CN115613159A - Bi-component composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bi-component composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 210000004177 elastic tissue Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000986 disperse dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polytrimethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006052 Chinlon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VGKYEIFFSOPYEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-[(4-phenyldiazenylphenyl)diazenyl]phenol Chemical compound Cc1cc(ccc1O)N=Nc1ccc(cc1)N=Nc1ccccc1 VGKYEIFFSOPYEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SGHZXLIDFTYFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Brilliant Blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 SGHZXLIDFTYFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010040007 Sense of oppression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEIOBOXBGYWJIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane;methanol Chemical compound OC.OC.C1CCCCC1 VEIOBOXBGYWJIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUXJTJITXCHUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N disperse red 11 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(N)C(OC)=CC(N)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 TUXJTJITXCHUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/02—Heat treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bi-component composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure and a preparation method thereof. The elastic fiber is a bi-component parallel composite fiber, and the two components are copolyester high polymers with excellent compatibility and different controllable thermal shrinkage rates; the two copolyesters are subjected to melt spinning, stretching and shaping by adopting a melt parallel composite spinning device to obtain parallel composite fibers; when the fiber is subjected to heat treatment, the fiber with excellent elastic property can be obtained; both components can be dyed with full-color chromatogram including black, dark brown and other dark colors at low temperature and normal pressure; the side-by-side type composite elastic fiber is more suitable for the dyeing requirement of blended or interwoven elastic fabrics comprising cotton, wool, hemp, silk and the like, and is also suitable for the blended or interwoven elastic fabric low-temperature and normal-pressure one-bath dyeing of novel disperse dye normal-pressure deep-dyeable iterative terylene-D (NEDDP), low-temperature and normal-pressure cationic dye dyeable polyester (ECDP) fiber and novel low-temperature and normal-pressure cationic dye deep-dyeable iterative terylene-D (NECDP).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an elastic polyester fiber with a spiral three-dimensional curling structure and a preparation method thereof. The elastic fiber is a parallel composite fiber composed of two low-temperature normal-pressure dyeable polyesters with good compatibility and different heat shrinkage rates, and after the fiber is subjected to damp-heat treatment such as low-temperature normal-pressure dyeing and the like, a morphological structure with permanent spiral three-dimensional curling can be obtained, so that the fiber is endowed with good elastic elongation and elastic recovery rate. The characteristics different from the prior similar parallel composite fiber are that the two components can be dyed with full color system chromatogram comprising black, dark brown, dark blue and other deep colors by using disperse dyes or cationic dyes at low temperature and normal pressure, and have excellent color fastness; therefore, the elastic fiber is very suitable for being blended or interwoven with the dyeing requirements that the elastic fabric must be dyed at low temperature and normal pressure, and the functions of the elastic fiber are protected, wherein the blended or interwoven elastic fabric comprises cotton, wool, hemp, silk natural fibers, viscose fibers, chinlon chemical fibers and other fibers which cannot resist high temperature; the method is also more suitable for blending with novel disperse dyes, namely normal-pressure deep-dyeable iterative terylene-D, low-temperature normal-pressure cationic dyes, namely dyeable polyester (ECDP) fibers, and novel low-temperature normal-pressure cationic dyes, namely deep-dyeable iterative terylene-C (NECDP), or dyeing interwoven elastic fabrics in one bath at low temperature and normal pressure, so that the application field of the parallel composite elastic fibers is expanded. The low-temperature normal-pressure dyeing also has economic and social benefits of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Background
There have been many studies on the elastic polymer fiber, but there are a limited number of applications in which the elastic polymer fiber can be practically industrialized. The best known "Lycra" from Du Pont, inc. of the same genus; and T-400 is yet another new spandex product developed by dupont. T-400 is PET/PTT bi-component side by side type composite fiber, the section is dumbbell shape, because the thermal contraction performance of the two components is different, and the two components have asymmetric cross section, the fiber can generate permanent spiral crimp when being heated, the three-dimensional spiral crimp determined by the self property can ensure that the fiber has good elastic elongation and elastic recovery. Compared with Lycra, this spirally crimped elastic fiber has many features. Its elastic elongation (about 50% to 150%) and elastic recovery (about 80% at 25% elongation) are apparently inferior to Lycra, but are sufficient to meet the requirements of elastic woven or knitted fabrics. However, compared with the Lycra, the method has the advantages of simple processing technology, short production process flow, no pollution and environmental friendliness; moreover, the strength is high, which is beneficial to textile processing; the modulus is low, and the clothing does not have oppression to a human body when worn; the heat resistance is good, the polyester can be dyed in the same bath with common polyester, and the elasticity cannot be lost due to dyeing processing; the light resistance is good; chlorine bleaching resistance; the raw material cost is low and the price is low. Therefore, the compound can be complementary with the Lycra in the aspect of application, and the price advantage of the compound has strong market competitiveness.
In recent years, the production and demand of side-by-side composite fibers are active, and besides the PET/PTT combination with the same components as T-400, more research and development work is carried out on the combination of side-by-side composite fiber raw materials, and most research and development mainly aim at reducing the production cost. For example, the patent of "a high low viscosity PET parallel composite self-crimping fiber and a preparation method thereof" with publication No. CN111101237A, the patent of "a parallel composite PBT polyester fiber and a preparation method thereof" with publication No. CN106337212A, and the patent of "a PBT/PET double-component elastic composite fiber production process" with publication No. 107964690A, which adopt 2 kinds of PET with different characteristic and viscosity numbers, and the like. The patent application also discloses a parallel composite elastic fiber and a preparation method thereof, the cross section of the parallel composite elastic fiber is of a peanut type parallel structure, and the parallel composite elastic fiber is formed by extruding and compounding 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid copolymerization modified PET and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid copolymerization modified PTT respectively according to the mass ratio of 45-55: 55-45. No matter which kind of the two-component combination is adopted, the PET component with higher glass transition temperature is not separated, so that a great defect exists, namely, the PET component can be dyed only at the high temperature of 125-130 ℃. When natural fibers such as cotton, wool, hemp, silk and the like, chemical fibers such as viscose, nylon and the like which can only be dyed in the environment of lower than 100 ℃ are blended or interwoven with the elastic fibers into elastic fabrics, the deficiency is revealed in the low-temperature dyeing process, namely, the PET component in the elastic fibers cannot be dyed and appears white. If the dyeing is carried out at a high temperature of 125-130 ℃, the whitening of the PET fibers can be avoided, but the performance of another component in the blended or interwoven elastic fabric is inevitably damaged, and the excellent elasticity of the elastic fibers is also reduced. In recent years, the novel disperse dye deep-dyeable iterative terylene-D at normal pressure and the novel low-temperature normal-pressure cationic dye deep-dyeable iterative terylene-C (NECPD) developed by the applicant create good conditions for energy conservation, emission reduction, low-temperature deep-dyeable and the like, and the low-temperature deep-dyeable parallel composite elastic fiber can be matched with the low-temperature deep-dyeable parallel composite elastic fiber to be used for weaving elastic fabrics. The invention has the significance that proper parallel composite bicomponent compatibility is selected, full color system chromatograms including black, dark brown, dark blue and the like can be obtained through double-component parallel composite spinning, disperse dyes or cationic dyes can be used for dyeing full color system chromatograms including black, dark brown, dark blue and the like at low temperature and normal pressure, and the dyeing fastness is excellent, so that the dyeing requirement of elastic fabrics blended or interwoven with natural fibers including cotton, wool, hemp, silk and the like and fibers which are not subjected to high temperature dyeing such as viscose fibers, chinlon chemical fibers and the like can be met, and the invention is also suitable for the blending or interweaving of novel disperse dyes, normal-pressure deeply-dyeable iterative terylene-D, low-temperature normal-pressure cationic dyes, polyester (ECDP), novel low-temperature normal-pressure cationic dyes, deeply-dyeable polyester (NECDP) or the low-temperature normal-pressure one-bath dyeing of elastic fabrics, so that the application field of the parallel composite elastic fibers is expanded.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to prepare the double-component parallel composite fiber with the spiral three-dimensional crimp structure and the permanent good elastic function, the two selected polymer components have good compatibility, which is a necessary condition for forming the parallel structure; the bicomponent constituting the side-by-side conjugate fiber should also have a large difference in thermal shrinkage; the section shape of the parallel composite fibers is dumbbell-shaped, which is beneficial to forming an optimal spiral three-dimensional curling structure; the side-by-side composite fiber can obtain the best elastic effect under the proper heat treatment condition. Wherein, if the bicomponent composing the parallel composite fiber has larger thermal shrinkage difference, proper bicomponent raw material compatibility and spinning-drawing-heat setting process conditions corresponding to the raw material performance must be selected. The prior similar two-component parallel composite fiber, such as PET/PTT two-component composite T-400 of Dupont company, PET adopting 2 types of different high and low characteristic viscosity numbers, PET/modified PET, PET/PBT and the like, has a great defect that no any two-component combination is separated from the PET, namely the PET component in the fiber has to be dyed at 130 ℃. Therefore, the application range of the two-component composite elastic fiber is limited, for example, when the two-component composite elastic fiber is applied to blended or interwoven elastic fabrics of cotton, wool, hemp, silk natural fibers, viscose fibers, nylon chemical fibers and other fibers which are not resistant to high temperature dyeing, or blended or interwoven elastic fabrics of novel disperse dyes, polyester-D fibers which can be deeply dyed at normal pressure, polyester (ECDP) fibers which can be dyed at low temperature and normal pressure, novel cationic dyes which can be deeply dyed at low temperature and normal pressure, and polyester-C fibers which can be dyed at low temperature and normal pressure, the PET component in the two-component composite elastic fiber can not be dyed and is exposed to white, and defects are brought to the quality of the fabrics.
In order to solve the problems, proper raw material compatibility for double-component parallel composite spinning needs to be synthesized again or selected, and three conditions need to be met: (1) the two components must have good compatibility; (2) In the spinning-drawing-shaping process, one of the two components has a high-orientation and crystalline supermolecular structure; while the other component should be in a potentially highly shrinkable supramolecular structure that is only highly oriented, but not yet crystallized or low crystallized. In the two components, the orientation degree f of the high-orientation and low-crystallization structure component is not less than 0.75, and the crystallinity Xc is not more than 40%; the orientation degree f of the low-orientation and high-crystallinity structural component is not more than 0.50, and the crystallinity Xc is not less than 46%. Thus, when the fiber is subjected to a heat treatment (for example, a wet heat dyeing process) again after being formed, the fiber is formed into a state having a permanent spiral three-dimensional crimp structure due to the difference in thermal shrinkage between the fiber and the fiber, and elasticity is imparted to the fiber; (3) The two components selected must be such that they can be dyed using disperse dyes or cationic dyes at low temperatures and pressures.
The raw material compatibility selected in the patent of the invention comprises copolyester HSPET with different relative molecular masses and poor structural regularity, which is prepared by taking terephthalic acid (PTA) and Ethylene Glycol (EG) as basic raw materials and adding a proper amount of isophthalic acid (IPA) with a meta-structure and/or neopentyl glycol (DTG) with a side group structure and/or cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM) and the like, and is characterized in that the crystallization temperature of a differential thermal analysis (DSC) curve exceeds 160 ℃, and a crystallization peak is flat and difficult to crystallize; PBT of high relative molecular mass; PTT of high relative molecular mass; cationic dyes of different relative molecular mass normally dyeable polyester (ECDP); novel disperse dyes with different relative molecular masses, normal pressure deep dyeable polyester (NEDDP), novel cationic dyes with different relative molecular masses, normal pressure deep dyeable polyester (NECDP) and the like.
On the basis of selecting the compatibility of the raw materials, a whole set of process conditions of spinning, drawing and heat setting must be set according to the relative molecular mass and the thermal property of different raw materials so as to endow two components of fibers of the parallel composite fiber with high-orientation, low-crystallization and high-orientation and high-crystallization supermolecular structures respectively.
The copolyester (HSPET) and the polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) for the high-shrinkage fiber, the polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), the novel disperse dye normal-pressure deep-dyeable polyester (NEDDP), the cationic dye normal-pressure dyeable polyester (ECDP), the novel cationic dye normal-pressure deep-dyeable polyester (NECDP) and the polyesters with different high and low intrinsic viscosity numbers are used as raw materials to be combined to form the parallel composite fiber, and the volume composition ratio of the two components can be selected from 35/65 to 65/35, and is preferably 50/50. The two polyester components are selected to be combined, a parallel melt composite spinning technology is adopted according to a certain proportion, parallel composite fibers are obtained through spinning, stretching and heat setting, the fibers are subjected to heat treatment again, the permanent spiral three-dimensional crimp structure elastic fibers can be obtained, the crimp number of the unit fiber length is increased, the crimp radius is reduced, and better elastic elongation and elastic recovery rate are shown. According to different selected raw material combinations, the melt spinning temperature can be controlled within the range of 265-295 ℃, the spinning speed is controlled within the range of 1,000-3,000 m/min, the drawing temperature is within the range of 60-100 ℃, the drawing multiple is 3.8-1.8 times, and the setting temperature is within the range of 90-170 ℃, and two components of the parallel composite fiber can be endowed with different orientation and crystallization structures by controlling a reasonable fiber forming processing technology.
The fiber after spinning, stretching and shaping is subjected to heat treatment again in a relaxed state, so that more excellent elastic elongation and elastic recovery performance can be obtained. The heat treatment may be a wet heat treatment in hot water or a dry heat treatment. The hot water treatment temperature is preferably 85-100 ℃, and the dyeing and finishing process of the fabric can be combined to finish the process. While too high or too low a heat treatment temperature may not result in optimal elastic elongation and elastic recovery. The elastic elongation of the fiber after heat treatment can reach 80-120%, and the elastic recovery rate is different according to different raw material compositions and is in the range of 82-94%; the fiber has better multiple-time stretching deformation resistant elastic recovery fatigue performance.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the slicing starting materials were HSPET with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.675dl/g, a melting point of 248 ℃ and PTT with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.91 dl/g, a melting point of 225 ℃. The 2 kinds of slices are pre-crystallized and dried, and then the parallel composite fiber is spun by a double-screw composite spinning machine. The diameters of the two screw rods are both 30mm, the length-diameter ratio is 25, the structure of a main box body and an auxiliary box body is disclosed, and a spinning spinneret is changed into 24 holes manufactured by 32399412412523. The volume composition ratio of the two components is 50/50, the temperature of a spinning box is 276 ℃, and the spinning speed is 1,000m/min. The winding silk is stretched and shaped on a flat drawing machine, the stretching temperature is 90 ℃, the stretching multiple is 3.8 times, and the shaping temperature is 150 ℃. The linear density of the finished fiber is 150dtex/48f, the breaking strength is 2.56cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 12 percent, and the cross section structure of the parallel composite fiber is dumbbell-shaped. After the fiber is soaked in hot water at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 30min, the elastic elongation is 92 percent, the elastic recovery rate is 88 percent, the number of curls is 17/10 cm, and the curl radius is 0.86mm. The fiber has better elastic recovery fatigue property of resisting multiple times of stretching deformation, the fiber after heat treatment is continuously stretched for 120 times (the stretching frequency is 1 time/min, the elongation is 25 percent), and the elastic recovery rate is more than 85 percent; continuously stretching for 60 times (stretching frequency of 0.5 times/min, elongation of 50%), and elastic recovery rate of more than 65%. Dyeing by using 5% (o.w.f) disperse blue dye at 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, wherein the color is darker at 110 ℃ than at 100 ℃, which shows that PTT is not deeply dyed at 100 ℃, and the PTT dyeing rate is improved at 110 ℃.
Example 2:
using a NEDDP having a cut starting material HSPET with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.625dl/g, melting point 248 ℃ and an intrinsic viscosity of 1.062 dl/g, melting point 245 ℃. The 2 kinds of slices are pre-crystallized and dried, and then the parallel composite fiber is spun by a double-screw composite spinning machine. The diameter of each screw is 30mm, the length-diameter ratio is 25, the main box body structure and the auxiliary box body structure are adopted, and a spinning spinneret is changed into 32399412523, which is manufactured with 24 holes, and the diameter of each spinneret hole is 0.25mm. The volume composition ratio of the two components is 50/50, the spinning temperature is 272 ℃, and the spinning speed is 1,700m/min. The winding silk is stretched and shaped on a flat drawing machine, the stretching temperature is 90 ℃, the stretching multiple is 3.0 times, and the shaping temperature is 145 ℃. The linear density of the finished fiber is 150dtex/48f, the breaking strength is 2.62cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 14 percent, and the cross-sectional structure of the parallel composite fiber is dumbbell-shaped. After the fiber is soaked in hot water at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 30min, the elastic elongation is 94 percent, the elastic recovery rate is 86 percent, the number of curls is 16/10 cm, and the curl radius is 0.82mm. Dyeing with 5% (o.w.f) disperse blue dye at 100 deg.C to obtain satisfactory dark color, dyeing fastness of six fibers is above 4 grade, and uniform dyeing is observed under optical microscope without exposing white.
Example 3:
two kinds of NEDDP with intrinsic viscosity numbers of 0.503 dl/g and 1.21dl/g are used as raw materials, 2 kinds of slices are subjected to continuous pre-crystallization and drying on a drying machine, and the water content of the slices is 31ppm. And then spinning the FDY parallel composite fiber by using a double-screw composite spinning machine. The screw diameter is 65mm, draw ratio 25, main, vice double-box structure, and the spinning spinneret is 32 holes, and the spinneret diameter is 0.25mm. Selecting the volume ratio of the two components as 50/50, the spinning temperature as 282 ℃, the temperature of a first hot roller (DR 1) as 80 ℃ and the speed as 1650m/min; the temperature of the second hot roller (DR 2) is 140 ℃, and the speed is 4700m/min; the winding speed was 4660m/min. The linear density of the finished product fiber is 50d/32f, the breaking strength is 3.15cN/dt, the elongation at break is 22.6%, the boiling water shrinkage is 12.0%, the elastic elongation is 73.5%, and the cross section structure of the parallel composite fiber is in a dumbbell shape. The elastic elongation of the fiber after being soaked in hot water at 88 ℃ for 30min in a loose way is 93 percent, and the elastic recovery rate is 94 percent. Dyeing with 5% (o.w.f) disperse red, disperse yellow, disperse blue and disperse black dyes at 100 deg.C to obtain satisfactory dark color, dyeing fastness of six fibers is above grade 4, and uniform dyeing is observed under optical microscope without exposing white.
Example 4:
the fibers spun in example 3 and 75D/72f iterative terylene-D are interlaced into weft knitting knitted fabrics at intervals by a 48-needle circular mesh knitting machine. And then, an overflow dyeing machine is adopted, 5% (o.w.f) disperse blue dye is used, the dyeing is controlled at the temperature of 98 ℃ for 40min, and then the blue elastic fabric is obtained through reduction cleaning, washing and drying, wherein the staining fastness of the six fibers is above grade 4. No white exposure was observed under an optical microscope.
Example 5:
two kinds of ECDP with intrinsic viscosity of 0.481 dl/g and 0.832dl/g are used as raw materials, and 2 kinds of slices are pre-crystallized and dried. And then spinning the FDY parallel composite fiber by using a double-screw composite spinning machine. The screw diameter is 30mm, draw ratio 25, and main, vice double box structure, spinning spinneret is 24 holes, and spinneret hole diameter is 0.25mm. The volume ratio of the two components is 50/50, the spinning temperature is 284 ℃, and the winding speed is 1350m/min. The winding silk is stretched and shaped on a flat drawing machine, the stretching temperature is 90 ℃, the stretching multiple is 3.1 times, and the shaping temperature is 146 ℃. The linear density of the finished fiber is 148dtex/48f, the breaking strength is 2.13cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 15 percent, and the cross-sectional structure of the parallel composite fiber is dumbbell-shaped. After the fiber is soaked in hot water at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 30min, the elastic elongation is 91 percent, the elastic recovery rate is 88 percent, the number of curls is 16/10 cm, and the curl radius is 0.84mm. Dyeing with 3.0% (o.w.f) cationic brilliant blue dye at 100 deg.C to obtain satisfactory dark color, dyeing fastness of six fibers is above 4 grade, and dyeing is uniform under optical microscope without white exposure.
Comparative example 1:
the linear density of the commercial parallel bi-component composite fiber taking PET/PTT as raw material is 100d/36f, the breaking strength is 3.23 cN/dt, the elongation at break is 32.8 percent, and the boiling water shrinkage is 9.2 percent. The other parallel bicomponent composite fiber made of the same raw materials has the linear density of 75d/36f, the breaking strength of 3.0 cN/dt, the elongation at break of 24.6 percent, the boiling water shrinkage of 10.29 percent, the shrinkage elongation of 168 percent, the shrinkage elastic recovery of 94.48 percent and good physical and mechanical properties. The dye was stained with 5% (o.w.f) disperse blue dye at 100 ℃ and observed under an optical microscope to have blue and white colors, in which the PET portion was not stained. The temperature is continuously increased to 125 ℃ for dyeing, and no white exposure is observed under an optical microscope.
Comparative example 2:
the commercial parallel bi-component composite fiber taking PET/PBT as a raw material has the linear density of 75d/48f, the breaking strength of 3.23 cN/dt, the elongation at break of 30.2 percent and the boiling water shrinkage of 7.4 percent. The other parallel bicomponent composite fiber with the same raw material has the linear density of 75d/36f, the breaking strength of 3.2 cN/dt, the elongation at break of 25.8 percent, the shrinkage in boiling water of 9.15 percent, the shrinkage elongation of 161 percent, the shrinkage elasticity recovery of 92.15 percent and good physical and mechanical properties. The staining with 5% (o.w.f) disperse blue dye at 100 ℃ exhibited blue and white dichroism observed under an optical microscope, wherein the PET portion was not stained. The temperature is further raised to 130 ℃ for dyeing, and the full dyeing blue effect is obtained.
Comparative example 3:
the commercial parallel bi-component composite fiber taking different high-viscosity and low-viscosity PET/PET as raw materials has the advantages of 75d/36f linear density, 3.62 cN/dt breaking strength, 28.9% elongation at break, 9.5% shrinkage in boiling water and good physical and mechanical properties. Dyeing with 4% (o.w.f) disperse blue dye at 100 ℃ can not basically dye, and only slightly stains. Continuously raising the temperature to 130 ℃ for dyeing, and keeping for 40min to obtain the medium dark blue effect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The bi-component composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure is characterized by comprising two components with good compatibility, wherein the bi-component is two copolyesters or polyester capable of being dyed at low temperature respectively, and the bi-component composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure is prepared by the spinning-stretching-shaping process and the heat treatment process of the two components.
2. The bi-component elastic conjugate fiber dyeable at low temperature and atmospheric pressure according to claim 1, wherein the bi-component elastic conjugate fiber comprises a novel disperse dye polyester dyeable at atmospheric pressure (NEDDP), a copolyester for high shrinkage fiber (HSPET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), a polyester dyeable at low temperature and atmospheric pressure (ECDP), a novel polyester dyeable at low temperature and atmospheric pressure (NECDP) and several copolyesters with different high and low intrinsic viscosity numbers, and the intrinsic viscosity number of the copolyester measured by a conventional test method can be 0.48 dl-g -1 ~1.25 dl·g -1 And selecting within the range.
3. The bicomponent composite elastic fiber dyeable at low temperature and normal pressure according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the two components is (35) - (65): 50.
4. a method for preparing the bi-component composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the two components are spun, stretched and shaped by a melt parallel composite spinning device to obtain parallel composite fibers;
the parallel composite fiber is subjected to damp-heat or dry-heat treatment again to obtain the bi-component composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure.
5. The method for preparing bi-component elastic conjugate fiber capable of being dyed under low temperature and normal pressure according to claim 4, wherein the spinning-drawing-sizing process can be a low-speed spinning-high-power drawing-sizing process, or a one-step FDY process of high-speed spinning-low-power drawing-sizing process or a two-step UDY-DT process.
6. The method for preparing the bicomponent composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed under low temperature and normal pressure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the spinning temperature is controlled within 265 to 295 ℃, and the spinning speed is controlled within 1000 to 3000m/min.
7. The method for preparing the bi-component composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure according to claim 4, wherein the stretching temperature is controlled to be 60-100 ℃, the stretching multiple is 3.8-1.8 times, and the setting temperature is controlled to be 90-170 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the bicomponent composite elastic fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure according to claim 4, wherein the hot water treatment temperature is controlled to be 80 to 100 ℃ in the damp heat treatment, the elastic elongation of the fiber after the heat treatment is 80 to 120 percent, and the elastic recovery rate is 82 to 94 percent.
9. The method for preparing the bi-component elastic conjugate fiber dyeable at low temperature and normal pressure according to claim 4, wherein the bi-component elastic conjugate fiber dyeable at low temperature and normal pressure is capable of being deep-dyed to full-color system color spectrum including black, dark brown and navy blue at normal pressure and low temperature below 100 ℃ by using disperse dyes or cationic dyes, and has a color fastness of 4 grade or more.
10. The method for preparing the bi-component elastic composite fiber capable of being dyed at low temperature and normal pressure according to claim 4, wherein the cross-sectional structure of the side-by-side composite fiber is controlled to be dumbbell-shaped, so that better elasticity can be obtained.
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