CN115598736A - Method for determining desserts of shale and compact oil-gas horizontal well based on rock debris - Google Patents
Method for determining desserts of shale and compact oil-gas horizontal well based on rock debris Download PDFInfo
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- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of shale and compact oil-gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a method for determining desserts based on rock debris for a shale and compact oil-gas horizontal well, which comprises the following steps: selecting at least one vertical well around the vertical well according to the target well position, and obtaining a rock core containing a dessert well section in the vertical well; carrying out resin sample preparation on the rock core; scanning the prepared resin samples in batches to obtain various mineral data of the vertical well dessert well section; establishing a profile of the straight well section, and determining the discrimination standard of the sweet spot well section and the non-sweet spot well section; sampling the rock debris at the target well position, and manufacturing a resin sample; scanning the resin sample to obtain various mineral data of the target well rock debris; a sweet spot location for the target well is determined. The drilling rate of the shale and compact oil-gas horizontal well reaches 100%, the drilling construction period is greatly shortened, and the exploration and development cost is reduced; providing basis for the subsequent horizontal well subsection clustering and providing construction basis for the later fracturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shale and compact oil-gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a method for determining desserts based on rock debris in a shale and compact oil-gas horizontal well.
Background
With the continuous decrease of the yield of conventional oil gas at home and abroad, the exploration concept is gradually changed and innovated, unconventional oil gas becomes the resource replacement field and makes a series of breakthroughs, and the petroleum resources in shale and compact oil gas strata series are widely concerned due to the rapid development of the exploration and development of the shale and compact oil gas. At present, newly developed oil fields have the characteristics of low reserve abundance and low single-well yield, benefit development is more difficult, and new fields, new types and new methods need to be searched.
At present, the reservoir dessert fine evaluation of a conventional well mainly depends on data such as a rock core and a logging model, the rock core experiment parameters provide first-hand underground data, key parameters are provided for a logging interpretation model, the interpretation accuracy of the logging model is improved, and a logging curve has advantages in continuity. However, in the process of determining the sweet spot in the development of shale and compact oil and gas reservoirs, the above means face the following problems:
1. reservoir coring is used as first-hand data, laboratory research on the reservoir coring is carried out, and fine evaluation on the reservoir coring is of great importance, but for shale and compact oil-gas horizontal wells, a plurality of restriction conditions limit large-scale coring test and analysis. Firstly, the experimental coring process based on the rock core is complex and high in cost, and meanwhile, coring drilling has influence on the stability of the well wall. Secondly, the requirement on the quality of the rock core is high, repeated experiments cannot be carried out, and the requirements on the depth section of laboratory analysis are met due to the influence of the quantity of the rock core, so that various characteristic parameters of the whole reservoir section cannot be accurately evaluated. Finally, compared with a conventional core fluidity experiment, the shale core test period is long, the time consumed by the reservoir core experiment is as long as several times, the experiment difficulty is high, the conventional method for evaluating the pore permeability and pore throat structure parameters is difficult to develop in time, the rapid evaluation of the drilled reservoir is not facilitated, and the accuracy of the subsequent development and design work is influenced.
2. The conventional logging has a plurality of data in the exploration and development stage of an oil field, generally comprises density logging, neutron logging, acoustic logging, resistivity logging, natural gamma logging, borehole diameter logging, natural potential logging and the like, contains information such as lithology, physical property, conductivity, oil content and the like of a reservoir, and has irreplaceable effects in reservoir identification and dessert evaluation; compared with conventional well logging, the special well logging adopts a new method and theory, has stronger pertinence, higher resolution and better practicability, and comprises array acoustic wave imaging well logging, cross dipole transverse wave well logging, micro-resistivity scanning imaging well logging, nuclear magnetic resonance well logging, natural gamma energy spectrum well logging, lithology scanning well logging and the like. And shale reservoir development is mostly carried out in a horizontal well fracturing mode, and compared with the conventional oil well, the shale and compact oil-gas horizontal well has obvious difference. The shale and compact oil and gas horizontal well is affected by problems of difficulty in well descending of a logging tool, tool eccentricity caused by gravity and the like, and a conventional logging means has certain limitation, so that accurate evaluation of pore structure parameters and rock mechanics parameters of the shale and compact oil and gas reservoir is directly affected, and the accuracy of reservoir dessert evaluation is further reduced.
Natural gamma and resistivity curves measured in real time by LWD (logging while drilling) and MWD (measurement while drilling) in a conventional horizontal well can determine landing points for field geosteering personnel, judge the position of a hydrocarbon reservoir and predict the upper and lower interfaces of the hydrocarbon reservoir to provide real-time logging curves; well deviation, azimuth and tool face value can provide basis for directional well engineers to adjust drilling parameters, ensure target hitting and make the track meet geological requirements.
However, in shale and compact reservoirs, because of the characteristics of low porosity, low permeability and the like, in order to increase the recovery efficiency, the current development basically takes a horizontal well as a main part, so the dessert drilling rate of the horizontal well reservoir directly influences the development degree and the effect. At present, LWD/MWD logging while drilling can only provide some conventional logging curves including natural gamma, resistivity and the like on a drilling site, but because the lithology and physical properties of a shale and a compact oil and gas block are complex, the LWD/MWD logging while drilling has no obvious change characteristics on the conventional logging curves, cannot visually and timely reflect rock stratum information, and has no quantitative parameters to guide site track adjustment, which is the difficulty encountered by logging while drilling in shale and compact oil and gas horizontal wells.
In order to effectively solve the problems and ensure the accuracy of subsequent exploration and development of shale and dense oil gas, a new method is needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for determining a sweet spot of a shale and compact oil-gas horizontal well based on rock debris.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of determining sweet spots based on cuttings for shale, tight oil and gas horizontal wells, comprising:
s1, selecting at least one vertical well around according to a target well position, and obtaining a rock core containing a dessert well section in the vertical well; preparing a resin sample from the rock core;
s2, scanning the resin samples prepared in the step S1 in batch to obtain various mineral data of the vertical well dessert well section, wherein the mineral data comprises mineral types and contents (mass percentage);
s3, determining the discrimination standard of the dessert layer and the non-dessert layer according to the known characteristic parameters of the vertical well dessert well section, and establishing a typical section for dividing the dessert;
s4, sampling rock debris at the target well position, and manufacturing a resin sample;
s5, scanning the resin sample in the step S4 to obtain various mineral data of the target well rock debris, wherein the mineral data comprise mineral types and contents;
and S6, comparing the mineral data obtained in the step S5 with the judgment standard in the step S3, and determining the dessert layer of the target well.
Further, the criteria for discriminating between sweet-spot and non-sweet-spot layers are:
less than or equal to 50, being a non-dessert layer; 50 < (R) >Less than or equal to 60, is a type III dessert layer, and is more than 60Less than or equal to 80, and is a type II dessert layer; 100 is not less thanMore than 80, is a type I dessert layer; wherein, the oil storage content in the reservoir is representedThe calculating method comprises the following steps:
xwhich is an expression of the degree of porosity,ywhich is indicative of the index of brittleness,represents the individual mineral content of the non-carbonate mineral, in mass percent, z represents the individual mineral content belonging to the carbonate mineral, in mass percent,、、is a constant number of times, and is,is a constant number of times, wherein,nthe value is 2.
Further, the specific method of step S1 is: selecting at least one vertical well in a shale oil research area according to a target well position, obtaining a core sample containing a dessert well section in the vertical well section, and cutting and pouring a plurality of resin samples with well number depth and well depth direction from shallow to deep.
Further, in step S2, scanning is performed using a MaipSCAN automatic mineral identification system.
Further, the characteristic parameters in the step S3 include characteristic mineral content, porosity and brittleness index.
Further, the specific method for establishing the straight well section profile in the step S3 is as follows: and (3) comparing the logging data of the straight well section with the mineral data obtained in the step (S2), comparing the trend conformity of a flushing resistivity RXO curve, a natural gamma GR curve and a density DEN curve in the logging data with the mineral data curve, determining characteristic minerals divided by the rock stratum according to the conformity, and dividing the core well section of the straight well into 12 sections along the depth direction according to the relative content of the minerals in the rock stratum.
Furthermore, determining the identification characteristics of the target layer dessert well section according to the mineral parameters, physical parameters and rock mechanical parameters of the dessert well section of the vertical well; firstly, analyzing and counting the porosity and the brittleness index, then analyzing and counting the characteristic minerals, and finally determining the identification characteristics of the dessert well section.
Further, the concrete method for sampling rock debris in step S4 is as follows: and determining a target entering point, drilling to the target entering point by using a drill bit, and taking rock debris samples according to field logging sampling intervals at the deflecting section part of the target entering point drilled by the drill bit.
Further, step S6 includes determining that the horizontal segment of the target well is in the target zone according to the mineral data obtained in step S5 and the characteristic parameters in step S3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the well section profile of the straight well section and the discrimination standard of the dessert well section are determined through the data of the straight well section, mineral data of a target well position are obtained, and then the target well can be guided to accurately reach a target layer by means of the well section profile of the straight well section, and the dessert well section is accurately positioned; the drilling rate of the shale and compact oil-gas horizontal well reaches 100%, the single horizontal well saves at least one logging time (120 hours), the drilling construction period is greatly shortened, and the exploration and development cost is reduced; providing a basis for the subsequent horizontal well subsection clustering and providing a construction basis for the later fracturing.
Compared with the exploration and development of shale and compact oil and gas wells in the prior art, the core sampling cost is high, the horizontal well is difficult to sample, the core sampling is avoided, a rock debris sampling mode is adopted, the sampling is simple and easy to obtain, and the cost is extremely low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing a log data curve and a mineral data curve of a straight well section in an example.
FIG. 2 is a chart of a small interval of a vertical core interval.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the subdivision of a horizontal well.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a horizontal well destination.
Figure 5 is a graph of data for water saturation (Sw) and oil saturation (So) in the high quality dessert layer for the vertical well of the example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The scanning system adopted in the embodiment is a MaipSCAN automatic mineral identification system, and comprises a Beijing Boyuan micro-nano technology small ion radiation meter ETD-800C, a Zeiss EVO10 electron microscope, a Bruker electric refrigeration energy spectrometer XFlash6|60 and Chicosupposition institute of physics analysis software.
Firstly, taking a core sample of a straight well section in a shale oil research area, wherein the core sample is 30m long and comprises a dessert well section; according to the shallow-to-deep direction, 404 resin samples with the well number depth and the well depth direction are cut and poured, and the specifications of the resin samples are as follows: the length is 100mm, the width is 25mm, and the thickness is 14mm.
And (3) performing electron microscope scanning and energy spectrum quantitative analysis on the prepared core sample by using a MaipSCAN automatic mineral identification system to obtain data such as mineral parameters, physical parameters, rock mechanical parameters and the like of the sample. According to the obtained sample mineral data, the accuracy of the mineral data is verified by referring to logging (stratum layering) data of a vertical well (flushing zone resistivity RXO, natural gamma GR and density DEN). Then, by comparing logging data and mineral data of a straight well section, as shown in fig. 1, the trend conformity of a flushing resistivity RXO curve and a dolomite relative content curve in the logging data is highest, the trend conformity of a natural gamma GR curve and a potassium feldspar relative content curve is high, the trend conformity of a logging density DEN curve and an plagioclase feldspar relative content curve is high, and three minerals of the dolomite, the potassium feldspar and the plagioclase feldspar are determined as characteristic minerals for rock stratum division. In order to distinguish well sections with different mineral contents, the core well section is divided into 12 sections of small layers according to the relative content change of the characteristic minerals in lithology nomenclature, as shown in figure 2.
Calculating the oil storage content characterization value in the reservoir according to the following formulaValue of,
xwhich is an indication of the degree of porosity,ywhich is indicative of the index of brittleness,represents the single mineral content of the non-carbonate mineral, and z represents the genusAccording to the mass percentage of the single mineral content of the carbonate mineral,、、is a constant number of times, and is,is a constant number of times, wherein,nthe value is 2.
In this embodiment, the constant coefficient is calculated by:
computing: by combining the laboratory data analysis data of the high-quality dessert layer core (as shown in fig. 5), when the porosity exceeds 12%, the oil saturation is obviously increased, and the value of the porosity value is determined to be more than or equal to 12%; meanwhile, the output has an obvious relation with the permeability of a reservoir, and the average maximum mercury inlet saturation of the porosity value of more than or equal to 12 percent is 70 percent by combining a laboratory core mercury intrusion test, wherein the average maximum mercury inlet saturation represents that 30 percent of pores are not communicated. Therefore get
Computing: the actual oil production is related to subsequent exploration and development, mainly refers to fracturing to reform a reservoir, and the reforming result is related to rock brittleness.= interbed minimum brittleness index/pay zone average brittleness index, wherein interbed minimum brittleness index refers to the minimum brittleness index of the interbed zone of the vertical well and pay zone average brittleness index refers to the pay zone of the vertical wellThe average brittleness index of the oil layer is obtained by the prior art.
、All are mineral content coefficients, the constant of the potassium feldspar term in the examples herein is the degree of fit (R) of the potassium feldspar content to the natural gamma curve of the well log 2 Value), the constant of the plagioclase term is the degree of fitting (R) of the plagioclase content to the nuclear magnetic porosity of the well log 2 Value), the constant of the dolomite term is the degree of fitting (R) of the dolomite content to the logging resistivity curve 2 Value). This is derived from the data in FIG. 1:,,。
wherein,xwhich is an indication of the degree of porosity,ywhich is an index of brittleness, is shown,the content of the potassium feldspar is shown,the content of plagioclase is shown,representing the dolomite content. The discrimination criteria according to the dessert layer and the non-dessert layer are:less than or equal to 50, is a non-dessert layer; 50 < (r) >, ofLess than or equal to 60, is a type III dessert layer (dessert layer with development value between the general dessert layer and the interlayer), and 60 is less thanLess than or equal to 80, which is a type II dessert layer (a common dessert layer); 100 ≥More than 80, is a type I dessert layer (high-quality dessert layer).
According to the well section of the dessert known for this area (B in figure 2) 2 Well section), mineral property parameters, physical property parameters and rock mechanical parameters, as shown in table 1, mineral property characteristics are summarized, identification characteristics of a dessert well section of a target layer in the area are screened out, the accuracy of the formula is verified through data in table 1, layers 4, 6 and 8 in table 1 are all high-quality dessert layers, and parameters such as porosity, brittleness index and mineral content of each group are substituted into the high-quality dessert layersIn the calculation formula (c), obtainedThe value is between 80 and 100, i.e. representsThe accuracy of the calculation formula is high.
TABLE 1 vertical well dessert characteristic data sheet
After the judgment standard of the dessert well section is determined, monitoring the target well, and drawing the detection data of the horizontal well into a horizontal well data graph in real time, wherein the target layer is accurately entered, rock debris samples are taken at the deviation section part of the drill bit drilled to the target point, a packet of rock debris is taken at intervals of 2m generally, the rock debris is sampled to obtain resin rock debris samples, and the resin rock debris samples are scanned by adopting a MaipSCAN automatic mineral identification system. Comparing the real-time horizontal well data diagram with the vertical well data diagram, finding that a well section with high content of potassium feldspar and high content of dolomite appears at the position of 3868 m-3872 m of the deflecting section in the horizontal well while drilling real-time scanning, wherein the mineral characteristics are consistent with those of 3684.614 m-3684.645 m of the vertical well, such as the well section circled in the figure 3, and gradually verifying that the horizontal well accurately enters a target layer through characteristic minerals in the subsequent tracking scanning process. And after entering the horizontal section, sampling interval is changed to every 4-8 m, a packet of rock debris is taken, and the horizontal well data and the vertical well data are compared and monitored in real time to judge that the horizontal well section accurately drills in a target layer. While a horizontal well is drilled, the scanning well section of the horizontal well is divided section by section according to the division principle of the vertical well small layer, and the horizontal well is divided into 8 sections of small layers, as shown in fig. 3.
Then applying the section of the regional dessert well section established by the vertical well section to a horizontal well target layer, referring to the fluctuation trend of the types and the contents of target layer characteristic minerals (dolomite, potassium feldspar and plagioclase feldspar) measured by a MaipSCAN automatic mineral identification system, dividing the horizontal sections into eleven groups according to the changes of the porosity and the brittleness index content, and determining the horizontal well dessert well section as shown in figure 4; a proposed table for dividing the sweet spot sections of the horizontal well target layer is determined, as shown in table 2, wherein the interlayer is a non-sweet spot layer.
TABLE 2 horizontal well destination layer division suggestion table
Under the guidance of the method, the drilling rate of the target layer of the horizontal section of the horizontal well is 100%, so that the logging time of at least one trip is saved, a basis is provided for the subsequent horizontal well subsection clustering, and a construction suggestion is provided for the later fracturing.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for shale, tight oil and gas horizontal well dessert determination based on cuttings, comprising:
s1, selecting at least one vertical well around the vertical well according to a target well position, and obtaining a rock core containing a dessert well section in the vertical well; preparing a resin sample from the rock core;
s2, scanning the resin samples prepared in the step S1 in batch to obtain various mineral data of the vertical well dessert well section, wherein the mineral data comprise mineral types and contents;
s3, determining the discrimination standard of the dessert layer and the non-dessert layer according to known characteristic parameters of the vertical well dessert well section, and establishing a typical section for dividing the dessert;
the discrimination criteria for the dessert layer and the non-dessert layer are:
less than or equal to 50, is a non-dessert layer; 50 < (R) >Less than or equal to 60, is a type III dessert layer, and is more than 60Less than or equal to 80, and is a type II dessert layer; 100 is not less thanMore than 80, is a type I dessert layer; wherein, the oil content in the reservoir is characterized by valueThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
xwhich is an indication of the degree of porosity,ywhich is indicative of the index of brittleness,represents the individual mineral content of the non-carbonate mineral, in mass percent, z represents the individual mineral content belonging to the carbonate mineral, in mass percent,、、is a constant number of times, and is,is a constant number of times, wherein,nthe value is 2;
s4, sampling rock debris at the target well position, and manufacturing a resin sample;
s5, scanning the resin sample in the step S4 to obtain various mineral data of the target well rock debris, wherein the mineral data comprises mineral types and contents;
and S6, comparing the mineral data obtained in the step S5 with the judgment standard in the step S3, and determining the dessert layer of the target well.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of step S1 is: selecting at least one vertical well in a shale oil research area according to a target well position, obtaining a rock core sample containing a dessert well section in the vertical well section, and cutting and pouring a plurality of resin samples with well number depth and well depth direction from shallow to deep direction.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2, scanning is performed using a maipsccan automated mineral identification system.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic parameters in step S3 include characteristic mineral content, porosity, brittleness index.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S3 of establishing the profile of the straight well section comprises the following steps: and (3) comparing the logging data of the straight well section with the mineral data obtained in the step (S2), comparing the trend conformity of a flushing resistivity RXO curve, a natural gamma GR curve and a density DEN curve in the logging data with the mineral data curve, determining characteristic minerals divided by the rock stratum according to the conformity, and dividing the core well section of the straight well into 12 sections along the depth direction according to the relative content of the minerals in the rock stratum.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the identifying characteristics of the target layer sweet spot are determined from mineral, physical and petromechanical parameters of the sweet spot of the vertical well;
firstly, analyzing and counting the porosity and the brittleness index, then analyzing and counting the characteristic minerals, and finally determining the identification characteristics of the dessert well section.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rock debris sampling in step S4 is performed by: and determining a target entering point, drilling to the target entering point by using a drill bit, and taking rock debris samples according to field logging sampling intervals at the deflecting section part of the target entering point drilled by the drill bit.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein step S6 further comprises determining that the horizontal section of the target well is in the target zone according to the mineral data obtained in step S5 and the characteristic parameter in step S3.
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Cited By (3)
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CN116168172A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-05-26 | 武汉中旺亿能科技发展有限公司 | Shale oil gas dessert prediction method, device, equipment and storage medium |
CN117491592A (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2024-02-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司吉林油田分公司 | Method for determining horizontal well fracturing position based on drilling rock sample |
CN117823116A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-04-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shale gas horizontal well bedding drilling geosteering method |
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