CN115589971A

CN115589971A - Hanging culture method for buried shellfish

Info

Publication number: CN115589971A
Application number: CN202211317647.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 裴琨; 潘英; 檀宁; 韦朝民; 曾尚伟; 梁越; 付倩妮; 詹期积; 吴一桂; 王静; 李明邦
Original assignee: FANGCHENGGANG FISHERY TECHNOLOGY EXTENSION STATION
Current assignee: FANGCHENGGANG FISHERY TECHNOLOGY EXTENSION STATION
Priority date: 2022-10-26
Filing date: 2022-10-26
Publication date: 2023-01-13

Abstract

The invention discloses a suspended culture method for buried shellfish, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a matrix; (2) filling a substrate; (3) filling the spat; (4) hanging a cage; (5) hanging maintenance management; and (6) harvesting. According to the method, pumice is used as a shellfish inhabiting matrix to be filled into the culture net bag instead of silt, and the culture net bag is hung on a water surface bearing cable or a raft frame to be cultured in a hanging mode, so that the uncontrollable condition of bottom sowing culture of the buried shellfish is changed, harmful living organisms such as fishes and crabs entering the shellfish inhabiting environment to injure the cultured shellfish can be reduced, the phenomenon that the growth of the shellfish is influenced and disease organisms are bred due to the fact that the self excrement of the shellfish is deposited in the inhabiting environment is avoided, the phenomenon that the ecological environment is damaged by turning over the harrow substrate during fishing is avoided, the shellfish growth speed and the culture survival rate are improved, the culture inspection and the harvesting are convenient, the sand spitting treatment is not needed when the shellfish finished products are harvested, the labor amount is reduced, and the application prospect is good.

Description

Hanging culture method for buried shellfish

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a suspended culture method for buried shellfish.

Background

The buried shellfish is bivalve shellfish which inhabits in the habitat of substrates such as sand, silt or mud, has a plurality of varieties, comprises Ruditapes philippinarum, meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, sinonovacula constricta, arca inflata Reeve, cyclina subcrenata, meretrix meretrix, paphia textilis, rex schlegeli, luria matsutake and the like, dives sand by means of the excavation effect of axe feet to avoid enemy pests, breathes by means of self water inlet and outlet pipes, and ingests tiny planktonic (or demersal) algae, animal larvae, organic debris and the like. The buried shellfish without the byssus attached needs a concealed substrate and abundant baits besides proper water quality for the growing environment. If there is no inhabitation substrate in the sea area, the shellfish will move and be unstable with the surge, and the shellfish will collide with each other when the wind and wave are strong, which will seriously affect the growth. At present, common culture modes of the culture of the buried shellfish include cofferdam stocking, mudflat stocking, deep sea bottom sowing and the like, the culture gradually develops towards deep sea, but the existing culture modes also have some main problems influencing the development: (1) The shallow sea beach environment has more enemy organisms, and the shellfish seedlings are easy to be ingested by crabs, fishes and the like, so that the survival rate of the culture is low; (2) The beach sowed at the bottom is impacted by waves, the sediment at the bottom moves or covers, and shellfish is washed away or killed, so that the culture loss is caused; (3) The migration habit of the shellfish causes the loss of the escape of the culture; (4) When in harvest, a harrowing and dragging harvest mode is adopted, so that the workload is high, other benthonic organisms are damaged, and the ecological environment is influenced; (5) The buried shellfish swallows silt in the sand-diving process, and sand-spitting treatment is carried out during product processing, otherwise the quality is affected. Aiming at the problems of the artificial cultivation of the buried shellfish, a set of technology for carrying out system transformation and cultivation management on cultivation facilities is explored, the growth speed and the survival rate of the buried shellfish are improved, the cultivation loss is reduced, the ecological environment is protected, and the method has important practical significance for the development of the shellfish cultivation industry.

The application number CN202122221083.5, the invention name is a utility model patent of a device suitable for the sea culture of buried shellfish, the buried shellfish is cultured on the sea by a rope hanging net cage, but the method does not solve the matrix problem required by the sand submerging habit of the buried shellfish. The utility model has the application number of 201720191819.X and the invention name of 'a shellfish culture device' and discloses that a shellfish placing tray is arranged in a culture net cage to culture shellfish, and the defect that the problem of the buried shellfish inhabiting matrix is not solved and the buried shellfish inhabiting matrix is not suitable for the buried shellfish culture without the attached byssus. The utility model discloses a ground-based water flowing frame suitable for the intermediate culture of buried shellfish, which does not relate to the large-scale shellfish culture. Some farmers in China and Vietnam adopt plastic baskets to contain sand to hang and breed rare buried-inhabiting shellfish such as tapes dorsatus, tapes paphia textilis, rex philippinarum and the like, and some cases of successful breeding exist, but the sand is heavy, the operation is labor-consuming, and the product contains sand. No report of using pumice as a shellfish inhabiting matrix to culture shellfish is seen in China.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the suspended culture method for the buried shellfish, which can well meet the growth of the buried shellfish, effectively overcomes the problems of the existing culture mode and improves the growth speed and the culture survival rate of the shellfish.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a suspended-culture cage for buried-dwelling shellfish is characterized by comprising a water surface bearing cable or raft frame, a lifting rope, a cage opening contraction rope, a culture net cage, a bag opening contraction rope, a culture net bag and a cage supporting frame; the cultivation mesh bag is arranged in the cultivation mesh cage, and a bag opening contraction rope is arranged at the top of the cultivation mesh bag; the top of the cultivation net cage is provided with a cage opening contraction rope, and the bottom of the cultivation net cage is provided with a cage support frame; one end of the lifting rope is tied to the cultivation net cage, and the other end of the lifting rope is tied to the water surface bearing cable or the raft frame, so that the lifting rope is suspended below the water surface bearing cable or the raft frame;

preferably, the diameter of the cultivation mesh bag is 30-35 cm, the height is 25-30 cm, a mesh sheet with meshes of 0.8-1 cm multiplied by 0.8-1 cm is adopted as the bag body surface, and the mesh sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm.

Preferably, the diameter of the bottom of the cultivation net cage is 40-45 cm, the height of the cultivation net cage is 35-40 cm, a net sheet with 1.5-3 cm meshes multiplied by 1.5-3 cm is adopted as the cage body surface, and the net sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 1 mm.

Preferably, the bag mouth contraction rope is an elastic band with the diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm, the ratio of the original length to the maximum stretching value of 1.

Preferably, the cage support frame is made of galvanized iron wires with the diameter of 3-4 mm penetrating through a plastic hose.

Preferably, the cage opening contraction rope and the lifting rope are nylon ropes with the diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm, and the cage opening contraction rope and the lifting rope can be the same rope.

Preferably, the aquaculture net cage is cylindrical or conical; the cylindrical breeding net cage is characterized in that 2-3 cage support frames are arranged at the bottom in the cage, so that the bottom of the cage is a plane, the lower part of the cage is cylindrical, and the upper part of the cage is conical after a cage opening contraction rope is tightened; the tapered breeding net cage is characterized in that 1 cage supporting frame is arranged at the bottom in the cage, so that the bottom of the cage is a plane, and the upper part of the cage becomes a taper after a cage opening contraction rope is tightened.

A method for cultivating the buried shellfish by using the buried shellfish suspended culture cage comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparing a matrix: the specific gravity of the material is 0.3-0.45 g/cm ³ Preparing a shellfish inhabiting substrate by using pumice particles with porosity of more than 75%;

(2) Loading a substrate: putting the dried shellfish inhabiting matrix into a culture net bag, and soaking the culture net bag in culture seawater for 12 to 24 hours to eliminate harmful substances adsorbed by the matrix;

(3) Filling the shellfish seedlings: selecting buried shellfish seedlings with regular specification, no damage to shells, strong activity, freely-telescopic water inlet and outlet pipes and shell length of more than 1.5cm for stocking, putting the shellfish seedlings into a substrate of a breeding mesh bag, tightening a bag opening contraction rope, and tying;

(4) Hanging the cage: putting the culture mesh bag filled with the shellfish perching matrix and the shellfish into a culture mesh cage, tightening a contraction rope at the cage mouth, and hanging the cage mouth on a raft frame or a delay cable through a lifting rope for hanging culture; if the cultivation mesh bag floats and moves in the cultivation mesh cage or the cultivation matrix is loose, the bag body of the cultivation mesh bag and the cage body of the cultivation mesh cage can be penetrated through by a bag opening contraction rope to fix the cultivation mesh bag, so that the matrix and the shellfish can be kept relatively stable in the bag;

(5) Hanging maintenance management: cleaning the cage for 1 time every 20-30 days to remove attached organisms; checking the growth condition of the shellfish every 25-30 days, and adjusting the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag by loosening and releasing a contraction rope at the opening of the culture mesh bag to ensure that the shellfish has proper inhabitation and growth space; according to the variety and season of the culture, the hanging culture water layer is reasonably adjusted according to the water temperature and salinity conditions of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through the seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature;

(6) Harvesting: culturing the shellfish to a finished product specification, collecting the cages, pouring out the matrix and the shellfish, sorting out all cultured shellfish, and selling on the market; after harvesting, washing the cages and the matrix, removing attached organisms, drying in the sun, recovering and preserving the pipe.

Preferably, in the step (5), the water layer for adjusting the suspended cultivation is a water layer which is suspended in a shallow manner within 0.5-1.5 m after the water temperature rises again in spring and in autumn; in rainy seasons in midsummer, the cage is deeply hung on a water layer with the thickness of 1.5-3 m; in winter, the water temperature is low, and the cage is deeply hung on a water layer of 3-4 m.

Preferably, in the step (4), the water depth of the net cage for cultivation is kept to be larger than 50cm and the cage spacing is 15-20 cm in the cultivation process.

Preferably, in the step (3), the spat release amount of the spats is 40-60 spats per bag.

Preferably, in the step (2), the putting amount of the substrate is 1.0 to 1.5 kg per bag.

Preferably, in the step (1), the pumice stone particles have a particle size of 1.5 to 2cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

1. the method can reduce harmful organisms such as fish and crabs entering the shellfish inhabiting environment to hurt the cultured shellfish, and compared with culture methods such as cofferdam stocking, mudflat stocking, deep sea bottom sowing and the like, the method can reduce the harmful organisms, so that the shellfish can grow well, the shellfish culture survival rate can reach more than 88.0 percent, and is more than 15 percent higher than that of the prior culture technology.

2. The method analyzes the habitation habit of the buried shellfish, optimizes and prepares the habitation matrix suitable for the buried shellfish with the shell length of more than 1.5cm according to the influence of tide, wave and silt on the growth of the buried shellfish, and the pumice matrix has pores which can penetrate through water, thereby being beneficial to the habitation, ingestion and avoidance of enemy of the buried shellfish, solving the problem that other hanging culture modes can not avoid collision among the shellfish and improving the culture survival rate. Moreover, the pumice is used as a culture substrate, the pumice is light in weight, the culture inspection and the harvesting are convenient, and the finished product does not need to be subjected to sand spitting treatment, so that the labor amount is reduced, and the culture cost is reduced.

3. The method of the invention hangs the cage on the water surface bearing cable or the raft frame through the lifting rope for the hanging cultivation, can avoid the death or the loss of the shellfish caused by the overturn of the cultivation cage by sea waves, and can also avoid the breeding of disease organisms caused by the deposition of the self-excreta of the shellfish in the inhabiting environment, reduce the occurrence of diseases, ensure the good growth of the shellfish, and improve the growth speed and the cultivation survival rate of the shellfish.

4. The cage in the method has the double-layer design of the culture mesh bag and the culture mesh cage, so that enemy living things such as fish and crabs can be reduced from entering the shellfish inhabiting environment, meanwhile, the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag is adjusted by loosening and releasing the contraction rope of the bag opening of the culture mesh bag, the shellfish has proper inhabiting and growing space, the migration habit of the shellfish can be well met, the shellfish can grow well, the escape of the shellfish can be prevented, and the culture loss is reduced.

5. The hanging culture method can reasonably adjust the hanging culture water layer according to culture varieties and seasons according to the water temperature and salinity conditions of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature, a proper growth environment is provided for the shellfish, the shellfish can well grow, and the growth speed and the culture survival rate of the shellfish are improved.

6. The method of the invention adopts the mode of harvesting the buried shellfish by the inverted substrate, changes the traditional harvesting mode of adopting an iron rake and a special spiral rake, reduces the workload in the harvesting process, avoids the death injury of the buried shellfish and the damage of the rake to other benthic organisms, reduces the influence on the ecological environment, improves the economic benefit of the culture and protects the ecological environment at the same time.

7. The method expands the culture space of the buried shellfish, enables the buried shellfish to be moved to a water layer from the sea bottom for culture, provides a technical method for realizing automatic monitoring, harmless harvesting and multi-water-layer ecological culture of the fish, the shrimp and the shellfish, and has good application prospect.

8. The method of the invention has the advantages of simple manufacture and installation of the culture cage, convenient maintenance and collection, reduces the sand spitting treatment link of the product, lightens the labor intensity and is beneficial to the monitoring and product marketing of the shellfish in the culture process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the suspended culture cage for buried shellfish of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a real object diagram of the suspended culture cage for the buried shellfish.

In fig. 1: 1-water surface bearing cable or raft frame; 2-lifting a rope; 3-a cage mouth contraction rope; 4-breeding net cages; 5-bag opening contraction rope; 6-breeding mesh bags; 7-cage support frame.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are provided only for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A structure schematic diagram of a suspended-culture cage for buried shellfish is shown in figure 1, and the cage comprises a raft frame 1, a lifting rope 2, a cage mouth contraction rope 3, a culture net cage 4, a bag mouth contraction rope 5, a culture net bag 6 and a cage support frame 7; the cultivation mesh bag 6 is arranged in the cultivation mesh cage 4, and the top of the cultivation mesh bag is provided with a bag opening contraction rope 5; the top of the breeding net cage 4 is provided with a cage opening contraction rope 3, and the bottom is provided with a cage support frame 7; one end of the lifting rope 2 is tied to the cultivation net cage 4, and the other end of the lifting rope is tied to the raft frame 1, so that the lifting rope 2 is suspended below the raft frame 1;

the breeding net cage 4 is conical; the tapered breeding net cage is characterized in that 1 cage support frame 7 is arranged at the bottom in the cage, so that the bottom of the cage is a plane, and the upper part of the cage is tapered after a cage opening contraction rope 3 is tightened; the diameter of the bottom of the breeding net cage 4 is 40cm, the height of the breeding net cage is 35cm, a net piece with meshes of 1.5cm multiplied by 1.5cm is adopted as the cage body surface, and the net piece is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 1 mm; the cage support frame 7 is made by penetrating galvanized iron wires with the diameter of 3mm through a plastic hose, so that the iron wires are prevented from being corroded by seawater; the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 are nylon ropes with the diameter of 0.5cm, and the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 can be the same rope;

the diameter of the culture mesh bag 6 is 35cm, the height is 30cm, a mesh sheet with meshes of 0.8cm multiplied by 0.8cm is adopted as the bag body surface, and the mesh sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the bag mouth contraction rope 5 is a rope with the diameter of 0.5cm, the ratio of the original length to the stretching limit of 1:2.2, the elastic band has a band length of 40cm, and can be tied into a bag opening and extended into a bag body, so that the culture medium in the bag can not float and move.

(1) Preparing a matrix: the specific gravity of the material is 0.45g/cm ³ Preparing a shellfish inhabiting matrix with the particle size of 1.5cm by using pumice particles with the porosity of more than 75 percent;

(2) Loading a matrix: putting the dried shellfish inhabiting substrates into culture net bags according to 1.0 kg per bag, and soaking in culture seawater for 20h to remove harmful substances adsorbed by the substrates;

(3) Filling the shellfish seedlings: in a white dragon pearl bay farm in urban harbor prevention, selecting and breeding Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings with regular specification, no damage to shells, strong vitality and freely retractable water inlet and outlet pipes, wherein the breeding specification is that the average shell length is 15.88 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 0.75 g/grain, the seedling quantity is 60 grains/bag, putting the seedlings into a substrate of a breeding mesh bag, and tightening a contraction rope at the opening of the bag to tie up the seedlings;

(4) Hanging the cage: putting the culture mesh bag filled with the shellfish inhabiting matrix and the shellfish seedlings into a culture mesh cage, tightening a contraction rope at a cage opening, hanging the cage opening on a raft frame through a lifting rope for hanging culture, and keeping the water depth of the culture mesh cage to be more than 50cm and the space between cages to be 20cm; if the cultivation mesh bag floats and moves in the cultivation mesh cage or the cultivation matrix is loose, the bag body of the cultivation mesh bag and the cage body of the cultivation mesh cage can be penetrated through by a bag opening contraction rope to fix the cultivation mesh bag, so that the matrix and the shellfish can be kept relatively stable in the bag;

(5) Hanging and maintaining management: cleaning the cage for 1 time every 20 days to remove attached organisms; checking the growth condition of the shellfish every 25 days, adjusting the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag by loosening and placing a bag opening contraction rope of the culture mesh bag, and ensuring that the shellfish has proper inhabitation and growth space; according to the variety and season of the culture, the hanging water layer is reasonably adjusted according to the water temperature and salinity of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through the seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature, and the cage is hung on the water layer of 1m shallowly after the water temperature rises again in spring and in autumn; in rainy seasons in midsummer, the cage is deeply hung on a water layer of 2 m; in winter, the water temperature is low, and the cage is hung on a water layer of 3.5 m;

(6) Harvesting: the actual graph of the cage is shown in figure 2, the cage is hung on pearl racks in a Youth pearl farm in urban harbor prevention city, the pearl racks are released for culturing 3-19 days in 2022, the culture is carried out until 8-31 days in 2022, the cage is collected, the substrate and the shellfish are poured out, all cultured shellfish are sorted, the harvest specification is that the average shell length is 41.21 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 10.36 g/grain, and the culture survival rate is 95.0%; after harvesting, washing the cages and the matrix, removing attached organisms, drying in the sun, recovering and preserving the pipe.

Example 2

A structural schematic diagram of a suspended-culture cage for buried-dwelling shellfish is shown in figure 1, and the cage comprises a water surface bearing cable 1, a lifting rope 2, a cage mouth contraction rope 3, a culture net cage 4, a bag mouth contraction rope 5, a culture net bag 6 and a cage support frame 7; the cultivation mesh bag 6 is arranged in the cultivation mesh cage 4, and the top of the cultivation mesh bag is provided with a bag opening contraction rope 5; the top of the breeding net cage 4 is provided with a cage opening contraction rope 3, and the bottom is provided with a cage support frame 7; one end of the lifting rope 2 is tied to the cultivation net cage 4, and the other end of the lifting rope is tied to the water surface bearing cable 1, so that the lifting rope 2 is suspended below the water surface bearing cable 1;

the cultivation net cage 4 is conical; the tapered breeding net cage is characterized in that 1 cage support frame 7 is arranged at the bottom in the cage, so that the bottom of the cage is a plane, and the upper part of the cage is tapered after a cage opening contraction rope 3 is tightened; the diameter of the bottom of the breeding net cage 4 is 40cm, the height of the breeding net cage is 40cm, a net piece with meshes of 1.5cm multiplied by 1.5cm is adopted as the cage body surface, and the net piece is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 1 mm; the cage support frame 7 is made by penetrating galvanized iron wires with the diameter of 4mm through a plastic hose, so that seawater is prevented from corroding the iron wires; the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 are nylon ropes with the diameter of 0.8cm, and the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 can be the same rope;

the diameter of the culture mesh bag 6 is 35cm, the height is 30cm, a mesh sheet with meshes of 0.8cm multiplied by 0.8cm is adopted as the bag body surface, and the mesh sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the bag mouth contraction rope 5 is a rope with the diameter of 0.6cm, the ratio of the original length to the stretching limit of 1:2.5 elastic bands with the band length of 45cm can be tied into the bag mouth and extend into the bag tying body, so that the culture medium in the bag does not float or move.

(1) Preparing a matrix: the specific gravity of the mixture is 0.45g/cm ³ Preparing a shellfish inhabiting matrix with the particle size of 1.5cm by using pumice particles with the porosity of more than 75 percent;

(2) Loading a matrix: putting the dried shellfish inhabiting substrates into culture mesh bags according to 1.2 kilograms per bag, and soaking the culture mesh bags in culture seawater for 24 hours to eliminate harmful substances adsorbed by the substrates;

(3) Filling the shellfish seedlings: in a white dragon pearl bay farm in urban harbor prevention, selecting and breeding Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings with regular specification, no damage to shells, strong vitality and freely retractable water inlet and outlet pipes, wherein the breeding specification is that the average shell length is 15.88 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 0.75 g/grain, the seedling quantity is 50 grains/bag, putting the seedlings into a substrate of a breeding net bag, and tightening a contraction rope at the bag opening to tie up the seedlings;

(4) Hanging the cage: putting the culture mesh bag filled with the shellfish inhabiting matrix and the shellfish seedlings into a culture mesh cage, tightening a contraction rope at a cage opening, hanging the contraction rope on a water surface bearing cable rope through a lifting rope for hanging culture, and keeping the water depth of the culture mesh cage to be more than 50cm and the space between cages to be 20cm; if the cultivation mesh bag floats and moves in the cultivation mesh cage or the cultivation matrix is loose, the bag body of the cultivation mesh bag and the cage body of the cultivation mesh cage can be penetrated through by a bag opening contraction rope to fix the cultivation mesh bag, so that the matrix and the shellfish can be kept relatively stable in the bag;

(5) Hanging maintenance management: cleaning the cage for 1 time every 20 days to remove attached organisms; checking the growth condition of the shellfish every 25 days, adjusting the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag by loosening and placing a bag opening contraction rope of the culture mesh bag, and ensuring that the shellfish has proper inhabitation and growth space; according to the variety and season of the culture, the hanging culture water layer is reasonably adjusted according to the water temperature and salinity conditions of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through the seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature, and after the water temperature rises again in spring and during autumn, the cage is hung on the water layer with the depth of 0.5 m; in rainy season in midsummer, the cage is deeply hung on a water layer with the thickness of 1.5 m; in the winter, the water temperature is low, and the cage is deeply hung on a water layer of 3 m;

(6) Harvesting: hanging the cage on a pearl frame of a Yishun pearl farm in urban defense, cultivating the pearl frame in 2022 years for 3-19 days, cultivating the pearl frame to 2022 years for 8-31 days, collecting the cage, pouring out the matrix and the shellfish, sorting all the cultured shellfish, wherein the harvesting specification is that the average shell length is 43.64 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 12.27 g/grain, and the culture survival rate is 92.0%; after harvesting, washing the cages and the matrix, removing attached organisms, drying in the sun, recovering and preserving the pipe.

Example 3

the cultivation net cage 4 is cylindrical; the cylindrical culture net cage is characterized in that 2 cage support frames 7 are arranged at the bottom in the cage, so that the bottom of the cage is a plane, and the upper part of the cage is cylindrical after a cage opening contraction rope 3 is tightened; the diameter of the bottom of the breeding net cage 4 is 40cm, the height of the breeding net cage is 45cm, a net sheet with meshes of 2cm multiplied by 2cm is used as the cage body surface, and the net sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 1 mm; the cage support frame 7 is made by penetrating galvanized iron wires with the diameter of 4mm through a plastic hose, so that the iron wires are prevented from being corroded by seawater; the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 are nylon ropes with the diameter of 0.8cm, and the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 can be the same rope;

the diameter of the cultivation mesh bag 6 is 35cm, the height is 30cm, a mesh sheet with meshes of 0.8cm multiplied by 0.8cm is adopted as the bag body surface, and the mesh sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the bag mouth contraction rope 5 has the diameter of 0.8cm, and the ratio of the original length to the stretching limit of 1:2.5 elastic bands with the band length of 45cm can be tied into the bag mouth and extend to tie the bag body, so that the culture medium in the bag can not float and move.

A method for carrying out buried type shellfish culture by using the buried type shellfish suspended culture cage comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparing a matrix: the specific gravity of the mixture is 0.4g/cm ³ Preparing shellfish inhabiting matrix with particle size of 2cm from pumice particles with porosity of more than 75%;

(2) Loading a matrix: putting the dried shellfish inhabiting substrates into culture mesh bags according to 1.5 kilograms per bag, and soaking the culture mesh bags in culture seawater for 15 hours to eliminate harmful substances adsorbed by the substrates;

(3) B, filling the spat: in a white dragon pearl bay farm in urban harbor prevention, selecting and breeding Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings with regular specification, no damage to shells, strong vitality and freely retractable water inlet and outlet pipes, wherein the breeding specification is that the average shell length is 15.88 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 0.75 g/grain, the seedling quantity is 60 grains/bag, putting the seedlings into a substrate of a breeding mesh bag, and tightening a contraction rope at the opening of the bag to tie up the seedlings;

(4) Hanging the cage: putting the culture mesh bag filled with the shellfish perching matrix and the spat into a culture mesh cage, tightening a contraction rope at a cage opening, hanging the cage opening on a raft frame through a lifting rope for hanging culture, and keeping the water depth of the culture mesh cage to be more than 50cm and the cage spacing to be 15cm; if the cultivation mesh bag floats and moves in the cultivation mesh cage or the cultivation matrix is loose, the bag body of the cultivation mesh bag and the cage body of the cultivation mesh cage can be penetrated through by a bag opening contraction rope to fix the cultivation mesh bag, so that the matrix and the shellfish can be kept relatively stable in the bag;

(5) Hanging and maintaining management: cleaning the cage for 1 time every 25 days to remove attached organisms; checking the growth condition of the shellfish every 30 days, adjusting the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag by loosening and placing a bag opening contraction rope of the culture mesh bag, and ensuring that the shellfish has proper inhabitation and growth space; according to the variety and season of the culture, the hanging culture water layer is reasonably adjusted according to the water temperature and salinity conditions of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through the seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature, and after the water temperature rises again in spring and during autumn, the cage is hung on the water layer with the height of 1.5 m; in rainy seasons in midsummer, the cage is deeply hung on a water layer with the thickness of 2.5 m; in the winter, the water temperature is low, and the cage is deeply hung on a 4m water layer;

(6) Harvesting: hanging the cage on pearl frames of a Yishun pearl farm in urban defense and harbor city, stocking the pearl frames 3 and 19 days 2022, culturing the pearl frames to 8 and 31 days 2022, collecting the cage, pouring out the matrix and the shellfish, sorting out all cultured shellfish, wherein the harvest specification is that the average shell length is 42.43 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 11.51 g/grain, and the culture survival rate is 95.0%; after harvesting, washing the cages and the matrix, removing attached organisms, drying in the sun, recovering and preserving the pipe.

Example 4

A structure schematic diagram of a suspended-culture cage for buried-dwelling shellfish is shown in figure 1, and the cage comprises a raft frame 1, a lifting rope 2, a cage mouth contraction rope 3, a culture net cage 4, a bag mouth contraction rope 5, a culture net bag 6 and a cage support frame 7; the cultivation mesh bag 6 is arranged in the cultivation mesh cage 4, and the top of the cultivation mesh bag is provided with a bag opening contraction rope 5; the top of the breeding net cage 4 is provided with a cage opening contraction rope 3, and the bottom is provided with a cage support frame 7; one end of the lifting rope 2 is tied to the cultivation net cage 4, and the other end of the lifting rope is tied to the raft frame 1, so that the lifting rope 2 is suspended below the raft frame 1;

the breeding net cage 4 is cylindrical; the conical cultivation net cage is characterized in that 2 cage support frames 7 are arranged at the bottom in the cage, so that the bottom of the cage is a plane, and the upper part of the cage is conical after a cage opening contraction rope 3 is tightened; the diameter of the bottom of the cultivation net cage 4 is 40cm, the height of the cultivation net cage is 40cm, a net piece with meshes of 2.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm is adopted as the cage body surface, and the net piece is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 1 mm; the cage support frame 7 is made by penetrating galvanized iron wires with the diameter of 4mm through a plastic hose, so that seawater is prevented from corroding the iron wires; the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 are nylon ropes with the diameter of 0.5cm, and the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 can be the same rope;

the diameter of the cultivation mesh bag 6 is 30cm, the height is 25cm, a mesh sheet with meshes of 1cm multiplied by 1cm is adopted as the bag body surface, and the mesh sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the bag mouth contraction rope 5 is a rope with the diameter of 0.5cm, the ratio of the original length to the stretching limit of 1:2.2 the elastic band has a length of 45cm, and can be used for tying the bag opening and extending the bag tying body, so that the culture medium in the bag does not float or move.

(1) Preparing a matrix: the specific gravity of the mixture is 0.3g/cm ³ Preparing a shellfish inhabiting matrix with the particle size of 1.5cm by using pumice particles with the porosity of more than 75 percent;

(2) Loading a substrate: putting the dried shellfish inhabiting substrates into culture net bags according to 1.2 kilograms per bag, and soaking the culture net bags in culture seawater for 12 hours to eliminate harmful substances adsorbed by the substrates;

(3) Filling the shellfish seedlings: in a white dragon pearl bay farm in the urban harbor prevention city, selecting blunt-decorated polyamide clam seedlings with regular specification, no damage to shells, strong activity and freely retractable water inlet and outlet pipes for stocking, wherein the stocking specification is that the average shell length is 16.56 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 0.69 g/grain, the stocking amount is 50 grains/bag, putting the oyster seedlings into a substrate of a cultivation mesh bag, and tightening a contraction rope at the bag opening to tie up the bag opening;

(4) Hanging the cage: putting the culture mesh bag filled with the shellfish perching matrix and the spat into a culture mesh cage, tightening a contraction rope at a cage opening, hanging the cage opening on a raft frame through a lifting rope for hanging culture, and keeping the water depth of the culture mesh cage to be more than 50cm and the cage spacing to be 20cm; if the cultivation mesh bag floats and moves in the cultivation mesh cage or the cultivation matrix is loose, the bag body of the cultivation mesh bag and the cage body of the cultivation mesh cage can be penetrated through by a bag opening contraction rope to fix the cultivation mesh bag, so that the matrix and the shellfish can be kept relatively stable in the bag;

(5) Hanging maintenance management: cleaning the cage for 1 time every 20 days to remove attached organisms; checking the growth condition of the shellfish every 25 days, adjusting the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag by loosening and placing a bag opening contraction rope of the culture mesh bag, and ensuring that the shellfish has proper inhabitation and growth space; according to the variety and season of the culture, the hanging water layer is reasonably adjusted according to the water temperature and salinity of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through the seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature, and the cage is hung on the water layer of 1m shallowly after the water temperature rises again in spring and in autumn; in rainy season in midsummer, the cage is deeply hung on a water layer of 2.5 m; in winter, the water temperature is low, and the cage is hung on a water layer of 3.5 m;

(6) Harvesting: hanging the cage on pearl frames of a Yishun pearl farm in urban defense and harbor city, stocking the pearl frames 3 and 19 days 2022, culturing the pearl frames to 8 and 31 days 2022, collecting the cage, pouring out the matrix and the shellfish, sorting out all cultured shellfish, wherein the harvest specification is that the average shell length is 44.60 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 21.76 g/grain, and the culture survival rate is 88.0%; after harvesting, washing the cages and the matrix, removing attached organisms, drying in the sun, recovering and preserving the pipe.

Example 5

the cultivation net cage 4 is conical; the tapered breeding net cage is characterized in that 1 cage support frame 7 is arranged at the bottom in the cage, so that the bottom of the cage is a plane, and the upper part of the cage is tapered after a cage opening contraction rope 3 is tightened; the diameter of the bottom of the cultivation net cage 4 is 40cm, the height of the cultivation net cage is 40cm, a net piece with meshes of 3cm multiplied by 3cm is adopted as the cage body surface, and the net piece is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 1 mm; the cage support frame 7 is made by penetrating galvanized iron wires with the diameter of 3mm through a plastic hose, so that seawater is prevented from corroding the iron wires; the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 are nylon ropes with the diameter of 0.5cm, and the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 can be the same rope;

the diameter of the culture mesh bag 6 is 30cm, the height is 30cm, a mesh sheet with meshes of 0.8cm multiplied by 0.8cm is adopted as the bag body surface, and the mesh sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the bag mouth contraction rope 5 is a rope with the diameter of 0.5cm, the ratio of the original length to the stretching limit of 1:2.2 the elastic band has the length of 40cm, and can be used for tying the bag opening and extending the bag tying body, so that the culture medium in the bag does not float or move.

(1) Preparing a matrix: the specific gravity of the material is 0.45g/cm ³ Preparing shellfish inhabiting matrix with particle size of 2cm from pumice particles with porosity of more than 75%;

(2) Loading a substrate: putting the dried shellfish inhabiting substrates into culture net bags according to 1.5 kilograms per bag, and soaking the culture net bags in culture seawater for 15 hours to eliminate harmful substances adsorbed by the substrates;

(3) Filling the shellfish seedlings: in a white dragon pearl bay farm in the urban harbor prevention city, selecting blunt-decorated polyamide clam seedlings with regular specification, no damage to shells, strong activity and freely retractable water inlet and outlet pipes for stocking, wherein the stocking specification is that the average shell length is 16.56 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 0.69 g/grain, the stocking amount is 60 grains/bag, putting the oyster seedlings into a substrate of a cultivation mesh bag, and tightening a contraction rope at the bag opening to tie up the bag opening;

(4) Hanging the cage: putting the culture mesh bag filled with the shellfish inhabiting matrix and the shellfish seedlings into a culture mesh cage, tightening a contraction rope at a cage opening, hanging the contraction rope on a water surface bearing cable rope through a lifting rope for hanging culture, and keeping the water depth of the culture mesh cage to be more than 50cm and the space between cages to be 15cm; if the cultivation mesh bag floats in the cultivation mesh cage or the cultivation matrix is loose, the bag body of the cultivation mesh bag and the cage body of the cultivation mesh cage can be penetrated through by a bag opening contraction rope to fix the cultivation mesh bag, so that the matrix and the spat are kept relatively stable in the bag;

(5) Hanging maintenance management: cleaning the cage for 1 time every 20 days to remove attached organisms; checking the growth condition of the shellfish every 30 days, and adjusting the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag by loosening and releasing a contraction rope at the opening of the culture mesh bag to ensure that the shellfish has proper inhabitation and growth space; according to the variety and season of the culture, the hanging water layer is reasonably adjusted according to the water temperature and salinity of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through the seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature, and the cage is hung on the water layer with the depth of 0.5m after the water temperature rises again in spring and in autumn; in rainy seasons in midsummer, the cage is deeply hung on a water layer of 2 m; in winter, the water temperature is low, and the cage is deeply hung on a 3m water layer;

(6) Harvesting: hanging the cage on pearl frames of Yishun pearl farms in urban area for urban defense, stocking 3 and 19 days in 2022, stocking to 8 and 31 days in 2022, collecting the cage, pouring out the matrix and the shellfish, sorting out all the cultured shellfish, wherein the harvest specification is that the average shell length is 40.66 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 18.29 g/grain, and the culture survival rate is 93.3%; after harvesting, washing the cage and the matrix, removing attached organisms, and drying in the sun, recovering and preserving the pipe.

Example 6

the breeding net cage 4 is cylindrical; the cylindrical culture net cage is characterized in that 3 cage support frames 7 are arranged at the bottom in the cage, so that the bottom of the cage is a plane, and the upper part of the cage is cylindrical after a cage opening contraction rope 3 is tightened; the diameter of the bottom of the breeding net cage 4 is 40cm, the height of the breeding net cage is 40cm, a net piece with meshes of 2.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm is adopted as the cage body surface, and the net piece is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 1 mm; the cage support frame 7 is made by penetrating galvanized iron wires with the diameter of 4mm through a plastic hose, so that seawater is prevented from corroding the iron wires; the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 are nylon ropes with the diameter of 0.8cm, and the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 can be the same rope;

the diameter of the cultivation mesh bag 6 is 35cm, the height is 30cm, a mesh sheet with meshes of 1cm multiplied by 1cm is adopted as the bag body surface, and the mesh sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the bag mouth contraction rope 5 is a rope with the diameter of 0.5cm and the ratio of the original length to the maximum stretching of 1:2.8, the length of the elastic band is 50cm, and the bag opening can be tied and the bag tying body can be extended, so that the culture medium in the bag does not float and move.

(1) Preparing a matrix: the specific gravity of the mixture is 0.45g/cm ³ Preparing a shellfish inhabiting matrix with the particle size of 2cm by using pumice particles with the porosity of more than 75%;

(2) Loading a substrate: putting the dried shellfish inhabiting substrates into culture net bags according to 1.5 kilograms per bag, and soaking the culture net bags in culture seawater for 24 hours to eliminate harmful substances adsorbed by the substrates;

(3) Filling the shellfish seedlings: in a Bailong pearl bay farm in urban harbor prevention city, selecting blunt-decorated young clams which are neat in specification, free of shell damage, strong in activity and free in extension of water inlet and outlet pipes to breed, wherein the breeding specification is that the average shell length is 16.56 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 0.75 g/grain, the seedling breeding amount is 60 grains/bag, putting the young clams into a substrate of a breeding mesh bag, and tightening a contraction rope at the opening of the bag to be well tied;

(5) Hanging maintenance management: cleaning the cage for 1 time every 30 days to remove attached organisms; checking the growth condition of the shellfish every 30 days, and adjusting the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag by loosening and releasing a contraction rope at the opening of the culture mesh bag to ensure that the shellfish has proper inhabitation and growth space; according to the variety and season of the culture, the hanging culture water layer is reasonably adjusted according to the water temperature and salinity conditions of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through the seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature, and after the water temperature rises again in spring and during autumn, the cage is hung on the water layer with the height of 1.5 m; in rainy seasons in midsummer, the cage is deeply hung on a water layer of 3 m; in winter, the water temperature is low, and the cage is deeply hung on a 4m water layer;

(6) Harvesting: hanging the cage on a pearl frame of a Yishun pearl farm in urban defense, cultivating the pearl frame in 2022 years for 3-19 days, cultivating the pearl frame to 2022 years for 8-31 days, collecting the cage, pouring out the matrix and the shellfish, sorting all the cultured shellfish, wherein the harvesting specification is that the average shell length is 45.25 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 22.76 g/grain, and the culture survival rate is 90.0%; after harvesting, washing the cage and the matrix, removing attached organisms, and drying in the sun, recovering and preserving the pipe.

Example 7

the cultivation net cage 4 is conical; the conical cultivation net cage is characterized in that 1 cage support frame 7 is arranged at the bottom in the cage, the bottom of the cage is a plane, and the upper part of the cage is conical after a cage opening contraction rope 3 is tightened; the diameter of the bottom of the cultivation net cage 4 is 40cm, the height of the cultivation net cage is 40cm, a net piece with meshes of 3cm multiplied by 3cm is adopted as the cage body surface, and the net piece is formed by weaving polyethylene rubber wires with the diameter of 1 mm; the cage support frame 7 is made by penetrating galvanized iron wires with the diameter of 3mm through a plastic hose, so that seawater is prevented from corroding the iron wires; the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 are nylon ropes with the diameter of 0.5cm, and the cage opening contraction rope 3 and the lifting rope 2 can be the same rope;

the diameter of the culture mesh bag 6 is 35cm, the height is 30cm, a mesh sheet with meshes of 1cm multiplied by 1cm is adopted as the bag body surface, and the mesh sheet is formed by weaving polyethylene glue wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the bag mouth contraction rope 5 is a rope with the diameter of 0.5cm and the ratio of the original length to the maximum stretching of 1:2.2 the elastic band has the length of 40cm, and can be used for tying the bag opening and extending the bag tying body, so that the culture medium in the bag does not float or move.

(1) Preparing a matrix: by specific gravityIs 0.45g/cm ³ Preparing a shellfish inhabiting matrix with the particle size of 2cm by using pumice particles with the porosity of more than 75%;

(2) Loading a substrate: putting the dried shellfish inhabiting substrates into breeding net bags according to 1.4 kg per bag, and soaking the bags in breeding seawater for 20h to eliminate harmful substances adsorbed by the substrates;

(3) Filling the shellfish seedlings: in a Bailong pearl bay farm in urban harbor prevention city, selecting blunt-decorated young clams which are neat in specification, free of shell damage, strong in activity and free in extension of water inlet and outlet pipes to breed, wherein the breeding specification is that the average shell length is 16.56 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 0.69 g/grain, the seedling breeding amount is 40 grains/bag, putting the young clams into a substrate of a breeding mesh bag, and tightening a contraction rope of a bag opening to tie up the young clams;

(5) Hanging maintenance management: cleaning the cage for 1 time every 20 days to remove attached organisms; checking the growth condition of the shellfish every 25 days, and adjusting the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag by loosening and releasing a contraction rope at the opening of the culture mesh bag to ensure that the shellfish has proper inhabitation and growth space; according to the variety and season of the culture, the hanging culture water layer is reasonably adjusted according to the water temperature and salinity conditions of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through the seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature, and after the water temperature rises again in spring and during autumn, the cage is hung on the water layer with the depth of 0.5 m; in rainy season in midsummer, the cage is deeply hung on a water layer with the thickness of 1.5 m; in winter, the water temperature is low, and the cage is hung on a water layer of 3.5 m;

(6) Harvesting: hanging the cage on a pearl frame of a Yishun pearl farm in urban defense, cultivating the pearl frame in 2022 years for 3-19 days, cultivating the pearl frame to 2022 years for 8-31 days, collecting the cage, pouring out the matrix and the shellfish, sorting all the cultured shellfish, wherein the harvesting specification is that the average shell length is 45.42 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 22.78 g/grain, and the culture survival rate is 92.5%; after harvesting, washing the cage and the matrix, removing attached organisms, and drying in the sun, recovering and preserving the pipe.

Comparative example 1

The difference between the comparative example 1 and the examples 1 to 3 is that the culture mode of the comparative example 1 is a bottom sowing mode, the site is a beach, the distance between the site and the pearl frame of the Yishun pearl culture farm in the city of the urban defense is about 600m, the rising tide level is submerged with a height of more than 1.2m, and the falling tide level is exposed to the beach with a height of less than 1.2 m; removing impurities and shellfish, leveling the mud flat, putting Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings on the mud flat surface for culturing, wherein the stocking density is 350 grains/m ² (ii) a The stocking specification is the same as example 1; daily management mainly removes impurities and harmful organisms on the beach surface. The Ruditapes philippinarum is cultured according to the method of the comparative example for 164 days, the harvest specification is that the average shell length is 33.04 mm/grain, the average weight (with shell) is 7.94 g/grain, and the culture survival rate is 73.2%.

Comparative example 2

The difference between the comparative example 2 and the examples 4 to 7 is that the breeding mode of the comparative example 2 is a bottom sowing mode, the site is a beach, the distance between the site and the pearl frame of the Yishun pearl breeding farm in the city of the anti-urban area is about 600m, the rising tide level is submerged with a height of more than 1.2m, and the falling tide level is less than 1.2 m; removing impurities and shellfish, leveling the beach, putting blunt and decorated clams on the beach surface for culture, and stocking the density of 300 grains/m ² (ii) a The stocking specification is the same as example 4; daily management mainly removes impurities and harmful organisms on the beach surface. The mactra veneriformis cultivated according to the method of the comparative example for 164 days, the harvest specification is 47.01mm per grain of average shell length and 23.77g per grain of average weight (with shell), and the cultivation survival rate is 48.6 percent.

Comparative example 3

The difference between the comparative example 3 and the examples 4 to 7 is that the cultivation mode of the comparative example 3 is submarine basket type cultivation, the site is a beach, the distance between the site and the pearl frame of the Yishun pearl cultivation field in the city of the urban defense is about 600m, the rising tide level is submerged with a height of more than 1.2m, and the falling tide level is less than 1.2 m; after sundries are removed, the mud flat is leveled, a plastic basket with the length of 485 mm, the width of 385 mm and the height of 155 mm is arranged on the mud flat surface (the specification of the water permeable holes of the basket cover is 1cm multiplied by 0.5cm, the specification of the water permeable holes of the basket bottom is 0.5cm multiplied by 0.5 cm), the basket body is exposed out of the mud flat surface by 5cm, after 12cm of sand is filled, the blunt-decorated clam seedlings are put into the sand for cultivation, and the stocking density is 50 grains/basket; the stocking specification is the same as that of example 4; daily management mainly removes impurities on the beach surface, organisms attached to the basket body and strengthens the spiral basket which is washed by waves and overturned. The soft and soft clams are bred according to the method of the comparative example for 164 days, the harvest specification is that the average shell length is 40.27 mm/grain, the average body weight (with shell) is 18.11 g/grain, and the breeding survival rate is 72.7%.

The culture time, survival rate and harvest average specification of the benthic shellfish for benthic culture in examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 were counted, as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from table 1, the suspended culture method for the buried shellfish provided by the present invention is used for culturing the buried shellfish Ruditapes philippinarum and Ruditapes unibracteata for 164 days, and the harvesting specifications are respectively as follows: the average shell length is 41.21-43.64 mm/grain, the average body weight (with shell) is 10.36-12.27 g/grain, the average shell length is 40.66-45.42 mm/grain, and the average body weight (with shell) is 18.29-22.78 g/grain; the culture survival rate is more than 88.0 percent.

Comparing the data of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, the survival rate of the Ruditapes philippinarum cultured by the method is more than 92.0%, and is improved by more than 19%; the average shell length and the body weight of the Ruditapes philippinarum are larger than those of the Ruditapes philippinarum in the comparison ratio 1, and the growth speed is higher. The method is superior to the bottom sowing culture method used in the comparative example 1, the facility can prevent harmful organisms such as fish, crabs and the like from damaging the buried shellfish, the shellfish can be ensured to grow well, and the culture survival rate and the growth speed are higher than those of the comparative example.

Comparing the data of the examples 4-7 of the invention with the data of the comparative example 2, the survival rate of the mactra veneriformis cultivated by the method of the invention is more than 88.0 percent, while the survival rate of the comparative example 2 is only 48.6 percent. The method of the invention is superior to the bottom sowing and breeding method used in the comparative example 2, the facility can prevent harmful organisms such as fish, crab and the like from damaging the buried shellfish, the shellfish can be ensured to grow well, and the breeding survival rate is high.

Comparing the data of the examples 4-7 and the comparative example 3, the survival rate of the tapes philippinarum cultured by the method is over 88.0 percent, and is over 15 percent higher than 72.7 percent of the comparative example 2. The method of the invention is superior to the submarine basket type culture method used in the comparative example 3, the facility can reduce the disease caused by the deposition of the self-excreta of the shellfish in the inhabitation environment, the death or the loss of the shellfish caused by the rushing of the culture facility by sea waves like the comparative example 3 is avoided, the good growth of the shellfish can be ensured, and the culture survival rate is improved.

The invention changes the uncontrollable condition of buried shellfish bottom sowing culture, reduces predation of aquatic animals to shellfish and breeding of disease organisms, thereby effectively improving the growth speed and survival rate of buried shellfish, simultaneously uses pumice to replace sand, has light material, is convenient for culture inspection and harvesting, does not need sand-spitting treatment on finished products, reduces labor amount, provides a technical method for realizing automatic monitoring, harmless harvesting and multi-water-layer ecological culture of fishes, shrimps and shellfish, and has good application prospect.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A suspended-culture cage for buried-dwelling shellfish is characterized by comprising a water surface bearing cable or raft frame, a lifting rope, a cage opening contraction rope, a culture net cage, a bag opening contraction rope, a culture net bag and a cage supporting frame; the cultivation mesh bag is arranged in the cultivation mesh cage, and a bag opening contraction rope is arranged at the top of the cultivation mesh bag; the top of the cultivation net cage is provided with a cage opening contraction rope, and the bottom of the cultivation net cage is provided with a cage support frame; one end of the lifting rope is tied to the cultivation net cage, and the other end of the lifting rope is tied to the water surface bearing cable or the raft frame, so that the lifting rope is suspended below the water surface bearing cable or the raft frame.

2. The suspended cultivation cage for buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the cultivation net bag is 30-35 cm, the height is 25-30 cm, and a net sheet with mesh openings of 0.8-1 cm x 0.8-1 cm is used as the body surface of the bag.

3. The suspended cultivation cage for buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the bottom of the cultivation cage is 40-45 cm, the height is 35-40 cm, and a mesh sheet with mesh openings of 1.5-3 cm x 1.5-3 cm is used as the cage body surface.

4. The suspended culture cage for buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the bag mouth contraction rope is an elastic band with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 cm, a ratio of original length to maximum extension of 1.

5. A method for cultivating buried shellfish by using the buried shellfish suspended culture cage as defined in any of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of:

(1) Preparing a matrix: the specific gravity of the material is 0.3-0.45 g/cm ³ Preparing shellfish inhabiting matrix by pumice particles with porosity of more than 75%;

(2) Loading a matrix: putting the dried shellfish inhabiting matrix into a culture net bag, and soaking the culture net bag in culture seawater for 12-24 h;

(3) Filling the shellfish seedlings: selecting buried shellfish with regular specification, no damage to shell, strong activity, flexible water inlet and outlet pipe, and shell length larger than 1.5cm, breeding, placing shellfish into the matrix of breeding mesh bag, tightening the bag opening contraction rope, and tying;

(4) Hanging the cage: putting the culture mesh bag filled with the shellfish perching matrix and the shellfish seedlings into a culture mesh cage, tightening a cage mouth contraction rope, and hanging the cage mouth contraction rope on a water surface bearing cable or a raft frame through a lifting rope for hanging culture;

(5) Hanging and maintaining management: cleaning the cage for 1 time every 20-30 days to remove attached organisms; checking the growth condition of the shellfish every 25-30 days, adjusting the compactness of the matrix in the culture mesh bag by loosening and releasing a bag mouth contraction rope of the culture mesh bag, and ensuring that the shellfish has proper inhabitation and growth space; according to the variety and season of the cultured shellfish, the suspended culture water layer is reasonably adjusted according to the water temperature and salinity of the sea area, so that the cultured shellfish can safely live through the seasons with high temperature, much rain, cold winter and low temperature;

(6) Harvesting: culturing the shellfish to a finished product specification, collecting the cages, pouring out the matrix and the shellfish, sorting out all cultured shellfish, and selling on the market; after harvesting, washing the cage and the matrix, removing attached organisms, and drying in the sun, recovering and preserving the pipe.

6. The method for cultivating embedded shellfish according to claim 5, wherein the step (5) is a step of suspending the cage in a shallow water layer of 0.5-1.5 m after the water temperature rises in spring and in autumn; in rainy seasons in midsummer, the cage is deeply hung on a water layer with the thickness of 1.5-3 m; in winter, the water temperature is low, and the cage is deeply hung on a water layer of 3-4 m.

7. The method for suspended cultivation of buried shellfish according to claim 5, wherein in step (4), the water depth of the net cage is kept more than 50cm and the cage distance is 15-20 cm.

8. The method for suspended cultivation of buried shellfish according to claim 5, wherein in step (3), the amount of the spat is 40-60 spat/bag.

9. The method for cultivating the buried shellfish according to claim 5, wherein the substrate is placed at 1.0 to 1.5 kg per bag in step (2).

10. The method for suspended culture of buried shellfish according to claim 5, wherein in step (1), the particle size of said pumice particles is 1.5-2 cm.