CN115598048A - Multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test method and system for metal material and structure marine atmospheric environment - Google Patents
Multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test method and system for metal material and structure marine atmospheric environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test method and a system for a marine atmospheric environment of a metal material and a structure. Carrying out an accelerated test on the metal material according to a preset test spectrum, wherein the test spectrum comprises an acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external circulation with a single circulation duration of 24h, the acid salt spray test is internally circulated for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 h-drying for 1h, and the single circulation duration of the damp-heat test is 12h; on the basis, the metal structure also needs to alternately carry out a working condition load test of equivalent X time use strength. The invention comprehensively considers the interaction effect of main sensitive factors of metal corrosion in the marine atmospheric environment, highlights the dry-wet alternation, the acid atmosphere-salt spray coupling effect or the environment-load coupling effect, is matched with the actual environment effect of the metal material and the structure, effectively improves the correlation between the accelerated test result and the natural environment test result, and can truly reproduce the environmental damage process of the metal material and the structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of accelerated tests, and particularly relates to a multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test method and system for a metal material and a metal structure in an ocean atmospheric environment.
Background
The metal material and the metal structure can be corroded under the comprehensive influence of a plurality of external environmental factors when exposed to the atmospheric environment, the corrosion is shown as electrochemical corrosion under a thin liquid film, and the formation, the retention time and a corrosion medium of the thin liquid film are key factors influencing the corrosion kinetics of the thin liquid film. The ocean atmospheric environment has the environmental characteristics of high temperature, high humidity, high salt fog and strong solar radiation, is the most severe atmospheric environment faced by metal materials and metal structures, and is the main factor of corrosion of the metal materials and the metal structures under the continuous alternate actions of damp heat, salt fog and dry temperature and possibly encountered acidic atmosphere according to the corrosion mechanism of the metal materials and the metal structures. The development of accelerated tests based on these environmental factors has been a focus and focus of research in the field.
In the prior art, a document CN114544477A discloses a laboratory accelerated test method of a coating in an ocean atmospheric environment, which comprises an alternating damp-heat test, an ultraviolet condensation test and a salt spray test which are sequentially carried out, wherein the method comprehensively considers the aging effect of temperature, humidity, salt spray and irradiation on the coating; the document CN103954550B discloses a coating marine atmospheric environment simulation accelerated test method, which sequentially performs a damp-heat test, an ultraviolet condensation test and a salt spray test, wherein the damp-heat test, the ultraviolet condensation test and the salt spray test are determined according to the natural environment spectrum equivalent conversion of a simulated actual environment, and a combined cycle test is performed according to the action sequence of actual environment factors.
Although some accelerated test methods in the prior art are determined according to the equivalent conversion of the natural environment spectrum, the problems of correlation and accuracy of the accelerated test result and the natural environment test result are still existed (especially for a metal structure). More importantly, the existing accelerated test method has the defects that the environmental spectrum is inconvenient to flexibly cut, and the comprehensive effect of main environmental factors of the month is difficult to accurately simulate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems mentioned in the background technology, the invention aims to provide a multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test method and a system for a metal material and a metal structure in an ocean atmospheric environment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
A multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test method for a metal material in a marine atmospheric environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: and carrying out an accelerated test according to a preset test spectrum, wherein the test spectrum comprises an acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external circulation with a single circulation duration of 24h, the acid salt spray test is internally circulated for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 h-drying for 1h, and the single circulation duration of the damp-heat test is 12h.
Preferably, the salt solution with 5% NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid at pH = 4-5 is used for spraying, and the temperature during spraying is controlled to 35 ℃. + -. 1 ℃; during drying, the temperature is controlled to 50 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 50 percent RH; the temperature during the damp-heat test was controlled to 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and the relative humidity > 95% RH.
Further, a multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test method for the marine atmospheric environment of the metal structure,
a single environment-working condition load interaction test major cycle is formed by an acid salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycle with standard duration and a working condition load test with equivalent X time use strength, and after the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycle with standard duration is finished, a sample is taken out to carry out the working condition load test; the equivalent X time use strength is conventional knowledge in the field, and is not described in detail in the invention;
or, a single environment-working condition load interaction test major cycle is formed by M (M is more than 1 and is an integer) acidic salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycles with standard time duration and M working condition load tests with equivalent X time use strength, and after the acidic salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycle with each standard time duration is finished, a sample is taken out to carry out a working condition load test;
or a single environment-working condition load interaction test major cycle is formed by K (K is more than 1 and is an integer) acidic salt spray test-damp and hot test outer cycles with standard time duration and K working condition load tests with equivalent X time use strength, and after the K acidic salt spray test-damp and hot test outer cycles with standard time duration are finished, the sample is taken out and the working condition load test is carried out at one time according to the K working condition loads with equivalent X time use strength;
for the external circulation of the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test, the acid salt spray test is internally circulated for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 h-drying for 1h, the single circulation duration of the damp-heat test is 12h, during spraying, 5-percent NaCl solution is adopted, dilute sulfuric acid is used for adjusting the pH of the saline solution to be 4-5, and the temperature during spraying is controlled to be 35 +/-1 ℃; during drying, the temperature is controlled to 50 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 50 percent RH; the temperature during the moist heat test is controlled to 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and the relative humidity > 95% RH.
Further, as one of preferable embodiments, the step of the accelerated test method comprises:
step 1, determining the external cycle time length T1 of a sample in a single large cycle, and determining a load spectrum of the equivalent X time use strength of the sample under the actual working condition of the single large cycle;
step 2, calculating the external cycle number N in a single large cycle according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to carry out a large circulation test according to the following mode, wherein the large circulation test comprises the following steps:
step 31: the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly, spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours;
step 32: a wet heat test, wherein after the acid salt spray test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours in an environment with the temperature of 40 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95 percent RH;
step 33: working condition load test, after the damp-heat test is finished, taking out a sample from the Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box, carrying out performance detection, and carrying out the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of equivalent X time use strength;
step 34: repeating the steps 31-33 for multiple times until N times of cycle tests are completed;
and 4, repeatedly implementing the step 3 for many times until the large-cycle test of all times is completed, and finally taking out the sample for analysis and evaluation.
Further, as a second preferable mode, the accelerated test method comprises the steps of:
step 1, determining the external cycle time length T1 of a sample in a single large cycle, and determining a load spectrum of the equivalent X time use strength of the sample under the actual working condition of the single large cycle;
step 2, calculating the external cycle times N in a single large cycle according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to carry out a large circulation test according to the following mode, wherein the large circulation test comprises the following steps:
step 301: the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test comprises the steps of firstly spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the PH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours; then, the wet heat test was continuously conducted for 12 hours in an environment where the temperature was 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and the relative humidity was > 95% RH; repeating the step until the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external circulation of the set number of times N is completed;
step 302: working condition load test, after step 301 is finished, taking out a sample from the Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box, carrying out performance detection, and carrying out the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of equivalent X time use strength;
and 4, repeatedly implementing the step 3 for many times until the large-cycle test of all times is completed, and finally taking out the sample for analysis and evaluation.
In the invention, for the occasion of non-acid atmosphere, a neutral salt spray test can be adopted to replace an acid salt spray test, and the PH is adjusted to 6-7.
A multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test system for a marine atmospheric environment of a metal material comprises a computer device, wherein the computer device comprises a memory, a processor and a program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, and the processor is characterized in that the processor executes the program to realize the following steps:
s1, reading the selected metal material type and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an external circulation time length T1;
s2, calculating the external circulation time length N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
s3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to continuously carry out an external circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each external circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
acid salt spray test, wherein a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and diluted sulfuric acid to adjust the pH of the salt solution with 4-5 is adopted to spray a sample for 3 hours in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then the sample is dried for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, and the internal circulation is performed for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours to drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours;
the wet heat test was carried out for 12 hours in an environment where the temperature was 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and the relative humidity was > 95% RH after the acid salt spray test was completed.
S1, reading the selected metal material type and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an external circulation time length T1;
s2, calculating the external circulation time length N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
s3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to continuously carry out an external circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each external circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly, spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours; a wet heat test, wherein after the acid salt spray test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours in an environment with the temperature of 40 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95 percent RH;
and S4, after the set times of development in the step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to pause, prompting an operator to take out a sample through a display interface, and developing a working condition load test according to a load spectrum of equivalent X time use strength.
Has the advantages that: the invention comprehensively considers the interaction influence of main sensitive factors such as damp heat, salt spray, alternation of dry and wet and the like causing corrosion of metal materials in the marine atmospheric environment, and the obtained accelerated test result is consistent with the actual marine atmospheric environment effect of the metal materials and the structure; based on the environment equivalent conversion principle, the invention designs the marine atmospheric environment simulation accelerated test method of the metal material and structure combining the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external circulation and the acid salt spray-dry internal circulation, highlights the alternation between dry and wet, and the acid atmosphere-salt spray coupling effect, and effectively improves the correlation between the accelerated test result and the natural environment test result; the scheme of the invention has wide application range, is not only suitable for quick and accurate assessment of the adaptability of all metal materials and structural marine atmospheric environments, but also can be used for quick assessment of the adaptability of new materials and structural environments based on a benchmark sample; by adopting the scheme of the invention, the test cutting can be flexibly carried out according to the test object, the comprehensive effect of the main environmental factors of the lunar degree can be accurately simulated, the coupling effect of the environment and the load can be accurately and reliably realized, the actual environmental damage course of the metal bearing structure can be truly reproduced, and the technical support is provided for the rapid assessment and evaluation of the environmental adaptability of the metal component.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the experimental spectrum in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of tensile strength versus test time for two test conditions for the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy of example 1, where part (a) corresponds to tensile strength and part (b) corresponds to yield strength;
FIG. 3 is a plot of reduction of area versus time for the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy of example 1 under two test conditions, wherein part (a) corresponds to a marine atmosphere outdoor environment and part (b) corresponds to a laboratory simulated accelerated test environment;
FIG. 4 is a plot of reduction of area as a function of time (fit) for the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy of example 1 after exposure to two test conditions, wherein part (a) corresponds to a laboratory simulated accelerated test environment and part (b) corresponds to a marine atmospheric environment;
FIG. 5 is a plot of the retention of the plasticity index of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy of example 1 after exposure to two test conditions over time, wherein part (a) corresponds to a laboratory simulated accelerated test environment and part (b) corresponds to a marine atmospheric environment;
FIG. 6 is a time-dependent change in acceleration conversion factor in embodiment 1;
fig. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of the experimental spectrum and the experimental cycle process in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the following embodiments are only used for assisting understanding of the principle of the present invention and the core idea thereof, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications to the present invention, which would occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, are also within the scope of the appended claims.
The determination process of each environmental spectrum test condition is as follows.
According to the rain water analysis result of the Hainan Wanning test station, the lowest rainfall pH value of the Hainan Wanning test station is 4-5, sulfate ions are mainly used in rainfall, and the method refers to GJB150.11A-2009 part 11 of military equipment laboratory environment test method: the salt spray test and other standards are related to regulations, and 5% NaCl solution is adopted, and the pH value is adjusted to 4-5 by dilute sulphuric acid to simulate the acid salt spray effect in the marine atmospheric environment. Meanwhile, 168 atmospheric chloride ion deposition rate data of 14 years of sea surface platform of Hainan Wanning test station are statistically analyzed, and the atmospheric chloride ion deposition rate of 34.6mg/100cm under 1% time risk rate is obtained 2 D, calculating the sea surface platform Cl of the Hainan Wanning test station according to 366 days in one year - The total annual deposition amount is 12663.6mg/100cm 2 Based on the value, the spraying time equivalent to the one-year salt spray deposition amount is calculated as 162h 7d according to the following formula,
in the formula: t is the spraying time of equivalent one-year salt spray deposition amount, h; 1.65-conversion factor; s. the 0 The salt spray deposition amount in the marine atmospheric environment for one year is 12.6636g/100cm 2 ；S 1 The salt spray sedimentation rate of the laboratory is taken to be 2ml/80cm 2 ·h；ρ 5 -5% sodium chloride solution at 35 ℃ taking 1.0295g/ml.
Metal materials are exposed to humid marine atmospheric conditions and undergo repeated wet-dry processes. According to the statistical result of 'whole-point temperature and relative humidity report' of 2004-2009 Hainanwaning test station coastal exposure fields all year round, the ratio of the whole-year humid air time (the temperature is more than 0 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than or equal to 70 percent is recorded as humid air) to the drying time is 3.5. In addition, see GJB150.11A-2009 section 11 of military equipment laboratory environmental test methods: salt spray test determines spray temperature T =35 deg.C, and drying temperature T =50 deg.C to enhance drying effect (no spray during drying, and humidity controlled below 50% by ventilation).
According to the temperature and humidity data of 2004-2009 coastal exposure fields of Hainan Wanning test stations throughout the year, referring to a conversion coefficient table of humid air and standard humid air given in aircraft structure corrosion/aging control and calendar life prolonging technology, the hours of action of the humid air at each temperature in an atmospheric environment spectrum of the Hainan Wanning test station can be converted into standard hours of action of the humid air at the temperature T =40 ℃ and the relative humidity RH =95% by adopting an interpolation method, wherein the range of the standard hours of action of the humid air is 1045 h-1754 h, and therefore the highest value 1754h is taken as the total time (namely the total time of humid heat) of the standard hours of action of the humid air at the temperature T =40 ℃ and the relative humidity RH =95%.
Under the condition of marine atmospheric environment, when salt fog in the atmosphere actsThe time of heat and humidity action is overlapped, and the actual damp-heat test time is equal to the total damp-heat time minus the salt spray test time. Referring to the aircraft structure corrosion/aging control and calendar life prolonging technology, the acceleration coefficient of humid air with the relative temperature T =40 ℃ and the relative humidity RH of 95% in the salt spray acceleration test is preliminarily selected to be 9, so that the total time of the salt spray test equivalent to the standard damp-heat test is 168h multiplied by 9=1512h. Therefore, the Damp-Heat test time t s =1754-1512=242h, the whole damp heat test time is 10d (240 h), and the test conditions are that the temperature T =40 ℃ and the relative humidity RH =95%.
According to the conditions, the laboratory accelerated test time of the ocean atmospheric environmental effect is 7d +2d +10d =19d for one year. The design of an acceleration test spectrum is carried out by taking (24 h) one day as an external circulation, each external circulation consists of two modules, namely acid salt spray (spraying and drying) and damp-heat, wherein the acid salt spray comprises internal circulation of two stages of spraying and drying so as to strengthen the alternating action of dry and wet and achieve the purpose of simultaneously improving the acceleration and the simulation of a laboratory test. The specific test conditions are shown in fig. 1, namely the environmental spectrum: 1) Each external cycle (24 h): performing an acid salt spray test for 12h; wherein: the spraying time =168h/19d ≈ 9h/d; the drying time =48h/19d ≈ 2.5h/d, and the whole is taken up to 3h; spraying and drying for 3 times every 24h, spraying for 3h each time, and drying for 1 h; 2) Each internal cycle (24 h): damp and hot time =240h/19d ≈ 12.5h/d, rounding down to 12h.
In conclusion, the comprehensive effect of the main environmental factors of the Hainan Wanning test station for one year is simulated through 19 times of external circulation.
Example 1
A7A 04-T6 aluminum alloy sample is adopted to carry out a laboratory simulation acceleration test, and the samples are standard tensile samples. And adopting tensile samples of the same batch, and simultaneously carrying out a natural environment atmosphere exposure test.
According to the accelerated test spectrum, an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box is adopted to carry out an acidic salt spray-drying and damp-heat cycle accelerated test. The average sedimentation amount of the acid salt mist is 1-2 ml/(80 cm) 2 H). Natural environment exposure test in marine atmospheric environment on the coast of 95m from the coast of the Hainan Wanning test stationAnd (4) carrying out an exposure field, wherein the sample is arranged on an exposure test frame, and the test frame faces south integrally and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Based on the environment damage equivalence principle, a chart comparison method and a rank correlation coefficient method are adopted to evaluate the consistency degree of the metal material corrosion rule in the laboratory simulated accelerated environment and the marine atmospheric natural environment; based on the principle of equal environmental damage, an accelerated conversion factor method is adopted to evaluate the equivalent acceleration relation of the two test environments.
Correlation evaluation-chart comparison method
Taking the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy as an example, drawing is performed according to tensile property change data of the material in a laboratory simulation acceleration test and a marine atmosphere natural environment exposure test, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the tensile property change trends of the aluminum alloy material under the laboratory environment and the corresponding natural environment conditions are consistent, and the fact that the aluminum alloy material and the material have strong correlation is shown.
Correlation evaluation-rank correlation coefficient method
And (3) evaluating the correlation between the laboratory simulation acceleration test result and the humid and hot ocean natural environment test result by using the reduction of area Z of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy as an evaluation index and adopting a Spearman rank correlation coefficient method (rhos).
Reduction of area X of 7A04-T6 in laboratory simulation accelerated test environment 1 = (17,14,11,10), reduction of area X in marine atmosphere environment 2 = (16,13,11,12), which corresponds to rank: x is the number of 1 ＝(1,2,3,4)；x 2 = (1,2,4,3), rank difference d z = =0,0, -1,1, calculated as rank correlation coefficient rhos =0.8.
Based on the tensile property change rule of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy and the numerical value of the rank correlation coefficient, the simulation of the laboratory simulation accelerated test environment on the marine atmospheric environment is better, and the simulation of the laboratory simulation accelerated test environment on the marine atmospheric environment is better in correlation with the marine atmospheric environment.
And (3) acceleration analysis: and (3) evaluating the equivalent acceleration relation of the performance change of the aluminum alloy material in two environments by adopting an accelerated transfer factor (ASF) method.
According to the data of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy tested in the laboratory simulation accelerated test environment and the marine atmospheric environment at different times,the fitting was performed with time as abscissa and reduction of area as ordinate, as shown in fig. 4. Model f1=4.63e for change of reduction of area with test time of 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy in laboratory simulation accelerated test environment -t/0.39 +11.41，R 2 =0.97, wherein t is the laboratory simulated accelerated test time, d (days). The change of the reduction of area of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy in the natural environment of the marine atmosphere along with the test time is f2=10.56e -T/49.22 +6.51，R 2 And =0.80, wherein T is the marine atmosphere natural environment test time, a (year).
The change graphs of the reduction of area of the material with time under two test environments are converted into the change of the retention rate of the reduction of area with time, the unit of the time is d (days), and as shown in fig. 5, the fitting formulas of the retention rate of the reduction of area and the time in the test environments are respectively as follows: retention of laboratory simulated environmental reduction of area (%) Y1=60.37e -t/47.3 +40.03，R 2 =0.98; retention rate (%) of reduction of area of marine atmosphere natural environment Y2=28.73e -T/139.01 +71.48，R 2 ＝0.82。
Table 1 shows the test time when the retention of the reduction of area of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy material reaches the same value under two test environments. The time T of the laboratory simulation accelerated test is taken as an independent variable, the ratio T/T of the test time of the marine atmospheric natural environment to the time of the laboratory simulation accelerated test is taken as a dependent variable, and the relation is shown in figure 6, so that the change of an accelerated conversion factor (ASF) along with the time T of the laboratory simulation accelerated test is obtained: ASF =0.11e t/6.58 +6.22，R 2 =0.96. According to the analysis, the acceleration rate reaches 17 times in the laboratory test for 30 days, which shows that the laboratory simulation acceleration test has very obvious acceleration.
TABLE 1 test time for the same level of retention of the plasticity index of the 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy in different test environments
Example 2
For a metal member I which is in service in an ocean atmospheric environment, an acceleration test can be carried out by combining the load condition of the metal member under the actual working condition, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the specific steps are as follows:
step 1, determining the external cycle time length T1 of a sample (a metal component I) in a single large cycle, and determining a load spectrum of the equivalent X time use strength of the sample under the actual working condition;
step 2, calculating the external cycle number N in a single large cycle according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to carry out a large circulation test according to the following mode, wherein the large circulation test comprises the following steps:
step 31: the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly, spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours;
step 32: a moist heat test, wherein after the acid salt spray test is completed, the moist heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours in an environment having a temperature of 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and a relative humidity of > 95%;
step 33: working condition load test, after the damp-heat test is finished, taking out a sample from the Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box, carrying out performance detection, and carrying out the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of equivalent X time use strength;
step 34: repeating the steps 31-33 for multiple times until N times of cycle tests are completed;
and 4, repeatedly implementing the step 3 for multiple times until the large-cycle test of all times is completed, finally taking out the sample for analysis and evaluation, and constructing a degradation track model according to the performance change data of the metal component to predict and evaluate the environmental adaptability of the component.
In the embodiment, step 3 is that a single environment-working condition load interaction test large cycle is formed by an acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external cycle with standard duration and a working condition load test corresponding to an equivalent X time use strength load, a plurality of large cycles are implemented in total, and after the end of each acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external cycle, a sample is taken out to carry out the working condition load test; after the large circulation, sampling and carrying out performance test.
Example 3
For a metal member II serving in an ocean atmospheric environment, an acceleration test can be carried out by combining the load condition borne by the metal member under the actual working condition, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, determining the external cycle time length T1 of a sample in a single large cycle, and determining a load spectrum of the equivalent X time use strength of the sample under the actual working condition of the single large cycle;
step 2, calculating the external cycle number N in a single large cycle according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to carry out a large circulation test according to the following mode, wherein the large circulation test comprises the following steps:
step 301: the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test comprises the steps of firstly spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the PH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours; then, the wet heat test was continuously conducted for 12 hours in an environment where the temperature was 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and the relative humidity was > 95% RH; repeating the step until the external circulation of the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test of the set times N is completed;
step 302: working condition load test, after step 301 is finished, taking out a sample from the Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box, carrying out performance detection, and carrying out the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of equivalent X time use strength;
and 4, repeatedly implementing the step 3 for multiple times until the large-cycle test of all times is completed, finally taking out the sample for analysis and evaluation, and constructing a degradation track model according to the performance change data of the metal component to predict and evaluate the environmental adaptability of the component.
In this example, step 301 substantially adopts the test spectrum shown in fig. 1, step 301 to step 302 substantially form a single environment-working condition load interaction test large cycle by a plurality of standard-duration acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external cycles and a plurality of working condition load tests corresponding to equivalent X time use strength loads, and after the N acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external cycles are finished, take out the sample to carry out the working condition load test for one time; sampling is carried out in the large circulation process of each environment-working condition load interaction test to carry out performance test.
Example 4
Based on the concept of the present invention, this embodiment provides a multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test system for a marine atmospheric environment of a metal material, which includes a computer device, where the computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and capable of being executed on the processor, and the processor implements the following steps when executing the program:
s1, reading the selected metal material type and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an external circulation time length T1;
s2, calculating the external circulation time length N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step S3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to continuously carry out an external circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each external circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly, spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours;
the wet heat test was carried out for 12 hours in an environment where the temperature was 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and the relative humidity was > 95% RH after the acid salt spray test was completed.
The system comprises computer equipment, wherein the computer equipment comprises a memory, a processor and a program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, and the processor is characterized in that the following steps are realized when executing the program:
s1, reading the selected metal material type and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an external circulation time length T1;
s2, calculating the external circulation time length N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step S3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to continuously carry out an external circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each external circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly, spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours; a wet heat test, wherein after the acid salt spray test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours in an environment with the temperature of 40 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95 percent RH;
and S4, after the set times of development in the step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to pause, prompting an operator to take out a sample through a display interface, and developing a working condition load test according to a load spectrum of equivalent X time use strength.
The invention comprehensively considers the interaction influence of main sensitive factors such as damp heat, salt spray, alternation of dryness and wetness and the like causing the corrosion of the metal material in the marine atmospheric environment, and the obtained accelerated test result is consistent with the actual marine atmospheric environment effect of the metal material and the structure; based on the environment equivalent conversion principle, the invention designs the marine atmospheric environment simulation accelerated test method of the metal material and structure combining the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external circulation and the acid salt spray-dry internal circulation, highlights the alternation between dry and wet, and the acid atmosphere-salt spray coupling effect, and effectively improves the correlation between the accelerated test result and the natural environment test result; the scheme of the invention has wide application range, is not only suitable for quick and accurate assessment of the adaptability of all metal materials and structural marine atmospheric environments, but also can be used for quick assessment of the adaptability of new materials and structural environments based on a benchmark sample; by adopting the scheme of the invention, the test can be flexibly carried out according to the test object, the test can be carried out through one or more standard-duration acid salt spray tests-damp-heat tests, the external circulation can be matched with any working condition load tests, the comprehensive action of main environmental factors of the month, the quarter and the year can be accurately simulated, the actual environmental damage process of the metal bearing structure can be truly reproduced, the coupling effect of the environment and the load can be accurately and reliably realized, and the technical support is provided for the rapid assessment and evaluation of the environmental adaptability of the metal component.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test method for a metal material in a marine atmospheric environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: and carrying out an accelerated test according to a preset test spectrum, wherein the test spectrum comprises an acid salt spray test-damp-heat test external cycle with a single cycle duration of 24h, the acid salt spray test is internally cycled for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 h-drying for 1h, and the single cycle duration of the damp-heat test is 12h.
2. The accelerated test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when spraying, using 5% NaCl solution and dilute sulphuric acid to adjust the salt solution with PH = 4-5, and controlling the temperature at 35 +/-1 ℃ in the spraying process; drying at 50 ℃ + -1 deg.C and relative humidity < 50% RH; the temperature during the damp-heat test was controlled to 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and the relative humidity > 95% RH.
3. A multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test method for a metal structure marine atmospheric environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a single environment-working condition load interaction test major cycle is formed by an acid salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycle with standard duration and a working condition load test with equivalent X time use strength, and after the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycle with standard duration is finished, a sample is taken out to carry out the working condition load test;
or a single environment-working condition load interaction test major cycle is formed by the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycle with M standard durations and the working condition load test with M equivalent X time use strength, and after the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycle with each standard duration is finished, the sample is taken out to carry out the working condition load test;
or a single environment-working condition load interaction test major cycle is formed by the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycle with K standard durations and the working condition load test with K equivalent X time use strengths, and after the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test outer cycle with K standard durations is finished, the sample is taken out again to carry out the working condition load test once;
for the external circulation of the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test, the acid salt spray test is internally circulated for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 h-drying for 1h, the single circulation duration of the damp-heat test is 12h, during spraying, 5-percent NaCl solution is adopted, dilute sulfuric acid is used for adjusting the pH of the saline solution to be 4-5, and the temperature during spraying is controlled to be 35 +/-1 ℃; during drying, the temperature is controlled to 50 +/-1 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 50 percent RH; the temperature during the damp-heat test was controlled to 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and the relative humidity > 95% RH.
4. An accelerated test method according to claim 3, characterized in that the steps comprise:
step 1, determining the external cycle time length T1 of a sample in a single large cycle, and determining the load spectrum of the equivalent X time use strength of the sample under the actual working condition in the single large cycle;
step 2, calculating the external cycle number N in a single large cycle according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to carry out a large circulation test according to the following mode, wherein the large circulation test comprises the following steps:
step 31: the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly, spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours;
step 32: a moist heat test, wherein after the acid salt spray test is completed, the moist heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours in an environment having a temperature of 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and a relative humidity of > 95%;
step 33: working condition load test, after the damp-heat test is finished, taking out a sample from the Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box, carrying out performance detection, and carrying out the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of equivalent X time use strength;
step 34: repeating the steps 31-33 for multiple times until N times of cycle tests are completed;
and 4, repeatedly implementing the step 3 for multiple times until all times of large-cycle tests are completed.
5. An accelerated test method according to claim 3, characterized in that the steps comprise:
step 1, determining the external cycle time length T1 of a sample in a single large cycle, and determining a load spectrum of the equivalent X time use strength of the sample under the actual working condition of the single large cycle;
step 2, calculating the external cycle number N in a single large cycle according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
step 3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to carry out a large circulation test according to the following mode, wherein the large circulation test comprises the following steps:
step 301: the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test comprises the steps of firstly spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the PH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours; then carrying out a damp heat test continuously for 12 hours in an environment having a temperature of 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and a relative humidity of > 95%; repeating the step until the external circulation of the acid salt spray test-damp-heat test of the set times N is completed;
step 302: working condition load test, after step 301 is finished, taking out a sample from the Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box, carrying out performance detection, and carrying out the working condition load test according to a load spectrum of equivalent X time use strength;
and 4, repeatedly implementing the step 3 for multiple times until all times of large-cycle tests are completed.
6. An accelerated test method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: for the occasion without acid atmosphere, the neutral salt spray test can be adopted to replace the acid salt spray test, and the PH value is adjusted to 6-7.
7. A multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test system for a marine atmospheric environment of a metal material comprises a computer device, wherein the computer device comprises a memory, a processor and a program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, and the processor is characterized in that the processor executes the program to realize the following steps:
s1, reading the selected metal material type and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an external circulation time length T1;
s2, calculating the external circulation time length N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
s3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to continuously carry out an external circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each external circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
the acid salt spray test comprises the steps of firstly, spraying a sample for 3 hours by using a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH = 4-5 in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then drying for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, internally circulating for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours and drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration time is 12 hours;
the wet heat test was carried out for 12 hours in an environment where the temperature was 40 ℃. + -. 1 ℃ and the relative humidity was > 95% RH after the acid salt spray test was completed.
8. A multi-factor coupling simulation accelerated test system for a marine atmospheric environment of a metal structure comprises computer equipment, wherein the computer equipment comprises a memory, a processor and a program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, and the processor is characterized in that the processor executes the program to realize the following steps:
s1, reading the selected metal material type and input test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise an external circulation time length T1;
s2, calculating the external circulation time length N according to the formula (1);
N＝T1/24……………(1)
s3, controlling an Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to continuously carry out an external circulation test according to the following mode, wherein each external circulation test sequentially comprises the following steps:
acid salt spray test, wherein a salt solution with 5 percent of NaCl solution and diluted sulfuric acid to adjust the pH of the salt solution with 4-5 is adopted to spray a sample for 3 hours in an environment with the temperature of 35 +/-1 ℃, then the sample is dried for 1 hour in an environment with the temperature of 50 +/-1 ℃, and the internal circulation is performed for 3 times in a mode of spraying for 3 hours to drying for 1 hour, wherein the total duration is 12 hours; a wet heat test, wherein after the acid salt spray test is finished, the wet heat test is continuously carried out for 12 hours in an environment with the temperature of 40 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95 percent RH;
and S4, after the set times of development in the step S3, controlling the Ascott AT2600IP composite salt spray test box to pause, prompting an operator to take out a sample through a display interface, and developing a working condition load test according to a load spectrum of equivalent X time use strength.
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