CN115598183B - Liquid food conductivity detection method and device - Google Patents
Liquid food conductivity detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115598183B CN115598183B CN202211417503.XA CN202211417503A CN115598183B CN 115598183 B CN115598183 B CN 115598183B CN 202211417503 A CN202211417503 A CN 202211417503A CN 115598183 B CN115598183 B CN 115598183B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000015197 apple juice Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000015205 orange juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004497 NIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020185 raw untreated milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
- G01N27/07—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid food conductivity detection method and device. The device comprises a first barrel-shaped electrode, a second barrel-shaped electrode and a probe; the second barrel-shaped electrode is coaxially arranged in the first barrel-shaped electrode and is enclosed with the first barrel-shaped electrode to form an annular sample groove; one end of the probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode and the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode are equal; the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal generating device, and the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal collecting device; when the liquid food to be detected is injected into the annular sample groove, the first barrel-shaped electrode, the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are contacted with the liquid food. The detection device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in implementation, rapidness, low cost and high accuracy in detection of the conductivity of the liquid food, no pollution to the liquid food, and capability of meeting the requirements of online and high-flux detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a food inspection method, in particular to a liquid food conductivity detection method and device, and belongs to the field of food detection.
Background
At present, more and more net red new brand liquid foods enter the life of people. Liquid foods are important food types, and common foods include milk, wine, fruit and vegetable beverages, edible oil, seasonings and the like. However, while technology is developing, the composition of liquid foods is becoming complex, food safety events occur, improper or excessive toxic and harmful components accumulate excessively in the human body and are difficult to metabolize, and thus human health is affected. How to accurately and rapidly detect the physical and chemical properties of liquid foods, such as acid value, conductivity, pH value, viscosity, solid content and the like, is always a main index in the field of food safety detection.
At present, the physical and chemical parameter detection method of the liquid food mainly comprises gas chromatography, near infrared spectroscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, microorganism detection and the like. Based on the consideration of operation convenience and cost factors, the methods have certain defects, such as high chromatographic sensitivity, but high equipment use and cost; the spectrometry is simple to operate, but has certain fluctuation; the biological pretreatment process is complex, and chemical or biological reagents are used, so that the operation level of the detection personnel is high. Conductivity is one of the main physicochemical properties of food, and its size depends on the sample temperature, internal components, electrolyte concentration, solid content, etc. The conductivity index can be used for evaluating cold stability of adulterated milk, grease deterioration, grape wine, etc. Meanwhile, the method is gradually applied to detection of physical and chemical indexes such as the proportion of agricultural product materials and the moisture content. In recent years, researchers have proposed a new electrical detection technique for measuring the conductivity of liquid foods, and for example CN214669310U has proposed a device for non-destructive detection of wine reducing sugar, which includes an electrophoresis tank, a detection electrode holder, a PLC processor, a report generator, a display, and the like. The detection of the electrical parameters of the liquid can be completed by placing the liquid of the wine to be detected into the electrophoresis tank and clamping the electrodes arranged on the electrophoresis tank by the detection electrode clamps, but the problems of high online detection cost and the like exist, and the detection requirements of simplicity, accuracy and rapidness are difficult to meet at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a liquid food conductivity detection method and device, which are used for overcoming the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
some embodiments of the present invention provide a liquid food conductivity detection method, which includes the steps of:
s1, a second barrel-shaped electrode is placed in a first barrel-shaped electrode, an annular sample groove is formed between the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode, a probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distances between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode and the distances between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode are equal;
s2, injecting liquid food to be detected into the annular sample groove, and enabling the first barrel-shaped electrode, the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe to be in contact with the liquid food;
s3, under the room temperature condition, applying an excitation voltage signal with the frequency of 100kHz between the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe by using a signal generating device, and collecting a detection voltage signal between the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe by using a signal collecting device;
s4, calculating an absolute value DeltaV of a difference value between the excitation voltage signal and the detection voltage signal, and obtaining the conductivity sigma of the liquid food according to a relation sigma=0.036DeltaV+C, wherein C is-2.20-4.05.
In one embodiment, the liquid food includes edible oil, beverage, cow's milk, vinegar, soy sauce, honey, etc., and is not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, the annular sample groove has an outer diameter of 20-30mm, an inner diameter of 10-20mm, and a height of 10-20mm.
In one embodiment, the first barrel electrode and the second barrel electrode are coaxially disposed.
In one embodiment, the materials of the first barrel electrode, the second barrel electrode and the probe may be platinum.
In one embodiment, the excitation voltage signal is a sawtooth wave and the excitation voltage signal level is peak-to-peak 100-200mV.
In one embodiment, the detection range corresponding to the relationship is 0.01-11.25mS/cm.
In one embodiment, the method for detecting the conductivity of the liquid food specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) taking a series of liquid food standard samples with different conductivities, and processing the liquid food standard samples by the operation of the steps S1-S3 so as to establish the relation.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a liquid food conductivity detection device comprising a first barrel electrode, a second barrel electrode, and a probe; the second barrel-shaped electrode is coaxially arranged in the first barrel-shaped electrode and is enclosed with the first barrel-shaped electrode to form an annular sample groove; one end of the probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode and the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode are equal; the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal generating device, and the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal collecting device; when the liquid food to be detected is injected into the annular sample groove, the first barrel electrode, the second barrel electrode and the probe are all contacted with the liquid food.
In one embodiment, the annular sample groove has an outer diameter of 20-30mm, an inner diameter of 10-20mm, and a height of 10-20mm; and the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode are made of platinum.
Compared with the prior art, the liquid food conductivity detection device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in assembly and use and low cost, and meanwhile, the liquid food conductivity detection method provided by the invention is simple and convenient, does not need to use chemical reagents, can rapidly realize detection of liquid food conductivity with low cost and high accuracy, does not pollute liquid food, and can meet the requirements of online and high-flux detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid food conductivity detector apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting conductivity of a liquid food according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate: 101. an annular sample groove; 102. a second barrel electrode; 103. a first barrel electrode; 104. a probe; 105. a signal generating device; 106. and a signal acquisition device.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme, implementation process and principle thereof, etc. will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, reaction equipment, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention are all commercially available, and the detection methods, etc. used are also known in the art.
The following examples are all based on a liquid food conductivity detection device. Referring to fig. 1, the detecting device includes a first barrel electrode 103 (hereinafter referred to as an outer electrode), a second barrel electrode 102 (hereinafter referred to as an inner electrode), and a probe 104. The inner electrode is coaxially disposed in the outer electrode, and forms an annular sample groove 101 (hereinafter referred to as sample groove) with the outer electrode, in other words, the inner wall of the outer electrode and the outer wall of the inner electrode respectively form the outer wall and the inner wall of the sample groove. One end of the probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode is equal to the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode. Therefore, when the liquid food to be detected is injected into the annular sample cell, the outer electrode, the inner electrode and the probe are all in contact with the liquid food. The outer electrode and the probe are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the signal generator 105, respectively, and the inner electrode and the probe are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the signal collector 106, respectively. The outer diameter of the sample groove is 20-30mm, the inner diameter is 10-20mm, and the height is 10-20mm. And the first barrel electrode and the second barrel electrode are both platinum electrodes. The signal generating device 105 and the signal collecting device 106 may be voltage signal generating devices and voltage signal collecting devices commonly used in the art.
The principle of the method for detecting the conductivity of the liquid food provided in the following embodiment can be seen in fig. 2, that is, the liquid food with different conductivities has specific free ions and charged solutes, which affect the conductivity of the current. Under the action of alternating electric field generated by the outer electrode, the charged substances are oscillated and migrated, and because of the inner electrode, the distribution of electric lines of force in the annular sample groove is in inward convergence trend, namely is enhanced step by step, free ions and charged solutes gather to the inner electrode and influence the current conductivity, when the inner electrode is communicated with the grounding end, and when other physical parameters are fixed, the sample conductivity and the voltage difference value of the detection signal and the excitation signal show a certain numerical relation.
Example 1
The method for detecting the conductivity of the cow milk comprises the following steps:
(1) The inner electrode is placed in the outer electrode, the inner electrode and the outer electrode are coaxially arranged, an annular sample groove is formed by surrounding the inner electrode and the outer electrode, the inner diameter of the sample groove is about 10mm, the outer diameter of the sample groove is about 25mm, and the height of the sample groove is about 15mm.
(2) And injecting cow milk to be detected into the sample tank, inserting a probe into the cow milk, and enabling the distances between the probe and the inner wall and the outer wall of the sample tank to be equal.
(3) At 20 ℃, an excitation voltage sawtooth wave signal with the frequency of 100kHz is applied between the outer electrode and the two ends of the probe, the peak-peak voltage level is 100mV, meanwhile, a detection voltage signal between the inner electrode and the probe is collected, the absolute value DeltaV of the difference value between the excitation voltage sawtooth wave signal and the detection voltage signal is calculated, and then the conductivity sigma of the cow milk to be detected is obtained according to the relation sigma=0.036DeltaV+2.73, wherein DeltaV is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100. The corresponding detection range of the relational expression is 2.73-6.33mS/cm.
The accuracy of the method of this example 1 is fully demonstrated by testing 10 cow's milk sold by different manufacturers using the methods of this example, control group 1 ("study on method of detecting raw milk adulteration by conductivity method" [ J ]. Chinese food industry, 2011 (6): 64-65.), respectively.
Table 1 results of the example 1 method and control 1 method on the conductivity of commercially available cow milk
Note that: the data in the above table are all the average values of the detection results obtained after the detection of a plurality of groups of samples.
Example 2
A method for apple juice conductivity detection, comprising the following steps:
(1) The inner electrode is placed in the outer electrode, the inner electrode and the outer electrode are coaxially arranged, an annular sample groove is formed by surrounding the inner electrode and the outer electrode, the inner diameter of the sample groove is about 20mm, the outer diameter of the sample groove is about 30mm, and the height of the sample groove is about 20mm.
(2) And (3) pouring apple juice to be detected into the sample tank, inserting a probe into the apple juice, and enabling the distances between the probe and the inner wall and the outer wall of the sample tank to be equal.
(3) At 25 ℃, an excitation voltage sawtooth wave signal with the frequency of 100kHz is applied between the outer electrode and the two ends of the probe, the peak-peak voltage level is 150mV, meanwhile, a detection voltage signal between the inner electrode and the probe is collected, the absolute value DeltaV of the difference value between the excitation voltage sawtooth wave signal and the detection voltage signal is calculated, and then the conductivity sigma of apple juice to be detected is obtained according to the relation sigma=0.036DeltaV+1.23, wherein DeltaV is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 150. The detection range corresponding to the relation is 1.23-6.63mS/cm.
The accuracy of the method of this example was fully demonstrated by testing 10 apple juices sold by different manufacturers using the method of this example and the method of control group 2 (GB/T18932.15-2003), respectively, as shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2 results of example 2 method and control 2 method on conductivity of commercially available apple juice
Note that: the data in the above table are all the average values of the detection results obtained after the detection of a plurality of groups of samples.
Example 3
The orange juice conductivity detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Substantially the same as in step (1) of example 1. But the inner diameter of the sample well is about 10mm, the outer diameter is about 30mm, and the height is about 20mm.
(2) The same as in step (2) of example 1.
(3) Substantially the same as in step (3) of example 1. But at 15 c and the excitation voltage signal applied between the outer electrode and the probe is 180mV peak-to-peak, with the corresponding relationship σ=0.036Δv+4.05, where 0.ltoreq.Δv.ltoreq.180. The detection range corresponding to the relation is 4.05-10.53mS/cm.
After the detection method of the embodiment is adopted to detect various orange juices which are sold on the market, the detection result is basically consistent with the detection result obtained by the GB/T18932.15-2003 method.
Example 4
The honey conductivity detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) The procedure is as in step (1) of example 1.
(2) The same as in step (2) of example 1.
(3) Substantially the same as in step (3) of example 1, but using an excitation voltage signal voltage level peak-to-peak of 200mV, the corresponding relationship is σ=0.036Δv-2.20, where 0 Δv is equal to or less than 200. The detection range corresponding to the relation is 0.01-5.00mS/cm.
After the detection method of the embodiment is adopted to detect various commercially available honey, the detection result is basically consistent with the detection result obtained by the GB/T18932.15-2003 method.
In addition, the applicant also refers to the methods of examples 1 and 2, and detects the conductivity of various edible oils, beverages, vinegar and soy sauce which are commercially available, and obtains accurate detection results quickly.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and implement the same according to the present invention without limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The liquid food conductivity detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, a second barrel-shaped electrode is placed in a first barrel-shaped electrode, an annular sample groove is formed between the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode, a probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distances between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode and the distances between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode are equal;
s2, injecting liquid food to be detected into the annular sample groove, and enabling the first barrel-shaped electrode, the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe to be in contact with the liquid food;
s3, under the room temperature condition, applying an excitation voltage signal with the frequency of 100kHz between the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe by using a signal generating device, and collecting a detection voltage signal between the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe by using a signal collecting device;
s4, calculating the absolute value delta of the difference value between the excitation voltage signal and the detection voltage signalVAnd according to the relationσ=0.036ΔVObtaining the conductivity of the liquid food by +CσWherein C is-2.20-4.05, and the detection range corresponding to the relation is 0.01-11.25 mS/cm;
wherein the excitation voltage signal is a sawtooth wave, and the level is 100-200mV from peak to peak.
2. The method for detecting the conductivity of liquid food according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid food is selected from edible oil, beverage, cow milk, edible vinegar, soy sauce or honey.
3. The method for detecting the conductivity of liquid food according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the annular sample groove is 20-30mm, the inner diameter is 10-20mm, and the height is 10-20mm.
4. The method for detecting the conductivity of liquid food according to claim 1, wherein: the first barrel electrode and the second barrel electrode are coaxially arranged.
5. The method for detecting the conductivity of liquid food according to claim 1, wherein: the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode are made of platinum.
6. The method for detecting the conductivity of liquid food according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) taking a series of liquid food standard samples with different conductivities, and processing the liquid food standard samples by the operation of the steps S1-S3 so as to establish the relation.
7. The liquid food conductivity detection device is characterized by comprising a first barrel-shaped electrode, a second barrel-shaped electrode and a probe; the second barrel-shaped electrode is coaxially arranged in the first barrel-shaped electrode and is enclosed with the first barrel-shaped electrode to form an annular sample groove; one end of the probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode and the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode are equal; the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal generating device, and the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal collecting device; when the liquid food to be detected is injected into the annular sample groove, the first barrel electrode, the second barrel electrode and the probe are all contacted with the liquid food.
8. The liquid food conductivity detection device according to claim 7, wherein: the outer diameter of the annular sample groove is 20-30mm, the inner diameter is 10-20mm, and the height is 10-20mm; and the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode are made of platinum.
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