CN115598183A - Liquid food conductivity detection method and device - Google Patents
Liquid food conductivity detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115598183A CN115598183A CN202211417503.XA CN202211417503A CN115598183A CN 115598183 A CN115598183 A CN 115598183A CN 202211417503 A CN202211417503 A CN 202211417503A CN 115598183 A CN115598183 A CN 115598183A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015197 apple juice Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015205 orange juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004497 NIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015219 food category Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020185 raw untreated milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
- G01N27/07—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting the conductivity of liquid food. The device comprises a first barrel-shaped electrode, a second barrel-shaped electrode and a probe; the second barrel-shaped electrode is coaxially arranged in the first barrel-shaped electrode and forms an annular sample groove with the first barrel-shaped electrode in a surrounding manner; one end of the probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode is equal to that between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode; the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal generating device, and the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal collecting device; when liquid food to be detected is injected into the annular sample groove, the first barrel-shaped electrode, the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are all contacted with the liquid food. The detection device provided by the invention has a simple structure, the detection method is easy to implement, the conductivity of the liquid food can be quickly detected with low cost and high accuracy, the liquid food is not polluted, and the requirements of online and high-flux detection can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a food inspection method, in particular to a liquid food conductivity detection method and device, and belongs to the field of food detection.
Background
At present, more and more new brand liquid food of net red enters the lives of people. Liquid food is an important food category, and commonly comprises milk, wine, fruit and vegetable beverages, edible oil, seasonings and the like. However, in the development of science and technology, the composition of liquid food is becoming more and more complex, food safety incidents occur occasionally, and improper or excessive toxic and harmful ingredients are accumulated excessively in human bodies and are difficult to metabolize, thereby affecting human health. How to accurately and rapidly detect the physicochemical characteristics of liquid food, such as acid value, conductivity, pH value, viscosity, solid content and the like, is always a main index in the field of food safety detection.
At present, the physical and chemical parameter detection methods of liquid food mainly comprise gas chromatography, near infrared spectroscopy, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, microorganism detection and the like. Based on the considerations of operation convenience and cost, the methods have certain defects, such as high sensitivity of the chromatography, but high equipment use and cost; the method is simple to operate, but has certain volatility; the biological pretreatment process is complex, and chemical or biological reagents are used, so that the requirement on the operation level of detection personnel is high. The conductivity is one of the main physicochemical properties of food, and its magnitude depends on the sample temperature, internal composition, electrolyte concentration, solid content, and the like. The conductivity index can be used for evaluating adulterated milk, fat deterioration, cold stability of wine and the like. Meanwhile, the method is gradually applied to the detection of physical and chemical indexes such as the material proportion and the water content of agricultural products. In recent years, researchers have proposed a new electrical detection technology for measuring the conductivity of liquid food, for example, CN214669310U proposes a device for non-destructive detection of reducing sugar in wine, which comprises an electrophoresis tank, detection electrodes, detection electrode clamps, a PLC processor, a report generator, a display and the like. Can be through holding into the electrophoresis tank with the grape wine liquid that awaits measuring, accomplish the detection of liquid electricity parameter through the electrode that sets up on the detection electrode clamp centre gripping electrophoresis tank, nevertheless have on-line measuring problem such as with high costs, be difficult to satisfy simple, accurate, the quick detection demand simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method and a device for detecting the conductivity of liquid food, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
some embodiments of the invention provide a liquid food conductivity detection method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a second barrel-shaped electrode in a first barrel-shaped electrode, forming an annular sample groove between the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode, inserting a probe into the annular sample groove, and enabling the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode and the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode to be equal;
s2, injecting liquid food to be detected into the annular sample groove, and enabling the first barrel-shaped electrode, the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe to be in contact with the liquid food;
s3, under the condition of room temperature, applying an excitation voltage signal with the frequency of 100kHz between the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe by using a signal generating device, and acquiring a detection voltage signal between the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe by using a signal acquiring device;
s4, calculating the absolute value delta V of the difference between the excitation voltage signal and the detection voltage signal, and obtaining the conductivity sigma of the liquid food according to the relation sigma =0.036 delta V + C, wherein C is-2.20-4.05.
In one embodiment, the liquid food includes edible oil, beverage, milk, vinegar, soy sauce, honey, or the like, and is not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, the annular sample cell has an outer diameter of 20-30mm, an inner diameter of 10-20mm, and a height of 10-20mm.
In one embodiment, the first and second barrel electrodes are coaxially disposed.
In one embodiment, the first barrel electrode, the second barrel electrode, and the probe may be made of platinum.
In one embodiment, the excitation voltage signal is a sawtooth wave and the excitation voltage signal level is 100-200mV peak-to-peak.
In one embodiment, the detection range corresponding to the relation is 0.01-11.25mS/cm.
In one embodiment, the method for detecting the conductivity of the liquid food specifically comprises the following steps: taking a series of liquid food standard samples with different conductivities, and processing the liquid food standard samples by the operations of the steps S1-S3 so as to establish the relation.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a liquid food conductivity detection apparatus, which includes a first barrel-shaped electrode, a second barrel-shaped electrode, and a probe; the second barrel-shaped electrode is coaxially arranged in the first barrel-shaped electrode and surrounds the first barrel-shaped electrode to form an annular sample groove; one end of the probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode is equal to that between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode; the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal generating device, and the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal collecting device; when liquid food to be detected is injected into the annular sample groove, the first barrel-shaped electrode, the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are all in contact with the liquid food.
In one embodiment, the annular sample groove has an outer diameter of 20-30mm, an inner diameter of 10-20mm, and a height of 10-20mm; and the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode are made of platinum.
Compared with the prior art, the liquid food conductivity detection device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in assembly and use and low cost, and meanwhile, the liquid food conductivity detection method provided by the invention is simple and convenient, does not need to use a chemical reagent, can realize the detection of the liquid food conductivity rapidly, with low cost and high accuracy, does not pollute the liquid food, and can meet the requirements of online and high-throughput detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid food conductivity detection apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting the conductivity of a liquid food according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 101. an annular sample cell; 102. a second barrel-shaped electrode; 103. a first barrel electrode; 104. a probe; 105. a signal generating device; 106. a signal acquisition device.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme, the implementation process, the principle and the like of the technical scheme are further explained in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples, and unless otherwise specified, all the raw materials, reagents, reaction equipment and the like used in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained commercially, and the detection methods and the like used are also known in the art.
The following examples are all implemented based on a liquid food conductivity detection device. Referring to fig. 1, the detecting device includes a first barrel electrode 103 (hereinafter referred to as an outer electrode), a second barrel electrode 102 (hereinafter referred to as an inner electrode), and a probe 104. The inner electrode is coaxially disposed in the outer electrode, and encloses with the outer electrode to form an annular sample chamber 101 (hereinafter referred to as a sample chamber), in other words, the inner wall of the outer electrode and the outer wall of the inner electrode respectively constitute the outer wall and the inner wall of the sample chamber. One end of the probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode is equal to that between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode. Therefore, when the liquid food to be tested is injected into the annular sample cell, the outer electrode, the inner electrode and the probe are all in contact with the liquid food. The outer electrode and the probe are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the signal generating device 105, respectively, and the inner electrode and the probe are electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the signal collecting device 106, respectively. The outer diameter of the sample groove is 20-30mm, the inner diameter is 10-20mm, and the height is 10-20mm. And the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode are both platinum electrodes. The signal generating device 105 and the signal collecting device 106 may employ a voltage signal generating device and a voltage signal collecting device commonly used in the art.
The principle of the liquid food conductivity detection method provided in the following embodiment can be seen in fig. 2, that is, liquid foods with different conductivities have specific free ions and charged solutes, which affect the conductivity of the current. Under the action of an alternating electric field generated by an outer electrode, the charged substances oscillate and migrate, because of the existence of an inner electrode, the power line distribution in the annular sample cell shows a convergence trend inwards, namely is gradually enhanced, free ions and charged solutes are gathered to the inner electrode and influence the current conductivity, and when the inner electrode is communicated with a grounding end, when other physical parameters are fixed, the sample conductivity shows a certain numerical relationship with the voltage difference value of a detection signal and an excitation signal.
Example 1
The method for detecting the conductivity of the milk comprises the following steps:
(1) The inner electrode was placed inside the outer electrode, coaxially arranged, and enclosed therebetween to form an annular sample chamber having an inner diameter of about 10mm, an outer diameter of about 25mm, and a height of about 15mm.
(2) Injecting the cow milk to be detected into the sample groove, inserting the probe into the cow milk, and enabling the distance between the probe and the inner wall and the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the sample groove to be equal.
(3) Applying an excitation voltage sawtooth wave signal with the frequency of 100kHz between the outer side electrode and the two ends of the probe at the temperature of 20 ℃, simultaneously acquiring a detection voltage signal between the inner side electrode and the probe, calculating the absolute value delta V of the difference between the excitation voltage sawtooth wave signal and the detection voltage signal, and then obtaining the cow milk conductivity sigma to be detected according to the relation sigma =0.036 delta V +2.73, wherein delta V is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100. The corresponding detection range of the relational expression is 2.73-6.33mS/cm.
The method of this example and the method of the control group 1 ("method for detecting adulteration of raw milk by conductivity method" J. Chinese food industry, 2011 (6): 64-65.) were used to detect 10 milks sold by different manufacturers, and the results are shown in table 1 below, which fully illustrates the accuracy of the method of this example 1.
Table 1 results of conductivity measurements of commercially available cow's milk by the method of example 1 and the method of control 1
Note: the data in the above table are all the average values of the test results obtained after testing the plurality of groups of samples.
Example 2
A method for detecting the conductivity of apple juice comprises the following steps:
(1) The inner electrode is placed into the outer electrode, the inner electrode and the outer electrode are coaxially arranged, an annular sample groove is formed by enclosing the inner electrode and the outer electrode, the inner diameter of the sample groove is about 20mm, the outer diameter of the sample groove is about 30mm, and the height of the sample groove is about 20mm.
(2) And injecting the apple juice to be detected into the sample tank, and inserting the probe into the apple juice, wherein the distance between the probe and the inner wall and the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the sample tank are equal.
(3) Applying an excitation voltage sawtooth wave signal with the frequency of 100kHz between the outer side electrode and the two ends of the probe at the temperature of 25 ℃, simultaneously collecting a detection voltage signal between the inner side electrode and the probe, calculating the absolute value delta V of the difference between the excitation voltage sawtooth wave signal and the detection voltage signal, and then obtaining the conductivity sigma of the apple juice to be detected according to the relation sigma =0.036 delta V +1.23, wherein delta V is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 150. The detection range corresponding to the relational expression is 1.23-6.63mS/cm.
The method of this example and the method of control group 2 (method of GB/T18932.15-2003) were used to test 10 apple juices sold by different manufacturers, and the results are shown in Table 2 below, which fully illustrates the accuracy of the method of this example.
Table 2 results of conductivity measurements on commercial apple juice by the method of example 2 and the method of control 2
Note: the data in the above table are all the average values of the test results obtained after testing the plurality of groups of samples.
Example 3
The orange juice conductivity detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Substantially the same as in step (1) of example 1. However, the sample cell had an inner diameter of about 10mm, an outer diameter of about 30mm and a height of about 20mm.
(2) Same as in step (2) of example 1.
(3) Substantially the same as in step (3) of example 1. But at 15 deg.C, and the voltage level peak-peak of the excitation voltage signal applied between the outer electrode and the probe is 180mV, corresponding to a relationship of σ =0.036 Δ V +4.05, where 0 ≦ Δ V ≦ 180. The detection range corresponding to the relational expression is 4.05-10.53mS/cm.
After the detection method of the embodiment is adopted to detect various commercially available orange juices, the obtained detection results are basically consistent with the detection results obtained by the GB/T18932.15-2003 method.
Example 4
A method for detecting the conductivity of honey comprises the following steps:
(1) Same as in step (1) of example 1.
(2) Same as in step (2) of example 1.
(3) Substantially the same as in step (3) of example 1, but with an excitation voltage signal voltage level of 200mV peak-to-peak, the corresponding relation is σ =0.036 Δ V-2.20, where 0 ≦ Δ V ≦ 200. The detection range corresponding to the relational expression is 0.01-5.00mS/cm.
After the detection method of the embodiment is adopted to detect various commercially available honey, the obtained detection result is basically consistent with the detection result obtained by the GB/T18932.15-2003 method.
In addition, the present applicant also examined the conductivity of various commercially available edible oils, beverages, vinegar and soy sauce by referring to the methods of examples 1 and 2, and all of them rapidly obtained accurate examination results.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for detecting the conductivity of the liquid food is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, placing a second barrel-shaped electrode in a first barrel-shaped electrode, forming an annular sample groove between the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode, inserting a probe into the annular sample groove, and enabling the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode and the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode to be equal;
s2, injecting liquid food to be detected into the annular sample groove, and enabling the first barrel-shaped electrode, the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe to be in contact with the liquid food;
s3, under the condition of room temperature, applying an excitation voltage signal with the frequency of 100kHz between the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe by using a signal generating device, and acquiring a detection voltage signal between the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe by using a signal acquiring device;
s4, calculating the absolute value delta V of the difference between the excitation voltage signal and the detection voltage signal, and obtaining the conductivity sigma of the liquid food according to the relation sigma =0.036 delta V + C, wherein C is-2.20-4.05.
2. The liquid food conductivity detection method according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid food comprises edible oil, beverage, milk, edible vinegar, soy sauce or honey.
3. The liquid food conductivity detection method according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the annular sample groove is 20-30mm, the inner diameter is 10-20mm, and the height is 10-20mm.
4. The liquid food conductivity detection method according to claim 1, wherein: the first barrel electrode and the second barrel electrode are coaxially arranged.
5. The liquid food conductivity detection method according to claim 1, wherein: the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode are made of platinum.
6. The method for detecting the conductivity of the liquid food as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the excitation voltage signal is a sawtooth wave, and the level is 100-200mV peak-to-peak.
7. The liquid food conductivity detection method according to claim 1, wherein: the detection range corresponding to the relational expression is 0.01-11.25mS/cm.
8. The liquid food conductivity detection method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: taking a series of liquid food standard samples with different conductivities, and processing the liquid food standard samples by the operations of the steps S1-S3 so as to establish the relation.
9. The liquid food conductivity detection device is characterized by comprising a first barrel-shaped electrode, a second barrel-shaped electrode and a probe; the second barrel-shaped electrode is coaxially arranged in the first barrel-shaped electrode and surrounds the first barrel-shaped electrode to form an annular sample groove; one end of the probe is inserted into the annular sample groove, and the distance between the probe and the inner wall of the first barrel-shaped electrode is equal to that between the probe and the outer wall of the second barrel-shaped electrode; the first barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal generating device, and the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of the signal collecting device; when liquid food to be detected is injected into the annular sample groove, the first barrel-shaped electrode, the second barrel-shaped electrode and the probe are all in contact with the liquid food.
10. The liquid food conductivity detection device of claim 9, wherein: the outer diameter of the annular sample groove is 20-30mm, the inner diameter is 10-20mm, and the height is 10-20mm; and the first barrel-shaped electrode and the second barrel-shaped electrode are made of platinum.
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