CN114016504A

CN114016504A - Expanding type enlarged footing pressure-bearing plate reducing cage and anchor rod or pile foundation

Info

Publication number: CN114016504A
Application number: CN202111563015.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武冬冬; 武海龙
Original assignee: Jiangsu Fulu Construction Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Fulu Construction Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-20
Filing date: 2021-12-20
Publication date: 2022-02-08

Abstract

A kind of expanding expanded head bearing plate reducing cage, including expanding expanded head bearing plate and cage skeleton, the concrete component is release mechanism, at least two circled fixers, several connecting ribs, several vertical ribs, center pole, bearing plate, expanding pole, axis pin; the lower end of the central rod is fixed with the pressure bearing plate, and the lower end of the central rod is provided with a ring-shaped fixer; the releasing mechanism is sleeved on the central rod and can slide, and one end of the releasing mechanism fixes a ring-shaped fixer and enables the ring-shaped fixer to slide under the action of acting force; the plurality of vertical ribs surround the central rod, the first group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively and movably connected with the upper ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and the joints on the circumference of the first ring-shaped fixer, and the second group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and the joints on the circumference of the second ring-shaped fixer; the group of expanding rods surrounds the central rod, the lower ends of the expanding rods are movably connected with the peripheral pin shafts of the pressure bearing plate, the expanding rods are contracted to surround the central rod, and the expanding rods and the central rod form an angle of 30-120 degrees.

Description

Expanding type enlarged footing pressure-bearing plate reducing cage and anchor rod or pile foundation

Technical Field

The invention relates to an expanding type reducing cage for a pressure-bearing plate of an expansion head and an anchor rod or a pile foundation, in particular to a structure comprising the expanding type reducing cage for the pressure-bearing plate of the expansion head and the anchor rod or the pile foundation.

Background

The anchor rod is a new complex formed by a rod body and the like which are positioned in a rock-soil body and the rock-soil body. The anchor rod in the complex is the key to solve the problem of low tensile capacity of the surrounding rock mass. Thereby greatly enhancing the bearing capacity of the rock-soil body. The anchor rod is the most basic component of roadway support in the modern underground mining mine, and the anchor rod ties the surrounding rocks of the roadway together to support the surrounding rocks. The anchor rod is not only used in mines, but also used in engineering technology for actively reinforcing basements, side slopes, tunnels, dams and the like to resist floating.

The existing anchor rod application has various technologies, an expanded head bearing plate is disclosed, the CN202120505704X expanded head bearing plate and the anchor rod are previous applications of the applicant, and compared with other types of bearing plates, the expanded head bearing plate has double-layer and multi-layer expanded head bearing plates, the consideration of frameworks or ribs is more, and the structure for opening or releasing the expanded head is more reasonable, but the distribution of latitudinal ribs needs to be further improved, the expanded head and the bearing plate need to have frameworks or ribs, a more reasonable cage opening structure is also needed, and the structure for releasing the expanded head is more reasonable.

The anchor rod is used as a tension member penetrating into the stratum, one end of the anchor rod is connected with an engineering structure, the other end (bottom end or far end) penetrates into the stratum, the whole anchor rod is divided into a free section and an anchoring section, the free section is an area for transmitting the tension at the head of the anchor rod to an anchoring body, and the function of the free section is to apply prestress on the anchor rod; the anchoring section is an area where the prestressed tendons and the soil layer are bonded by cement paste, and has the functions of increasing the bonding friction effect of the anchoring body and the soil layer, increasing the bearing effect of the anchoring body and transmitting the pulling force of the free section to the deep part of the soil body. The anchoring section of the other end (bottom end or far end) of the anchor rod penetrating into the stratum refers to an area where the prestressed tendon and the soil layer are bonded by cement paste, the anchoring section has the functions of increasing the bonding friction effect of the anchoring body and the soil layer, increasing the bearing effect of the anchoring body and transmitting the tension of the free section to the deep part of the soil body. The need for an enlarged head constructed with a reducer reinforcement cage such as CN201811394388.2 greatly increases the anchoring force of the anchor rod.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an anchoring structure of an expanded expansion head pressure-bearing plate with a reinforcement cage (or fiber cage) framework and an anchor rod, and the anchoring structure also comprises various structures of the expanded expansion head pressure-bearing plate, and particularly has various designs of a releasing or opening structure of the expanded expansion head with the reinforcement cage (or fiber cage) framework. The anchoring structure and the anchor rod have better effect, and overcome the defect that the tensile capacity of the rock-soil body is far lower than the compressive capacity. The anchoring section of the other end (bottom end or far end) of the anchor rod penetrating into the stratum refers to an area where the prestressed tendons and the soil layer are bonded by cement paste, and the tensile action of the anchoring body is increased.

The invention has the technical scheme that the anchoring structure of the bearing plate (additionally) variable diameter cage of the expanded anchor head anchor rod comprises an expanded anchor head bearing plate and a cage (an expanded anchor head concrete framework); the method specifically comprises the following steps: the releasing mechanism comprises a power spring 15, at least two ring-shaped retainers (ring-shaped retainers 5), a connecting rib, a vertical rib 2, a central rod (loop bar) 14, a bearing plate 4, a spreading rod 1 and a pin shaft; a bearing plate 4 at the lower end of a central rod (loop bar) 14 is fixed, a ring-shaped fixer 5 is sleeved on the central rod (loop bar) 14 and can slide, one end of a releasing mechanism (such as a power spring) fixes the ring-shaped fixer 5 and enables the ring-shaped fixer 5 to slide under the action of the acting force of the releasing mechanism, a plurality of vertical ribs surround the central rod, a first group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively and movably connected with the upper ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints at the circumference of the first ring-shaped fixer, and a second group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints at the circumference of the second ring-shaped fixer; the group of expansion rods 1 surround the central rod, the lower ends of the expansion rods are movably connected with pin shafts arranged around the pressure bearing plate 4, and the expansion rods 1 are contracted to approach to surround the central rod or are expanded to form an angle of 30-120 degrees with the central rod; the upper end of the expansion rod is a free end or is respectively and movably hinged with the lower ends of the corresponding vertical ribs; an ejection device is arranged between the expansion rod 1 and the surrounding central rod. The expansion board and the expansion rod have the same meaning.

The reducing cage is mainly composed of a ring-shaped fixer 5, a connecting rib, a vertical rib 2 and the like; the expanding rod 1 and the pin shaft are extended; the pressure bearing plate 4 at the lower end of the central rod (loop rod) 14 is an expanding type expansion head pressure bearing plate, and the expanding type expansion head pressure bearing plate are combined to form a firmer framework of an expansion head cage, and the structure is compact; when the expansion head cage contracts, the lower end of the vertical rib can press the expansion rod 1, and after the reducing cage is opened by the release device, the expansion rod 1 and the surrounding central rod are provided with the springing-out device to open the expansion rod.

The second structure of the invention is an anchoring structure of a bearing plate (added) reducing cage of an expanded joint anchor rod, which comprises an expanded joint bearing plate (expanded joint concrete framework) and an anchor rod; the device comprises a releasing mechanism such as a power spring 15, at least one ring-shaped fixer (ring-shaped fixer 5), a connecting rib, a vertical rib 2, a central rod (loop bar) 14, a pressure bearing plate 4, a spreading rod 1 and a pin shaft; the lower end of a central rod (loop bar) 14 is fixed by a bearing plate 4, a ring-shaped fixer 5 can slide in the central rod (loop bar) 14, one end of a releasing mechanism (power spring) fixes the ring-shaped fixer 5 and enables the ring-shaped fixer 5 to slide under the action of the acting force of the releasing mechanism of the ring-shaped fixer, a plurality of vertical ribs surround the central rod, and a group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively and movably connected with the upper ends of the vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the ring-shaped fixer; the group of expansion rods 1 surround the central rod, the lower ends of the expansion rods are movably connected with pin shafts arranged around the pressure bearing plate 4, and the expansion rods 1 are contracted to approach to surround the central rod or are expanded to form an angle of 30-120 degrees with the central rod; the upper end of the expansion rod is movably hinged with the lower ends of the corresponding vertical ribs.

The expansion plate (expansion rod) is hinged with the lower end of the vertical rib, which means that the pin shaft is movably connected; the lower end of the vertical rib 2 is connected with the upper end of the expansion rod through a movable pin shaft;

after the reducing cage is opened by the reducing cage releasing device, the pressure bearing plate 4 can movably fix the contraction and the opening of the expansion rod through a circle of pin shaft to play a role of a ring-shaped fixer.

The central rod (loop rod) 14 may be welded or screwed into the central hole (screw hole) of the pressure bearing plate 4.

A flexible rotating expansion plate (expansion rod) is arranged between the vertical bar 2 and the bearing plate 4.

The number of the expansion rods 1 is the same as that of the connecting ribs, the vertical ribs form the warps of the reducing cage, the connecting ribs form the middle wefts, the hoop ribs or the nets on the periphery can be arranged to form the peripheral wefts, and the net cage 8 and the net sheets 9 are also used for strengthening the wefts; the structure of the bag can be further arranged to increase the overall firmness of the expansion head.

The vertical rib parts and the adjustable ribs 3 which form the reducing cage are steel bars or fiber ribs (glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers and basalt fibers are all available fibers).

The release device and the whole reducing cage are better restrained by the restraining sleeve and the safety pin connected with the restraining sleeve, and the restraining sleeve can restrain the linkage rod or the vertical rib in other modes such as a thin rope. The restraint sleeve or the string encloses the expansion plate (expansion rod) or the vertical rib. A restraining sleeve and a safety pin connected with the restraining sleeve for opening (the restraining sleeve or the string after being opened) or connecting the restraining sleeve are arranged.

In the embodiment of the second scheme of the invention, a second ring-shaped fixer can still be arranged, a second group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of a plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the second ring-shaped fixer, the plurality of vertical ribs are warp threads, but only one slidable ring-shaped fixer is completely feasible.

The expanded head pressure-bearing plate has more functions, has a pressure-bearing function, and has a structure that the pressure-bearing plate 4 is connected with the expansion rod 1 through a pin shaft. The reducing cage is opened by adopting a power spring to provide power when being compressed (extended); the working process of the invention is as follows, when the safety pin is not released, the restraint sleeve is used for restraining the linkage rod or the lower linkage rod, the power spring 15 is kept in a power supply state (typically compressed, or extended; after the power spring is compressed, the restraint sleeve is used for restraining the linkage rod or the lower linkage rod), the safety pin is a controlled rod (comprising an electric control device and the like), and when the safety pin is opened, the restraint sleeve is released, and the restraint sleeve cannot be used for restraining the linkage rod or the lower linkage rod. Under the action of elastic force of the power spring, the ring-shaped fixer 5 moves downwards, the movable pin shaft also moves downwards, the lower linkage rod is driven to move, the connecting ribs and the expanding rod 1 can rotate around the pin shaft, the vertical ribs 2 and the expanding rod 1 are opened outwards when the part of the movable pin shaft rotates around the pin shaft, if the expanding rod is opened to a horizontal position (forming an angle of 90 degrees with the central rod), the expanding rod becomes an expanding bearing plate, and the expanding rod also plays a role in expanding the head concrete framework when being opened to any angle.

The expanded pressure bearing plate for the expansion head is only a structure that the pressure bearing plate 4 is connected with the expanded rod through a pin shaft. The limiting plate particularly limits the power spring through the upper end of the power spring 15, and the power spring provides power when compressed.

The expanded expansion head (bearing plate) reducing cage anchor rod is prepared into a bearing plate anchoring structure, namely an anchor rod, and has wide application in foundations.

The release mechanism of the variable-diameter reinforcement cage has the following options: the telescopic support rod or the grouting pipe is directly fixed at the fixed position of a movable ring-shaped fixer; the telescopic stay bar or the grouting pipe drives the ring-shaped fixer to slide on the main reinforcement to open the fiber cage or the reinforcement cage;

or the releasing mechanism is that two ends of the elastic device are respectively fixed on the first ring-shaped fixer and the second ring-shaped fixer, the elastic device can be shared, and the main rib of the telescopic stay bar is arranged in the telescopic stay bar or arranged outside the telescopic stay bar;

the release mechanism is in a mode of rotating to open the fiber cage, as shown in figure 2: the upper end and the lower end of the inner sleeve are respectively sleeved with a vertical rib limiting disc 12, a plurality of vertical rib limiting holes are circumferentially formed in the outer edge of the vertical rib limiting disc, the upper end of a vertical rib of the reinforcement cage is inserted into the vertical rib limiting hole of the vertical rib limiting disc at the upper end, and the lower end of the vertical rib of the reinforcement cage is inserted into the vertical rib limiting hole of the vertical rib limiting disc at the lower end; the two pressure rotating disks 11 are both positioned between the two vertical rib limiting disks and are sleeved on the inner sleeve at intervals; the outer edge of the vertical rib limiting disc positioned at the upper end is hinged with a plurality of rotary pushing supports, the outer edge of the vertical rib limiting disc positioned at the lower end is hinged with a plurality of rotary pushing supports, and each rotary pushing support is connected with the vertical rib of the reinforcement cage through a U-shaped buckle or any mode; an upper transverse pressing and pushing rod piece is arranged in the vertical rib limiting disc at the upper end, a lower transverse pressing and pushing rod piece is arranged in the vertical rib limiting disc at the lower end, the grouting pipe extends along the vertical direction, and the upper transverse pressing and pushing rod piece and the lower transverse pressing and pushing rod piece are simultaneously connected with the grouting pipe;

or the releasing mechanism adopts an external hydraulic or pneumatic fiber cage opening mode: the bottom of the grouting pipe is provided with a telescopic grouting head, and when grouting liquid in the grouting pipe or inflation is carried out, the grouting head can extend to push the activating mechanism to unfold the fiber cage.

Or the releasing mechanism is that the central pipes at the upper end and the lower end are sleeved with spiral springs (the diameter of the springs in a free state is far larger than that of the central pipes), the upper end and the lower end of each spring are respectively fixed on the vertical rib limiting disc and the pressure rotating disc, the diameter of each spring is contracted and tightly attached to the central rod when the expandable expansion head bearing plate reducing cage is in a contracted state, and the large-diameter state before the restraint of the spring is restored after the limiting pin 16 is pulled out is relieved, so that the vertical ribs which drive the pressure rotating disc to rotate to the expandable expansion head bearing plate reducing cage are completely expanded;

or the releasing mechanism comprises a rotary, tension spring, an elastic rope, a vacuum tension rod, a pull rope, a (hydraulic pull rod) pull rod, a spring piece, an elastic ring, an elastic ball, an elastic rod, a compression bag, a hydraulic jack (rod), an elastic telescopic support rod of a pneumatic jack (rod) counterweight, and a movable ring-shaped fixer and another fixed position fixed with the main rib, wherein the two ends of the elastic device are respectively fixed at one end of the two ends.

The expanding type expansion head bearing plate reducing cage is formed by combining an expanding type expansion head bearing plate and a reducing cage, and particularly, the expanding rod is connected through a pin shaft, so that the bearing effect of the bearing plate is better. The upper end of the central rod (loop rod) 14 is provided with a limiting plate, the upper end of the power spring is used for limiting the power spring, and the power spring provides power when compressed.

The anchoring structure forms an enlarged footing anchor rod and is characterized by further comprising an anchor rod piece, a fixing structure at the upper end of the anchor rod piece and a steel bar connector; the anchor rod piece adopts bonded or unbonded finish rolling twisted steel, a steel strand and a prestressed pull rod, and the steel bar connector is used for the length connection of the anchor rod piece; the top of the anchor rod piece is anchored with the bottom plate of the building, and the bottom of the anchor rod piece is locked and anchored with the expandable bearing plate; the bearing plate, the anchor rod piece and the anchoring piece of the expanding type enlarged head anchor rod are combined with poured fiber concrete, super-fluid concrete, concrete and the like or cement mortar, fiber cement mortar, cement paste, fiber cement paste or other crystals capable of being solidified materials, so that an expanding bearing plate type enlarged head anchor rod system is formed; the shape of the cylinder comprises a cylinder, a polygonal (circular internal tangent) cylinder, a truncated cone, a cone (including a cone and a polygonal cone), a trapezoidal cylinder, a sphere and a bamboo joint-shaped cylinder; the cross-sectional plane pattern may be circular (elliptical), fan-shaped, arcuate, circular, etc. Polygons (including triangles, trapezoids, parallelograms, rhombuses, rectangles, squares, rays, pentagons, hexagons), and the like; the solid shape can also be varied: cubes, cuboids, cylinders, truncated cones, prisms, prismatic tables, cones, pyramids, and the like.

Has the advantages that: the invention provides an expanding bearing plate and an expanding head reducing cage anchor rod, which also comprises structures of an expanding bearing plate and a reducing cage. The expanding bearing plate and the reducing cage structure form the necessary skeleton of the reducing cage anchor rod, greatly enhances the application function of the anchor rod or pile foundation, has complete and reliable releasing or expanding head opening mode, has simple structure, provides a hard skeleton (the material of the linkage rod and the expanding rod is mainly steel, the reducing cage adopts a steel bar cage or other fiber cage semi-rigid materials), has low cost, small use effect, convenient and easy construction operation, and can easily control the locking and releasing by adopting a safety pin device in the releasing structure.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view of a rotatable reducing cage with an expansion bearing plate of the present invention in a contracted state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 1-1 is a view of a rotatable reducing cage (FIG. 1) with an expanding bearing plate in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rotatable variable diameter fiber cage in an unfolded state according to the present invention;

FIG. 2-1 is a schematic structural view of the rotatable variable diameter fiber cage of FIG. 2 in a contracted state according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a rotatable reducing cage with expansion bearing plates having a plurality of hooping in an expanded state, the expansion plates being hinged to vertical ribs;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a rotatable reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate and spiral stirrups on the periphery in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a rotatable reducing cage with a mesh cage and an expanding bearing plate in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a rotatable reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate and a plurality of circles of chain type stirrups arranged on the periphery of the cage in an expanding state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a rotatable reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate and a chain type spiral stirrup on the periphery in an expanding state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a rotatable reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate having a plurality of circles of chain stirrups on the periphery in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a rotatable reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate having a chain-type spiral stirrup at the periphery in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib; wherein, fig. 7-9 are the structures of the expanding bearing plate and the vertical reinforcement cage of the invention, and are respectively provided with stirrups formed by chains, the stirrups of fig. 8 can be independently wound by a plurality of circles by the chains with small pitch, and fig. 7 and 9 are respectively the continuous spiral winding of the chains with large pitch and the chains with small pitch.

FIG. 10 shows the structure of the expandable bearing plate with vertical ribs and the discontinuous weft reinforcement cage of the present invention; the vertical ribs are distributed with discontinuous stirrups, the structural schematic diagram of the rotatable reducing cage with the expansion bearing plate is in an expansion state, and the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical ribs;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type rotatable reducing cage with an expansion bearing plate and a plurality of hooping on the periphery in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type rotatable reducing cage with an expansion bearing plate and spiral stirrups at the periphery, in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type rotatable reducing cage with an expandable pressure bearing plate and a mesh cage on the periphery in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type rotatable reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate and a multi-ring chain type hoop at the periphery in an expanding state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type rotatable reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate and a chain-type spiral stirrup on the periphery in an expanding state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type rotatable reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate and a plurality of circles of chain type stirrups arranged on the periphery, in an expanding state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type rotatable reducing cage with an expansion bearing plate and a chain-type spiral stirrup on the periphery in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type rotatable reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate, in an expanded state, in which intermittent stirrups are distributed on vertical ribs, and the expanding plate is hinged to the vertical ribs;

wherein fig. 11, fig. 12, fig. 13 and fig. 14 respectively correspond to the structures of the bearing plate and the ribbing cage of the outer wrapping bag of fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6.

Wherein fig. 15, 16, 17 and 18 correspond to the structures of the bearing plate and the ribbing cage of the outer wrapping bag of fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively.

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of a stirrup interrupted type diameter-changing cage with an expansion type pressure-bearing plate in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

fig. 20 and 21 are schematic structural views of the stirrup intermittent type reducing cage with the expansion type bearing plate in an expansion state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical ribs;

FIG. 22 is a schematic structural view of a hoop reinforcement intermittent type diameter-changing cage with an expansion type bearing plate and a net cage on the periphery in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 23 is a schematic structural view of a hoop reinforcement interrupted diameter-changing cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate and a mesh cage and a mesh sheet on the periphery in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 24 is a schematic structural view of a stirrup intermittent type diameter-changing cage with an expansion type pressure-bearing plate and multiple layers of meshes in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 25 is a schematic structural view of a hoop reinforcement interrupted bag type reducing cage with an expanding pressure bearing plate in an expanding state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 26 is a schematic structural view of a hoop reinforcement interrupted bag type reducing cage with an expanding pressure bearing plate and a mesh cage on the periphery in an expanding state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 27 is a schematic structural view of a hoop reinforcement interrupted bag type reducing cage with an expanding pressure bearing plate and a mesh cage and a mesh sheet on the periphery in an expanding state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 28 is a schematic structural view of a hoop interrupted bladder type reducer cage with an expandable pressure plate with multiple layers of meshes in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 29 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate having a chain-type spiral stirrup at the periphery thereof in a contracted state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 30 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expandable bearing plate and a chain-type spiral stirrup on the periphery, in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 31 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate having a plurality of rings of chain stirrups on the periphery in a contracted state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 32 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expandable bearing plate having a plurality of rings of chain-type stirrups at the periphery, in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 33 is a structural view of a reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate having a plurality of hoops on the periphery in a contracted state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 33-1 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with a plurality of hoops around the reducing cage in a contracted state and an expansion bearing plate hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power is vertical air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rods on two sides;

fig. 33-2 is a schematic structural view of the reducing cage with the expansion bearing plate having a plurality of hooping on the periphery in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical rib. The opening power is an oblique air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rod at two sides;

fig. 33-3 is a schematic structural view of the reducing cage with the expansion bearing plate having a plurality of hooping on the periphery in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical rib. The opening power is a pressure spring sleeved on the central rod, and the pressure spring is unfolded to push the flower piece after constraint is removed, so that the vertical ribs of the reinforcement cage are unfolded;

fig. 33-4 is a schematic structural view of the reducing cage with the expansion bearing plate having a plurality of hooping on the periphery in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical rib. The opening power of the steel bar cage is compression springs on two sides of the central rod, and after constraint is relieved, the compression springs are unfolded to push the pattern piece so as to unfold the vertical ribs of the steel bar cage;

fig. 33-5 is a schematic structural view of the reducing cage with the expansion bearing plate having a plurality of hooping on the periphery in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical rib. The opening power of the expansion plate is the tension springs on two sides of the expansion plate, and after the constraint is relieved, the tension springs are contracted to the original length so as to pull the vertical bars of the reinforcement cage to expand the reinforcement cage;

FIG. 34 is a structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate having a plurality of hooping on the periphery, in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 35 is a schematic structural view of a cage-in-cage contracted state of a variable diameter cage with an expanded bearing plate, in which inner and outer ring vertical ribs are provided with multi-ring chain type stirrups, and an expansion plate is hinged with the vertical ribs;

FIG. 36 is a schematic structural view of a middle cage of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate, wherein the inner and outer vertical ribs are provided with multi-ring chain stirrups, and the expanding plate is hinged with the vertical ribs;

FIG. 36-1 is a schematic view of a contracted state of a diameter-variable cage with a plurality of hoops around the periphery and an expanding bearing plate hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power is vertical air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rods on two sides;

FIG. 36-2 is a schematic view of a contracted state of a diameter-variable cage with a plurality of hoops around the periphery and an expanding bearing plate hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power is an oblique air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rod at two sides;

FIG. 36-3 is a schematic view of a contracted state of a diameter-variable cage with a plurality of hoops around the periphery and an expanding bearing plate hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power is a pressure spring sleeved on the central rod, and the pressure spring is unfolded to push the flower piece after constraint is removed, so that the vertical ribs of the reinforcement cage are unfolded;

fig. 36-4 is a schematic structural view of the reducing cage with the expansion bearing plate having a plurality of hoops on the periphery in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical ribs. The opening power of the steel bar cage is compression springs on two sides of the central rod, and after constraint is relieved, the compression springs are unfolded to push the pattern piece so as to unfold the vertical ribs of the steel bar cage;

fig. 36-5 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with a expanding bearing plate having a plurality of hoops on the periphery in a contracted state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib. The opening power of the expansion plate is the tension springs on two sides of the expansion plate, and after the constraint is relieved, the tension springs are contracted to the original length so as to pull the vertical bars of the reinforcement cage to expand the reinforcement cage;

FIG. 36-1-1 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate having a plurality of hoops around the periphery thereof in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power is vertical air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rods on two sides;

FIG. 36-2-1 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate having a plurality of hoops around the periphery thereof in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power is an oblique air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rod at two sides;

FIG. 36-3-1 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate having a plurality of hoops around the periphery thereof in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power is a pressure spring sleeved on the central rod, and the pressure spring is unfolded to push the flower piece after constraint is removed, so that the vertical ribs of the reinforcement cage are unfolded;

FIG. 36-4-1 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate having a plurality of hoops around the periphery thereof in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power of the steel bar cage is compression springs on two sides of the central rod, and after constraint is relieved, the compression springs are unfolded to push the pattern piece so as to unfold the vertical ribs of the steel bar cage;

FIG. 36-5-1 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate having a plurality of hoops around the periphery thereof in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power of the expansion plate is the tension springs on two sides of the expansion plate, and after the constraint is relieved, the tension springs are contracted to the original length so as to pull the vertical bars of the reinforcement cage to expand the reinforcement cage;

FIG. 37 is a view showing a structure of a contracting cage with expanding pressure-bearing plates around the periphery of a chain-type spiral stirrup, wherein the expanding plate is hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 38 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with extended pressure-bearing plates having chain-type spiral stirrups at the periphery, in an extended state, the extended plates being hinged to vertical ribs;

FIG. 39 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate having a plurality of circles of chain stirrups on the periphery in a contracted state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 40 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expandable bearing plate and a plurality of circles of chain stirrups on the periphery, in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 41 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with an expandable bearing plate in a contracted state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 42 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expandable bearing plate in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 43 is a schematic structural view of a cage-in-cage contraction state of a variable diameter cage with an expansion bearing plate, in which both inner and outer vertical ribs have a plurality of hoops, and an expansion plate is hinged to the vertical ribs;

FIG. 44 is a schematic structural view of a middle cage of a diameter-variable cage with an expandable pressure-bearing plate, wherein the inner and outer vertical ribs have a plurality of hoops, and the expansion plate is hinged to the vertical ribs;

FIG. 44-1 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with a helical stirrup and an expanding pressure-bearing plate in a contracted state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power is vertical air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rods on two sides;

FIG. 44-2 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with a helical stirrup and an expanding pressure-bearing plate in a contracted state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power is an oblique air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rod at two sides;

FIG. 44-3 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with a helical stirrup and an expanding pressure-bearing plate in a contracted state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power is a pressure spring sleeved on the central rod, and the pressure spring is unfolded to push the flower piece after constraint is removed, so that the vertical ribs of the reinforcement cage are unfolded;

FIG. 44-4 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with a helical stirrup and an expanding pressure-bearing plate in a contracted state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power of the steel bar cage is compression springs on two sides of the central rod, and after constraint is relieved, the compression springs are unfolded to push the pattern piece so as to unfold the vertical ribs of the steel bar cage;

fig. 44-5 is a schematic structural view of the reducing cage with the expansion bearing plate and the spiral stirrups in a contraction state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical ribs. The opening power of the expansion plate is the tension springs on two sides of the expansion plate, and after the constraint is relieved, the tension springs are contracted to the original length so as to pull the vertical bars of the reinforcement cage to expand the reinforcement cage;

fig. 44-1-1 is a schematic structural view of the diameter-variable cage with the expansion-type pressure-bearing plate and the spiral stirrups in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical ribs. The opening power is vertical air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rods on two sides;

FIG. 44-2-1 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate and spiral stirrups in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power is an oblique air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rod at two sides;

FIG. 44-3-1 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate and spiral stirrups in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power is a pressure spring sleeved on the central rod, and the pressure spring is unfolded to push the flower piece after constraint is removed, so that the vertical ribs of the reinforcement cage are unfolded;

FIG. 44-4-1 is a schematic structural view of the diameter-variable cage with the expanded pressure-bearing plate and the spiral stirrups in the expanded state, wherein the expanded plate is hinged to the vertical ribs. The opening power of the steel bar cage is compression springs on two sides of the central rod, and after constraint is relieved, the compression springs are unfolded to push the pattern piece so as to unfold the vertical ribs of the steel bar cage;

FIG. 44-5-1 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate and spiral stirrups in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power of the expansion plate is the tension springs on two sides of the expansion plate, and after the constraint is relieved, the tension springs are contracted to the original length so as to pull the vertical bars of the reinforcement cage to expand the reinforcement cage;

fig. 45 and 49 are schematic structural views of a bag type reducing cage with expansion type pressure bearing plates and chain (strip) type spiral stirrups at the periphery in a contraction state, and the expansion plates are hinged with vertical ribs;

fig. 46 and 50 are schematic structural views of a bag-type reducing cage with an expansion bearing plate and a plurality of circles of chain (strip) type stirrups at the periphery in a contraction state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 47 is a schematic structural view of a bag type diameter-variable cage with an expansion bearing plate and a plurality of hooping on the periphery in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

fig. 48 and 52 are schematic structural diagrams of the bag-type reducing cage with expansion bearing plates, wherein the inner and outer rings of vertical ribs are provided with a plurality of circles (chains) of stirrups, and the expansion plates are hinged with the vertical ribs;

FIG. 51 is a schematic structural view of a bag type reducing cage with an expansion bearing plate in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 53 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with multiple layers of meshes and an expansion bearing plate in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 54 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with multiple layers of meshes and an expanded bearing plate in an expanded state, wherein the expanded plate is hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 55 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with expansion type bearing plates, wherein the periphery of the reducing cage is provided with a net cage and a net piece, the reducing cage is contracted, and the expansion plates are hinged with vertical ribs;

FIG. 56 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with expansion-type bearing plates, which is provided with a mesh cage and a mesh sheet at the periphery, in an expanded state, and the expansion plates are hinged with vertical ribs;

FIG. 57 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with an expandable bearing plate and a mesh cage at the periphery in a contracted state, wherein an expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

fig. 56-1 is a schematic structural view of a mesh reducer cage with an expansion bearing plate in a contracted state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power is vertical air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rods on two sides;

fig. 56-2 is a schematic structural view of the mesh reducer cage with the expanded bearing plate in a contracted state, the expanded plate being hinged to the vertical ribs. The opening power is an oblique air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rod at two sides;

fig. 56-3 is a schematic structural view of the mesh reducer cage with an expansion bearing plate in a contracted state, the expansion plate being hinged to the vertical ribs. The opening power is a pressure spring sleeved on the central rod, and the pressure spring is unfolded to push the flower piece after constraint is removed, so that the vertical ribs of the reinforcement cage are unfolded;

fig. 56-4 is a schematic structural view of the mesh reducer cage with an expansion bearing plate in a contracted state, the expansion plate being hinged to the vertical ribs. The opening power of the steel bar cage is compression springs on two sides of the central rod, and after constraint is relieved, the compression springs are unfolded to push the pattern piece so as to unfold the vertical ribs of the steel bar cage;

fig. 56-5 are schematic structural views of the mesh reducer cage with the expansion bearing plates in a contracted state, the expansion plates being hinged to the vertical ribs. The opening power of the expansion plate is the tension springs on two sides of the expansion plate, and after the constraint is relieved, the tension springs are contracted to the original length so as to pull the vertical bars of the reinforcement cage to expand the reinforcement cage;

fig. 56-1-1 is a schematic structural view of a mesh piece reducer cage with an expansion bearing plate in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power is vertical air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rods on two sides;

fig. 56-2-1 is a schematic structural view of a mesh piece reducer cage with an expansion bearing plate in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power is an oblique air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rod at two sides;

FIG. 56-3-1 is a schematic structural view of a mesh reducer cage with an expansion bearing plate in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power is a pressure spring sleeved on the central rod, and the pressure spring is unfolded to push the flower piece after constraint is removed, so that the vertical ribs of the reinforcement cage are unfolded;

fig. 56-4-1 is a schematic structural view of a mesh piece reducer cage with an expansion bearing plate in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power of the steel bar cage is compression springs on two sides of the central rod, and after constraint is relieved, the compression springs are unfolded to push the pattern piece so as to unfold the vertical ribs of the steel bar cage;

FIG. 56-5-1 is a schematic structural view of a mesh reducer cage with an expanded bearing plate in an expanded state, the expanded plate being hinged to vertical ribs. The opening power of the expansion plate is the tension springs on two sides of the expansion plate, and after the constraint is relieved, the tension springs are contracted to the original length so as to pull the vertical bars of the reinforcement cage to expand the reinforcement cage;

FIG. 58 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expandable bearing plate and a mesh cage at the periphery in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 59 is a schematic structural view of a variable diameter cage with expanded bearing plates, wherein the inner and outer rings of vertical ribs are provided with net cages, the middle cage is in a contracted state, and the expanded plates are hinged with the vertical ribs;

FIG. 60 is a schematic structural view of a middle cage of a variable diameter cage with expanded pressure plates, wherein the inner and outer rings of vertical ribs are provided with mesh cages, and the expanded plates are hinged with the vertical ribs;

fig. 60-1 is a schematic structural view of the expanded cage with an expanded bearing plate in a contracted state, the expanded plate being hinged to a vertical rib. The opening power is vertical air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rods on two sides;

fig. 60-2 is a schematic structural view of the expanded diameter-variable cage with the expanded bearing plate in a contracted state, wherein the expanded plate is hinged with the vertical ribs. The opening power is an oblique air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rod at two sides;

fig. 60-3 is a schematic structural view of the expanded cage with an expanded bearing plate in a contracted state, the expanded plate being hinged to the vertical ribs. The opening power is a pressure spring sleeved on the central rod, and the pressure spring is unfolded to push the flower piece after constraint is removed, so that the vertical ribs of the reinforcement cage are unfolded;

fig. 60-4 is a schematic structural view of the expanded cage with an expanded bearing plate in a contracted state, the expanded plate being hinged to the vertical ribs. The opening power of the steel bar cage is compression springs on two sides of the central rod, and after constraint is relieved, the compression springs are unfolded to push the pattern piece so as to unfold the vertical ribs of the steel bar cage;

fig. 60-5 are schematic structural views of the expanded cage with the expansion bearing plate in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical ribs. The opening power of the expansion plate is the tension springs on two sides of the expansion plate, and after the constraint is relieved, the tension springs are contracted to the original length so as to pull the vertical bars of the reinforcement cage to expand the reinforcement cage;

fig. 60-1-1 is a schematic structural view of the expanded cylinder mould reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib. The opening power is vertical air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rods on two sides;

fig. 60-2-1 is a schematic structural view of the expanded cylinder mould reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib. The opening power is an oblique air pressure (or hydraulic) pull rod at two sides;

fig. 60-3-1 is a schematic structural view of the expanded cylinder mould reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib. The opening power is a pressure spring sleeved on the central rod, and the pressure spring is unfolded to push the flower piece after constraint is removed, so that the vertical ribs of the reinforcement cage are unfolded;

fig. 60-4-1 is a schematic structural view of the expanded cylinder mould reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib. The opening power of the steel bar cage is compression springs on two sides of the central rod, and after constraint is relieved, the compression springs are unfolded to push the pattern piece so as to unfold the vertical ribs of the steel bar cage;

fig. 60-5-1 is a schematic structural view of the expanded cylinder mould reducing cage with an expanding bearing plate in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib. The opening power of the expansion plate is the tension springs on two sides of the expansion plate, and after the constraint is relieved, the tension springs are contracted to the original length so as to pull the vertical bars of the reinforcement cage to expand the reinforcement cage;

FIG. 61 is a schematic structural view of a bag type diameter-changing cage with multiple layers of meshes and an expanding pressure-bearing plate in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 62 is a schematic structural view of a bag type reducing cage with an expanding pressure bearing plate and a mesh cage and a mesh sheet on the periphery in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 63 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type reducing cage with an expandable pressure plate and a mesh cage at the periphery in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate is hinged with a vertical rib;

FIG. 64 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type diameter-variable cage with expansion-type pressure-bearing plates, wherein the inner and outer rings of vertical ribs are provided with net cages, the expansion plates are hinged with the vertical ribs in an expansion state;

FIG. 65 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expandable pressure-bearing plate with multiple layers of meshes and (helical) stirrups in a contracted state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 66 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expandable pressure-bearing plate with multiple layers of meshes and (spiral) stirrups in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 67 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate having a cage plus mesh and (helical) stirrups on the periphery, in a contracted state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 68 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with expandable bearing plates, which is provided with a mesh cage, a mesh sheet and (spiral) stirrups on the periphery, in an expanded state, the expansion plates being hinged to vertical ribs;

FIG. 69 is a schematic structural view of a reducing cage with an expandable pressure plate and a mesh cage and (spiral) stirrups on the periphery in a contracted state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 70 is a schematic structural view of a diameter-variable cage with an expandable pressure-bearing plate, which is provided with a mesh cage and (spiral) stirrups at the periphery, in an expanded state, the expansion plate being hinged to vertical ribs;

FIG. 71 is a schematic structural view of a variable diameter cage with expansion bearing plates, wherein the inner and outer ring vertical ribs are provided with mesh cages and (spiral) stirrups, the cage in the variable diameter cage is in a contracted state, and the expansion plates are hinged with the vertical ribs;

FIG. 72 is a schematic structural view of a middle cage of a diameter-variable cage with an expansion bearing plate, wherein the inner and outer rings of vertical ribs are provided with mesh cages and (spiral) stirrups, and the expansion plate is hinged with the vertical ribs;

FIG. 73 is a schematic structural view of a bag type diameter-changing cage with an expanding pressure-bearing plate and multiple layers of meshes and (spiral) stirrups in an expanded state, the expanding plate being hinged to a vertical rib;

FIG. 74 is a schematic structural view of a bag type diameter-variable cage with expansion pressure-bearing plates and expansion plates hinged to vertical ribs, wherein the periphery of the bag type diameter-variable cage is provided with a net cage, a net sheet and (spiral) stirrups;

FIG. 75 is a schematic structural view of a bag type variable diameter cage with expansion pressure bearing plates and (spiral) stirrups around the periphery, in an expanded state, the expansion plates being hinged to vertical ribs;

FIG. 76 is a schematic structural view of a bag-type diameter-variable cage with expansion-type pressure-bearing plates, wherein the inner and outer rings of vertical ribs are provided with mesh cages and (spiral) stirrups, and the expansion plates are hinged to the vertical ribs;

fig. 77 and 82 are schematic structural views of the reducing cage with the multi-petal expanding bearing plate in a contraction state, wherein the expanding plate and the vertical ribs can be hinged or not connected;

fig. 78 and 83 are schematic structural views of the reducing cage with the multi-petal expanding bearing plate and the spiral stirrups at the periphery in the unfolding state, and the expanding plate and the vertical ribs can be hinged or not connected;

fig. 79 and 84 are schematic structural views of the reducing cage with the multi-petal expanding pressure bearing plate and a plurality of layers of stirrups at the periphery in the unfolding state, and the expanding plate and the vertical ribs can be hinged or not connected;

fig. 80 and 85 are schematic structural views of the stirrup intermittent type reducing cage with the multi-petal expansion bearing plate in an unfolded state, wherein the expansion plate and the vertical ribs can be hinged or not connected;

fig. 81 and 86 are schematic structural views of a reducing cage with a multi-petal expanding pressure bearing plate and a mesh (or with spiral stirrups) arranged on the periphery in an unfolding state, wherein the expanding plate and the vertical ribs can be hinged or not connected;

fig. 87 and 89 are schematic structural diagrams of the bag-type reducing cage with the multi-petal expansion bearing plate in an unfolding state, and the steel reinforcement cage can be provided with stirrups, net cages or meshes. The expansion plate and the vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

fig. 88 and 90 are structural schematic diagrams of the bag-type stirrup intermittent reducing cage with the multi-petal expansion bearing plate in an unfolding state, wherein the reinforcement cage can be provided with stirrups, net cages or meshes. The expansion plate and the vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 91 is a schematic structural view of a power spring with an expandable bearing plate in a contracted state of a variable diameter cage in the middle, wherein the expandable plate and a vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 92 is a schematic structural view of a power spring with an expandable bearing plate in an expanded state of a variable diameter cage in the middle, wherein the expandable plate and a vertical rib may be hinged or not connected;

fig. 93 is a schematic structural view of a power spring with an expansion bearing plate and a mesh cage in a middle variable diameter cage expansion state, wherein the expansion plate and a vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 94 is a schematic structural view of a power spring with an expanding bearing plate and a spiral stirrup in a middle reducing cage in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate and a vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 95 is a schematic structural view of a power spring with an expanding pressure plate and a mesh cage with spiral stirrups and a mesh cage in a middle reducing cage expanding state, wherein the expanding plate and a vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 96 is a schematic structural view of a power spring with an expansion bearing plate in a middle bag type reducing cage in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate and a vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 97 is a schematic structural view of a power spring with an expandable bearing plate with a netpen in a middle bag type reducing cage expanded state, wherein the expansion plate and a vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 98 is a schematic structural view of a power spring with an expansion bearing plate and a spiral stirrup in the middle of a bag-type reducing cage in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate and a vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 99 is a schematic structural view of a power spring with an expansion bearing plate and a spiral stirrup and a mesh cage in the middle of a bag-type reducing cage in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate and a vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 100 is a schematic structural view of a vertical rib-free diameter-variable cage with an expansion bearing plate in a contracted state, wherein the expansion plate and the vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 101 is a schematic structural view of a vertical rib-free diameter-variable cage with an expansion bearing plate in an expanded state, wherein the expansion plate and the vertical rib can be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 102 is a schematic structural view of the expanded pressure-bearing plate with meshes in a contracted state of the variable diameter cage without vertical ribs, wherein the expanded plate and the vertical ribs may be hinged or not connected;

fig. 103 is a schematic structural view of the expanded pressure-bearing plate with meshes in an expanded state of the variable diameter cage without vertical ribs, wherein the expanded plate and the vertical ribs may be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 104 is a schematic structural view of a vertical rib-free bag-type reducing cage with an expanding pressure plate in an expanded state, wherein the expanding plate and the vertical rib may be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 105 is a schematic structural view of the expanding plate with meshes in an expanded state of the vertical rib-free bag-type reducing cage, wherein the expanding plate and the vertical ribs may be hinged or not connected;

FIG. 106 is a schematic view of a contracted state structure of a bearing plate with an expansion plate placed in an overlapped manner at upper and lower layers;

FIG. 107 is a top view of the expanded plate in an expanded state with the upper and lower layers of pressure bearing plates placed in an overlapping manner;

FIG. 108 is a front view of an expanded state of a pressure bearing plate with upper and lower layers of expansion plates placed in an overlapping manner;

FIG. 109 is a schematic structural view of the expansion plate in a contracted state of the pressure-bearing plate bolted on the same plane;

FIG. 110 is a top view of an expanded state of a bolted bearing plate with expansion plates in the same plane;

FIG. 111 is a front view of the expanded plate in the expanded state of the pressure bearing plate bolted on the same plane;

FIG. 112-1 to FIG. 112-4, FIG. 113-1 to FIG. 113-4, FIG. 114-1 to FIG. 114-4 are developed structural diagrams of various expansion boards;

FIG. 115-1 is a top view of the stirrup intermittent type diameter-changing cage in a contracted state; FIG. 115-2 is a top view of the stirrup in a contracted state;

FIG. 116-1 is a top view of the hoop with the variable diameter cage in an open state;

FIG. 116-2 is a top view of the hoop with the variable diameter cage in an open state;

FIG. 117 to FIG. 122 are top views of the expanded state of the circular reducing cage with the expanding bearing plates;

123-1, 123-2, 123-3, 123-4, 123-5 are top views of the expanded state of the square reducing cage with the expandable bearing plate, respectively;

FIG. 124 is a perspective view of a rotatable reducing cage enlarged footing anchor with an expanding bearing plate;

fig. 125 is a schematic view of a rotatable reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with an expanding bearing plate, wherein the grouting material contains fiber material;

FIG. 126 is a perspective view of a bladder type rotatable reducing cage enlarged footing anchor with an expanding bearing plate;

FIG. 127 is a schematic view of a bladder type rotatable reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with an expanding pressure plate, the grouting material containing a fibrous material;

FIG. 128 is a perspective view of a stirrup interrupted type reducing cage enlarged footing anchor with an expanding bearing plate;

FIG. 129 is a schematic view of a stirrup interrupted type reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with an expanding pressure plate, the grouting material containing fibers;

FIG. 130 is a diagram of a bladder stirrup interrupted type reducing cage enlarged head anchor rod with an expanding pressure plate;

FIG. 131 is a diagram of a bag-type stirrup intermittent type reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with an expanding pressure bearing plate, the grouting material containing fibers;

FIG. 132 is a view of a reducer cage enlarged head anchor rod (with stirrups) with an expanding bearing plate;

FIG. 133 is a view of a reducing cage enlarged head anchor rod (with stirrups) with extended bearing plates, grouting material containing fibers;

FIG. 134 is a view of a bag-type (with stirrups) reducer cage enlarged head anchor rod with an expanding bearing plate;

FIG. 135 is a view of a bag type (with stirrups) variable diameter cage enlarged head anchor rod with an expanding bearing plate, the grouting material containing fibers;

FIG. 136 is a view of a bladder type reducer cage enlarged head anchor with expanded bearing plates with mesh, grouting material containing fibers;

FIG. 137 is a view of a bag type reducing cage enlarged head anchor rod with an expanding pressure plate and a mesh cage at the periphery, the grouting material containing fibers;

FIG. 138 is a pictorial illustration of a reducer cage enlarged footing anchor with expanded bearing plates with mesh, grouting material may contain fibrous material;

FIG. 139 is a schematic view of a reducing cage enlarged head anchor rod with an expanding pressure plate and a mesh cage at the periphery, wherein grouting material may contain fiber material;

FIG. 140 is a schematic view of a bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged head anchor rod with an expanding pressure-bearing plate and a mesh cage and a mesh sheet on the periphery, wherein grouting materials may contain fiber materials;

FIG. 141 is a schematic view of a bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged head anchor rod with expanded pressure-bearing plates, wherein the inner and outer rings of vertical ribs are provided with mesh cages (and meshes), and grouting materials can contain fiber materials;

FIG. 142 is a schematic view of a reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with an expanding bearing plate and a mesh on the periphery, wherein the grouting material may contain a fiber material;

FIG. 143 is a schematic view of a diameter-variable cage enlarged head anchor rod with expanded bearing plates, wherein the inner and outer rings of vertical ribs are provided with cages (and meshes), and grouting material may contain fiber material;

FIG. 144 is a schematic view of a diameter-variable cage enlarged footing anchor rod with a mesh and stirrups and an expanding pressure plate, wherein the grouting material may contain a fiber material;

FIG. 145 is a schematic view of a reducing cage enlarged head anchor rod with an expanding pressure plate and a mesh cage and stirrups on the periphery, wherein the grouting material may contain a fiber material;

FIG. 146 is a schematic view of a bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged footing anchor rod with expanded bearing plates and meshes and stirrups, wherein grouting materials may contain fiber materials;

fig. 147 is a large view of a bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged head anchor rod with an expanding pressure-bearing plate and a mesh cage and stirrups on the periphery, the grouting material may contain a fiber material;

FIG. 148 is a schematic view of a bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged head anchor rod with expansion pressure plates and a mesh cage, stirrups and meshes on the periphery, wherein grouting materials can contain fiber materials;

FIG. 149 is a schematic view of a bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged head anchor rod with both inner and outer ring vertical ribs having mesh cages, stirrups and meshes having expanding pressure-bearing plates, the grouting material may contain a fibrous material;

FIG. 150 is a large-scale view of a reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with an expanding pressure plate and a mesh cage, stirrups and meshes on the periphery, wherein grouting materials can contain fiber materials;

FIG. 151 is a schematic view of a reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with both inner and outer ring vertical bars having cages, stirrups and meshes having expanding bearing plates, the grouting material may contain fibrous material;

fig. 152, 153, 158, 159, 160 and 161 are views of a reducing cage enlarged head anchor rod with a multi-petal expanding pressure bearing plate, and grouting material may contain fiber material;

fig. 154, 155, 156, 157, 162, 163, 164 and 165 are views of a bag type reducing cage enlarged footing bolt with a multi-petal expanding bearing plate, and grouting material may contain fiber material;

FIG. 166 is a schematic view of a reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with a power spring having an expanding bearing plate in the middle, the grouting material may contain a fibrous material;

FIG. 167 is a schematic view of a reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with a power spring with an expandable bearing plate with a mesh cage in the middle, and grouting material may contain fiber material;

FIG. 168 is a view of a reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with spiral stirrups and a power spring with an expanding bearing plate in the middle, wherein the grouting material may contain a fiber material;

FIG. 169 is a view of a reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with spiral stirrups and a power spring with an expanded bearing plate of a mesh cage in the middle, wherein grouting materials can contain fiber materials;

fig. 170 is a large-scale view of a bag type reducing cage enlarged footing anchor rod with a power spring of an expansion type bearing plate in the middle, and grouting materials can contain fiber materials;

FIG. 171 is a schematic view of a bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged footing anchor rod with a power spring of an expandable bearing plate with a netpen in the middle, wherein grouting material may contain fiber material;

fig. 172 is a large view of a bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged footing anchor rod with a spiral stirrup and a power spring with an expandable bearing plate in the middle, wherein grouting material may contain fiber material;

FIG. 173 is a schematic view of a bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged footing anchor rod with a spiral stirrup and a mesh cage and a power spring with an expandable bearing plate in the middle, wherein grouting materials can contain fiber materials;

FIG. 174 is a schematic view of a vertical rib-free tapered cage enlarged footing anchor with an expanding bearing plate, the grouting material may contain a fibrous material;

FIG. 175 is a schematic view of an anchor rod without vertical ribs and with a variable diameter cage enlarged footing of an expanded bearing plate with a mesh, wherein grouting material may contain fiber material;

fig. 176 is a large-scale view of a vertical rib-free bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged footing anchor rod with an expanding pressure plate, and grouting materials may contain fiber materials;

fig. 177 is a large-scale view of a vertical rib-free bag type diameter-variable cage enlarged footing anchor rod with an expanded bearing plate with a mesh, and the grouting material may contain a fiber material.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 20, 117 (other figures with and without reference to fig. 20 and 117), the expansion bar 1; a vertical rib 2; activating tendons 3; a pressure bearing plate 4; a loop-shaped retainer 5; a chain type stirrup 6; a connecting member 7; a cylinder mould 8; a mesh sheet 9; a guide cap 10; a pressure rotating disk 11; (vertical rib) limiting disc 12; a grouting pipe 13; a center rod (loop rod) 14; a release mechanism (power spring or rotary power spring) 15; the stirrup 16. The transverse push rod piece 17 is simultaneously connected with the grouting pipe; it may also be a torsion spring actuating the pressure-rotating disk 12. The transverse push rod member slides along the slot 18. 13 is an inner sleeve.

Example 1: the limiting disc 12 and the bearing plate 4 are respectively fixed at the upper end and the lower end of a central rod (loop bar) 14, the limiting disc 12 can limit one end of a power spring, and the central rod (loop bar) 14 can be a sleeve, a sleeve on a main bar body of the anchor rod or the main bar body; the bearing plate 4 can be a flange-shaped nut, a flange or a flat plate with a hole, and the center of the bearing plate is provided with threads for fixing the lower end of the anchor rod body; the central unthreaded part extends out the lower end of the anchor rod and then is fixed by a nut.

Example 2: the structure of the bearing plate 4 and the expansion rod has multiple types: the bearing plate 4 can be a plate structure with a central hole, a sleeve structure flange structure, a structure formed by welding a sleeve and a circular ring plate or a sleeve plate; the outer edge of the bearing plate is fixedly connected with a protrusion, and a circumferential distribution pin shaft is arranged on the connection protrusion; the pin shaft is movably connected with a stretching rod 1; the lower part of the matching bearing plate 4 is provided with a nut which can fix a central rod (loop bar) 14.

Example 3: the expanding type expansion head (bearing plate) reducing cage structure comprises an expanding type expansion head (bearing plate), a limiting disc 12 and a power spring; the limiting disc 12 and the bearing plate 4 are respectively fixed at the upper end and the lower end of a central rod (loop bar) 14, the limiting disc 12 is used for fixing one end of a power spring, the other end of the power spring is movably fixed with a ring-shaped fixer 5, a vertical rib 2 and an expansion rod are arranged between the ring-shaped fixer 5 and the bearing plate 4, the upper end of the vertical rib 2 and the lower end of the expansion rod are respectively connected onto a pin shaft fixed with the ring-shaped fixer 5 and the bearing plate 4, and the lower end of the vertical rib 2 is connected with the upper end of the expansion rod through a movable pin shaft; the releasing device is restrained by a restraining sleeve and a safety pin connected with the restraining sleeve, and the restraining sleeve is used for restraining the linkage rod or the vertical rib.

Example 4: the diameter-changing cage comprises a plurality of vertical ribs, two groups of same movable connecting ribs with the same number as the vertical ribs, a first ring-shaped fixer and a second ring-shaped fixer, and can be specially provided with an outer sleeve sleeved on the main ribs, the plurality of vertical ribs surround the main ribs, the first group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs 3 are respectively connected with the upper ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the ring-shaped fixer, the second group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the second ring-shaped fixer, the bearing plate is fixed with the main ribs at the lower ends of the main ribs, and one ring-shaped fixer is fixed with the outer sleeve; the grouting pipe 13 is arranged, and the grouting pipe 13 is fixed with the first ring-shaped fixer or a certain vertical rib; when the outer sleeve pipe sinks under the stress of the grouting pipe 13, the reducing cage is opened (the vertical ribs of the fiber cage are opened). One end of each vertical rib of each group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs is connected with the same height position of one rib, the other end of each movable connecting rib is connected with a fixed joint of a ring-shaped fixer, and the ring-shaped fixer is fixed or slides on the outer sleeve rod of the main rib.

Example 5: the expandable expanded bearing plate and reducing cage of the expanded bearing head can be seen in fig. 116-1 and 116-2, and fig. 19 and 20 as detailed structural diagrams of the expandable bearing plate plus vertical ribs plus discontinuous weft reinforcement cage of the invention, which correspond to the structures of contraction and opening respectively; fig. 21, 22, 23 and 24 are respectively corresponding to the bearing plate with vertical bars and discontinuous weft cages, and fig. 22 and 23 are schematic structural diagrams of a steel bar cage with a steel bar mesh inside or a steel bar net wrapped in the steel bar mesh cage in fig. 24; fig. 25, 26, 27 and 28 correspond to the structures of the pressure-bearing plate plus vertical ribs + discontinuous weft cage of fig. 21, 22, 23 and 24, respectively, but without the guide cap of the lower part.

The short wefts connected with the same latitude on the adjacent vertical ribs are provided with fixing mechanisms; the adjacent ends of the adjacent short wefts at the same latitude are provided with convex ends which are mutually locked with the ring sleeves, the mutually matched rail sliding structure of the adjacent short wefts is not eliminated, and the ends of the rails are also provided with locking parts. When the fixing mechanism is not adopted, only the framework structure of the fiber cage is adopted, and a complete fiber cage cannot be formed.

When the overlapping area of the adjacent short weft threads is reduced or disappears, the adjacent ends of the adjacent short weft threads are a convex end and a ring sleeve, the convex end is fixed by the ring sleeve to form a closed weft thread loop or a basically closed weft thread loop, and the convex end is a mechanism which can be mutually locked and fixed by the ring sleeve.

The use of short weft fiber cages is structurally simpler. The vertical ribs are warps, short wefts are uniformly welded on the vertical ribs, the short wefts at the same latitude on the adjacent vertical ribs have overlapping areas (hard wefts are crossed or staggered) when the variable-diameter fiber cage is contracted, and the release mechanism reduces or eliminates the overlapping areas of the short wefts when the variable-diameter fiber cage is released. When the fiber cage is a single-layer variable-diameter fiber cage, the number of the vertical ribs is generally 4-8, such as 6 vertical ribs, the vertical ribs are uniformly distributed, the diameter of the fiber cage is about 15 cm when the fiber cage is contracted, the diameter of the fiber cage can be 25-50 cm when the fiber cage is released, and the short weft is a rigid wire or a flexible wire and comprises a structure formed by connecting reinforcing steel bars, steel ropes or reinforcing steel bars and steel ropes. It is not excluded to use a fibrous rigid material for the short weft. The short weft can be in a circular arc shape, the length of the short weft is 13-30 cm (the middle of the circular arc is fixed on the vertical rib), the six sections of circular arcs are concave towards the direction of the vertical rib, the circular arcs form a circle with a smaller diameter when the circular arcs shrink, and the circular arcs form a circle when the circular arcs release and open. The weft can be distributed at even intervals of more than 5 according to the height of the fiber cage.

Example 6: during the release device, CN2017103161244 is adopted, and the structure of a spring and the like mentioned by a variable-diameter fiber cage for an anchor rod or a pile foundation can be adopted, but a simpler structure can be adopted: such as one that forms a telescopic stay in combination with the grout pipe 13. The grouting pipe 13 is fixed with the first ring-shaped fixer or a certain vertical rib; the grouting pipe 13 is a rigid rod or another rigid rod that allows the outer sleeve to slide open the fiber cage. Namely, the two groups of movable connecting ribs 3 are respectively connected with a plurality of vertical ribs to be spread. The grouting pipe 13 (or the auxiliary rod) is fixed with the outer ring connecting rib of the ring-shaped fixer or a certain vertical rib; the slip casting pipe 13 (or the auxiliary rod) is directly stressed to make the outer sleeve sink, and the sliding ring-shaped fixer opens the vertical ribs of the fiber cage. The grouting pipe 13 is a rigid rod or another rigid rod that allows the outer sleeve to slide open the fiber cage. Stirrups (which can be steel ropes or elastic steel bars) which are movably connected are arranged on the peripheries of a plurality of vertical bars of the expansion head fiber cage; when the elastic reinforcing steel bar is used, the variable-diameter fiber cage can be released by adopting a mode of releasing the elastic stirrup, and the main reinforcing steel bar, namely the main reinforcing steel bar and the reinforcing steel bar material are wrapped and coagulated by concrete or cement mortar, cement paste or other curable materials.

Example 7: the external hydraulic or pneumatic opening mode is mainly used for providing power for the first ring-shaped fixer 2 or the second ring-shaped fixer to slide along the axial rod 5, namely, the hydraulic or pneumatic extendable rod is fixed with the first ring-shaped fixer 2 or the second ring-shaped fixer along the axial rod 5 (such as through a connecting rod or a lever), the hydraulic or pneumatic extendable rod can drive the opening of the fiber cage, and the releasing and driving structure is also suitable for the reinforcement cage. Description of other modes of opening: rotatory, extension spring, stretch cord, elastic rope, vacuum tension stick, stay cord, (hydraulic pressure pull rod) pull rod, spring leaf, elastic ring, bounce ball, elastic stick, compression bag, hydraulic pressure top (pole), the scalable vaulting pole of elastic type of atmospheric pressure top (pole) counter weight, resilient means: both provide the force of sliding the first 2 or second ring holder along the axial rod 5.

Example 8: the release mechanism is in a mode of rotating to open the fiber cage, as shown in figure 2: the upper end and the lower end of the inner sleeve are respectively sleeved with a vertical rib limiting disc 12, a plurality of vertical rib limiting holes are circumferentially formed in the outer edge of the vertical rib limiting disc, the upper end of a vertical rib of the reinforcement cage is inserted into the vertical rib limiting hole of the vertical rib limiting disc at the upper end, and the lower end of the vertical rib of the reinforcement cage is inserted into the vertical rib limiting hole of the vertical rib limiting disc at the lower end; the two pressure rotating disks 11 are driven by torsion (the torsion spring can be used as the power for the torsion driving expansion rod to expand independently); are positioned between the two vertical rib limiting discs and are sleeved on the inner sleeve at intervals; the outer edge of the vertical rib limiting disc positioned at the upper end is hinged with a plurality of rotary pushing supports, the outer edge of the vertical rib limiting disc positioned at the lower end is hinged with a plurality of rotary pushing supports, and each rotary pushing support is connected with the vertical rib of the reinforcement cage through a U-shaped buckle (similar to a pin shaft, and can be movably rotated for a certain angle) or in any mode; an upper transverse pressing and pushing rod piece is arranged in the vertical rib limiting disc at the upper end, a lower transverse pressing and pushing rod piece is arranged in the vertical rib limiting disc at the lower end, the grouting pipe extends along the vertical direction, and the upper transverse pressing and pushing rod piece and the lower transverse pressing and pushing rod piece are simultaneously connected with the grouting pipe; the torsion spring drives the rotary disc 12. The transverse push rod piece slides along the groove.

The pressure rotating disk 11 is a variable-function ring-shaped fixer 2 structure, the connecting ribs 3 are movably and axially fixed on the edge of the pressure rotating disk 11, and the diameter of the pressure rotating disk 11 is slightly larger than that of the outer loop bar. The cage is opened to the maximum expanded head state by the connecting ribs 3 at the radial position of the pressure rotating disk 11 (the connecting ribs 3 are vertical to the arc of the rotating disk), and the cage is contracted when the connecting ribs 3 form a non-vertical angle with the arc of the rotating disk.

Example 9: the releasing mechanism adopts an external hydraulic and pneumatic fiber cage opening mode: the bottom of the grouting pipe is provided with a telescopic grouting head, and when grouting liquid in the grouting pipe or inflation is carried out, the grouting head can extend to push the activating mechanism to unfold the fiber cage. Or the releasing mechanism is that the central pipes at the upper end and the lower end are sleeved with spiral springs (the diameter of the expanding type expansion head bearing plate in a free state is far larger than that of the central pipe), the upper end and the lower end of each spring are respectively fixed on the vertical rib limiting disc and the pressure rotating disc, the diameter of each spring is contracted and tightly attached to the central rod when the expanding type expansion head bearing plate reducing cage is in a contracted state, and the vertical ribs which drive the pressure rotating disc to rotate to the expanding type expansion head bearing plate reducing cage are completely expanded when the limiting pins are pulled out to relieve the large-diameter state before the contracting spring (the prior art of the landscape company is explained) is restored;

or the releasing mechanism comprises a rotary, tension spring, an elastic rope, a vacuum tension rod, a pull rope, a (hydraulic pull rod) pull rod, a spring leaf, an elastic ring, an elastic ball, an elastic rod, a compression bag, a hydraulic jack (rod), an elastic telescopic support rod of a pneumatic jack (rod) counterweight, and a movable ring-shaped fixer 2 and another fixed position fixed with the main rib, wherein the two ends of the elastic device are respectively fixed at one end of the two ends.

A compression spring, a sheet spring, a hydraulic rod or a pneumatic rod, and a torsion spring (which can be used alone as power for expanding and unfolding); the anchor rod body can cooperate high-strength nut locking prestressing force, can use fibre reinforced concrete with the anchor rod body and with the concrete of anchor section. When the safety pin is not released, the safety pin is a controlled rod to enable the restraint ring to be sleeved on the linkage rod or the expansion rod, the power spring (or other release mechanisms) is kept in a power supply state, and when the safety pin is opened, the restraint sleeve is released, and the restraint sleeve is scattered or moved to the pin shaft position at the end part of the linkage rod or the expansion rod.

The movable ends of the vertical ribs 2 and the expansion rod 1, namely the movable pin shaft, are opened outwards, and if the expansion rod is opened to a horizontal position, the expansion rod becomes an expansion bearing plate, and at any angle, the expansion head concrete framework is formed.

Example 9: the variable diameter fiber cage of the present invention may also be wrapped peripherally with the capsular bag. A mesh reinforcement may be provided around the cage. The rod body can adopt finish rolled steel bars, and also can adopt a rod body made of tensile fibers or a composite material rod body. The finish rolling steel bar body can be a pre-stressed body added firstly or secondly, and the post-stressed body can be an outer layer of the finish rolling steel bar which is sequentially coated with an anti-corrosion coating, anti-corrosion grease and a sleeve.

The CN202120505704X expanded enlarged head pressure bearing plate and anchor rod of the applicant disclose the description of the expanded enlarged head pressure bearing plate: in particular, figures 1 to 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5 and 3-18 of the CN202120505704X patent are all schematic structural views of the pressure bearing plate; the expansion rod of the bearing plate can be expanded to any angle from vertical to horizontal. Generally speaking, the expansion rod is unfolded at an angle of 45 degrees to be vertical, and a larger framework can extend out. The structure of bearing plate and expansion pole has the multiple: the bearing plate can be a plate-shaped structure with a central hole, a sleeve structure, a flange structure, a structure formed by welding a sleeve and a circular ring plate or a sleeve plate; the outer edge of the bearing plate is fixedly connected with a protrusion, and a pin shaft is arranged on the connection protrusion; the pin shaft is movably connected with a spreading rod; the lower part of the bearing plate can be provided with a nut. The expansion rods are structurally schematic, the shapes of the expansion rods are different, and the movable pin shaft is movably connected with the expansion rods in a matched manner. Fig. 4-67 in the CN202120505704X patent also have various anchoring structures for the expanded head pressure-bearing plate.

Example 10: the enlarged footing anchor rod of the pressure-bearing plate anchoring structure comprises an anchor rod piece, a fixing structure at the upper end of the anchor rod piece and a steel bar connector; the anchor rod piece adopts bonded or unbonded finish rolling twisted steel, a steel strand and a prestressed pull rod, and the steel bar connector is used for the length connection of the anchor rod piece; the top of the anchor rod piece is anchored with the bottom plate of the building, and the bottom of the anchor rod piece is locked and anchored with the expandable bearing plate; the bearing plate, the anchor rod piece and the anchoring piece of the expanding type enlarged head anchor rod are combined with poured fiber concrete, super-fluid concrete, concrete and the like or cement mortar, fiber cement mortar, cement paste, fiber cement paste or other crystals capable of being solidified materials, so that an expanding bearing plate type enlarged head anchor rod system is formed; the shape of the cylinder comprises a cylinder, a polygonal (circular internal tangent) cylinder, a truncated cone, a cone (including a cone and a polygonal cone), a trapezoidal cylinder, a sphere and a bamboo joint-shaped cylinder; the cross-sectional plane pattern may be circular (elliptical), fan-shaped, arcuate, circular, etc. Polygons (including triangles, trapezoids, parallelograms, rhombuses, rectangles, squares, rays, pentagons, hexagons), and the like; the solid shape can also be varied: cubes, cuboids, cylinders, truncated cones, prisms, prismatic tables, cones, pyramids, and the like. The materials of each component include/but are not limited to steel, other metals, composite metals, glass fibers, basalt fibers, resins, geotextiles, canvasses, MPRs, glass fiber reinforced resins, aramid fibers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, carbon fibers, boron olefins, polytetrafluoroethylene, graphene, carbon-related materials and composites thereof, polymers, high polymer materials, nano materials, metal materials, non-metal materials and the like. The specification, the model, the shape, the quantity, the size and the material can be adjusted according to different geological conditions of projects.

The bearing plate of expansion head stock add the anchor structure and stock, each part material of reducing cage include but not limited to: the material comprises carbon fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers, aramid fiber glass, glass fiber reinforced resin, geotextile, canvas, MPR, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, boron ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, graphene, carbon element-related materials and composites thereof, macromolecules, high polymer materials, nano materials, steel, other metals, composite metals, metal materials, non-metal materials and the like, and can be flexible or rigid.

The anchoring structure of the bearing plate and the reducing cage of the expanded enlarged head anchor rod, the anchor rod and each part are characterized in that the shape of the anchor rod comprises/is not limited to a cylinder, a polygonal (circular internal tangent) cylinder, a circular truncated cone, a cone (including a cone and a polygonal cone), a trapezoidal cylinder, a sphere and a bamboo joint-shaped cylinder; the cross-sectional plane pattern may be circular (elliptical), fan-shaped, arcuate, circular, etc. Polygons (including triangles, trapezoids, parallelograms, rhombuses, rectangles, squares, rays, pentagons, hexagons), and the like; the solid shape can also be varied: cubic, cuboid, cylinder, round table, prism, prismatic table, cone, pyramid, honeycomb, melon-net shape, lattice structure, etc. The specification, the model, the shape, the quantity, the size and the material can be adjusted according to different geological conditions of projects.

The expanded enlarged footing anchor rod comprises an anchor rod with a bearing plate and an anchoring structure of a reducing cage, each component, an anchor rod piece, a fixing structure at the upper end of the anchor rod piece and a steel bar connector; the anchor rod piece adopts bonded or unbonded finish rolling twisted steel, steel strands, a prestressed pull rod and fiber bars, and the steel bar connector is used for the length connection of the anchor rod piece; the top of the anchor rod piece is anchored with the bottom plate of the building, and the bottom of the anchor rod piece is locked and anchored with the expandable bearing plate; the bearing plate of the expanding type expansion head anchor rod is provided with the reducing cage, the anchor rod piece and the anchoring piece, and the anchoring piece is combined with poured fiber concrete, super-fluid concrete, concrete and the like or cement mortar, fiber cement mortar, cement paste, fiber cement paste or other crystals capable of being solidified, so that an anchoring structure of the bearing plate of the expanding type expansion head anchor rod and the reducing cage is formed; and tensioning and locking the anchor rod by taking the bottom plate as a fulcrum for applying prestress or taking the anchor rod pile top as a fulcrum for applying prestress to form the anchoring structure prestress expansion head anchor rod system of the bearing plate and the reducing cage of the expanding type expansion head anchor rod. The pressure bearing plate and the reducing cage of the expanding type enlarged footing anchor rod can be sleeved with a bag. The bearing plate and the reducing cage of the expandable expanded head anchor rod can also be provided with a sheath or a shield.

The method is applied to calculating the pulling-resistant bearing capacity of the single expanded-head anchor rod of the engineering expanded-head anchor rod according to powdery clay-silty powdery clay, strongly weathered argillaceous siltstone-sandy mudstone, siltstone, moderately weathered argillaceous siltstone-sandy mudstone and moderately weathered siltstone, and calculating the limit bearing capacity and the design bearing capacity of the engineering expanded-head anchor rod according to an engineering geological survey report and the designed anchor rod type and 'high-pressure jet expanded-head anchor rod technical specification' (JGJ/T282-2012). The invention utilizes the application of the anchor rod piece, and is applicable to the fields of but not limited to anti-floating tensile, road, mining, tunnel and bridge, foundation pit and mountain slope protection, and geological disaster treatment; also used in the fields of pressure-resistant engineering and the like. Can be used as a compression-resistant pile according to the requirements of engineering design and application.

The invention overcomes the defects of the anti-floating straight-through or enlarged head anchor rod: excavating the upper end of a pile rod, namely the surrounding substrate of the top of an anchor rod, and cleaning floating slurry; spreading water-swelling water-stopping adhesive tape around the top of the anchor rod; secondly, pouring a concrete cushion layer on the base around the top of the anchor rod;

thirdly, the threaded steel bars are fixed to the bottom of the steel bars on the upper layer of the bottom plate by using flange nuts (nuts are not needed) and do not need to be applied; and pouring a foundation slab with reinforcing steel bars on the foundation.

The solid geometry of the vertical bar and the spiral stirrup comprises: cubic cuboid cylindrical truncated cone prismatic frustum pyramid and the like; the shape of the planar cross-section is: square rectangle triangle quadrangle parallelogram rhombus trapezoid round sector bow-shaped ring; the specifications, models, shapes, sizes and materials of the vertical bars and the spiral stirrups are adjusted according to different project geological conditions.

The mode that the rib is movably connected with the vertical rib is as follows: the joints of the ring-shaped fixer connect the ribs to the vertical ribs through pin shafts and pin shaft brackets (U-shaped fixing brackets). The number of the vertical ribs is not required to be more, and generally 5-12 vertical ribs are required. The ring-shaped fixer can take an annular ring as a basic structure and slides on the main rib along with the outer sleeve.

According to the pressure-bearing reducing fiber cage expanded anchor rod, the reducing fiber cage is unfolded and released when being placed in the expanded section, the reducing fiber cage is grouted or poured with concrete to form the anchor rod, and the reducing fiber cage becomes a framework of the anchor rod.

In a typical finished product: the diameter of the stirrup of the fiber cage is less than or equal to 200mm (parameters related to actually formed drill holes can be provided with fiber cages (stirrups) with different diameters in different specifications for different drill holes), after the stirrup is placed on the anchor rod expander section, a constraint mechanism in the fiber cage is opened, and the diameter of the stirrup reaches about 400 mm; the size of the variable-diameter fiber cage during constraint and the size of the fiber cage after expansion and the height of the fiber cage can be determined according to the engineering requirements. The vertical ribs or the ribs are unfolded under the action of the mechanism and tightly attached to the stirrups until the stirrups can not be unfolded; and the rod body of the anchor rod is mechanically connected with the enlarged head at the bottom of the expansion body section, namely the bottom of the anchor rod, by using an anchor backing plate (the anchor backing plate is a ring plate).

The periphery of the vertical rib of the reducing fiber cage is provided with an annular stirrup, and the annular stirrup, the net sheet, the net cage and the like are made of elastic materials. The end of the stirrup is provided with a release device. In a tightened and elastically constrained unused state, the diameter of the annular stirrup is changed after the annular stirrup is released, and the diameter of the annular stirrup is expanded to be in an original loose state, namely after the annular stirrup with a smaller diameter is released to the expanded end of the anchor rod, the diameter of the annular stirrup is expanded to meet the design requirement (for example, the diameter of the annular stirrup is expanded to-400 mm from less than 200mm in a typical section).

The construction scheme is as follows: the construction process of the enlarged footing anchor rod comprises the following steps of:

1.1.1 measurement positioning

And popping up hole site reference lines on the base layer according to the axis which is rechecked on site and according to design requirements and stratum conditions. And determining the position of the specific anchor rod according to the reference line, marking by using a joint bar method, and scattering lime marks, wherein the plane positioning deviation of the anchor rod is not more than 100 mm. And informing the supervision and the owner of on-site personnel to recheck and check.

1.1.2 non-enlarged head section drilling,

(1) the diameter of the non-expanded head section rod body of the anchor rod is 250mm, the hole site deviation is less than or equal to 100mm, the hole inclination is less than or equal to 1.0%, and the hole diameter is more than or equal to 250 mm.

(2) And (3) adopting a rotary jet drill bit to perform low-pressure jet hole forming or adopting a drill bit matched with the designed aperture to perform drilling.

1.1.3 high pressure rotary jet reaming, or mechanical reaming.

The high pressure jet reaming can be performed by water or cement slurry. When the cement slurry reaming process is adopted, reaming is carried out at least twice up and down and back and forth; when the hole expanding process is adopted, the hole expansion process is finally carried out by adopting cement slurry once. And direct mechanical reaming can be carried out.

(1) The diameter of the diameter expanding section is 700mm, plain cement slurry (or water) is adopted as a rotary spraying medium, and the cement strength is not lower than 42.5 of ordinary portland cement; cement consumption is executed according to a design drawing; and the water-cement ratio of the cement paste is 0.5, the hole expanding injection pressure is 25-30 mPa, the spray pipe rotates at a constant speed during injection, and the hole expanding is carried out for 2 times at the constant speed.

(2) And (3) increasing the jet pressure to 25-30 mPa during hole expansion, and carrying out high-pressure jet hole expansion at a rotary jet lifting speed of 10-25 cm/min and a rotating speed of 5-15 r/min.

(3) The length of the drill rod outside the measuring hole is used for calculating the reaming length, after the reaming length reaches the design requirement, the reaming section is subjected to re-spraying in order to ensure that the diameter of the reaming section meets the design requirement, and cement slurry is used for spraying the slurry.

1.1.4 Anchor rod fabrication, transportation and installation

(1) Manufacturing an anchor rod: the anchor rod is manufactured and stored in the on-site steel bar processing shed. A typical anchor rod body adopts 36-diameter anchor rod PSB 1080-level steel bars, a steel bar brush is used for corrosion prevention before manufacturing, II-level corrosion prevention is used for corrosion prevention, and epoxy resin corrosion prevention treatment is performed on the rod body brush. And blanking the anchor rod according to the design requirement or the length required by the depth of the rock entering hole. The lap joint of the high-strength steel bar that the stock body of rod adopted adopts the high-strength connector to connect and strictly forbids welding and buckling, strictly makes according to design requirement and standard.

If the prestressed unbonded reinforcement is adopted, an anticorrosive grease layer is arranged on the surface of the main reinforcement steel bar, and a plastic film sleeve is arranged outside the anticorrosive grease layer; the anticorrosion grease layer is coated by the anticorrosion grease layer coating device, the anticorrosion grease layer coating non-adhesive ribs are coated with polyethylene or polypropylene plastic films by a plastic extruder, and then a plastic sleeve is formed by a cooling cylinder mold, wherein the sleeve can be made of various materials such as metal, PP, PE, PVC, plastics and the like. The quality requirement of the rod body is as follows: the anchor rod body is made of high-strength steel bars coated with an anticorrosive coating, the adhesive force between the coating and the steel bar base layer is not lower than 5 anchor rod Pa, the adhesive force between the coating and the cement base layer is not lower than 1.5mPa, and the coating thickness is more than 280 microns. And b, the steel bars and the centering bracket are firmly bound. c is strictly manufactured according to design requirements and specifications.

1.1.5 Anchor rod installation

Before the rod body is placed into the drill hole, the quality of the rod body is checked, and the rod body is ensured to be assembled to meet the design requirement. When the rod body is installed, the rod body is prevented from being twisted, pressed and bent. After the materials and the manufacturing process are inspected to be qualified, a drilling machine is adopted to hoist or manually lift the rod body along the hole wall to send the rod body into the hole for anchoring, the grouting pipe and the anchor rod are simultaneously put into the hole, and the constraint device is opened after the elevation is designed to ensure that the ribbed nut or the ribbed flange of the root-shaped ground anchor is unfolded to the designed diameter; the distance from the end of the grouting pipe to the bottom of the hole is preferably 200 anchor rods, the length of the anchor rods inserted into the holes is not less than 95% of the design specification, after the anchor rods are installed, the anchor rods cannot be knocked randomly and cannot be lifted randomly, the verticality is well controlled (the hole slope is less than or equal to 1.0%), and then grouting cement is prepared (pressure grouting).

1.1.6 grouting

(1) The grouting material may be c30 fine-stone concrete doped with fibers or cement paste, cement mortar or other cementing materials of equivalent strength. The number of test blocks for checking the strength of grouting slurry should not be less than one set per 50 anchor rods. And each group of test blocks is not less than 6. The detection of the strength of the cement paste refers to the standard of basic performance test methods of building mortar (JGJ/T70-2009).

(2) When cement slurry is used as a grouting material, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 30MPa, and the water-cement ratio is 0.5. The cement is preferably 42.5-grade ordinary portland cement. The variety and the mixing amount of the additive are determined by experiments.

(3) The grouting guide pipe and the anchor rod body are placed together, and the grouting pipe can bear the pressure of 5.0mPa, so that the grout can be smoothly injected into the hole bottom and fill the whole anchor section of the expanded head. When the grouting material is cement (sand) slurry, a high-pressure grouting process is adopted, the slurry is uniformly stirred and sieved, and the slurry is used after stirring and is used up before initial setting. And determining grouting pressure according to field test conditions, wherein the grouting density of the slurry is ensured. After grouting, stopping grouting when grout overflows from the orifice or the grout discharged from the exhaust pipe is consistent with the injected grout in color and concentration. The slurry should be stirred uniformly and used with stirring, and the slurry should be used up before initial setting. And (5) well performing grouting recording work. Due to the shrinkage of the slurry, after the slurry of the anchor rod shrinks, the cement slurry with the same label is supplemented to the top of the hole.

1.1.7 post-setting process of anchor rod body

(1) Construction process flow

Construction preparation → measurement and paying-off → pile machine in place → anchor rod assembly manufacturing → drilling down → drilling up and grouting → vibration sinking into anchor rod assembly → machine moving to the next pile position → construction monitoring.

(2) Vibration sinking anchor rod assembly

After concrete, cement paste, cement mortar or other cementing materials are poured, the anchor rod assembly is inserted into the slurry by using a vibrator immediately, the anchor rod assembly is vertically hoisted and is perpendicular to the upper part of the orifice, then the anchor rod assembly is corrected and positioned, and is pressed into the slurry in the orifice, and the height of the top of the anchor rod is fixed at the designed height.

When the grouting material is fine-grained concrete:

1) the concrete poured underwater should meet the following specifications:

firstly, underwater concrete pouring must have good workability, and the mixing proportion should be determined through tests; the slump is preferably 180-220 mm; the workability is good. No bleeding and segregation phenomena, easy pumping and easy construction; the 28-day compressive strength meets the strength evaluation standard (GB/T50107-2010);

secondly, mixed medium sand (superfine sand and artificial sand are respectively 3:7) is preferably selected as the sand for underwater concrete pouring; the particle size of the coarse aggregate is preferably 5-10 anchor rods (determined according to the selected pouring equipment);

admixture is preferably mixed in the underwater poured concrete.

Fourthly, the c30 fine aggregate concrete is used in the mixing proportion;

2) the construction and use of the catheter should comply with the following regulations:

the wall thickness of the conduit is preferably 3-5mm, and the outer diameter is preferably 68-70 mm; the diameter manufacturing deviation should not exceed 2mm, the sectional length of the conduit can be determined according to the process requirements, the length of the bottom pipe should not be less than 4m, and the joint should adopt a double-thread square buckle quick joint;

before the catheter is used, the catheter is assembled and tested in a test way, and the pressure of the test water can be 0.6 multiplied by 1.0 mPa;

and thirdly, cleaning the inside and the outside of the catheter after each perfusion.

3) The water-proof bolt used has good water-proof performance and ensures smooth discharge; the water-proof bolt is made of ball bladder or fine stone concrete with same strength grade as the pile body concrete.

The construction process comprises the following steps: positioning → cement mortar, cement paste, concrete or fiber concrete preparation → jet grouting pile machine or drilling machine drills to the designed depth → high pressure jet grouting or mechanical reaming construction → hole cleaning → hole quality detection → lowering weft thread disconnected variable diameter fiber cage anchor rod body assembly → high pressure pouring cement mortar, cement paste, concrete or fiber concrete → pile forming → stone strength reaches 90% of the designed strength, prestress tensioning and locking are implemented → anchor fittings are installed after the cushion layer is completed.

The enlarged footing stock body of rod assembly installation:

1. all materials and accessories thereof are required to be stored and stacked neatly, moistureproof, antirust and fireproof; the processed anchor rod body assembly cannot be subjected to mechanical damage, medium erosion and pollution when being stored, transported and placed, and raw materials polluted by harmful substances cannot be used.

2. When a rod body isolation sleeve is arranged outside the rod body steel bar according to design requirements, the sleeve is filled with anti-corrosion grease, and two ends of the sleeve are sealed; the sleeve must not be damaged during the machining and installation process. According to the standard requirement, the gap between the sleeve and the rod body is filled with anti-corrosion grease, and if necessary, double sleeve sealing protection can be adopted, which is detailed in a large sample figure. And a rod body positioner is arranged at intervals of 2m along the axial direction of the rod body, and the grouting pipe/guide pipe is firmly bound with the rod body.

3. The rod body assembly of the anchor rod with the enlarged head is required to be lightly taken during installation, transportation and transfer, so that the damage and the damage of the steel bar and the sleeve of the rod body are avoided.

1.1.8 technological parameters:

1. the hole site deviation is less than or equal to 100mm, the hole inclination is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, and the hole diameter is more than or equal to 250 mm.

2. The super-beating depth is 500 mm.

3. The injection pressure of the high-pressure injection reaming is not less than 20MPa, the feeding or lifting speed of the nozzle is 10-25 cm/min, and the rotating speed of the nozzle is 5-15 r/min.

4. The anchor rod anchoring slurry is C30 cement mortar, cement slurry, concrete or fiber concrete with the same strength.

2.1 anchor rod construction:

2.1 the diameter of the formed hole is 250mm, the deviation of the hole position is not more than 100mm, and the allowable error of the length is plus 100/-30 mm.

2.2 immediately putting down the assembled enlarged head anchor rod body assembly after reaming, grouting in time and completing continuous grouting of a single anchor rod within 1 hour.

2.3 when laying the stock body of rod assembly, must not damage any subassembly of stock body of rod assembly, guarantee normal slip casting operation, must not strike at will, must not hang the heavy object.

2.3.1 the grouting guide pipe and the twisted steel are fixed together and placed into the anchor hole, the distance from the grouting pipe to the bottom of the hole is less than or equal to 300mm, the pressure born by the guide pipe can be not less than 9.0MPa, and the grouting material can be smoothly pressure-poured to the expanded head anchoring section at the bottom of the drill hole. The slurry should be poured continuously from bottom to top, and the holes should be drained and exhausted smoothly.

2.3.2 after the grouting is finished, the rod body cannot be knocked randomly, and a heavy object cannot be hung.

2.3.3 the grouting slurry should be stirred evenly, used at any time, used up before initial setting and prevented from being mixed with stones and impurities before use. Commercial concrete or mortar can also be adopted, and the strength of the anchoring slurry is not lower than 30 MPa.

2.3.4 when the grout is overflowed from the orifice and injected into the orifice, the grout can be stopped when the grout is injected to a position 0.8-1.0m above the standard height of the construction surface of the anchor rod.

2.3.5 when the anchoring slurry degree reaches not less than 90% of the strength required by the design, removing the general slurry and leveling to the elevation of the anchor rod construction surface (the entering structural bottom plate is not less than 50mm), and implementing prestress tension locking.

2.3.6 the project should be prestressed and locked after the anchor slurry strength reaches 90% of the design strength. Before prestress is applied, the steel backing plate for locking prestress and the high-strength nut are brushed with epoxy resin anti-corrosion paint with the thickness of not less than 280 microns.

And 2.3.7, after the cushion layer is finished, mounting an anchoring accessory and integrally pouring the structural bottom plate.

2.4.1 after the construction of this engineering stock is accomplished, should carry out the acceptance test after the grout intensity reaches 80% of design strength, the quantity of acceptance test is 5% of total radical, and is not less than 5, and the maximum load of acceptance test is 1.5 times of resistance to plucking design value, and concrete detection foundation carries out according to relevant standard regulation.

2.4.2 the number of test blocks for testing the slurry strength is not less than one group per day, and the number of each group of test blocks is not less than 6.

2.4.3 after the construction of this engineering stock is accomplished, should calculus body intensity reach 90% of design intensity and carry out resistance to plucking test, experimental quantity 3, the biggest load of experiment sees variable diameter steel reinforcement cage enlarged footing stock design parameter table in detail.

2.4.4 creep tests are carried out before formal construction of the anchor rod, the tests are carried out according to the creep test item IV in appendix E of building engineering anti-floating design Standard (JGJ 476-2019), and the number of the tests is not less than 3. The test should be loaded to failure.

Other descriptions of the project do not relate to, and values are required according to the regulations of the anti-floating technical standard of constructional engineering (JGJ 476-2019), the technical specification of the high-pressure jet expanded head anchor rod (JGJ/T282-2012), the technical specification of the rock-soil anchor rod (cable) (CECS 22: 2005) and other related specifications.

The invention has the application range including but not limited to various pile types such as anti-floating, anti-pulling, tensile and anti-compression; the application fields include but are not limited to various categories of building engineering, slope protection, geological disasters and the like.

The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A diameter-variable cage of an expanding type pressure-bearing plate of an expanding type expansion head comprises the expanding type pressure-bearing plate of the expanding type expansion head and a framework of the cage, and is characterized in that specific components comprise a release mechanism, at least two ring-shaped fixers, a plurality of connecting ribs, a plurality of vertical ribs, a central rod, a pressure-bearing plate, an expanding rod and a pin shaft; the lower end of the central rod is fixed with the pressure bearing plate, and the lower end of the central rod is provided with a ring-shaped fixer; the releasing mechanism is sleeved on the central rod and can slide, and one end of the releasing mechanism fixes a ring-shaped fixer and enables the ring-shaped fixer to slide under the action of acting force; the plurality of vertical ribs surround the central rod, the first group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively and movably connected with the upper ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and the plurality of joints on the circumference of the first ring-shaped fixer, and the second group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and the plurality of joints on the circumference of the second ring-shaped fixer; the group of expanding rods surrounds the central rod, the lower ends of the expanding rods are movably connected with pin shafts arranged around the pressure bearing plate, the expanding rods contract to surround the central rod, and the expanding rods form an angle of 30-120 degrees with the central rod; the upper end of the expansion rod is a free end or is respectively and movably hinged with the lower ends of the corresponding vertical ribs; an elastic opening device is arranged between the expanding rod and the surrounding central rod.

2. A kind of expanding expanded head bearing plate reducing cage, including expanding expanded head bearing plate and cage skeleton, the concrete component is release mechanism, at least a round fixer, several connecting rib, several vertical ribs, center pole, bearing plate, expanding pole, axis pin; the lower end of the central rod is fixed with the bearing plate, the ring-shaped fixer can slide on the central rod, one end of the releasing mechanism fixes the ring-shaped fixer and can enable the ring-shaped fixer to slide under the action of acting force of the releasing mechanism of the ring-shaped fixer, the plurality of vertical ribs surround the central rod, and a group of the plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively and movably connected with the upper ends of the plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the ring-shaped fixer; the group of expanding rods surrounds the central rod, the lower ends of the expanding rods are movably connected with pin shafts arranged around the pressure bearing plate, and the expanding rods are contracted to surround the central rod or are expanded to form an angle of 30-120 degrees with the central rod; the upper end of the expansion rod is movably hinged with the lower ends of the corresponding vertical ribs.

3. The expanding type enlarged head pressure bearing plate reducing cage according to claim 2, wherein the expansion rod is hinged with the lower end of the vertical rib, which means that the pin shaft is movably connected; after the reducing cage is opened by the reducing cage releasing device, the pressure bearing plate movably fixes the contraction and the opening of the expansion rod through a circle of pin shaft to play a role of a ring-shaped fixer; the central rod is welded or in threaded connection with the central hole of the bearing plate.

4. The expanding type expansion head bearing plate reducing cage as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the group of expanding rods is the same as the number of the group of connecting ribs, the plurality of vertical ribs form warp threads of the reducing cage, and the connecting ribs form middle weft threads; or the peripheral weft is formed by peripheral stirrups or nets, or the cage or the net sheet is used for reinforcing the weft.

5. The expanding type enlarged head pressure bearing plate reducing cage as claimed in claim 2, wherein a second ring-shaped fixer is provided, a second group of a plurality of movable connecting ribs are respectively connected with the lower ends of a plurality of vertical ribs and a plurality of joints on the circumference of the second ring-shaped fixer, and the plurality of vertical ribs are warp threads; or the structure of the bag is arranged to increase the integral firmness of the expansion head; the vertical rib parts and the adjustable ribs which form the reducing cage are reinforcing steel bars or fiber ribs.

6. The expanding enlarged head pressure bearing plate reducing cage according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the release mechanism of the reducing steel bar cage is selected from the following: the telescopic stay bar is directly fixed at the fixed position of a movable ring-shaped fixer; the telescopic stay bar drives the ring-shaped fixer to slide on the main reinforcement to open the fiber cage or the reinforcement cage;

or the release mechanism is that two ends of the elastic device are respectively fixed on the first ring-shaped fixer and the second ring-shaped fixer, the elastic device can be shared, and the main rib of the telescopic stay bar is arranged in the telescopic stay bar or arranged outside the telescopic stay bar;

or the releasing mechanism is in a way of opening the fiber cage in a rotating way, the upper end and the lower end of the inner sleeve are respectively sleeved with a vertical rib limiting disc 12, a plurality of vertical rib limiting holes are circumferentially formed in the outer edge of the vertical rib limiting disc, the upper end of a vertical rib of the reinforcement cage is inserted into the vertical rib limiting hole of the vertical rib limiting disc at the upper end, and the lower end of the vertical rib of the reinforcement cage is inserted into the vertical rib limiting hole of the vertical rib limiting disc at the lower end; the two pressure rotating disks 11 are both positioned between the two vertical rib limiting disks and are sleeved on the inner sleeve at intervals; the outer edge of the vertical rib limiting disc positioned at the upper end is hinged with a plurality of rotary pushing supports, the outer edge of the vertical rib limiting disc positioned at the lower end is hinged with a plurality of rotary pushing supports, and each rotary pushing support is connected with the vertical rib of the reinforcement cage through a U-shaped buckle or any mode; an upper transverse pressing and pushing rod piece is arranged in the vertical rib limiting disc at the upper end, a lower transverse pressing and pushing rod piece is arranged in the vertical rib limiting disc at the lower end, the grouting pipe extends along the vertical direction, and the upper transverse pressing and pushing rod piece and the lower transverse pressing and pushing rod piece are simultaneously connected with the grouting pipe;

or the releasing mechanism adopts the mode of opening the reducing cage of the expanding type pressure-bearing head plate by external hydraulic and pneumatic driving: the bottom of the grouting pipe is provided with a telescopic grouting head, and when grouting liquid or inflation is carried out in the grouting pipe, the grouting head can extend to push the adjustable mechanism to unfold the expandable expanded pressure-bearing plate reducing cage;

or the releasing mechanism is that the central pipes at the upper end and the lower end are sleeved with spiral springs (the diameter of the springs in a free state is far larger than that of the central pipes), the upper end and the lower end of each spring are respectively fixed on the vertical rib limiting disc and the pressure rotating disc, the diameter of each spring is contracted and tightly attached to the central rod when the expanding type expansion head bearing plate reducing cage is in a contracted state, and the vertical ribs which drive the pressure rotating discs to rotate to the expanding type expansion head bearing plate reducing cage are completely expanded when the limiting pins are pulled out to relieve the large-diameter state of the springs before the contraction;

or the releasing mechanism comprises a rotary, tension spring, an elastic rope, a vacuum tension rod, a pull rope, a (hydraulic pull rod) pull rod, a spring piece, an elastic ring, an elastic ball, an elastic rod, a compression bag, a hydraulic rod, an elastic telescopic stay bar of a pneumatic rod counterweight, and a movable ring-shaped fixer and another fixed position fixed with the main rib, wherein one end of the two ends of the elastic device are respectively fixed at the two ends.

7. The expanding expansion head pressure bearing plate reducing cage according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the restraining collar is used for restraining the expanding plate or the vertical rib; the safety device is provided with a restraining sleeve and a safety pin connected with the restraining sleeve.

8. The expanding enlarged head pressure bearing plate reducing cage according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the structure provided with the bladder increases the overall firmness of the enlarged head.

9. The expanding type expansion head pressure bearing plate reducing cage as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the reducing cage is a fiber cage or a steel reinforcement cage or various variable diameter cages.

10. An anchor rod composed of the expanding enlarged head pressure bearing plate reducing cage according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising an anchor rod member and a fixing structure at the upper end of the anchor rod member, a reinforcing bar connector; the anchor rod piece adopts bonded or unbonded finish rolling twisted steel, steel strands, a prestressed pull rod and fiber bars, and the steel bar connector is used for the length connection of the anchor rod piece; the top of the anchor rod piece is anchored with the bottom plate of the building, and the bottom of the anchor rod piece is locked and anchored with the expandable bearing plate; the bearing plate of the expanding type expansion head anchor rod is provided with the reducing cage, the anchor rod piece and the anchoring piece, and the anchoring piece is combined with poured fiber concrete, super-fluid concrete, or cement mortar, fiber cement mortar, cement paste, fiber cement paste or other crystals capable of being solidified, so that an anchoring structure of the bearing plate of the expanding type expansion head anchor rod and the reducing cage is formed; tensioning and locking by taking the bottom plate as a fulcrum for applying prestress or taking the anchor rod pile top as a fulcrum for applying prestress to form an anchoring structure prestress expansion head anchor rod system of a bearing plate and a reducing cage of the expanding type expansion head anchor rod; the pressure bearing plate and the reducing cage of the expanding type enlarged footing anchor rod can be sleeved with a bag; the bearing plate and the reducing cage of the expandable expanded head anchor rod can also be provided with a sheath or a shield.

11. The anchor of claim 10, wherein the shape includes but is not limited to a cylinder, a polygonal (tangent to circle) cylinder, a truncated cone, a cone (including a cone and a polygonal cone), a trapezoidal cylinder, a sphere, a bamboo joint cylinder; the cross-sectional plane figure can be an ellipse, a fan, an arch, a circular ring and the like; polygons (including triangles, trapezoids, parallelograms, rhombuses, rectangles, squares, rays, pentagons, hexagons), and the like; the solid shape can also be varied: cubic, cuboid, cylinder, round table, prism, prismatic table, cone, pyramid, honeycomb, melon-net shape, lattice structure, etc.; the specification, the model, the shape, the quantity, the size and the material can be adjusted according to different geological conditions of projects.

12. A rock bolt according to any one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the material of the components includes: the material comprises carbon fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers, aramid fiber glass, glass fiber reinforced resin, geotextile, canvas, MPR, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, boron ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, graphene, carbon element-related materials and composites thereof, macromolecules, high polymer materials, nano materials, steel, other metals, composite metals, metal materials, non-metal materials and the like, and can be flexible or rigid.