CN115594544B - 一种杀虫单和噻虫嗪的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂 - Google Patents
一种杀虫单和噻虫嗪的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
本发明属于药肥技术领域，具体涉及一种杀虫单和噻虫嗪的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂及其应用。一种杀虫单和噻虫嗪的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂，其特征在于，包含如下重量百分含量的组分：杀虫单0.01‑2％、噻虫嗪0.01‑1％、大量元素20‑40％、微量元素0.5‑10％，载体补足；所述的载体为凹凸棒土、白炭黑、高岭土或硅藻土以及改性硅藻土中的至少一种。本发明的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂具有优异的缓释效果，可以有效减低甘蔗螟虫发生，减低甘蔗枯心率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药肥技术领域，具体涉及一种杀虫单和噻虫嗪的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂及其应用。
背景技术
甘蔗是生长在热带及亚热带地区的经济作物，不仅是制造蔗糖的重要原料，还可提炼乙醇作为能源替代物。我国是世界上仅次于巴西和印度的第三大甘蔗生产国，且我国蔗糖产量占全国食糖产量的90％以上。广西是我国最大的甘蔗生产基地，甘蔗产量约占全国产量的60％。但是，每年螟虫对甘蔗的危害极其严重，这带来了严重的经济损失，损失额高达10亿元，有效防治甘蔗螟虫已成为提高甘蔗产量需解决的迫切问题。
随着各蔗区之间的引种，各蔗区甘蔗螟虫的种类发生了明显变化，主要表现为多种螟虫混合发生。目前各蔗区主要的螟虫种类有红尾白螟、二点螟、条螟、大螟和黄螟。甘蔗螟虫可在甘蔗整个生长期内对其进行不同程度的为害：为害甘蔗种苗后造成苗芽不能萌发出土；为害甘蔗苗后导致蔗苗生长点死亡造成枯心苗；为害生长中后期甘蔗致使蔗茎和茎基部被螟虫幼虫钻蛀取食造成虫孔节，茎内组织被破坏，影响甘蔗生长，降低糖分含量，严重影响甘蔗的产量和品质。据调查，苗期螟害枯心率一般在9-20％，严重的达30-60％，后期蔗茎螟害株率一般在40-60％，严重的达80％以上，甘蔗螟虫为害导致甘蔗产量损失5.3-44.5％，平均25.9％，糖分降低率可达0.8-5.6％，平均2.2％。甘蔗螟虫除幼虫取食甘蔗造成直接的损伤外，还增加了甘蔗赤腐病等侵染性病害侵染甘蔗的可能性。
目前，甘蔗螟虫防治最有效的是化学杀虫剂，但化学杀虫剂仅对甘蔗苗期螟害有一定的控制效果；由于甘蔗生长期长，螟虫发生种类多且为害时间长，化学杀虫剂很难在甘蔗的整个生长期内控制螟害，尤其在甘蔗生长的中后期，甘蔗成簇生长，蔗株高大，化学杀虫较难实施。而化学杀虫剂的长期使用，极易导致螟虫产生抗药性、生态平衡被破坏及环境污染等，带来较大的负面效应。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种杀虫单和噻虫嗪的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂及其应用。
本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种杀虫单和噻虫嗪的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂，其特征在于，包含如下重量百分含量的组分：杀虫单0.01-2％、噻虫嗪0.01-1％、大量元素20-40％、微量元素0.5-10％，载体补足。
所述的大量元素为氮肥、磷肥或钾肥中的至少一种；优选为尿素、硫酸铵、氯化铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钾、氯化钾、硫酸钾或硝酸钾。
所述的微量元素为铁、铜、锰、锌、硼或钼中的至少一种；所述的微量元素为钼酸钠、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁或硼酸。
所述的载体为凹凸棒土、白炭黑、高岭土或硅藻土以及改性硅藻土中的至少一种。
优选的，甘蔗药肥颗粒剂包含如下重量百分含量的组分：杀虫单0.1-0.5％、噻虫嗪0.01-0.5％、大量元素20-40％、微量元素0.5-10％，载体补足。
优选的，杀虫单0.45％、噻虫嗪0.05％。
优选的，所述改性硅藻土为酸洗改性硅藻土、碱洗改性硅藻土或焙烧改性硅藻土。
酸洗改性：将天然硅藻土烘干后研磨，过300目筛，然后将硅藻土放入的烧杯中，加入10％的硫酸，混合浸泡12-48h，浸泡完成后放置于90℃水浴锅中不断搅拌，水浴40-90min，抽滤，期间不断加入去离子水进行洗涤，直到硅藻土土样呈中性，并于40℃干燥24h备用。
碱洗改性：将天然硅藻土烘干后研磨，过300目筛，然后将硅藻土放入的烧杯中，采用1mol/L NaOH溶液浸泡12-48h，常温下匀速搅拌1-3h,后用超纯水冲洗至滤液为中性，并于40℃干燥24h备用。
焙烧改性：将天然硅藻土烘干后研磨，过300目筛，然后将硅藻土在300-600℃培烧2h进行热活化，再在105℃下活化1h，干燥冷却，即得到焙烧改性硅藻土。
本发明所述的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂用于防治甘蔗螟虫的用途，可减少甘蔗枯心率。
采用上述技术方案，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、与其其它吸附载体相比，杀虫单·噻虫嗪药肥颗粒中采用载体硅藻土具有优异的缓释性能，药后90d防效为在80％以上。
2、对硅藻土进行改性处理可以有效去除硅藻土中的杂质，可以改善硅藻土的孔隙结构，提高吸附能力和容量。
3、与其它改性相比，碱洗改性后硅藻土的空隙结构以及比表面积更优，可以显著提高吸附能力和容量，保持较长时间的缓释效果。另一方面，载体对杀虫剂的稳定性产生影响，碱洗改性后，载体的惰性程度增加。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施方式对本发明做进一步的解释说明。
实施例1：0.5％杀虫单·噻虫嗪药肥颗粒剂
上述药肥颗粒剂包含如下重量百分含量的组分：杀虫单0.45％、噻虫嗪0.05％、尿素8％、磷酸二氢钾4％、氯化钾4％、硫酸锌1％、硫酸锰1.5％，载体补足100％。
加工工艺：将杀虫单和噻虫嗪采用30％乙醇水溶液进行溶解后与载体混合并充分搅拌；然后加入将大量元素、微量元素和适量的水，充分搅拌混合后进行造粒，然后放置于烘箱内70℃下干燥，再经冷却、筛分得到产品。
其中配方5-7中采用的改性硅藻土的改性具体工艺如下：
酸洗改性：
将100g天然硅藻土烘干后研磨，过300目筛，然后将硅藻土放入的烧杯中，加入300mL 10％的硫酸，混合浸泡48h，浸泡完成后放置于90℃水浴锅中不断搅拌，水浴60min，抽滤，期间不断加入去离子水进行洗涤，直到硅藻土土样呈中性，并于40℃干燥24h备用。
碱洗改性：
将100g天然硅藻土烘干后研磨，过300目筛，然后将硅藻土放入的烧杯中，采用300mL 1mol/LNaOH溶液浸泡24h,常温下匀速搅拌2h,后用超纯水冲洗至滤液为中性,并于40℃干燥24h备用。
焙烧改性：
将100g天然硅藻土烘干后研磨，过300目筛，然后将硅藻土在450℃培烧2h进行热活化,再在105℃下活化1h,干燥冷却,即得到焙烧改性硅藻土。
表1不同载体药肥颗粒剂配方
实施例2：0.5％杀虫单·噻虫嗪药肥颗粒对甘蔗螟虫的田间防效测试
试验地：广西凤凰镇某农户甘蔗田，土地平整，已种植甘蔗7年，种植期间甘蔗螟虫危害较严重。
试验设计：小区面积150m2、小区随机区组排列，重复4次。采用种期沟施方式施肥，甘蔗播种时按设计使用剂量，先排中后施药肥，将药剂撒于甘蔗沟中，施后薄覆土、覆膜。施药后于药后60、90d分别调查，统计小区中总苗数和枯心苗，计算枯心率和防效。
枯心率＝枯心苗数/总苗数*100％；
防效＝(对照枯心率-处理枯心率)/对照枯心率*100％。测试结果见表2。
表2 0.5％杀虫单·噻虫嗪药肥颗粒对甘蔗螟虫的田间防效
如表2所示，不同载体的选择对药肥颗粒剂的缓释效果产生显著的影响。与凹凸棒土、白炭黑、高岭土相比，载体选用硅藻土后，药后90d的防效为83.3％，与其他载体制备的药肥颗粒剂之间具有显著差异。将硅藻土进行改性处理后，可以提高硅藻土对药剂的吸附性能。配方5-7药后90d的防效与配方1具有显著的差异性，其中碱洗改性硅藻土的缓释性能最优。
分析其可能是两方面的因素：一方面，与其它改性相比，碱洗改性后硅藻土的空隙结构以及比表面积更优，可以显著提高吸附能力和容量，保持较长时间的缓释效果；另一方面，载体对杀虫剂的稳定性产生影响，碱洗改性后，载体的惰性程度增加。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制。
Claims (3)
1.一种杀虫单和噻虫嗪的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂，其特征在于，包含如下重量百分含量的组分：杀虫单0.45％、噻虫嗪0.05％、尿素8％、磷酸二氢钾4％、氯化钾4％、硫酸锌1％、硫酸锰1.5％，载体补足100％；所述的载体为改性硅藻土；
所述改性硅藻土为碱洗改性硅藻土，具体处理方法为：将天然硅藻土烘干后研磨，过300目筛，然后将硅藻土放入的烧杯中，采用1mol/LNaOH溶液浸泡12-48h，常温下匀速搅拌1-3h，后用超纯水冲洗至滤液为中性，并于40℃干燥24h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的甘蔗药肥颗粒剂用于防治甘蔗螟虫的用途。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途，其特征在于，减少甘蔗枯心率。
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