CN115590874A

CN115590874A - Application of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in preparation of medicines or health-care foods

Info

Publication number: CN115590874A
Application number: CN202211588212.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 岳中宝; 贺瑞坤; 吴新星; 张旭光; 汪玉芳
Original assignee: BY Health Co Ltd
Current assignee: BY Health Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-12
Filing date: 2022-12-12
Publication date: 2023-01-13

Abstract

The application provides an application of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in preparing medicines or health-care foods, wherein the medicines or the health-care foods are medicines or health-care foods for inhibiting AGEs, medicines or health-care foods for treating AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, or medicines or health-care foods for relieving AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms. The application proves that the malvidin-3-O-glucoside can inhibit AGEs, can treat AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, or relieve AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptom generation through experiments, and has higher activity compared with common AGEs inhibitor aminoguanidine, so that a new idea is provided for inhibiting AGEs, treating AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, or relieving AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms.

Description

Application of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in preparation of medicines or health-care foods

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of pharmaceutical preparations, in particular to application of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in preparation of medicines or health-care foods.

Background

Advanced glycation end products (advanced glycation end products AGEs) refer to stable covalent adducts formed by macromolecules such as proteins, lipids or nucleic acids, which spontaneously react with glucose or other reducing monosaccharides without the involvement of enzymes. It is the end product of the non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction (Maillard reaction), and is the product of the binding of excess sugar to the protein. There are dozens of identified AGEs, such as carboxymethyl lysine (CML), carboxyethyl lysine (CEL), pyrrol, etc.

AGEs are derived from two sources in the body, one is that excess sugars and proteins synthesize AGEs in the body, and the other is that AGEs present in the food are taken into the body by eating. AGEs are able to combine with and destroy the tissue cells of the body. Normally, AGEs in the body can be cleared by the kidneys. However, AGEs accumulate in vivo with age or under certain pathological conditions, which may cause significant adverse effects such as damage to the body, interfere with normal physiological and biochemical processes in vivo, affect normal metabolism of the body, and cause the occurrence and development of diseases. In pathological conditions, AGEs may be present in the corresponding pathological tissues.

There are two main pathogenic mechanisms of AGEs. First, AGEs accumulate both intracellularly and extracellularly in all tissues and fluids, altering the structure and function of cellular proteins through glycation and cross-linking. Glycosylation of proteins affects their normal function by disrupting molecular conformation, interfering with receptor function, or altering enzymatic activity. In addition, AGEs are also cross-linked with other intracellular and extracellular molecules (such as lipids and nucleic acids) resulting in structural and functional changes that affect their normal function. Second, AGEs can interact with specific cell surface receptors, thereby altering intracellular signaling, gene expression, promoting reactive oxygen species production and activation of inflammatory pathways.

The current research proves that AGEs can accelerate the aging of human bodies and cause a plurality of chronic degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarticular diseases, kidney diseases and the like. Studies have shown that elevated levels of AGEs are a risk factor for the development of diabetes and complications. AGEs are independent risk factors for insulin resistance, and multiple regression analysis results show that AGEs levels are independently related to insulin resistance in healthy subjects. In another study, over 300 non-diabetic patients were examined to confirm that serum AGEs levels were independently correlated with HOMA-IR. The results of 1 year clinical trials conducted by researchers on 138 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome showed that a low AGEs diet improved insulin resistance in the test population and possibly reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes without a substantial weight loss compared to the high AGEs diet group. In addition, the hyperglycemia of the diabetic patients can further promote the glycosylation reaction process, promote the increase of AGEs level and further cause the occurrence of related complications. The content of AGEs in liver cells and renal tubules of the diabetic patients is obviously increased through staining. Overexpression of β -growth factor and increased concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor are found in the glomeruli and tubules. AGEs binding to specific receptors results in the over-expression of cytokines that may play an important role in diabetic vascular complications, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), diabetic Nephropathy (DN), atherosclerosis.

Increased AGEs levels are closely associated with decreased cognitive abilities in the elderly. Studies have shown that AGEs are significantly increased in the brain and central nervous system of patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's disease, and that increased AGEs levels are mainly concentrated in tissue regions with significant pathological features (e.g. hippocampus of alzheimer's disease). Furthermore, it was found that dietary AGEs or their precursors may lead to a loss of selective permeability of the blood brain barrier. Results of alzheimer mouse experiments show that exogenously ingested AGE can reduce SIRT1 expression, thereby increasing β -amyloid and plaque production through the depolymerin and metalloprotease pathways. A cross-sectional study with the elderly showed that high levels of AGEs diet were associated with a more rapid memory decline.

The increase of AGEs level is closely related to the occurrence of osteoarticular diseases. The glycosylation pathway is considered to be one of the important factors leading to osteoporosis. Elevated serum AGEs levels, such as pentoside and CML, are found in patients with osteoporosis. Studies have shown that non-enzymatic glycosylation is a new factor affecting bone remodeling. AGEs accumulated in the bone matrix affect osteoblast differentiation and proliferation by binding to its receptor. In these cells, binding of AGEs to RAGE activates NF-. Kappa.B, resulting in increased expression of cytokines, growth factors, and cell adhesion molecules. This triggers an inflammatory process and induces oxidative stress, leading to osteoblast dysfunction and bone remodeling disorders. One of the major age-related changes in articular cartilage is an increase in AGEs levels. From the age of 20 years ago, AGEs accumulate in the collagen and proteoglycans of articular cartilage. The accumulation of AGEs in articular cartilage also leads to an increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis as it AGEs. Recent studies have found that elevated levels of AGEs can negatively affect articular cartilage by increasing its stiffness, increasing chondrocyte-mediated proteoglycan degradation, decreasing proteoglycan synthesis, and inducing degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM).

In addition, a number of empirical studies have shown that elevated levels of AGEs are associated with a variety of diseases such as skin aging, polycystic ovary syndrome, wound healing, periodontitis, erectile dysfunction, anemia in elderly women, slow walking in the elderly, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, obstructive sleep apnea, cancer, schizophrenia, alzheimer's disease, higher all-cause mortality, severity of coronary atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease mortality, and metabolic syndrome in adults and children.

AGEs play an important role in the development or progression of a variety of diseases, and lowering their levels is positive for health benefits. Methods for reducing circulating AGEs include inhibiting the formation of AGEs, accelerating the catabolism of existing AGEs or inhibiting the crosslinking of AGEs, and blocking the biological response of AGEs. Inhibition of AGEs formation may occur by several mechanisms, including aldose reductase, antioxidant activity, reactive dicarbonyl capture, sugar autoxidation inhibition, and amino binding.

Anthocyanins are compounds formed by combining anthocyanidins and saccharides, are widely present in cell sap of flowers, fruits, stems, leaves and root organs of plants, are different in color from red, purple red to blue and the like, and are water-soluble pigments with bright colors. The anthocyanin belongs to flavonoid compounds, and the skeleton structure of the anthocyanin is 2-phenyl benzopyran cation. At present, more than 20 anthocyanins are known, and the most common anthocyanins are 6 anthocyanins, namely cyanidin (Cy), pelargonidin (Pg), delphinidin (Dp), petuniain (Pt), peoniflorin (Pn) and malvidin (Mv), and the anthocyanins are mainly different from one another in a group R ₁ And R ₂ A change in (c).

According to preliminary statistics, tens of thousands of plants of 27 families, 73 genera, have been found to contain anthocyanins. Over 500 anthocyanins are currently isolated from plants. Various anthocyanins can exhibit different shades of yellow, red, violet, black, etc., depending on their ability to form resonance structures, substituents on the C6-C3-C6 nucleus and environmental factors.

Free anthocyanidins are very unstable and are generally present in nature in the form of glycoside conjugates. Its glycoside form is more stable than aglycone and therefore exists mainly as glycoside (glycoside), i.e., anthocyanin, in plants. Typically these glycosides include mono-glucosides, di-glucosides and acyl derivatives. In the known anthocyanins or anthocyanidins, the majority are present in glycosidated form, the glycoside-forming sugars being mainly glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and the disaccharides and trisaccharides composed of these monosaccharides, the common diglycosides being sophorose, rutinose and sambucobiose, etc. The sugar and anthocyanin are linked by O-bonds, mainly at the 3-, 5-and 7-carbon positions, with a small proportion being linked to the 3' -carbon position, and almost all anthocyanins will be glycosidated at the 3-position.

Further, anthocyanins in plants are also present as acylated anthocyanins, which are formed by ester bond bonding of organic acids, and the most common acids involved in glycosyl acylation are various hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic acid, etc., fatty acids such as malic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, etc., and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, etc. The number of hydroxyl groups in anthocyanin molecules, the methylation degree of hydroxyl groups, the type, quantity and position of sugars attached to anthocyanin molecules, the type and number of fatty acids or aromatic acids attached to sugar molecules, the different actions of anthocyanin molecules with other substances and the like cause the existence of various anthocyanins in nature.

Related research is also carried out on inhibition of AGEs by anthocyanin monomers. For example, researches prove the inhibition effect of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and paeoniflorin-3-O-glucoside on AGEs.

A master paper ' research on structure-activity relationship and mechanism of medium-pressure rapid separation preparation of anthocyanin monomers and inhibition of fluorescent glycosylation end products ' on the activity of seven anthocyanins in inhibition of fluorescent glycosylation end products ' shows that anthocyanins with large molecular weight and large glycosyl number have more hydroxyl groups, can form more hydrogen bonds and other intermolecular forces with protein, and anthocyanins with large molecular weight have larger steric hindrance, can effectively prevent carbonyl compounds from glycosylation modification on beta-Lg, and further has good glycosylation inhibition effect. In the research of the oxidation resistance and the structure-activity relationship of the procyanidin, the oxidation resistance of the procyanidin of which the B ring has a pyrogallol structure is higher than that of the procyanidin of which the B ring has catechol, and the influence of the pyrogallol structure on the oxidation resistance of the procyanidin is the largest. Since glycosylation is accompanied by oxidation change, it is presumed that anthocyanin having a pyrogallol structure in the mother nucleus has stronger oxidation resistance than anthocyanin having a catechol hydroxyl structure in the mother nucleus, and therefore, exhibits excellent effect of inhibiting fluorescent AGEs. Therefore, in order to enhance the effect of inhibiting AGEs, those skilled in the art generally screen anthocyanins having a large molecular weight and a large number of hydroxyl groups. For example, in the extraction and purification processes of anthocyanin, anthocyanin with large molecular weight and large number of hydroxyl groups is enriched by means of molecular sieve, column chromatography and membrane filtration, or specific anthocyanin is subjected to glycosylation modification and B-ring hydroxyl substitution to obtain anthocyanin with large molecular weight and large number of hydroxyl groups, so that the inhibition rate of anthocyanin AGEs is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides application of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in preparing medicines or health-care foods so as to improve the inhibition effect on AGEs.

The first aspect of the application provides an application of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in preparing medicines or health-care foods, wherein the medicines or health-care foods are medicines or health-care foods for inhibiting AGEs, medicines or health-care foods for treating AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, or medicines or health-care foods for relieving AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms.

Furthermore, the medicine also comprises pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials, and the health-care food also comprises dietotherapy acceptable auxiliary materials.

Furthermore, the dosage form of the medicine or the health food is an oral preparation or an injection preparation.

Further, the oral preparation is tablet, powder, capsule, granule, pill, powder, paste, solid beverage or oral liquid.

Furthermore, the quality content of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in the oral preparation is more than or equal to 0.0128%.

Furthermore, the injection preparation is injection or powder injection for injection.

Furthermore, the quality content of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in the injection preparation is more than or equal to 0.0128 percent.

Further, the inhibition of AGEs is inhibition of the production of AGEs or promotion of the decomposition of AGEs.

Further, the AGEs-related damage is AGEs-mediated apoptosis increase, active oxygen content increase, inflammatory factor TNF-alpha overexpression, inflammatory factor ICAM-1 overexpression, inflammatory factor VCAM-1 overexpression and/or mitochondrial ATP content reduction.

Furthermore, the AGEs-related diseases can be any one or more of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and osteoarticular diseases.

Further, the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are selected from diabetes and its complications, and atherosclerosis.

Further, the neurodegenerative disease is selected from alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Further, the above bone joint diseases are osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.

Further, the aforementioned AGEs-related symptoms are aging.

The application proves that the malvidin-3-O-glucoside can inhibit AGEs, can treat AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, or relieve AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms through experiments, and has higher activity compared with common AGEs inhibitor aminoguanidine, so that a new idea is provided for inhibiting AGEs, treating AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, or relieving AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 shows the results of detecting the content of AGEs in HUVEC cells of each test group by ELISA in test example 2, wherein # indicates that P is <0.05 compared with the control group; * Represents a ratio P <0.05 to the model group; and ^ represents the ratio P <0.05 to other anthocyanin groups.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of measuring the cell viability in each test group by the CCK8 method in test example 2, in which # indicates that P <0.05 as compared with the control group; * Represents a ratio P <0.05 to the model group; and ^ represents the ratio P <0.05 to other anthocyanin groups.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of ROS production by the microplate reader in test example 2 in each test group, wherein # indicates that P <0.05 as compared with the control group; * Represents a ratio P <0.05 to the model group; and ^ represents the ratio P <0.05 to other anthocyanin groups.

FIG. 4 shows the staining pattern of cells in each test group detected by Propidium Iodide (PI) staining method in test example 3.

FIG. 5 shows the Propidium Iodide (PI) staining method in test example 3 for detecting the apoptosis rate of each test group, wherein # indicates that P <0.05 in comparison with the control group; * Represents a ratio P <0.05 to the model group; and ^ represents the ratio P <0.05 to other anthocyanin groups.

FIG. 6 shows the results of qPCR for the inflammatory factor TNF-. Alpha.expression in each test group in test example 3, wherein # indicates a ratio P <0.05 to the control group; * Represents a ratio P <0.05 to the model group; and a represents the ratio P <0.05 of other anthocyanin groups.

FIG. 7 shows the results of qPCR detection of the expression of inflammatory factor ICAM-1 in each test group in test example 3, wherein # indicates that the ratio P to the control group is <0.05; * Represents a ratio P <0.05 to the model group; and ^ represents the ratio P <0.05 to other anthocyanin groups.

FIG. 8 shows the results of qPCR assay of the inflammatory factor VCAM-1 expression in each test group in test example 3, wherein # indicates that the ratio P to the control group is <0.05; * Represents a P <0.05 to model set ratio; and ^ represents the ratio P <0.05 to other anthocyanin groups.

Fig. 9 shows the results of measurement of the mitochondria-associated ATP index of each test group in test example 3, wherein, # denotes a ratio P <0.05 to the control group; * Represents a P <0.05 to model set ratio; and ^ represents the ratio P <0.05 to other anthocyanin groups.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the application, but are not intended to limit the scope of the application, i.e., the application is not limited to the described embodiments.

As described in the background of the present application, in order to improve the effect of anthocyanins on AGEs inhibition, those skilled in the art generally screen anthocyanins having a large molecular weight and a large number of hydroxyl groups. For example, in the extraction and purification processes of anthocyanin, anthocyanin with large molecular weight and large number of hydroxyl groups is enriched by means of molecular sieve, column chromatography and membrane filtration, or specific anthocyanin is subjected to glycosylation modification and B-ring hydroxyl substitution to obtain anthocyanin with large molecular weight and large number of hydroxyl groups, so that the inhibition rate of anthocyanin AGEs is improved. But such an operation causes an increase in research costs, industrialization costs, and practical application costs. In experiments, the inventor of the application discovers that the malvidin anthocyanin and malvidin-3-O-glucoside have better inhibiting effect on AGEs, and the inhibiting effect on AGEs is obviously higher than the inhibiting effect of malvidin-3-O-galactoside, malvidin-3-O-arabinoside and malvidin-3, 5-O-diglucoside on AGEs. Based on the findings, the application provides an application of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in preparing medicines or health-care foods, wherein the medicines or the health-care foods are medicines or health-care foods for inhibiting AGEs, medicines or health-care foods for treating AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, or medicines or health-care foods for relieving AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms.

Experiments prove that the malvidin-3-O-glucoside can inhibit AGEs, can treat AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, or relieve AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, and has higher activity compared with aminoguanidine which is a common AGEs inhibitor, so that a new idea is provided for inhibiting AGEs, treating AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms, or relieving AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms.

In combination with the above-described 6 anthocyanidin structure analyses, malvidin-3-O-glucoside is known to be not only R on the B ring ₁ And R ₂ The group is not hydroxyl; and is a monosaccharide glycoside having a small molecular weight, but shows a completely different inhibitory effect of AGEs from that presumed in the prior art. Although the structure-activity relationship of malvidin-3-O-glucoside cannot be explained at present, the experiment proves that the malvidin-3-O-glucoside has excellent AGEs inhibition effect.

In some embodiments, the above medicament further comprises pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials, and the health food further comprises dietetically acceptable auxiliary materials.

The pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials or the dietotherapy acceptable auxiliary materials can be selected from common corresponding auxiliary materials and can be selected according to the specific dosage form of the medicine or the health food.

In some embodiments, the above pharmaceutical or health food is in the form of oral preparation or injection preparation. Preferably, the oral preparation is a tablet, powder, capsule, granule, pill, powder, paste, solid beverage or oral liquid. Or preferably, the injection preparation is injection or powder injection for injection.

In some embodiments, the malvidin-3-O-glucoside contained in the oral preparation is greater than or equal to 0.0128% by mass for the convenience of administration to a patient or a user.

In some embodiments, the malvidin-3-O-glucoside content in the injection preparation is more than or equal to 0.0128% by mass.

The application proves that the malvidin-3-O-glucoside has an outstanding effect of inhibiting AGEs, and the inhibition of AGEs can inhibit the generation of AGEs or promote the decomposition of AGEs.

Further experimental studies by the applicant have found that in some embodiments, the aforementioned AGEs-related damage is AGEs-mediated increase in apoptosis, increase in active oxygen content, overexpression of inflammatory factor TNF- α, overexpression of inflammatory factor ICAM-1, overexpression of inflammatory factor VCAM-1, and/or decrease in mitochondrial ATP content.

Based on the association of AGEs with various diseases, in some embodiments, the AGEs-related diseases are any one or more of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarticular diseases; preferably, the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are selected from diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis; preferably the neurodegenerative disease is selected from alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; preferably, the osteoarticular disease is osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. Or in some embodiments, the aforementioned AGEs-related condition is aging.

The beneficial effects of the present application will be further explained below in connection with the experiments.

The following table lists the sources of anthocyanins used in the following experiments.

。

Test example 1, method for detecting efficacy of inhibiting AGEs production:

the experimental principle is as follows:

bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Methylglyoxal (MGO) interact to generate AGEs, a compound to be detected is incubated with the BSA and the MGO together, and the amount of the AGEs generated is judged by detecting the change of a fluorescence value in a system, so that whether the compound has an inhibiting effect on the generation of the AGEs is evaluated. Aminoguanidine (AG) was used as a positive control. The blank control group did not use any anthocyanin or aminoguanidine.

The study was carried out using sterile black non-transparent 96-well plates, in which 90. Mu.L of 10 mg/mL BSA solution and 10. Mu.L of 1.25M MGO solution were added to each well as shown in the following table, and then 10. Mu.L of test solution or 10. Mu.L of physiological saline (blank) was added to each well as the positive control group was added with the positive drug solution, as designed. After the reaction solution was mixed well, fluorescence values at the start of the experiment (excitation wavelength Ex =370 nm, emission wavelength Em =440 nm) were measured with an M5 microplate reader. After the detection is finished, the plate is sealed by a sterile sealing membrane plate, and the black non-transparent 96-well plate is placed at 37 ℃ in a dark place for reaction for 24 hours, and then the fluorescence value is detected again under the same condition. And 6-8 multi-well detection is carried out on each test object group and each control group, the increase of the fluorescence value of each well of each group is calculated, and the AGEs generation inhibition rate of each group is converted.

Table (b): 96-pore plate reaction system for preliminary screening test

。

Under the same reaction system and conditions, the samples are detected in different gradient concentrations (50, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.03 and 0.01 mg/mL), 5 duplicate wells are detected for each sample concentration group and control group, and the detection results are fitted by Graphpad to obtain the IC50 value of the sample.

The main experimental results are:

TABLE 1 inhibition of AGEs production by different anthocyanins

。

Remarking:P<0.05 * ¹ ：compared with delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, paeonidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-galactoside, malvidin-3-O-arabinoside, malvidin-3, 5-O-diglucoside, petunidin-3-O-rutinoside (p-coumaroyl) -5-O-glucoside and cowberry mixed anthocyanin, the compound has obvious difference.

P<0.05 * ² ：Compared with malvidin-3-O-galactoside, paeoniflorin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin-3, 5-O-diglucoside, petunidin-3-O-rutinoside (p-coumaroyl) -5-O-glucoside and cowberry fruit mixed glucoside, the anthocyanin has obvious difference。

P<0.05 * ³ ：Compared with malvidin-3-O-arabinoside, delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside, paeonin-3-O-glucoside, paeonin-3-O-galactoside, paeonin-3-O-rutinoside, paeonin-3, 5-O-diglucoside, petunidin-3-O-rutinoside (p-coumaroyl) -5-O-glucoside and cowberry mixed anthocyanin, the anthocyanin has obvious difference.

TABLE 2 IC50 values for inhibition of AGEs production by different anthocyanins

。

As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, malvidin-3-O-glucoside has a better inhibitory effect on AGEs production than the other anthocyanins tested (except delphinidin-3-O-galactoside and paeoniflorin-3-O-arabinoside), especially when compared to delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, which has two hydroxyl groups on the B-ring of the backbone structure, it has a more significant advantage. Meanwhile, when the malvidin linked sugar chain is glucose (hexose, relative molecular mass 160), the advantages are also more obvious compared with the cases when the linked sugar chain is galactose (hexose, relative molecular mass 160), arabinose (pentose, relative molecular mass 150), and diglucose (dihexaglucose, relative molecular mass 320). In addition, malvidin-3-O-glucoside has obvious advantages relative to a positive control group, and the effects of inhibiting AGEs generation of other test groups except that cowberry mixed anthocyanin, delphinidin-3-O-galactoside and paeoniflorin-3-O-arabinoside have advantages relative to the positive control group are different from those of the positive control group.

Moreover, as can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the malvidin-3-O-glucoside in malvidin anthocyanin has the most outstanding inhibition effect on the generation of AGEs, the delphinidin-3-O-galactoside in delphinidin anthocyanin has the most outstanding inhibition effect on the generation of AGEs, and the paeonidin-3-O-arabinoside in paeonin anthocyanin has the most outstanding inhibition effect on the generation of AGEs, that is, the inhibition effects of the small molecular anthocyanins such as monosaccharide anthocyanin or disaccharide anthocyanin tested in the application on the generation of AGEs are not consistent, and the malvidin-3-O-glucoside, delphin-3-O-galactoside and the paeonidin-3-O-arabinoside in the application realize unexpected technical effects on the generation of AGEs.

Test example 2 inhibition of high sugar-induced AGEs production and protection of umbilical vein endothelial cells

The experimental principle is as follows: HUVEC cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into a control group (without any induction and intervention), a model group (40 mmol/L glucose) and a malvidin-3-O-glucoside group, a malvidin-3-O-arabinoside group, a malvidin-3-O-galactoside group, a delphinidin-3-O-glucoside group, a petunidin-3-O-rutinoside (p-coumaroyl) -5-O-glucoside, a cowberry mixed anthocyanin. High sugar induction at 40mmol/L and intervention of endothelial cells with different anthocyanins at 100. Mu. Mol/L for 24h.

2.1 The HVUECs are subjected to primary culture and subculture by adopting a modified Jaffe method and the like, and 3-6 generations of well-grown HVUECs are taken for experiment.

2.2 Experimental grouping and conditioned culture well-grown 3-6 generations of HVUECs were taken to prepare cell suspensions at 4.0X 10 ⁵ cell/well cell density was plated on 24-well plates, DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum was added, and the mixture was incubated at 37 ℃ and 5% CO ₂ Culturing in an incubator, and changing a serum-free culture solution when the HUVECs grow to be in a sub-fusion state, and continuously culturing for 12-24 h. Then adding a sample with the concentration of 100 mu mol/L according to the experimental requirements for pretreatment for 8h, and then adding glucose with the concentration of 40mmol/L for acting for 24h. Grouping: (1) blank control group: adding DMEM culture solution with the same amount as the medicine; (2) model group glucose (40 mmol/L) was added; (3) and (3) setting more than 3 multiple holes in 1-6 groups of high-sugar + samples, continuously culturing for 24 hours, and centrifugally collecting cells and culture solution.

And (3) testing:

1) And detecting the content change of AGEs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, wherein the result is shown in figure 1.

2) The cell survival rate was measured by the CCK8 method using a detection kit (CCK-8 cell proliferation and cytotoxicity detection kit, japan Co., ltd.) according to the instructions, and the results are shown in FIG. 2;

3) And the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is detected by using a reactive oxygen species detection kit (Biyunyan, product number: S0033S) and a microplate reader according to an operation instruction, and the result is shown in figure 3.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, the content of AGEs is the least, the cell survival rate is the highest, and the content of reactive oxygen species ROS is the least after the malvidin-3-O-glucoside action, which is closest to the control group.

Test example 3 protective action of inhibiting AGEs on umbilical vein endothelial cell injury

The experimental principle is as follows: HUVEC cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into a control group, a model group (200. Mu.g/mL AGEs), a malvidin-3-O-glucoside group, a malvidin-3-O-arabinoside group, a malvidin-3-O-galactoside group, a delphinidin-3-O-glucoside group, a petunidin-3-O-rutinoside (p-coumaroyl) -5-O-glucoside, and a blueberry mixed anthocyanin. The cells were pretreated with 100. Mu. Mol/L of each anthocyanin group for 8h, and then with 200. Mu.g/mL of AGEs for 24h.

And (3) testing:

1) Propidium Iodide (PI) is a nuclear staining reagent capable of staining DNA, and can release red fluorescence after being embedded into double-stranded DNA. PI cannot pass through a living cell membrane, but only through a damaged cell membrane to stain nuclei. Therefore, PI is often used in conjunction with nuclear fluorescent probes such as DAPI to stain both live and dead cells. When PI and DAPI and other nuclear dyes are co-dyed, DAPI can be taken up by living cells and combined with DNA to be blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light; while PI stains dead cells to produce red fluorescence. The test results are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

2) And the expression level of inflammatory factors was detected using qPCR using a detection Kit (Biyun, beyofast ™ SYBR Green One-Step qRT-PCR Kit) according to the instructions, and the test results are shown in FIGS. 6 to 8.

3) And performing mitochondrial related ATP index detection by using an ATP Assay Kit (ATP Assay Kit) (Biyunyan, product number S0026) according to an operation instruction, wherein the test result is shown in figure 9.

4) The enzyme activity data of endothelial cell function NO (Biyuntian, product number S0021) and eNOS (eNOS enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, nanjing institute for bioengineering) are detected by using the detection kit according to the instruction, and the test results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 endothelial cell function

Remarking: comparison with control groupP<0.05(ii) a * In comparison with model groupP<0.05(ii) a A ratio of anthocyanins of other groupsP<0.05。

As can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, the rate of apoptosis after malvidin-3-O-glucoside treatment was the least as close as the control group; as can be seen from FIGS. 6 to 8, the expression of each inflammatory factor after the action of malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the least, closest to the control group; as can be seen from FIG. 9, the mitochondrial content was the greatest after the action of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, closest to the control group.

Test example 4 animal experiments (malvidin-3-O-glucoside acute toxicity experiment)

The experimental standard is as follows: experiments were carried out according to the method specified in GB 15193.3-2014 "national Standard for food safety acute oral toxicity test".

Animal grouping: 20 SPF-grade SD rats are half male and female, and the individual values of the same sex individual weight are within the range of average +/-20%.

The experimental method comprises the following steps: weighing a proper amount of sample, adding a proper amount of deionized water, fully and uniformly mixing, and preparing a test object solution with the concentration of 0.25 g/mL. Animals were fasted overnight (about 16 h) and allowed free access to water prior to testing. In the actual test, the animals in the test group are gavaged with the test solution at the weight of 20 mL/kg, and are gavaged with the test solution for 2 times within 24h, the two gavages are separated by about 4h, a small amount of feed is fed during the two gavages, and the animals continue to fast for about 3 h after the test solution is fed for the first time. After administration of the test subjects, the time of appearance and disappearance of signs of intoxication and the time of death were observed and recorded for a period of 14 days. The dead animals should be roughly dissected and visually examined for further histopathological examination if the abnormal tissue or organs are found. Weigh on

days

0, 1, 3, 7, 14 respectively.

The experimental results are as follows: the animals have no abnormal symptoms during the period of sample administration and 14 d observation period, the body weight is normally increased, no animal death is seen, and the LD50 is more than 10 g/kg body weight. At the end of the test, all animals were roughly dissected and visually observed without abnormality.

And (4) experimental conclusion: the sample is detected according to GB 15193.3-2014 acute oral toxicity test of national food safety standard, and has acute oral toxicity LD50 of more than 10 g/kg body weight for SD rat, and is practically nontoxic.

Test example 5 animal experiments (malvidin-3-O-glucoside and blood AGEs levels)

The experimental method comprises the following steps:

animal grouping: mice of 2 months old were divided into 1 model group, malvidin-3-O-glucoside group, malvidin-3-O-arabinoside group, malvidin-3-O-galactoside group, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside group, petunidin-3-rutinoside (p-coumaroyl) -5-glucoside, cowberry mixed anthocyanin and 1 blank control group at random according to body weight.

Preparing a feed: common feed: SPF grade maintenance feed; high AGEs feed: will be provided with ⁶⁰ The SPF-grade maintenance feed sterilized by Co irradiation is baked at 160 ℃ for 40 minutes to prepare a high advanced glycation end product feed (high AGEs feed), and the concentration of the carboxymethyl lysine and the carboxyethyl lysine in the high AGEs feed is measured to be more than 2 times of that of a control group feed.

The experimental method comprises the following steps: the samples were dissolved in purified water to prepare 1mg/mL stock solutions and gavage was administered at a dose of 0.9-3 mg/kg. Wherein the model group and the sample group were given high AGEs feed and the blank control group was given normal feed for 1 month. Meanwhile, the sample group is perfused with the tested sample, and the model group and the blank control group are dosed with the same volume of solvent. Taking 0.4mL of tail tip blood before the intervention starts as a baseline sample, killing animals at the end of the experiment, taking 0.4mL of blood sample, and detecting the content of the combined carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and the combined carboxyethyl lysine (CEL) in the blood pressure sample by adopting a UPLC-MS method.

The experimental results are as follows: CML and CEL in blood of model mice were significantly elevated compared to the blank control group (P < 0.05); compared with a model group, the malvidin-3-O-glucoside and the cowberry mixed anthocyanin can obviously reduce the content of CML and CEL in blood (P is less than 0.05), and the effect of the malvidin-3-O-glucoside is obviously better than that of the cowberry mixed anthocyanin (P is less than 0.05); petunidin-3-rutinoside (p-coumaroyl) -5-glucoside can significantly reduce the content of CML in blood, but the content of CEL does not change significantly. malvidin-3-O-arabinoside, malvidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside did not significantly change AGEs in blood of mice (P > 0.05).

The experimental conclusion is that: malvidin-3-O-glucoside can obviously reduce AGEs in blood of mice, and is obviously superior to other sample groups.

Test example 6 animal experiments (malvidin-3-O-glucoside and type II diabetes mellitus)

Based on the fact that increased levels of AGEs are risk factors for the development of diabetes and complications thereof, and AGEs are independent risk factors for insulin resistance, the application further studies the relationship between malvidin-3-O-glucoside and type II diabetes.

Experimental animal models and grouping: streptozotocin (STZ, product of Sigma, dissolved in citrate buffer at pH4.5 at a concentration of 0.1 mmol/L, ready for use) was injected into the lower left abdominal cavity of rats at a dose of 60 mg/kgBW. The normal control group was injected with an equal volume of citrate buffer. After 72 hours, the tail blood of the rat is taken for measuring the blood sugar, and the rat with the blood sugar concentration of more than 16.7mmol/L is taken as the diabetic rat. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into 1 model group, malvidin-3-O-glucoside group, and 1 blank control group.

The administration method comprises the following steps: the samples were dissolved in purified water to prepare 1mg/mL stock solutions and gavage was administered at a dose of 0.9-3 mg/kg. The test samples, the model group and the blank control group were given the same volume of solvent by gavage.

Detection indexes are as follows: the main measurement indexes include body weight, glucose tolerance, fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), serum Insulin (INSulin, INS) content, etc.

The experimental results are as follows: the malvidin-3-O-glucoside can obviously reduce the FBG level and the serum INS content of a rat with type II diabetes, and improve the weight loss and insulin resistance symptoms of the rat with type II diabetes.

Test example 7 animal experiments (malvidin-3-O-glucoside and Alzheimer's disease)

Based on the close correlation between increased AGEs levels and decreased cognitive abilities of the elderly, the present application further investigated the relationship between malvidin-3-O-glucoside and Alzheimer's disease.

Experimental animal models and grouping: 3x Tg-AD mice (Psen 1tm1Mpm Tg (APPSwe, tauP 301L) triple-transfer AD mice on C57BL6 background), 4-month-old AD mice were randomly divided into 1 model group, malvidin-3-O-glucoside group, and 1 blank control group.

The administration method comprises the following steps: the samples were mixed into the mouse feed at a dose of 0.9-3mg/kg and administered by free feeding for a period of 3 months. The sample group was given the feed to which the test sample was added, and the model group and the blank control group were given the maintenance feed to which the placebo was added.

Detection indexes are as follows: the learning and memory level of each group of mice is detected by adopting behavioural experiments such as Morris water maze, diving platform and dark avoidance; and detecting related pathological indexes of Abeta and Tau in the brain of the mouse.

The experimental results are as follows: the malvidin-3-O-glucoside can obviously improve the learning and memory abilities of AD mice, reduce the expression level of the pathological proteins related to the A beta and Tau in the brain and improve the Alzheimer's disease.

Test example 8 animal experiments (malvidin-3-O-glucoside and atherosclerosis)

Based on the increased AGEs levels and the close correlation between endothelial cell damage and atherosclerosis, the present application further investigated the relationship between malvidin-3-O-glucoside and atherosclerosis.

Experimental animal models and groups: c57BL/6J mice, male at 4 weeks of age, were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish an atherosclerosis model. The atherosclerosis model mice were randomly divided into 1 model group, malvidin-3-O-glucoside group, and 1 blank control group.

The administration method comprises the following steps: the samples were dissolved in purified water to prepare 1mg/mL stock solutions and gavage was administered at a dose of 0.9-3 mg/kg. The sample group was administered with the test sample, the model group and the blank control group with the same volume of solvent by gavage. Prophylactic administration was started 6 weeks after the start of high-fat diet feeding for 6 weeks.

Detection indexes are as follows: detecting mouse blood lipid level, inflammation and active oxygen indexes (ROS, TNF alpha, ICAM, VCAM) and the like.

The experimental results are as follows: malvidin-3-O-glucoside can obviously improve the blood lipid metabolism of an atherosclerotic mouse, including the reduction of TC and LDL-C levels; by reducing the levels of ROS and inflammatory factors (TNF alpha, ICAM and VCAM), the endothelial function of the mice is improved, so that the generation and the development of atherosclerosis are slowed down.

Therefore, as can be seen from the results of the above tests, malvidin-3-O-glucoside has a superior effect in inhibiting AGES, treating AGES-associated injuries, diseases or symptoms, or alleviating AGES-associated injuries, diseases or symptoms, relative to other test groups; compared with cowberry mixed anthocyanin, the single-component substance has the effect of inhibiting AGES generation more stably and controllably.

The present application is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and embodiments having substantially the same configuration as the technical idea and exhibiting the same operation and effect within the technical scope of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. Various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art are applied to the embodiments and other embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application, which are configured by combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The application of malvidin-3-O-glucoside in preparing medicines or health-care foods is used for inhibiting AGEs (advanced glycation end products), treating AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms or relieving AGEs-related injuries, diseases or symptoms.

2. The use of claim 1, wherein the medicament further comprises pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and the health food further comprises dietetically acceptable excipients.

3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the medicament or health food is in the form of oral preparation or injection preparation.

4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the oral formulation is a tablet, powder, capsule, granule, pill, powder, paste, solid beverage or oral liquid.

5. The use as claimed in claim 3, wherein the malvidin-3-O-glucoside is present in the oral formulation in an amount of at least 0.0128% by mass.

6. The use of claim 3, wherein the injectable preparation is an injectable solution or a powder for injection.

7. The use as claimed in claim 3, wherein the malvidin-3-O-glucoside is present in the injectable formulation in an amount of at least 0.0128% by mass.

8. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the inhibition of AGEs is the inhibition of AGEs production or the promotion of AGEs degradation.

9. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the AGEs-related damage is AGEs-mediated increase in apoptosis, increase in active oxygen content, overexpression of the inflammatory factor TNF- α, overexpression of the inflammatory factor ICAM-1, overexpression of the inflammatory factor VCAM-1 and/or decrease in mitochondrial ATP content.

10. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the AGEs-related diseases are any one or more of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarticular diseases.

11. The use according to claim 10, wherein the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are selected from diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis; and/or the neurodegenerative disease is selected from alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and/or the osteoarticular disease is osteoporosis, osteoarthritis.

12. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the AGEs-related symptoms are aging.