CN115613563A - Anchor cable reducing cage and anchor rod or pile foundation - Google Patents

Abstract

An anchor cable reducing cage comprises at least two ring-shaped fixers, an axial sleeve, an anchor cable and a releasing mechanism, wherein a connecting rib and a central rod are arranged in the axial sleeve 1, the lower end of the anchor cable is fixed on a bearing plate as an anchoring device, a first ring-shaped fixer is sleeved on the central axial sleeve and can slide, one end of a limiting device and one end of the releasing mechanism are fixed on the first ring-shaped fixer and can slide under the action of the ring-shaped fixer releasing mechanism, a plurality of vertical ribs surround the central rod, a first group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively movably connected with the upper ends of a plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the first ring-shaped fixer, and a second group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the second ring-shaped fixer; the limiting device is used for limiting the release of the reducing cage by a limiting rope or a limiting pin.

Description

Anchor cable reducing cage and anchor rod or pile foundation

Technical Field

The invention relates to an anchor cable reducing cage and an anchor rod or pile foundation prepared by using the anchor cable reducing cage.

Background

The anchor rod is a new complex formed by a rod body and the like which are positioned in a rock-soil body and the rock-soil body. The anchor rod in the complex body is the key for solving the problem of low tensile capacity of the surrounding rock body. Thereby greatly enhancing the bearing capacity of the rock-soil body. The anchor rod is the most basic component of roadway support in the modern underground mining mine, and the anchor rod ties the surrounding rocks of the roadway together to support the surrounding rocks. The anchor rod is not only used in mines, but also used in engineering technology for actively reinforcing and resisting the floating of side slopes and the like.

The applicant obtains the patent of invention, namely CNZL2017100994519, a reducing reinforcement cage and an expanded anchor rod or pile foundation thereof, and the reducing reinforcement cage is widely applied, wherein the anchor rod is used as a tension member penetrating into the stratum, one end of the anchor rod is connected with an engineering structure, the other end (bottom end or far end) penetrates into the stratum, the whole anchor rod is divided into a free section and an anchoring section, the free section is an area for transmitting the tension at the head of the anchor rod to an anchoring body, and the function of the free section is to apply prestress on the anchor rod; the anchoring section is an area where the prestressed tendons and the soil layer are bonded by cement paste, and has the functions of increasing the bonding friction effect of the anchoring body and the soil layer, increasing the bearing effect of the anchoring body and transmitting the pulling force of the free section to the deep part of the soil body. The anchoring section of the other end (bottom end or far end) of the anchor rod penetrating into the stratum is an area where the prestressed tendon and the soil layer are bonded by cement slurry, the anchoring section has the functions of increasing the bonding friction effect of the anchoring body and the soil layer, increasing the bearing effect of the anchoring body and transmitting the tension of the free section to the deep part of the soil body. The need for an enlarged head constructed from a variable diameter steel reinforcement cage, such as CN201811394388.2, can greatly increase the anchoring force of the anchor rod. The reducing steel bar cage provided by CNZL2017100994519 adopts a main steel bar acting main rod and adopts an elastic structure of a power spring, the power spring is opened (extended) or compressed and elastically restrained by a locking rope, the locking rope is opened, and when the restraint is released, the elasticity of the spring is released to push at least one spline (a ring-shaped fixer is sleeved on a central rod (a sleeve rod) to slide). There is also a need for a more rational structure for opening the reducer cage and a more rational structure for releasing the enlarged head.

The anchor rod is a new complex formed by a rod body and the like which are positioned in a rock-soil body and the rock-soil body. The anchor rod in the complex is the key to solve the problem of low tensile capacity of the surrounding rock mass. Thereby greatly enhancing the bearing capacity of the rock-soil body. The anchor rod is the most basic component of roadway support in the modern underground mining mine, and the anchor rod ties the surrounding rocks of the roadway together to support the surrounding rocks. The anchor rod is not only used in mines, but also used in engineering technology for actively reinforcing basements, side slopes, tunnels, dams and the like to resist floating.

But the diameter-variable cage which adopts the diameter-variable cage and the anchor cables as the main ribs has special function in application, the anchor cables are soft and can be bent, and the number of the anchor cables can be changed to adjust stress. Especially, the anchor cable type anchor rod for the novel slope protection structure of the highway, the railway or the mountain body has more advantages in the construction of the anchor cable frame beam, and the significance of the anchor cable type anchor rod for enlarging the head structure is larger.

CN2516635Y discloses a prestressed anchorage device, 1) when the steel strands are bundled, they should be straightened one by one and bundled into bundles without disorder. The extrusion type anchorage or the embossing type anchorage at the fixed end of the steel strand is assembled with the bearing plate and the spiral rib in advance; 2) Before the prestressed tendons are tensioned, a concrete strength pressure test report is provided. When the compressive strength of the concrete meets the design requirement and is not lower than 75% of the design strength grade, prestress can be applied; 3) Before the prestressed tendons are tensioned, cleaning the surface of a bearing plate, and checking the quality of concrete behind the bearing plate; 4) When the prestressed anchorage device is installed, the anchor plates are aligned, the clamping pieces are tightened, and the clamping pieces are uniform. 5) Before formal tensioning of the large-tonnage prestressed tendon, the tensioning process is reasonable, the tensioning elongation value is normal, and after no harmful crack appears, batch tensioning can be carried out. The actual tunnel attrition loss was measured as necessary. Tensioning a curve prestressed tendon by adopting a single jack 6) during tensioning, firstly loading from zero to initial tension of a starting point of elongation measurement, and then loading to required tension force in stages; 7) The pore grouting is required to be compact, and the strength grade of the cement paste is not lower than C30.

CN99202435.8Anchorage at fixed end of steel strand inhaul cable:(1) Cylindrical conventional anchors. The specification model is expressed as: M15-N or M13-N; the anchorage device has good anchoring performance and tension self-anchoring performance. The tensioning is generally realized by a through jack.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an anchor cable reducing cage and an anchor rod or pile foundation with a reducing steel bar or a fiber cage or a steel bar cage (especially the reducing fiber cage or the steel bar cage and an enlarged head framework), so that the anchor cable type anchor rod of a novel slope protection structure of a building, a road, a railway or a mountain is widely applied.

The invention has the technical scheme that the anchor cable reducing cage comprises at least two ring-shaped retainers, an axial sleeve 1, anchor cables, a release mechanism, connecting ribs and a central rod (loop bar), wherein a plurality of anchor cables are arranged in the axial sleeve 1, the lower ends of the anchor cables are fixed on a pressure bearing plate as anchoring devices, a first ring-shaped retainer is sleeved on the central axial sleeve and can slide, one ends of a limiting device and the release mechanism are used for fixing the first ring-shaped retainer and enabling the ring-shaped retainer to slide under the action of the release mechanism, a plurality of vertical ribs surround the central rod, a first group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively and movably connected with the upper ends of a plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the first ring-shaped retainer, and a second group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of a plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the second ring-shaped retainer; the limiting device is used for limiting the release of the reducing cage by a limiting rope or a limiting pin. The ring-shaped fixer can slide after being released; the starting mode of the indirect acting force device for breaking or releasing the restraint rope and the restraint pin is very useful, the restraint pin can directly limit the movement direction and trend of the indirect acting force device, and the direct acting force device does not need breaking or releasing the restraint rope and the restraint pin.

The releasing mechanism is an elastic device, and two ends of the elastic device are respectively fixed at a movable ring-shaped fixer and another fixed position fixed with the main bar anchor cable; the elastic device is a power spring which is sleeved on the central rod and applies elastic force, or a spring piece, an elastic ring, an elastic ball, an elastic rod, a compression bag, an elastic rope or a spring of an outer hoop, wherein the spring piece, the elastic ring, the elastic ball, the elastic rod, the compression bag, the elastic rope or the spring of the outer hoop is used for sliding the first round fixer, and the elastic device can apply elastic force to enable the first round fixer to slide.

The upper end of the anchor rod pile is provided with an anchor head which comprises a steel strand wire locking device 11 and a steel backing plate 12 sleeved on a plurality of steel strand wires, and the steel strand wire locking device 11 is arranged above the steel backing plate 12.

The anchor head comprises a steel bar net piece, a prestressed high-strength threaded rib anchorage device, a spiral rib and a steel sleeve, and the steel bar net piece is arranged above the prestressed steel stranded wire at intervals; the spiral reinforcement is arranged at the junction of the prestressed threaded steel bar and the frame lattice beam, and the outer sleeve of the prestressed stranded wire below the spiral reinforcement is a steel sleeve.

The anchor cable comprises an axial sleeve 1 of a lower end anchoring device of an anchor cable, a steel strand 2, a reducing cage bearing plate tapping 3, an anchor 4, a limiting plate limiting screw 5, an extrusion anchor head 6, a limiting plate 7 and a bearing plate 8.

A bearing plate is adopted for limiting, the bearing plate is used for fixing the bottom end (exposed end) of the steel strand 2 for the anchorage device, the bottom end is fastened by a steel sleeve with a taper on the outer surface, and the bearing plate is of an extruded anchor head structure, a plurality of holes are formed in the bearing plate, the hole diameter is larger than one end of the steel sleeve and smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the taper steel sleeve, and therefore one end of the steel strand is fixed. The bottom end (exposed end) of the steel strand 2 is fastened by a steel jacket with a taper on the outer surface, and a plurality of holes are arranged on the end plate, the hole diameter is larger than one end of the steel jacket and smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the taper steel jacket, so that one end of the steel cable is fixed.

The restraining means may be a restraining cord; the end part of the restraint rope is provided with a restraint pin which can also be used as one of the releasing methods of the restraint rope; but not limited to, the restraint rope can generally encircle a main rib anchor cable, the fracture of the restraint rope is as effective as the disengagement of the restraint pin, the release device and the whole reducing cage are restrained by the restraint sleeve and the safety pin connected with the restraint sleeve or the thin rope restraint rope, and the restraint sleeve or the restraint rope encircles the linkage rod or the vertical rib; the safety pin is provided with a restraining sleeve and a safety pin which is used for opening the restraining sleeve, opening the restraining sleeve or a string or connecting the restraining sleeve or the string and limiting the movement of the first ring-shaped fixer; the safety pin is a controlled action rod, and is restrained and released after being opened; the fracture of the restraint rope or the fracture of the acting force device is initiated by the disengagement of the restraint rope and the restraint pin; the breaking start of the restraint rope is to reduce the physical tension of the rope by external force cutting, blasting and electrifying heating, and the rope is made of water-soluble material or corrosion reaction material and reacts when meeting water or corrosive products.

The axial sleeve is made of metal or high polymer material. The upper end of the axial sleeve is provided with a limiter, the upper end of the power spring limits the power spring, and the power spring provides power when compressed. The ring-shaped fixer with the movable weight block for fixing the weight block is also a releasing device, and a structure after the restraint rope or the pin is released.

The anchor head can also comprise a reinforcing steel bar net piece, a prestressed high-strength threaded steel bar anchorage device, a spiral steel bar and a steel sleeve, wherein the reinforcing steel bar net piece is arranged above the prestressed threaded steel bar at intervals; the spiral rib is arranged at the junction of the prestressed threaded steel bar and the frame lattice beam, and a steel sleeve is sleeved outside the prestressed threaded steel bar below the spiral rib.

The device comprises a steel strand wire locking device 11, a steel backing plate 12, an outer sleeve 1-1, a soil guard plate 13, a free-section wire stringing ring 14, a centering bracket 15, concrete 16, a limiter 17, a vertical rib 18, a ring-shaped fixer 19, a power spring 20, an activating mechanism 21, a stirrup 22 and a bag 23. A limit pin 24, a restraint rope 25 and a pressure bearing plate 26. The grouting pipe 27, the anchor rod hole 28 and the inner part of the outer sleeve 1-1 are provided with uniformly distributed free-section stringing rings 14 which separate a bundle of steel strand wires.

The invention mainly comprises a ring-shaped fixer, connecting ribs, vertical ribs and the like to form the reducing cage, and has compact structure. The central rod (loop bar) can be welded or in threaded connection with the central hole (screw hole) of the bearing plate. The reducing cage has a plurality of structures: if several vertical ribs form the warp of the variable diameter cage, the connecting ribs form the middle weft, the peripheral stirrup or net can be arranged to form the peripheral weft, and the mesh cage and the mesh sheet are also used for strengthening the weft (all drawn in the attached drawings); the structure of the bag can be further arranged to increase the overall firmness of the expansion head.

The vertical rib parts and the adjustable ribs which form the reducing cage are reinforcing steel bars or fiber ribs (glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers and basalt fibers are all available fibers) which are available fiber cages or reinforcing steel bar cages.

The release device and the whole reducing cage are better restrained by the restraining sleeve and the safety pin connected with the restraining sleeve, and the restraining sleeve can restrain the linkage rod or the vertical rib in other modes such as a thin rope. The restraint sleeve or the thin rope ring is vertical to the rib. The restraint sleeve and a safety pin which limits the movement of the first round fixer and enables the restraint sleeve to be opened (the restraint sleeve or the string after being opened) or connected are arranged.

The mode of opening the reducing cage is typically applied by providing power when a power spring compresses (extends); the working process of the invention is as follows, when the safety pin (rope) is not released, the ferrule is restrained to the vertical rib and other components.

When the release device uses a power spring (other elastic elements are similar), the power spring is kept in an elastic power providing state (typically compressed or stretched; the power spring is used for sleeving a vertical rib after being compressed), the safety pin is a controlled rod (comprising an electric control device and the like), and when the safety pin is opened, the restraining sleeve is released, and the restraining sleeve cannot be used for sleeving the linkage rod or the lower linkage rod. Under the action of the elastic force of the power spring, the first ring-shaped fixer moves downwards, the reducing cage is opened, preferably, the connecting ribs are in a horizontal state, and the connecting ribs also play a role in expanding the head concrete framework at any angle.

The reducing cage is prepared into an anchor rod or a pile foundation and is widely applied to foundations. The anchor cable reducing cage comprises the anchor cable reducing cage, an anchor rod piece, a fixing structure at the upper end of the anchor rod piece and a steel bar connector; the anchor rod member adopts bonded or unbonded finish rolling twisted steel, steel strands, a prestressed pull rod and fiber bars, and the steel bar connector is used for the length connection of the anchor rod member; the top of the anchor rod piece is anchored with the bottom plate of the building, and the bottom of the anchor rod piece is locked and anchored with a reducing cage with a release device; the reducing cage with the releasing device, the anchor rod piece and the anchoring piece are combined with poured fiber concrete, super-fluid concrete, concrete or the like or cement mortar, fiber cement mortar, cement paste and fiber cement paste curing material crystals, so that an anchoring structure of the reducing cage with the releasing device is formed to expand the head anchor rod system; tensioning and locking by taking the bottom plate as a fulcrum for applying prestress or taking the anchor rod pile top as a fulcrum for applying prestress to form an anchoring structure prestress expansion head anchor rod system of the reducing cage with the release device; the anchor cable reducing cage with the release device can be sleeved with a bag or a shield.

The reducing cage with the releasing device is a fiber cage or a steel bar cage and various variable-diameter cages. The releasing device is various releasing mechanisms. Reducing cage release and cage, stock or pile foundation, each part material include but not limited to: the composite material comprises carbon fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers, aramid fiber glass, glass fiber reinforced resin, geotextile, canvas, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, boron ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, graphene, carbon element-related materials and composite materials thereof, macromolecules, high polymer materials, nano materials, steel, other metals, composite metals, metal materials, non-metal materials and the like, and can be elastic, flexible or rigid.

The reducing cage release device and the cage, the anchor rod or the pile foundation and each part are characterized in that the shape of the reducing cage release device comprises/is not limited to a cylinder, a polygonal (circular internal tangent) cylinder, a truncated cone, a cone (including a cone and a polygonal cone), a trapezoidal cylinder, a sphere and a bamboo joint-shaped cylinder; the cross-sectional plane pattern may be circular (elliptical), fan-shaped, arcuate, circular, etc. Polygons (including triangles, trapezoids, parallelograms, rhombuses, rectangles, squares, rays, pentagons, hexagons) and the like; the solid shape can also be varied: cubic, cuboid, cylinder, round table, prism, prismatic table, cone, pyramid, honeycomb, melon-net shape, lattice structure, etc. The specification, the model, the shape, the quantity, the size and the material can be adjusted according to different geological conditions of projects.

The anchor rod of the anchor cable reducing cage further comprises an anchor rod piece and a fixing structure at the upper end of the anchor rod piece, wherein the fixing structure comprises an outer sleeve 1-1, a free section stringing ring 14 and a centering support 15, and the anchor rod piece adopts a plurality of anchor cables (steel strands); the anchor cable at the top of the anchor rod piece and the building bottom plate are anchored through the anchor head, and the bottom of the anchor rod is locked and anchored with the reducing cage with the release device; a free section stringing ring 14 is arranged inside the outer sleeve 1-1 to support a plurality of anchor cables, a hole is arranged in the center of the centering bracket 15 and is sleeved on the outer sleeve, and a reducing cage with a release device, an anchor rod piece and an anchoring piece are combined with poured fiber concrete, super-fluid concrete, concrete and the like or cement mortar, fiber cement mortar, cement paste, fiber cement paste or other crystals capable of being solidified, so that an anchoring structure of the reducing cage with the release device is formed to expand a head anchor rod system; and tensioning and locking the anchor rod by taking the bottom plate as a fulcrum for applying prestress or taking the anchor rod pile top as a fulcrum for applying prestress to form the prestress expansion head anchor rod system of the anchoring structure of the reducing cage with the release device. The reducing cage with the release device can be sleeved with a bag. The reducing cage with the release device can also be provided with a sheath or a shield.

Has the advantages that: the invention provides a reducing cage release device for an anchor rod, which is used for enabling various reducing cages to become necessary frameworks of the reducing cage anchor rod and greatly enhancing the application function of the anchor rod or a pile foundation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the bottom of a fixed steel strand of the anchor rope reducing cage bottom anchorage of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an anchor rod part manufactured by the anchor cable reducing cage according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the anchor cable reducer cage according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an anchor rod system prepared by the anchor cable reducing cage of the invention, wherein a is the bottom of the anchor cable reducing cage;

FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of a furling structure of the anchor cable reducing cage according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of an opened structure of the anchor cable reducing cage of fig. 5.

Detailed Description

As shown, the application of the invention to various reducing cages and in bolting systems is illustrated, the main application figures being readily apparent and understood by the skilled person. FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of a furled structure of the anchor cable reducing cage according to the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an opened configuration of the anchor cable reducer cage of FIG. 5; representing various variable diameter steel reinforcement cage structures that the applicant has applied, variable diameter cages may also include fiber cages. There are various structures for opening the cage.

In the figure, an axial sleeve 1, a steel strand 2, a reducing cage bearing plate tapping 3, an anchorage device 4, a bearing plate limit screw 5, an extrusion anchor head 6, a limit plate 7 and a bearing plate 8. The steel strand wires locking device 11, a steel backing plate (bearing plate) 12, an outer sleeve 1-1, a soil retaining plate 13, a free section stringing ring 14, a centering bracket 15, concrete 16, a limiting stopper 17, a vertical rib 18, a ring-shaped fixer 19, a power spring 20, an activating mechanism 21, a stirrup 22 and a bag 23. A limit pin 24, a restraint rope 25 and a pressure bearing plate 26. Grouting pipe 27, anchor rod hole 28.

The anchoring structure at the bottom can be as shown in figure 1 and mainly comprises an anchorage device 4 and a pressure bearing plate limiting screw rod 5; there may also be additional structures: the anchorage device 4 and the bearing plate limiting screw 5 are not adopted, the bearing plate 8 and the limiting plate 7 can adopt a bearing plate and take into account the limiting plate, the bearing plate simultaneously fixes the bottom end (exposed end) of the steel strand 2 of the anchorage device, the bottom end is fastened by a steel sleeve with taper on the outer surface to extrude the anchor head structure, a plurality of holes are arranged on the bearing plate, the hole diameter is larger than one end of the steel sleeve and smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the taper steel sleeve, and therefore one end of the steel cable is fixed.

Preparing an anchorage device by using LDPE. The bottom end (exposed end) of the steel strand 2 is fastened by a steel sleeve with a taper on the outer surface, a plurality of holes are arranged on the end plate, the aperture is larger than one end of the steel sleeve and smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the taper steel sleeve, and therefore one end of the steel cable is fixed.

Releasing device: is provided with a restraining sleeve (ring or rope) and a safety pin connected with the restraining sleeve for restraining, and the restraining sleeve (ring) restrains and links the vertical ribs. The safety pin is opened, or the restraint rope is broken to start, namely, external force cutting, blasting and electrifying heating are carried out to reduce the physical tension of the restraint rope, and physical (materials dissolved in water enable the rope to be broken after being dissolved in water) or chemical methods (acid and alkali are adopted, and reactive chemicals are mixed in the rope and react when meeting water or can react when meeting the chemicals) are adopted to reduce the physical tension of the restraint rope. The steel strand 2 is a main rib anchor cable.

The diameter-changing cage comprises a plurality of vertical ribs, two groups of same movable connecting ribs with the same number as the vertical ribs, a first round-shaped fixer and a second round-shaped fixer, and can be specially provided with an outer sleeve sleeved on a main rib anchor rope, wherein the plurality of vertical ribs surround the main rib anchor rope, the first group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the upper ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the round-shaped fixer, the second group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the second round-shaped fixer, a bearing plate is fixed with the main rib anchor rope at the lower end of the main rib anchor rope, and one round-shaped fixer is fixed with the outer sleeve; the grouting pipe is arranged and fixed with the first ring-shaped fixer or a certain vertical rib; when the grouting pipe is stressed to make the outer sleeve sink, the reducing cage is opened (the vertical ribs of the fiber cage or the reinforcement cage are opened). One end of each vertical rib of each group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs is connected with the same height position of one rib, the other end of each movable connecting rib is connected with a fixed joint of a ring-shaped fixer, and the ring-shaped fixer is fixed or slides on an outer sleeve rod of the main rib anchor cable.

The inside of the wrapped reinforcing mesh is provided with a structural schematic diagram of a reinforcing cage of a reinforcing mesh sheet; vertical ribs and discontinuous weft cages without structures such as a guide cap at the lower part. The short wefts connected with the same latitude on the adjacent vertical ribs are provided with fixing mechanisms; the adjacent ends of the adjacent short wefts at the same latitude are provided with convex ends which are mutually locked with the ring sleeves, the mutually matched rail sliding structure of the adjacent short wefts is not eliminated, and the ends of the rails are also provided with locking parts. When the fixing mechanism is not adopted, the structure is only a fiber cage or a reinforcement cage framework structure, and a complete fiber cage or reinforcement cage cannot be formed.

When the overlapping area of the adjacent short wefts is reduced or disappears, the adjacent ends of the adjacent short wefts are fixed by the collars, so that closed weft loops or basically closed weft loops are formed, and the convex ends are fixedly locked by the collars.

The adoption of short weft fiber cages or reinforcement cages is structurally simpler. The vertical ribs are warps, short wefts are uniformly welded on the vertical ribs, the short wefts with the same latitude on the adjacent vertical ribs have an overlapping area (hard wefts are crossed or staggered) when the variable-diameter fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage shrinks, and the releasing mechanism reduces or eliminates the overlapping area of the short wefts when the variable-diameter fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage releases.

When the fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage with the variable diameter is a single layer, the number of the vertical ribs is generally 4-8, for example 6, the vertical ribs are uniformly distributed, the diameter of the fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage is about 15 cm when the fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage is contracted, the diameter of the fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage is generally 25-50 cm when the fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage is released, the diameter of the fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage can be larger, and the diameter of the fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage is customized according to design requirements. The short weft is a rigid wire or a flexible wire and comprises a structure connected with a steel bar, a steel rope or the steel bar and the steel rope. It is not excluded to use a fibrous rigid material for the short weft. The short weft can be in a circular arc shape, the length of the short weft is 13-30 cm (the middle of the circular arc is fixed on the vertical rib), the six sections of circular arcs are inwards concave towards the direction of the vertical rib, the circular arc is in a circle with a smaller diameter when the circular arc is contracted, and the circular arc is in a circle when the circular arc is released and opened. The weft can be distributed at intervals of more than 5 according to the height of the fiber cage or the reinforcement cage.

CN2017103161244 a structure such as spring that stock or pile foundation used variable diameter fiber cage or steel reinforcement cage mentioned, for example combine with the slip casting pipe to form a flexible vaulting pole. The grouting pipe is fixed with the first ring-shaped fixer or a certain vertical rib; the grouting pipe is a rigid rod or is additionally provided with a rigid rod so that the outer sleeve can slide to open the fiber cage or the reinforcement cage. Namely, the two groups of movable connecting ribs are propped open because of being respectively connected with a plurality of vertical ribs. The grouting pipe (or the auxiliary rod) is fixed with a connecting rib of the outer ring of the ring-shaped fixer or a certain vertical rib; the slip casting pipe (or the auxiliary rod) is directly stressed to make the outer sleeve sink, and the sliding ring-shaped fixer opens the fiber cage or the vertical bar of the reinforcement cage. The grouting pipe is a rigid rod or is additionally provided with a rigid rod so that the outer sleeve can slide to open the fiber cage or the reinforcement cage. The peripheries of a plurality of vertical bars of the enlarged head fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage are provided with stirrups (which can be steel ropes or elastic steel bars) which are movably connected; when the elastic steel bar is used, the variable-diameter fiber cage or the steel bar cage can be released by releasing the elastic stirrup, and the main reinforcement anchor cable is wrapped and coagulated by concrete or cement mortar, cement paste or other curable materials.

The external hydraulic and pneumatic opening mode is mainly used for providing power for the first ring-shaped fixer or the second ring-shaped fixer to slide along the axial rod, namely, the hydraulic or pneumatic extensible rod is fixed with the first ring-shaped fixer or the second ring-shaped fixer along the axial rod (such as through a connecting rod or a lever), the hydraulic or pneumatic extensible rod can drive the fiber cage or the reinforcement cage to be opened, and the releasing and driving structure is also suitable for the reinforcement cage. Description of other modes of opening: rotatory, extension spring, stretch cord, elastic cord, vacuum tension stick, stay cord, (hydraulic pressure pull rod) pull rod, spring leaf, elastic ring, bounce ball, elastic stick, compression bag, hydraulic ram (pole), the scalable vaulting pole of the elastic type of atmospheric pressure top (pole) counter weight, resilient means: both provide the force of sliding the first ring-shaped anchor 2 or the second ring-shaped anchor along the axial rod.

The bottom of the grouting pipe is provided with a telescopic grouting head, and when grouting liquid in the grouting pipe or inflation is carried out, the grouting head can extend to push the adjustable mechanism to unfold the fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage. Or the releasing mechanism is that the central pipes at the upper end and the lower end are sleeved with spiral springs (the diameter of the springs in a free state is far larger than that of the central pipes), the upper end and the lower end of each spring are respectively fixed on the vertical rib limiting disc and the pressure rotating disc, the diameter of each spring is contracted and tightly attached to the central rod when the diameter-changing cage is in a contracted state, and after the limiting pin is pulled out, the large-diameter state of each spring before the spring is restored is relieved, so that the pressure rotating disc is driven to rotate until the vertical ribs of the diameter-changing cage are completely opened;

or the releasing mechanism comprises a rotary, tension spring, an elastic rope, a vacuum tension rod, a pull rope, a (hydraulic pull rod) pull rod, a spring leaf, an elastic ring, an elastic ball, an elastic rod, a compression bag, a hydraulic jack (rod), an elastic telescopic support rod of a pneumatic jack (rod) counterweight, and a movable ring-shaped fixer and another fixed position fixed with the main rib anchor cable, wherein the two ends of the elastic device are respectively fixed at one end of the two ends.

A compression spring, a sheet spring, a hydraulic rod or a pneumatic rod, a torsion spring (which can be used as power for expanding and unfolding separately); the anchor rod body can cooperate high-strength nut locking prestressing force, can use fibre reinforced concrete with the anchor rod body and with the concrete of anchor section. When the safety pin is not released, the safety pin is a controlled rod to enable the restraint ring to be sleeved on the linkage rod or the expansion rod, the power spring (or other release mechanisms) is kept in a power supply state, and when the safety pin is opened, the restraint sleeve is released, and the restraint sleeve is scattered or moved to the pin shaft position at the end part of the linkage rod or the expansion rod. And when the concrete framework is opened to a horizontal position or at any angle, the concrete framework is the enlarged head.

The periphery of the variable-diameter fiber cage or the steel reinforcement cage can also be wrapped by the bag. A mesh reinforcement may be provided around the cage. The rod body can adopt finish rolled steel bars, and also can adopt a rod body made of tensile fibers or a composite material rod body. The finish rolling steel bar body can be a pre-stressed body added firstly or secondly, and the post-stressed body can be an outer layer of the finish rolling steel bar which is sequentially coated with an anti-corrosion coating, anti-corrosion grease and a sleeve.

The reducing cage with the releasing device is a fiber cage or a steel reinforcement cage and various variable diameter cages. The releasing device is various releasing mechanisms.

Reducing cage release and cage, stock or pile foundation, each part material include but not limited to: the composite material comprises carbon fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers, aramid fiber glass, glass fiber reinforced resin, geotextile, canvas, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, boron ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, graphene, carbon element-related materials and composite materials thereof, high molecules, high polymer materials, nano materials, steel, other metals, composite metals, metal materials, non-metal materials and the like, and can be elastic, flexible or rigid.

The reducing cage release device and the cage, the anchor rod or the pile foundation thereof, and the shapes of all parts include/but are not limited to a cylinder, a polygonal (circular internal tangent) cylinder, a truncated cone, a cone (including a cone and a polygonal cone), a trapezoidal cylinder, a sphere and a bamboo joint-shaped cylinder; the cross-sectional plane figures may be circular (elliptical), fan-shaped, arcuate, circular, etc. Polygons (including triangles, trapezoids, parallelograms, rhombuses, rectangles, squares, rays, pentagons, hexagons), and the like; the solid shape can also be varied: cubic, cuboid, cylinder, round table, prism, prismatic table, cone, pyramid, honeycomb, melon twine shape, lattice structure, etc. The specification, the model, the shape, the quantity, the size and the material can be adjusted according to different geological conditions of projects.

The reducing cage anchor rod with the release device comprises an anchor rod piece, fixing structures at the upper ends of the anchor rod piece and a steel bar connector; the anchor rod member adopts bonded or unbonded finish rolling twisted steel, steel strands, a prestressed pull rod and fiber bars, and the steel bar connector is used for the length connection of the anchor rod member; the top of the anchor rod piece is anchored with the bottom plate of the building, and the bottom of the anchor rod piece is locked and anchored with a reducing cage with a release device; the reducing cage with the release device, the anchor rod piece and the anchoring piece are combined with poured fiber concrete, super-fluid concrete, concrete and the like or cement mortar, fiber cement mortar, cement paste, fiber cement paste or other crystals capable of curing materials, so that an anchoring structure of the reducing cage with the release device is formed to expand the head anchor rod system; and tensioning and locking the anchor rod by taking the bottom plate as a fulcrum for applying prestress or taking the anchor rod pile top as a fulcrum for applying prestress to form the prestress expansion head anchor rod system of the anchoring structure of the reducing cage with the release device. The reducing cage with the release device can be sleeved with a bag. The reducing cage with the release device can also be provided with a sheath or a shield.

The application of the invention comprises the following steps of calculating the pulling-resistant bearing capacity of a single expanded-head anchor rod of silty clay-silty clay, strongly weathered argillaceous siltstone-sandy mudstone, siltstone, moderately weathered argillaceous siltstone-sandy mudstone and moderately weathered siltstone, and calculating the limit bearing capacity and the design bearing capacity of the engineering expanded-head anchor rod according to the engineering geological survey report and the designed anchor rod type and the technical specification of high-pressure jet expanded-head anchor rod (JGJ/T282-2012) as follows:

enlarging the cross-sectional size of the anchor rod: 250/750 (circular cross section), the length of a single anchor rod is 15 meters, the length of a common anchoring section is 12.5 meters, the length of an expanded anchoring section is 2.5 meters, and a strongly weathered argillaceous siltstone-sandy mudstone layer and a siltstone layer are used as the expanded anchoring section and enter the layer for at least 2.5 meters. The characteristic value of the pulling-resistant bearing capacity of the single expanded head anchor rod is 500kN.

The construction scheme is as follows: the construction process of the expanded head anchor rod comprises the following steps that (1) construction parameters are adjusted according to design requirements;

1.1.1, measuring and positioning, and popping hole site datum lines on a base layer according to the on-site rechecked axis and according to design requirements and stratum conditions. And determining the position of the specific anchor rod according to the reference line, marking by using a joint bar method, and scattering lime marks, wherein the plane positioning deviation of the anchor rod is not more than 100mm. And informing the supervision and the owner of the on-site personnel to recheck and check.

1.1.2 non-enlarged head section drilling, roofbolter pore-forming:

(1) The diameter of the non-expanded head section rod body of the anchor rod is 250mm, the hole site deviation is less than or equal to 100mm, the hole inclination is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the hole diameter is more than or equal to 250mm.

(2) And (3) adopting a rotary jet drill bit to perform low-pressure jet pore-forming or adopting a drill bit matched with the designed aperture to perform drilling.

1.1.3 high pressure rotary jet reaming, or mechanical reaming.

If the prestressed unbonded rib is adopted, the surface of the anchor cable of the main rib is provided with an anti-corrosive grease layer, and a plastic film sleeve is arranged outside the anti-corrosive grease layer; the anticorrosion grease layer is coated by the anticorrosion grease layer coating device, the anticorrosion grease layer coating non-adhesive ribs are coated with polyethylene or polypropylene plastic films by a plastic extruder, and then a plastic sleeve is formed by a cooling cylinder mold, wherein the sleeve can be made of various materials such as metal, PP, PE, PVC, plastics and the like. The quality requirement of the rod body is as follows: the anchor rod body anchor cable is made of high-strength steel bars coated with anticorrosive coatings, the adhesive force between the coatings and a steel bar base layer is not lower than 5 anchor rod Pa, the adhesive force between the coatings and a cement base layer is not lower than 1.5mPa, and the coating thickness is more than 280 microns. And b, firmly binding the reinforcing steel bars and the centering bracket. c is made strictly according to design requirements and specifications.

1.1.5, installing an anchor rod, and checking the quality of the rod anchor cable before the rod anchor cable is placed into the drilled hole to ensure that the rod assembly meets the design requirement. Placing the grouting pipe and the anchor rod into the hole at the same time, opening the restraint device after the elevation is designed, and expanding the ribbed nut or the ribbed flange of the tree root-shaped ground anchor to the designed diameter; the distance from the end of the grouting pipe to the bottom of the hole is preferably 200 anchor rods, the length of the anchor rods inserted into the holes is not less than 95% of the design specification, after the anchor rods are installed, the anchor rods cannot be knocked randomly and cannot be lifted randomly, the verticality is well controlled (the hole inclination is less than or equal to 1.0%), and then grouting cement slurry is prepared (pressure grouting).

1.1.6 grouting, wherein the grouting material can be fine aggregate concrete;

taking the anchor rod pile top as a fulcrum for applying prestress: (1) after the strength of the concrete or grouting body of the anchor rod reaches 90%, cleaning floating slurry above the designed elevation of the pile top of the anchor rod, leveling by using cement mortar, and embedding an anchor backing plate at the top of the anchor rod; (2) and arranging a prestressed nut on the threaded steel bar above the anchor backing plate, mechanically connecting the prestressed nut with the backing plate and the prestressed steel bar, screwing the prestressed nut in time, and applying prestress to a deformation position required by design by using a matched torque wrench. Or applying prestress to the load required by the design by using a jack or other equipment, and locking by using an anchorage device. (3) The anchor backing plate and the nut for locking the prestress are both brushed with anti-corrosion paint; (4) pouring a cushion layer, and placing a water-swelling water-stopping adhesive tape at the lower end of the bottom plate at the upper end of the cushion layer; (5) the protecting device applied on the prestressed nut means that the spiral stirrup is sleeved on the prestressed nut, the spiral stirrup and the foundation slab steel bar on the base are bound, and collision to the prestressed steel bar is avoided in the binding process; (6) installing an anchoring accessory; according to the requirements of engineering design and specifications, an anchoring structure is arranged at the top of the anchor rod main rib anchor cable; (7) and finally, erecting a formwork and pouring a foundation concrete foundation slab, and pouring the foundation concrete foundation slab together with the building slab to form an anti-floating tensile or compressive system.

The post-tensioned prestressing force applying device of the anchor rod and the anchor cable has two structures of force applying machinery, namely equipment for applying force upwards at the lower end of a steel bar clamp holder, which comprises a jack; the other is equipment for applying force upwards on the upper end of the reinforcing steel bar clamp, and the equipment comprises but is not limited to jacks, hand wrenches, cranes, fenugreeds, gantry cranes, wheel turntables and the like, and electric, hydraulic, pneumatic mechanical and manual equipment.

And (3) installing an anchor rod body and anchor cable assembly of the enlarged head anchor rod:

1. all materials and accessories thereof are required to be stored and stacked neatly, moistureproof, antirust and fireproof; the processed anchor rod body assembly cannot be subjected to mechanical damage, medium erosion and pollution when being stored, transported and placed, and raw materials polluted by harmful substances cannot be used.

2. When a rod body isolation sleeve is arranged outside the rod body steel bar anchor cable according to design requirements, the sleeve is filled with anti-corrosion grease, and two ends of the sleeve are sealed; the sleeve must not be damaged during the machining and installation process. According to the standard requirement, the gap between the sleeve and the rod body is filled with anti-corrosion grease, and if necessary, double sleeve sealing protection can be adopted, which is detailed in a large picture. And a rod body positioner is arranged at intervals of 2m along the axial direction of the rod body, and the grouting pipe/guide pipe is firmly bound with the rod body.

The invention has the application range including but not limited to various pile types such as anti-floating, anti-pulling, tensile and compression resistance; the application fields include but are not limited to various categories of construction engineering, slope protection, geological disasters and the like.

The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An anchor cable reducing cage is characterized by comprising at least two ring-shaped retainers, axial sleeves, anchor cables and a release mechanism, wherein a plurality of anchor cables are arranged in the axial sleeve 1, the lower ends of the anchor cables are fixed on a bearing plate through anchoring devices, a first ring-shaped retainer is sleeved on the central axial sleeve and can slide, one end of a limiting device and one end of the release mechanism fix the first ring-shaped retainer and can slide under the action of the ring-shaped retainer release mechanism, a plurality of vertical ribs surround the central rod, a first group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively and movably connected with the upper ends of a plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the first ring-shaped retainer, and a second group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the second ring-shaped retainer; the limiting device is used for limiting the release of the reducing cage by a limiting rope or a limiting pin.

2. The cable rope reducer according to claim 1 wherein the release mechanism is a resilient means having two ends respectively secured to a moveable loop fastener and another fixed position secured to the main tendon cable; the elastic device is a power spring which is sleeved on the central rod and applies elastic force, or a spring piece, an elastic ring, an elastic ball, an elastic rod, a compression bag, an elastic rope or a spring of an outer hoop, wherein the spring piece, the elastic ring, the elastic ball, the elastic rod, the compression bag, the elastic rope or the spring of the outer hoop is used for sliding the first round fixer, and the elastic device can apply elastic force to enable the first round fixer to slide.

3. The anchor cable reducing cage as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the anchor pile has an upper end provided with an anchor head, and the anchor head comprises a steel strand locker and a steel backing plate covering a plurality of steel strands, and the steel strand locker is disposed above the steel backing plate.

4. The anchor cable reducer cage according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anchor head comprises a steel bar mesh, a prestressed high-strength threaded steel bar anchorage, a spiral bar and a steel sleeve, and the steel bar mesh is arranged above the prestressed steel strands at intervals; the spiral reinforcement is arranged at the junction of the prestressed threaded steel bar and the frame lattice beam, and the outer sleeve of the prestressed stranded wire below the spiral reinforcement is a steel sleeve.

5. The anchor cable reducer cage according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower end of the anchor cable is anchored by an axial sleeve, a steel strand, a reducer cage bearing plate tapping, an anchor, a limiting plate limiting screw, an extrusion anchor head, a limiting plate, and a bearing plate.

6. The anchor cable reducer according to claim 1 or 2 wherein a pressure plate is used to limit the position of the anchor cable, the pressure plate simultaneously serving to secure the bottom end of the steel strand to the anchor by a steel sleeve having a taper on the outer surface, and the pressure plate is provided with a plurality of holes having a diameter larger than the maximum outer diameter of the steel sleeve and smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the taper steel sleeve, thereby securing the end of the steel strand.

7. The anchor cable reducer cage of claim 5, wherein the outer sleeve has a uniformly distributed free-section stringing ring separating the strands of steel strand.

8. The anchor cable reducer according to claim 1 wherein the bearing plate and the retainer plate are formed as one bearing plate and the retainer plate is formed as one bearing plate and the bearing plate is formed as one pressing anchor head structure for fastening the bottom end of the anchor fixing steel strand by the steel sleeve having a taper on the outer surface, and the bearing plate is formed with a plurality of holes having a diameter larger than the maximum outer diameter of the taper steel sleeve so as to fix the one end of the steel cable.

9. An anchor rod or pile foundation prepared by the anchor cable reducing cage according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the anchor cable reducing cage, an anchor rod member, a fixing structure at the upper end of the anchor rod member and a steel bar connector; the anchor rod piece adopts bonded or unbonded finish rolling twisted steel, steel strands, a prestressed pull rod and fiber bars, and the steel bar connector is used for the length connection of the anchor rod piece; the top of the anchor rod piece is anchored with a building bottom plate, and the bottom of the anchor rod piece is locked and anchored with a reducing cage with a release device; the reducing cage with the releasing device, the anchor rod piece and the anchoring piece are combined with poured fiber concrete, super-fluid concrete, concrete or the like or cement mortar, fiber cement mortar, cement paste and fiber cement paste curing material crystals, so that an anchoring structure of the reducing cage with the releasing device is formed to expand the head anchor rod system; tensioning and locking by taking the bottom plate as a fulcrum for applying prestress or taking the anchor rod pile top as a fulcrum for applying prestress to form an anchoring structure prestress expansion head anchor rod system of the reducing cage with the release device; the anchor cable reducing cage with the release device can be sleeved with a bag or a shield.

10. A rock bolt or pile foundation according to claim 9 wherein the materials of the components include but are not limited to: carbon fiber, basalt fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber glass, glass fiber reinforced resin, geotextile, canvas, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, boron ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, graphene, carbon element related materials and composite materials thereof, macromolecules, high polymer materials, nano materials, steel, other metals, composite metals, metal materials, non-metal materials and the like, and the material can be elastic, flexible or rigid; the reducing cage release device and the cage, the anchor rod or the pile foundation and each part are characterized in that the shape of the reducing cage release device comprises or is not limited to a cylinder, a polygonal cylinder, a truncated cone, a trapezoidal cylinder, a sphere and a bamboo joint-shaped cylinder; the cross section plane figure is ellipse, sector, bow and ring; a polygon; three-dimensional shape: cubic, cuboid, cylinder, round table, prism, prismatic table, cone, pyramid, honeycomb, melon-net shape, lattice structure; the specification, model, shape, quantity, size and material can be adjusted according to different geological conditions of the project.

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