CN115594419A - 具有电路的超薄层合玻璃组件 - Google Patents

具有电路的超薄层合玻璃组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115594419A
CN115594419A CN202210802213.0A CN202210802213A CN115594419A CN 115594419 A CN115594419 A CN 115594419A CN 202210802213 A CN202210802213 A CN 202210802213A CN 115594419 A CN115594419 A CN 115594419A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
assembly
laminated glass
glass
ultra
layer
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210802213.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
Y·邵
M·张
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuyao Glass Usa Co ltd
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Fuyao Glass Usa Co ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Fuyao Glass Usa Co ltd filed Critical Fuyao Glass Usa Co ltd
Publication of CN115594419A publication Critical patent/CN115594419A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/04—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer
    • C03C27/042—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
    • C03C27/046—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts of metals, metal oxides or metal salts only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
    • H05K1/0306—Inorganic insulating substrates, e.g. ceramic, glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
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    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
    • B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
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    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
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Abstract

一种层合玻璃组件、用于层合玻璃组件的电组件和形成层合玻璃组件的方法。该层合玻璃组件至少包括具有第一主表面和第二主表面的外部玻璃板、具有第一主表面和第二主表面的内部超薄玻璃板以及位于该外部玻璃板和该内部超薄玻璃板之间的中间膜层。该电组件连同导电介质一起位于该外部玻璃板和该内部超薄玻璃板之间，以在该层合玻璃组件和车辆电路之间提供信号路径。

Description

具有电路的超薄层合玻璃组件
本申请要求2021年7月8日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号 63/219,778和2022年2月21日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号 63/312,185的权益。
技术领域
本说明书总体上涉及层合玻璃组件，更具体地涉及具有超薄玻璃层和导电电路的层合玻璃组件，二者都用于增强该层合玻璃组件的功能。
背景技术
存在许多使用玻璃窗的应用。一个显著的例子是车辆挡风玻璃。典型的现代挡风玻璃是分层组件，其包括外玻璃、内玻璃和中间聚合物基材料的光学透明层。常规挡风玻璃组件经常包括通过焊接、印刷等方式与玻璃相连的导电迹线，其中该玻璃的厚度通常在约4和6毫米(mm)之间。令人遗憾的是，任何减小常规挡风玻璃组件厚度的尝试都会引起玻璃和导电迹线之间的不相容，特别是当使用涉及将该分层组件暴露于一个或多个的压差和高温的制造方法时。
发明内容
本文公开的各方面提供了在层合玻璃组件中利用超薄玻璃的方式，所述层合玻璃组件也包括导电特征(后者提供了用于诸如通信天线、窗户除霜器、抬头显示器(HUD)的电路)，以赋予该玻璃电致变色性能 (诸如产生了在颜色或不透明度上的变化)，以及其它性能，包括形成与照相机、传感器或其它电气装置集成的界面电路。然而，因为玻璃超薄层的使用非常光滑，所以本公开的作者发现它并不容易适用于常规印刷或相关沉积的方法，这些方法迄今为止都用于布置传统形式的导电电路、迹线或图案。他们还发现，即使将沉积的电路置于该超薄玻璃上，随后的用于制造该层合玻璃组件的热压处理或相关的真空温度环境也会不利地影响成品的品质。本公开的作者还发现，因为在重量、操作效率、强度、更好的环境保护和其他因素的改进是下一代汽车和相关车辆的重要设计考虑，所以使用具有至少一个超薄层以及与常规热压操作相兼容的电路的层合玻璃组件是未来这些车辆的关键使能技术(enabler)。
因此，根据本公开的一个方面，层合玻璃组件至少包括外部玻璃板层或片、内部超薄玻璃板层或片和位于该外部玻璃板和该内部超薄玻璃板层之间的中间膜层或片。此外，邻近该内部玻璃板层和该外部玻璃板层还放置了电组件以形成连接体，该连接体允许在该层合玻璃组件和车辆电流源之间传送信号。该电组件配置有柔性的、基于导电带的构造，其相对于该层合玻璃组件，以足以替代之前讨论的沉积迹线的方式放置。
此外，根据本发明的另一个方面，制造层合玻璃组件的方法包括将一对玻璃片放置在模具中，该玻璃片包括外层和超薄内层，其各自限定第一主表面和第二主表面。之后，加热并成形该对玻璃片，并在它们之间放置至少一个聚合物中间层。此外，相对于该对成形玻璃片，放置电组件使得该电组件的第一部分被置于所述外层和所述超薄内层之间，而该电组件的第二部分被置于所述超薄内层的第二主表面上。此外，对该对成形玻璃片、聚合物中间层和电组件一起使用压缩结合，使得空气基本上被去除。
附图说明
附图中阐述的实施方案本质上是说明性和示例性的，并不意图限制由权利要求书所限定的主题。当结合以下附图阅读时，可以理解以下对说明性实施方案的详细描述，其中，相似的结构用相似的附图标记表示，并且其中：
图1是根据本公开的层合玻璃组件的第一实施方案的局部边缘视图；
图2A和2B是图1的层合玻璃组件的连通性选择的局部边缘视图；
图3是构成图1的电组件一部分的舌形接头的透视图，该接头围绕构成层合玻璃组件的玻璃层之一的边缘弯曲；
图4是与导电介质电连接的舌形接头的边缘透视图；
图5是图4的舌形接头的一个实施方案的顶视图；
图6是图4的舌形接头的底视图；以及
图7是图4的舌形接头的一个实施方案的边缘剖视图。
具体实施方式
根据本公开的各个方面，超薄玻璃和新型导电性的组合改善了层合玻璃组件的技术。特别地，本公开的各个方面解决了实现更轻质的玻璃组件的技术问题，该玻璃组件具有改善的电连通性同时与最佳实践的玻璃组装技术相兼容。本文中的技术方案带来若干技术效果，包括减重组件的形成，其对层合玻璃与电路之间的缺陷连接具有更大抗性。
在本公开中，术语“挡风玻璃”及其变体一般是指光学透明玻璃组件，其被配置成用于放置在车辆的前视部分内，从而操作者或乘客能够沿着车辆的向前行进路径从挡风玻璃看出去，但也可以是指其他车辆玻璃组件，例如后窗、侧窗、车顶板等。该术语是被解释为仅具体地涵盖该前视的实施方案还是涵盖一个或多个其它实施方案，根据上下文将是显而易见的，注意所有这样的组件都被认为在本公开的范围内。同样在本公开中，用于挡风玻璃(以及其它玻璃组件，例如建筑或其它运输相关应用中的那些)的超薄玻璃层一般被定义为具有小于约1.5mm的厚度，并且包括厚度在0.4和1.2mm之间的范围内的特定变体。在许多实施方案中，内部超薄玻璃板具有在约0.4mm和1.2 mm之间，例如0.55mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm或1.0mm、1.1mm 的厚度。在许多实施方案中，外部玻璃板的厚度在约1.5mm和6mm之间，例如1.8mm、2.1mm、2.5mm、2.8mm、3.0mm、3.2mm、3.5 mm、3.8mm、4.0mm、4.5mm、4.8mm、5.0mm、5.5mm或6.0mm。尽管比常规层合玻璃更薄(常规层合玻璃的每一层具有在2mm和6mm 之间的厚度)，但如本文所公开的具有超薄层的挡风玻璃或其它层合玻璃组件具有期望的机械和光学性质，包括高强度、低脆性、耐刮擦和断裂性以及高度光滑度，同时维持了其对与热压处理和相关层合玻璃制造技术相关的热或压力有关的损伤的抗性。
首先参考图1、2A和2B，局部侧视图(也就是说，边缘)示出了根据本公开的超薄层合玻璃组件(也更简洁地称之为层合玻璃组件)100 的各方面。可以看出，该层合玻璃组件100形成多层光学透明结构，其包括外部玻璃板(或层)102、内部超薄玻璃板(或层)104和中间层 106。在挡风玻璃的背景下，该外部玻璃板102是取向或暴露于相应车辆(未示出)外部的玻璃板。同样，该内部超薄玻璃板104是取向或暴露于相应车辆内部车厢的玻璃板。应当理解，这些是参考方便的术语，从而本文公开的层合玻璃组件100不应被解释为仅限于使这些板取向为“外部的”和“内部的”，除非上下文清楚地另外指明。此外，术语“板”，在与外部玻璃板102和内部超薄玻璃板104结合使用时，是为了便于讨论；应当理解，并不要求这种“板”的表面是平面的，并且其可具有与其相关的一些弯曲(例如当用作车辆的挡风玻璃、后窗、侧窗、顶板等时，所述车辆例如为汽车、工业车辆、作业车辆、火车、飞行器等)。另外，附图中描绘的各部件之间的任何空间仅是为了易于可视化，且可以或可以不指示这些部件之间的连接的实际属性，特别是在该层合玻璃组件100的制造状态下。此外，应当理解，为了清楚可视化，可以夸大各种部件的所描绘的厚度。在这点上，各个元件和部件不一定按比例绘制。
外部玻璃板102包括第一主表面108和第二主表面110。在汽车挡风玻璃的背景下，出于空间取向目的，该第一主表面108充当车辆 (未示出)外面的外视表面，以使其面向(并且暴露于)周围(外部)环境，而该第二主表面110充当不暴露于周围环境的内视表面。举个例子，该外部玻璃板102可以由钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)等制成，并且在一个实施方案中具有在大约1.5和6mm之间的厚度。以类似的方式，内部超薄玻璃板104包括第一主表面112和第二主表面114，其中前者是外视的，后者是内视的，都具有如前所述的厚度，然而该内部超薄玻璃板104的其它(也就是说更薄)实施方案也在本公开的范围内。可以看出，该外部玻璃板102的第二主表面110和该内部超薄玻璃板104的第一主表面112都面向中间层106，该中间层在一种形式中可以是有机聚合物膜材料，例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、基于半结晶离聚物的材料(例如
Figure RE-GDA0003826108100000051
离子塑料(ionoplast)或等同物)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氨酯膜(PU)等。尽管该中间层106提供了结构完整性的一些措施，但是其主要目的是为了限制在冲击时层合玻璃组件100的震裂。
在一种形式中，该外部玻璃板102、中间层106和内部超薄玻璃 104永久地结合在一起，从而层合玻璃组件100实现隔音、隔热、红外防护或紫外防护中的至少一种。在一种形式中，可以使用多步骤的制造方法来形成层合玻璃组件100。这种工艺可以包括压缩结合，其本身就可以是多步骤工艺。例如，第一压缩结合步骤可包括将该对成形的玻璃片102、104、聚合物中间层106和电组件124(将在下面更详细地讨论)一起放置在真空袋(未示出)中，然后使它们经受部分抽真空的环境(例如，在约-10psi和-15psi之间)以及升高的温度(例如，在约160°F和230°F之间)。同样，第二压缩结合步骤可涉及使用升高的温度(例如，在约250°F和300°F之间)和压力(例如，在约140 psi和210psi之间)。至少该第二压缩结合步骤可以在高压釜(未图示)中进行。值得注意的是，结合本文所公开的制造步骤使用电组件124降低了在该电组件124与层合玻璃组件100的其余部分相接合的区域中形成气泡的可能性。以这种方式，避免了焊接后的玻璃分裂，然而不存在任何残留气泡是该电组件124与层合玻璃组件100的其余部分之间良好粘合性能的可靠指示。
导电介质120位于层合玻璃组件100内。该导电介质120可以是任何铜线、钨线、铝线、银线、印刷导电油墨或透明导电膜，该导电膜由各种材料制成，例如银或银合金或金属氧化物，例如氧化铟锡 (ITO)、氟掺杂的氧化锡(FTO)、锑掺杂的氧化锡(ATO)、铝掺杂的氧化锌(AZO)等。在一种形式中，该导电介质120可用于通过、沿着或穿过该层合玻璃组件100来传送电信号，以有利于某些与车辆相关的功能，例如车窗加热、除霜、防雾、不透明度或颜色改变、射频(RF)无线通信(例如通过天线)、或与HUD、照相机、传感器或其它车辆电子器件的连通性。也就是说，该导电介质120可以用于任何目的，该目的可能需要电信号以在该层合玻璃组件100中或周围进行操作，并且需要将其在该层合玻璃组件100和该车辆内的其它电子系统之间进行传送。在所示版本中，将该导电介质120置于焊料层130和该外部玻璃板102 的第二主表面110之间。通过避免焊料130和内部超薄玻璃板104之间的直接接触，减少了破裂或与热相关的其它问题的可能性。
作为实现从端子126到导电介质120的导电路径的方式，各种连通性选择和顺序都是可能的。如图1中具体所示，在放置于外部玻璃板102的第二主表面110上之前，焊料130、导电介质120和柔性金属带(也称为金属箔、金属片等)128彼此固定。如图2A中具体所示，在用该焊料130连接到该金属带128之前，先将该导电介质120预布置、沉积或以其它方式固定到该外部玻璃板102上。如图2B中具体所示，在将该导电介质120与该外部玻璃板102连接之前(或同时)，通过焊料130先将该金属带128与该导电介质120耦合。应当理解，所连接的导电介质120和金属带128可被放置在中间层106中或中间层 106上。同样，本文公开的连接选择的顺序仅是示例性的，为了促进制造的容易性以及成品层合玻璃组件100的总体结构完整性，也可以使用其他顺序或次序。
如从图1、2A和2B中都可看到的，在部件之间可以存在或可以不存在的各种空间仅仅是为了易于显示部件以及它们可以如何被耦合在一起。此外，为了清楚的讨论，厚度或长度可以被放大或缩小。在这点上，元件不一定按比例绘制。这样，电组件124和导电介质120的精确构造(以及如何连到层合玻璃组件100的其它部分)可采用众多可选形式。在第一可选形式中，将该导电介质120形成为直接位于外板102的第二主表面110上的银图案。在第二可选形式中，将该导电介质120形成为放置在中间层106上或以其它方式与中间层106配合的导电线(例如使用上述铜、钨、银、铝等)。在第三可选形式中，将该导电介质120与绝缘外部本体142一起被固定到金属带128(两者将在下文中更详细地论述)的一部分上，以便实施其与迹线或其它车辆电子引线的电连通性。值得注意的是，该电组件124的总厚度使得当在该层合玻璃组件100的边缘上折叠时，此厚度与随后折叠的曲率半径之比使得内应力和与剪切相关的变形足够低以避免该电组件124的破裂或相关损坏，以及促进与该层合玻璃组件100的表面的基本平坦的配合；当对层合玻璃组件100进行热压处理和相关的形成层合玻璃的操作时，该最后一个特征是特别有益的。在本公开内，该电组件124 被弯曲、折叠、缠绕或以其他方式围绕层合玻璃组件100的层的边缘放置同时保持其结构完整性(也就是说，基本上没有裂纹或其他机械性质受损的迹象)以及相当程度的平坦性(即，没有明显的表面起伏，否则表面起伏将导致间隙和相关制造缺陷)的能力意味着电组件124是柔性电组件。
接下来结合图1参考图3至7，电组件124用于在车辆电子器件和层合玻璃组件100之间传送电流和相关信号。应当理解，尽管在图中示出了单个电组件124，但是根据需要，可以在该层合玻璃组件100 的表面上的各个位置处使用多个电组件124。同样应当理解，通过配置电组件124和层合玻璃组件100使其以本文所公开的方式与导电介质120配合，相对于常规挡风玻璃或后窗组件而言，实现了增强的电气功能，包括提供具有不同功率密度的多个加热区的能力，其中一些加热区可以彼此重叠。相关地，可形成不同的天线或相关的无线通信电路，其也具有在整个挡风玻璃或后窗组件上形成的频率特定的结构。
如图5中具体所示，电组件124被单独地描述为一个细长结构，其被配置成一个舌形接头，该舌形接头具有在一端终止于尾部的第一部分124A和在相对端终止于头部的第二部分124B。在一个实施方案中，该电组件124的长度总共为大约65mm。该电组件124包括多个部件，包括电连接到柔性金属带128的端子126。端子126置于第二部分124B的头端。尽管理论上示出为大致上杆状(post-like)柱形状，该形状具有带有杯形的上部和曲线形的侧壁，但是应当理解，该端子126可采用任何形状(包括正方形或多边形)以适用于提供与车辆电子装置的必要电连通性，例如通过端子连接体和一个或多个线、线组件或相关结构(均未示出)。另外，该端子126可以被配置成专用电子终端、通用电子终端、非接触无线导电模块等。该端子126，例如通过焊接或其它固定方法，可被耦合到放大的圆形端子垫140，其形成了金属带128的一部分。在一个实施方案中，该端子垫140和金属带 128的长度的大部分可被封装在绝缘外部本体142中，该绝缘外部本体可由聚合物带或膜制成，例如DuPontTM
Figure RE-GDA0003826108100000081
聚酰亚胺膜。在一种形式中，可改变该绝缘外部本体142的尺寸以限定出一个与封装的金属带128和端子垫140的紧密共形配合。在其最宽处，该绝缘外部本体142的直径大约为16mm，并且变窄至宽度大约5.5mm。在一种形式中，金属片128的厚度在大约0.2和1mm之间，并具有大约1.0 到5.0mm的宽度，而在更特别的形式中，厚度为大约0.3mm，且宽度为大约3.5mm，以促进在该绝缘外部本体142内的封装的容易性。应理解，特定的电要求可规定或实现其它厚度或宽度，且所有此类尺寸变体被视为在本公开的范围内。
在一种形式中，金属带128由镀锡铜制成。此外，该金属片128 可形成为单片的单一箔片，或者由焊接(或以其它方式耦合)在一起的多片金属条形成。应当理解，通过具有基于箔的结构，该金属带128 的大致平面的且相对的第一和第二主表面具有比它们各自的边缘方向的次表面大得多的尺寸，正如该绝缘外部本体142的情形一样。
值得注意的是，电组件124的第二部分124B(其包括头部和包括端子垫140的相邻区域)通过结构结合带134(例如3MTMSBT)与内部超薄玻璃板104的第二主表面114相耦合。以这种方式，直接位于该结构结合带134上方(如图1、2A和2B所示)的端子126和金属带128 的部分以及绝缘外部本体142与内部超薄玻璃板104的大致平坦且位于下方的第二主表面114形成了牢固的粘合连接，而不必使内部超薄玻璃板104的那一侧暴露于任何需要使用大量热的焊接、熔接或相关连接方法，否则所述大量热可能损坏内部超薄玻璃板104。在一种形式中，该结构结合带134的粘合力可以大于80牛顿(18磅)。同样，该结构结合带134可具有双面粘合性质。
如图1、2A、2B、3和7中具体所示，压敏胶带136可置于沿电组件124的细长尺寸的至少一部分上，特别是沿其第一部分124A，以及 (取决于所需的粘附程度，如图2B所示)其如何沿第一和第二部分124A、 124B二者的基本上全部延伸，如图5中以示例性方式所示，留下金属带128的相对短的暴露部分128A。在一种形式中，该压敏胶带136的厚度可以在约0.1和0.4mm之间。通过结合薄的柔性构造和使用该压敏胶带136，端子126和绝缘外部本体142的一部分以及金属带128 可以与内部超薄玻璃板104的第二主表面114结合，而该金属带128的剩余部分和该绝缘外部本体142可以在层合玻璃组件100的边缘上被缠绕或折叠，并且夹在该内部超薄玻璃板104的第一主表面112与中间层106和外部玻璃板102中的一个或另一个之间延伸。在进行此折叠时，可连接该电组件124使得该第二部分124B和该端子126面向内(也就是说，当层合玻璃组件100被配置为汽车挡风玻璃时，朝向车厢)，而第一部分124A和包含焊料130的区域面向外(也就是说，当该层合玻璃组件100被构造为汽车挡风玻璃时，朝向周围外部环境)，如在别处指出的，其远离该内部超薄玻璃板104。在一种形式中，其它黏合剂，例如结构黏合剂、基于PU的黏合剂、热熔黏合剂、速干黏合剂、环氧树脂、光固化结构黏合剂、厌氧黏合剂或其组合，可以用于代替或与该压敏胶带136结合，并且所有这些变体都在本公开的范围内。
特别参照图4，示出了与导电介质120耦合的电组件124的边缘透视图，其中，为了易于观察，省略了包括外部玻璃板102、内超薄玻璃板104和中间层106在内的许多部件。如本文所讨论的，该导电介质120可以对应于挡风玻璃安装的或挡风玻璃集成的电路，其可以用于在层合玻璃组件100和车辆电子器件(未示出)之间传送电信号，以用于执行加热、除霜、防雾、选择性不透明或颜色改变、接收无线信号、用于实施HUD、用于与相机、传感器或其他车辆电子设备相连的目的。在一种形式中，可配置导电介质120为预布置的金属线(例如，由铜、钨等制成)，而在另一种形式中，配置为导电迹线(由金属基的膏、导电油墨等制成，使用银、银合金或相关的导电材料)，其可以被沉积或以其他方式施加到玻璃层之一的适当表面上。如所示，可通过接收垫150处的焊料沉积物148将该导电介质120与在金属带128的暴露部分128A处的该电组件124连接。值得注意的是，该电组件124的细长属性允许将该导电介质120的接收垫150以更远离该层合玻璃组件 100的边缘的方式设置。虽然该电组件124与该层合玻璃组件100的一个或多个层之间的焊接或有关连接点的精确位置可以根据最终用途而变化，但是在实际意义上，焊接点的位置可以是距玻璃层的边缘大约10mm和20mm之间的一些地方。这种设置，连同该电组件124与构成该层合玻璃组件100的主体的一个或多个玻璃或聚合物层之间的低温粘合方法，将有助于减少起泡、破裂、碎裂或其他可由焊接或层合制造工艺的其它部分引起的可能缺陷。
接下来参考图5，示出了构成电组件124的一部分的舌形接头的一个实施方案的顶视图。下面讨论该实施方案的一些代表性尺寸。该舌形接头具有总长度LT(如前所述，其可为大约65mm)，并在端子垫 140(和绝缘外部本体142)所限定的最宽部分处限定了直径大约16 mm的大致圆形的形状，其也如前所示。在封装金属带128的绝缘外部本体142中形成切口(cutout)144，以允许该金属带128和端子126 的直接电接触。例如，可以为该端子126提供11mm的圆形切口。中间部分124C限定了该电组件124的大致矩形部分，其位于头部和尾部之间并且与第一和第二部分124A、124B中的一个或两个桥接。可配置中间部分124C的长度的部分L1以具有一个可选的剥离片，其可以充当(或以其他方式与其协作)释放衬里124D，该释放衬里在移除时将使下面的黏合剂例如粘附到金属带128的背面的压敏胶带136暴露，如图1、2A和2B所示。通过断续的横向延伸的冲切口的存在，该释放衬里124D目前被示具有离散长度L1；应当理解，它们的数量和频率可由所需压敏胶带136的暴露量(以及随后发生在该电组件124与层合玻璃组件100的一个或多个相向相邻表面之间的粘合)来规定。配置该中间部分124C的长度的另一部分L2使得共有边缘形成了分隔件 124E，该分隔件限定了沿该电组件124的位置，该位置在折叠该电组件124时，与层合玻璃组件100的该边缘(而不是主表面之一)相邻，例如图3所示。在这种情况下，当折叠和与该层合玻璃组件100相连接时，从车辆的客舱观察时，该中间部分124C与L1相对应的部分将被视为直接置于该中间部分124C与L2相对应的部分上方。这样，该分隔件124E可使得，对于制造者或安装者来说，容易将该电组件124 与该层合玻璃组件100对准。应当理解，该分隔件124E可以是物理的或概念性的，以限定一个转折点124F(如图3和4所示)，其对应于该电组件124围绕层合玻璃组件100的边缘缠绕的位置。在该分隔件 124E是物理实施方案的情况下，它也可以通过已知的切割方法形成，例如通过冲切等。
在一种形式中，第一长度L1可以是大约9mm，而第二长度L2可以是大约6至8mm。第一部分124A处的尾部被示出为两段，以长度 L3和长度L4来表示，其中，应当理解，L3一般对应于金属带128的暴露部分128A，L4通常对应于焊料沉积物(例如焊料130)，其在一种形式中可为大约0.2mm厚。在一种形式中，尾部的组合长度L3+L4为大约10.5mm，其中L3为大约4.1mm，而L4为大约6.4mm。由于尾部对应于该金属带128的未被包覆在绝缘外部本体142中的部分，所以其宽度(在一种形式中为大约3.5mm)比中间部分124C和第二部分 124B更窄。
特别参照图6，示出了构成图5中的电组件124一部分的舌形接头的实施方案的底视图。在示例性构造中，端子垫140的背面限定了大致圆形的形状，该形状被一层胶带所覆盖，例如先前讨论的结构结合带134。在示例性构造中，包含该端子垫140和结构结合带134的第二部分124B的远端的长度L5，其包括从肩部向下进入中间部分124C 的颈部，可以是大约20mm。长度L6和L7对应于该中间部分124C，其中L6的长度可为约24至26mm，L7的长度可为约9mm，该长度可被类似于上述剥离片124D的剥离片、释放衬里或其它装置覆盖，以保护下面的黏合剂，直到使用。长度L8类似于图5所示的L3+L4，具体地长度为10.5mm，并且形成了金属带128的远尾端的暴露部分128A。
特别参考图7，边缘剖视图示出了对应于图5和6所示的长度L1 至L8的各个部件的协作。可以看到，金属带128(用斜阴影线示出)沿着电组件124的几乎整个长度延伸。端子126位于形成在垂直阴影部分中的圆形切口中，该部分表示绝缘外部本体142。以这种方式，该端子126可与在第二部分124B的头端处的该金属带128相连接。如所示，这种连接可以通过熔接、焊接或确保该端子126和该金属带128 之间的电连续性的相关连接机构127来实现。以斜线阴影示出结构结合带134在该金属带128下面的第二部分124B的头端。在观察电组件124的正面时，剥离片124D(以及伴随的释放层)被放置在绝缘外部本体142的长度的一部分的上表面上，而之前所述的黏合剂层被置于该剥离片124D和该绝缘外部本体142之间。尽管未示出，如之前结合该剥离片124D所讨论的，在另一种形式中，该剥离片124D可被制成与该绝缘外部本体142的顶表面共平面，使得在去除该剥离片124D 时，暴露该金属带128的一部分。可将焊料130的层置于位于第一部分124A的尾端的金属带上。如前所述，当在转折点124F处对折该电组件124时，该转折点是沿着第一部分124A或中间部分124C的一个地方，所得到的形状使得该焊料130面向端子126和内部超薄玻璃板 104的相反方向；以这种方式，在将该电组件124连接到该层合玻璃组件100的各层时，可将该焊料130布置成与图1、2A和2B所示的导电介质120或外部玻璃板102以面向相邻的方式相接触。在观察电组件124的背面时，该结构结合带134与该绝缘外部本体142的下表面以及黏合剂层(诸如前述的压敏胶带136)大致共面。剥离片(诸如一种类似于前述剥离片124D的)可设置在黏合剂的顶部，使得在移除该剥离片时，暴露黏合剂。
尽管未示出，但应当理解，可以形成其他形状和尺寸的电组件124，并且所有这些都在本公开的范围内。例如，在一个实施例中，总长度 LT可以是大约91mm，而在另一个示例中，当从第二部分124B延伸到第一部分124A时没有锥度，使得宽度W保持恒定的16mm。类似地，取决于本实施方案固定到层合玻璃组件100的其余部分的方式，各种长度L1至L8可以具有不同的尺寸。以类似的方式，该电组件124可在概念上被分成若干区域，包括第一区域124A、第二区域124B和中间部分124C，其中一个或多个区域可以包括选择使用的黏合剂(例如先前讨论的压敏胶带136)，并且如果需要，包括释放层、剥离片124D 等。
本文所用的术语仅是为了描述特定实施方案，而不是旨在进行限制。如本文所用，单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另有明确指示。还将理解，术语“包含”及其变体“含有”在本说明书中使用时，规定了所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件或组分的存在，但不排除一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组分或其组合的存在或添加。
在本公开内，前置短语“至少一个”的使用被认为是同时具有连接和转折属性的开放式表达。例如，陈述“A、B和C中的至少一个”(其中A、B和C是前置短语所参照的确定或不确定物)的权利要求意指单独的A、单独的B、单独的C、一起的A和B、一起的A和C、一起的 B和C或一起的A、B和C。
在本公开中，以下权利要求不是以装置加功能的格式来撰写的，并且其并不意图基于35USC 112(f)来解释，除非并且直到这样的权利要求限定明确使用短语“用于……的装置”且随后是功能陈述而没有进一步的结构。就任何装置或步骤加功能元件在现在或未来可包含在权利要求书中的程度来说，所有装置或步骤加功能元件的任何相应结构、材料、动作和等同物意图包括用于与特定要求保护的其它保护元件组合来执行功能的任何结构、材料或动作。
本公开的描述仅出于说明的目的而呈现，因此并不意图穷举或限制的。在不背离本公开的范围和精神的情况下，许多修改和变化对于本领域普通技术人员将是可见的。选择和描述本公开的各方面以最好地解释所公开的主题的原理和实际应用，并使得本领域其他普通技术人员能够理解，对于具有各种修改的各种实施方案，同样适合于所设想的特定用途。

Claims (21)

1.一种层合玻璃组件，包含：
多层结构，其包含外部玻璃板、内部超薄玻璃板和设置在所述外部玻璃板和所述内部超薄玻璃板之间的中间膜层；
导电介质，其限定了位于所述外部玻璃板和所述内部超薄玻璃板之间的电路；以及
电组件，其将所述多层结构信号连接到所述导电介质，所述电组件包含：
端子；
金属带，其将所述端子电连接到所述导电介质；
绝缘外部本体，其设置于所述金属带的至少一部分的周围；以及
至少一种黏合剂，其固定到所述绝缘外部本体的至少一部分上，使得在粘合固定所述电组件到所述多层结构和所述导电介质时，所述电组件限定了柔性构造，该构造允许围绕所述多层结构的边缘缠绕。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述电组件被配置为舌形接头，所述舌形接头具有相对于宽度尺寸而言细长的长度尺寸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述舌形接头与所述内部超薄玻璃板相结合。
4.根据权利要求2所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述舌形接头是单个接头端子或多个接头端子。
5.根据权利要求1所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述外部玻璃板的材料选自钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚碳酸酯，并且所述外部玻璃板的厚度在1.5毫米和6毫米之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述内部超薄玻璃板的材料选自高铝硅酸盐玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃和锂铝硅酸盐玻璃中的至少一种，并具有在0.4和1.2毫米之间的厚度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述中间膜层是有机聚合物中间膜材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述有机聚合物中间膜材料选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、离子塑料、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯膜及其组合。
9.根据权利要求7所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述有机聚合物中间膜材料是具有彩色膜层的材料。
10.根据权利要求7所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述有机聚合物中间膜材料是无色透明膜层。
11.根据权利要求7所述的层合玻璃组件，其中在高温预压或抽真空以及高温和高压加工之后，所述外部玻璃板、所述中间膜层和所述内部超薄玻璃被永久地结合在一起。
12.根据权利要求1所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述导电介质是金属线或透明导电膜，并且所述金属层选自金、金合金、银、银合金、铜、铜合金、铝、铝合金、钼或钼合金。
13.根据权利要求1所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述导电介质是铜线、钨线、铝线或银线，并且所述导电介质用于实施加热、除霜、防雾、变色和接收无线信号中的至少一个。
14.根据权利要求1所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述导电介质是透明导电膜，所述透明导电膜包括金属涂层、金属合金层或金属氧化物层。
15.根据权利要求14所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述透明导电膜是包含银或银合金的金属合金层。
16.根据权利要求14所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述透明导电膜是金属氧化物层，所述金属氧化物层包括氧化铟锡层、氟掺杂的氧化锡层、锑掺杂的氧化锡层或铝掺杂的氧化锌层。
17.根据权利要求1所述的层合玻璃组件，其中所述多层结构是光学透明的。
18.一种用于层合玻璃组件的电组件，所述电组件包含：
端子；
金属带，其电连接到所述端子；
绝缘外部本体，其设置于所述金属带的至少一部分的周围；以及
至少一种黏合剂，其固定到所述绝缘外部本体的至少一部分以限定柔性构造，所述柔性构造被配置成当围绕具有小于四毫米的总厚度的层合挡风玻璃组件的边缘缠绕时保持基本平坦。
19.一种形成层合玻璃组件的方法，所述方法包括：
将一对玻璃片放置在模具中，所述玻璃片包括外层和超薄内层，所述外层和超薄内层各自限定第一主表面和第二主表面；
加热并成形该对玻璃片；
在该对加热并成形的玻璃片之间放置至少一个聚合物中间层；
相对于该对成形的玻璃板折叠柔性电组件，使得将所述电组件的第一部分设置在所述外层与所述超薄内层和所述聚合物中间层中的至少一个之间，而将所述电组件的第二部分设置在所述超薄内层的第二主表面上，所述柔性电组件包含存在于其至少一个表面上的黏合剂；以及
将该对成形的玻璃片、所述聚合物中间层和所述电组件一起压缩结合以形成所述层合玻璃组件，使得在使用温度和压力中的至少一个固化所述黏合剂的同时，空气基本上被除去。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中所述黏合剂包括多种黏合剂，每种黏合剂沿着所述柔性电组件的不同部分设置。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述柔性电组件还包含端子、通过所述多种黏合剂中的一种与所述端子电连接的金属带、以及绝缘外部本体，所述绝缘外部本体设置于所述金属带的至少一部分的周围并且具有所述多种黏合剂中的另一种黏合剂固定到其表面上。
CN202210802213.0A 2021-07-08 2022-07-07 具有电路的超薄层合玻璃组件 Pending CN115594419A (zh)

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