CN115607759B - 一种血液氧合器 - Google Patents

一种血液氧合器 Download PDF

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CN115607759B
CN115607759B CN202211341332.7A CN202211341332A CN115607759B CN 115607759 B CN115607759 B CN 115607759B CN 202211341332 A CN202211341332 A CN 202211341332A CN 115607759 B CN115607759 B CN 115607759B
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CN115607759A (zh
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陈增胜
樊瑜波
邓小燕
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Beihang University
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Abstract

本发明公开一种血液氧合器，涉及医疗器械技术领域，包括进血腔室和外壳，外壳中设置有中空腔，中空腔包括换热区和血氧交换区；换热区中设置有若干换热丝，换热丝中设置有水流通道，水流通道一端与进水腔连通、另一端与出水腔连通；血氧交换区中设置有若干中空纤维膜丝，中空纤维膜丝一端与进气腔连通、另一端与出气腔连通；进血腔室包括倒锥形侧壁和与倒锥形侧壁一端开口密封连接的端面，倒锥形侧壁的另一端开口与外壳的一端密封连接，外壳的另一端密封连接有罩体，罩体上设置有血液出口；端面上设置有一与进血腔室同轴的螺旋形进液管。本发明的血液氧合器的血液流场均匀，气血交换效率高，血流流过阻力低，不存在流动死区，不易发生血栓现象。

Description

一种血液氧合器
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，特别是涉及一种血液氧合器。
背景技术
肺相关疾病严重威胁着人类健康。对于很多肺急性或严重衰竭病人，常规药物治疗无效，采用体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)是一种最有效的治疗方法，能为病人抢救、肺功能恢复或者等待肺移植患者争取宝贵的时间。体外膜肺氧合系统中包含一个氧合器，也叫人工肺或膜肺，该氧合器能替代的肺的功能进行血氧交换，将氧气转移至静脉血，并将二氧化碳从静脉血中带走，最终实现静脉血变动脉血的目的。
目前临床上所用血液氧合器通常是中空纤维膜式氧合器，通常由中空纤维细丝通过交叉重叠组成中空纤维束，工作时，氧气在纤维膜里面流动，而血液在纤维膜外面流动，氧气分子从纤维膜里面扩散到血液中进行血液氧合，血液中的二氧化碳分子通过纤维膜扩散到纤维膜里被带走，血液流通路径直接影响氧合器的功效。氧合器的构型决定了氧合器中的血流路径与流场分布。对氧合器中的血流路径进行优化，获得良好的血流动力学环境，对于氧合器高效工作，减少血栓等并发症十分重要。如果血液在氧合器中发生流动扰动，流动滞留，流动回流死区等，很容易引起血栓的发生，影响氧合器气血交换、热交换等功效，威胁患者健康。
目前商用氧合器在构型上还存在很多问题，比如存在血流在氧合器内部中空纤维膜丝表面分布不均匀，存在较大流动死区，血流流过氧合器阻力大等很多问题。这些问题导致了膜式氧合器长期使用容易引起凝血因子长期滞留，导致发生血栓，气血交换效率下降，影响患者康复的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种血液氧合器，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，改善膜式氧合器的血流流路和气路，避免因发生血栓而造成氧合器气血交换效率下降。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：本发明提供一种血液氧合器，包括进血腔室和圆柱形的外壳，所述外壳中设置有与所述外壳同轴的中空腔，所述中空腔包括沿所述外壳的轴向依次分布的换热区和血氧交换区；
所述换热区中设置有若干换热丝，所述换热丝中设置有水流通道，所述水流通道一端与进水腔连通、另一端与出水腔连通；所述血氧交换区中设置有若干中空纤维膜丝，所述中空纤维膜丝一端与进气腔连通、另一端与出气腔连通；
所述进血腔室包括倒锥形侧壁和端面，所述端面为一锥形体，所述锥形体与所述外壳同轴，所述锥形体的侧面光滑，且所述锥形体的顶点较所述锥形体的底面更靠近所述换热区；所述倒锥形侧壁较小的开口端的边缘与所述端面的边缘密封连接，所述倒锥形侧壁的另一端开口与所述外壳的一端密封连接，所述外壳的另一端密封连接有罩体，所述罩体上设置有血液出口，所述进血腔室和所述罩体都与所述中空腔相通；
所述端面上设置有一与所述进血腔室同轴的螺旋形进液管，所述螺旋形进液管一端与所述进血腔室相通、另一端与进血管连通；所述换热丝和所述中空纤维膜丝的长度方向都与所述外壳的轴向垂直；所述进水腔、所述出水腔、所述进气腔及所述出气腔两两相互隔绝。
优选的，所述进水腔、所述出水腔、所述进气腔及所述出气腔都设置在所述外壳中。
优选的，所述进水腔、所述出水腔、所述进气腔及所述出气腔都呈半环状，所述进水腔和所述出水腔都位于所述换热区外且都与所述换热区持平，所述进气腔和所述出气腔都位于所述血氧交换区外且都与所述血氧交换区持平。
优选的，所述进水腔和所述出水腔通过隔板相隔，所述进气腔和所述出气腔通过隔板相隔。
优选的，所述罩体呈半球形，所述罩体的内腔为血液出口缓冲区；所述换热区较所述血氧交换区更靠近所述进血腔室。
优选的，所述换热丝为多个，多个所述换热丝分多层分布，且全部所述换热丝分为两个或两个以上的方向分布。
优选的，所述中空纤维膜丝为多个，多个所述中空纤维膜丝分多层分布，且全部所述中空纤维膜丝分为两个或两个以上的方向分布。
优选的，所述换热丝的材料为塑料。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下技术效果：
本发明的血液氧合器的血液流场均匀，不存在流动死区，不易发生血栓现象，从而能够避免因发生血栓而造成氧合器气血交换效率下降。本发明的血液氧合器中设置有螺旋形进液管，血液通过螺旋形进液管后能够围绕锥形体旋转并缓慢释放，进入进血腔室中，然后再进入换热区和血氧交换区，由于血液的流动方向与换热区和血氧交换区垂直，流场均匀，且没有血流扰动死区，能够降低血流流过阻力，避免血栓的产生，提升气血交换效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明血液氧合器的结构示意图；
图2为本发明血液氧合器的结构示意图；
图3为本发明血液氧合器的剖视图；
图4为本发明血液氧合器的剖视图；
其中，1、进血管；2、螺旋形进液管；3、倒锥形侧壁；4、外壳；5、进气口；6、出气口；7、罩体；8、血液出口；9、锥形体；10、进水口；11、出水口；12、进水腔；13、出水腔；14、换热区；15、进气腔；16、出气腔；17、血氧交换区；18、隔板。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种血液氧合器，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，改善膜式氧合器的血流流路和气路，避免因发生血栓而造成氧合器气血交换效率下降。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1至图4所示，本实施例提供一种血液氧合器，包括进血腔室、呈半球形的罩体7和圆柱形的外壳4，外壳4中设置有与外壳4同轴的中空腔，中空腔沿外壳4的轴向由下至上依次分为换热区14和血氧交换区17。
进血腔室包括倒锥形侧壁3和端面，倒锥形侧壁3和端面，端面为一锥形体9，锥形体9与外壳4同轴，锥形体9的侧面光滑，且锥形体9的顶点较锥形体9的底面更靠近换热区14；倒锥形侧壁3较小的开口端的边缘与端面的边缘密封连接，倒锥形侧壁3的另一端开口与外壳4的底端密封连接，且进血腔室与换热区14远离血氧交换区17的一端相通。
锥形体9的侧面设置为光滑曲面，目的在于避免血液绕锥形体9旋转流动时发生血流扰动，保证血液流动的平稳和均匀性。于本实施例中，呈锥形体9的端面可以理解为由一弧线绕外壳4的轴线旋转一周所形成的，以使得锥形体9的侧面呈弧状凹面，且锥形体9的顶部呈半球状，如此设置，能够使得血液平稳、均匀地分布在进血腔室中。
端面上设置有一与进血腔室同轴的螺旋形进液管2，螺旋形进液管2一端与进血腔室相通、另一端与进血管1连通，进血管1为直管，且进血管1的长度方向与螺旋形进液管2相切；静脉血液通过进血管1流入螺旋形进液管2中，并经螺旋形进液管2后旋转地流入进血腔室中。
换热区14中设置有多个换热丝，多个换热丝在换热区14中分为多层分布，换热丝中设置有水流通道，即换热丝呈管状；上述水流通道一端与进水腔12连通、另一端与出水腔13连通；进水腔12和出水腔13都呈半环状，进水腔12和出水腔13都设置在外壳4中、位于换热区14外且都与换热区14持平，换热区14位于进水腔12和出水腔13之间，进水腔12和出水腔13通过隔板(图中未示出)相隔；进水腔12上设置有进水口10，出水腔13上设置有出水口11，通过进水口10在进水腔12中通入水，进水腔12中的水流入换热丝中的水流通道，经过水流通道后流入出水腔13；当静脉血液在换热区14流动时，所有的换热丝相当于浸泡在静脉血液中，换热丝的外壁与静脉血液接触，静脉血液与换热丝中的水流通道中的水进行换热，从而使得换热区14中的静脉血液被加热或被降温，实现对静脉血液的温度调节。
换热丝的材料为生物相容性塑料，如：聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。需要说明的是，全部换热丝分为两个或两个以上的方向分布。即进水腔12中的水通过换热丝由多个方向进入出水腔13，这样设置能够提高加热的均匀性。
血氧交换区17中设置有多个中空纤维膜丝，多个中空纤维膜丝分多层分布，中空纤维膜丝中设置有气流通道，即中空纤维膜丝呈管状，气流通道一端与进气腔15连通、另一端与出气腔16连通。进气腔15和出气腔16都呈半环状，进气腔15和出气腔16都设置在外壳4中、位于血氧交换区17外且都与血氧交换区17持平。进气腔15和出气腔16通过隔板18相隔。进气腔15的顶部设置有进气口5，出气腔16的顶部设置有出气口6，氧气通过进气口5进入进气腔15中，进气腔15中的氧气流入中空纤维膜丝中的气流通道中，血液在血氧交换区17流动但位于中空纤维膜丝外，中空纤维膜丝内部高浓度氧气分子会往静脉血液中扩散，静脉血液中的二氧化碳往中空纤维膜丝中孔扩散被带走，这样就实现血氧交换、二氧化碳清除等气血交换功能，将静脉血变为动脉血。
于本实施例中，换热丝和中空纤维膜丝的长度方向都与外壳4的轴向垂直；进水腔12、出水腔13、进气腔15及出气腔16两两相互隔绝。
外壳4的顶端与罩体7的开口端密封连接，罩体7上设置有血液出口8，进血腔室和罩体7都与外壳4中的中空腔相通。罩体7的内腔为血液出口缓冲区，罩体7的内腔即罩体7所罩起来的腔体，罩体7的内腔是与血氧交换区17相通的；血液从血氧交换区17流入到血液出口缓冲区，并在血液出口缓冲区缓冲后，经血液出口8流出，泵入人体血管内。
需要说明的是，全部中空纤维膜丝分为两个或两个以上的方向分布；即进气腔15中的气体通过中空纤维膜丝由多个方向进入出气腔16，这样设置能够提高血氧交换的均匀性。
本发明中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (8)

1.一种血液氧合器，其特征在于：包括进血腔室和圆柱形的外壳，所述外壳中设置有与所述外壳同轴的中空腔，所述中空腔包括沿所述外壳的轴向依次分布的换热区和血氧交换区；
所述换热区中设置有若干换热丝，所述换热丝中设置有水流通道，所述水流通道一端与进水腔连通、另一端与出水腔连通；所述血氧交换区中设置有若干中空纤维膜丝，所述中空纤维膜丝一端与进气腔连通、另一端与出气腔连通；
所述进血腔室包括倒锥形侧壁和端面，所述端面为一锥形体，所述锥形体与所述外壳同轴，所述锥形体的侧面光滑，且所述锥形体的顶点较所述锥形体的底面更靠近所述换热区；所述倒锥形侧壁较小的开口端的边缘与所述端面的边缘密封连接，所述倒锥形侧壁的另一端开口与所述外壳的一端密封连接，所述外壳的另一端密封连接有罩体，所述罩体上设置有血液出口，所述进血腔室和所述罩体都与所述中空腔相通；
所述端面上设置有一与所述进血腔室同轴的螺旋形进液管，所述螺旋形进液管一端与所述进血腔室相通、另一端与进血管连通；所述换热丝和所述中空纤维膜丝的长度方向都与所述外壳的轴向垂直；所述进水腔、所述出水腔、所述进气腔及所述出气腔两两相互隔绝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的血液氧合器，其特征在于：所述进水腔、所述出水腔、所述进气腔及所述出气腔都设置在所述外壳中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的血液氧合器，其特征在于：所述进水腔、所述出水腔、所述进气腔及所述出气腔都呈半环状，所述进水腔和所述出水腔都位于所述换热区外且都与所述换热区持平，所述进气腔和所述出气腔都位于所述血氧交换区外且都与所述血氧交换区持平。
4.根据权利要求3所述的血液氧合器，其特征在于：所述进水腔和所述出水腔通过隔板相隔，所述进气腔和所述出气腔通过隔板相隔。
5.根据权利要求1所述的血液氧合器，其特征在于：所述罩体呈半球形，所述罩体的内腔为血液出口缓冲区；所述换热区较所述血氧交换区更靠近所述进血腔室。
6.根据权利要求1所述的血液氧合器，其特征在于：所述换热丝为多个，多个所述换热丝分多层分布，且全部所述换热丝分为两个或两个以上的方向分布。
7.根据权利要求1所述的血液氧合器，其特征在于：所述中空纤维膜丝为多个，多个所述中空纤维膜丝分多层分布，且全部所述中空纤维膜丝分为两个或两个以上的方向分布。
8.根据权利要求1所述的血液氧合器，其特征在于：所述换热丝的材料为塑料。
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