part) and the lower nut (35) (the end ring (30)) is ensured to be larger than the height of the wedge ring 1 (1), so that the wedge ring 2 (25) is not clamped, and the outer cylindrical surface and the inner cylindrical surface (27) of the wedge ring 2 (25) are mutually restrained to rotate around the axis. The helicoid (20) is processed on the lower bottom surface of the upper nut (21), the contact 2 (26) is processed on the upper bottom surface of the lower nut (35), after the upper nut (21) and the lower nut (35) are screwed, the bearing surfaces 3 (22) and the bearing surfaces 4 (29) of the upper nut and the lower nut are abutted together, and the contact 2 (26) is not contacted with the helicoid (20) due to the matching of the sizes, so that the contact 2 (26) is contacted with the helicoid (20) due to the (relative) rotation of the wedging ring 2 (25), the mutual thrust between the original upper nut and the original lower nut is increased, larger mutual acting force is generated between threads, and the purpose of fastening and looseness prevention is achieved.

The upper nut (21) and the lower nut (35) are also divided into 2 contact modes: one is a plane contact mode, and the other is a convex-concave contact mode; as shown in the top view (14) and the bottom view (15), a convex part (16) and a concave part (17).

The fit relationship between the components can be seen from the bottom view (23) of the upper nut, the top view (28) of the wedge ring 2 and the top view (31) of the lower nut.

The plane contact structure of the split locknut with the wedge ring has the advantages that the production is relatively simplified, but the possibility of mutual rotation exists between the upper nut and the lower nut; once the upper nut and the lower nut rotate mutually, the locking force is greatly reduced.

Claims (4)

1. The locknut with the wedge ring comprises a ring-shaped locknut with the wedge ring and a split locknut with the wedge ring; the method is characterized in that: the main structure of the locknut with the groove-shaped wedging ring comprises: the fastening ring is provided with a radial protruding contact, and the main nut is provided with a ring groove and an internal thread; the structure and the assembly relation are as follows: the contact point of the fastening ring is just deeply inserted into the ring groove of the main nut, and the axial width of the ring groove along the axial direction is changed (the central line of the ring groove is an arc line rotating around the axial line, and the arc line is in the same vertical plane of the axial line); the bottom ring and the main nut are in rigid connection or sliding fit; ensuring that the gap between the bottom ring and the main nut is larger than the height of the wedging ring so that the wedging ring is not clamped; the working principle of the locknut with the annular groove and the wedging ring is as follows: after the screw is fastened and locked by an object, the fastening ring is rotated to enable the contact to slide to the position of the annular groove with the width smaller than the thickness of the contact in the annular groove, the contact enables the narrower width in the annular groove to be expanded, threads on the upper portion and the lower portion of the main nut are enabled to be closer to threads of the screw, and the fastening purpose is achieved; the main structure of the split type locknut with the wedging ring comprises: the fastening ring is provided with an axial protruding contact, and the main nut is provided with a spiral surface and an internal thread; the structure and the assembly relation are as follows: the working principle of the split type locknut with the wedge ring is basically the same as that of the annular locknut with the wedge ring; the difference lies in that: the main nut is separated into an upper nut and a lower nut which are both provided with internal threads, bearing surfaces are mutually contacted in use, the wedging ring is clamped in a gap between the upper nut and the lower nut like the wedging ring, the gap is ensured to be higher than the height of the wedging ring, so that the wedging ring is not clamped, the outer cylindrical surfaces of the upper nut and the lower nut and the inner cylindrical surface of the wedging ring are mutually constrained, the wedging ring can rotate around an axis, and the wedging ring is contacted with an end ring to generate acting pressure; the helicoid is processed on the lower bottom surface of last nut, and the contact is processed on the last bottom surface of lower nut, after being screwed between last nut and lower nut, the load face and the load face of upper and lower nut have been close to together, and the matching of size makes the contact not yet contact the helicoid, therefore (relative) rotation agrees with the tight ring and makes the contact the helicoid, just so increased the thrust each other between original upper and lower nut, make to have bigger interact power between the screw thread, 2 types of nuts have all reached the locking purpose of fastening.

2. The anti-loose nut with the wedge ring according to claim 1, wherein the spiral surface of the main nut is processed on the upper nut or processed on the lower nut, and the contact point of the wedge ring always faces the spiral surface.

3. The locknut with the wedge ring according to claim 1, wherein the bearing surfaces of the upper nut and the nut of the locknut with the wedge ring are planar bearing surfaces besides the mutually nested convex-concave surfaces.

4. The wedge-ring locknut of claim 1, wherein the surface of the wedge-ring that contacts the end ring is a whole surface or a partial surface.

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