CN115584442B - 高表面质量汽车钢及其生产方法 - Google Patents

高表面质量汽车钢及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN115584442B
CN115584442B CN202211120690.5A CN202211120690A CN115584442B CN 115584442 B CN115584442 B CN 115584442B CN 202211120690 A CN202211120690 A CN 202211120690A CN 115584442 B CN115584442 B CN 115584442B
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CN115584442A (zh
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赵江涛
陈吉清
熊飞
张鹏武
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高表面质量汽车钢及其生产方法，其化学成分及重量百分比含量：C0.07～0.12％，Mn1.5～2.0％，P≤0.01％，S≤0.004％，Al0.1～0.2％，Ti0.15～0.20％，V0.02～0.04％，Cr0.9～1.5％，B0.002～0.004％，N0.003～0.006％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；包括以下步骤：经过转炉冶炼后进入真空处理，其后将钢水连铸成坯；铸坯采用热装炉方式，装炉温度400～700℃；对铸坯加热进行三段式加热，包括预热、加热和均热；对加热后铸坯进行分段轧制；控制粗轧结束温度在1040～1060℃，控制精轧终轧温度在780～820℃；轧后钢卷速度大于7m/s；轧制后采用高冷速进行冷却，冷却速度为51～80℃/s，冷却至500～600℃，冷后卷取；生产的钢板厚度为2～12mm，钢材下屈服强度≥600MPa、抗拉强度700～900MPa，延伸率≥20％，满足商用车免表面处理及免涂装的使用要求。

Description

高表面质量汽车钢及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域，具体涉及一种汽车钢及其生产方法。
背景技术
商用车热轧钢材料在加工使用过程中，其加工流程为：(1)表面处理，通过酸洗或喷丸处理去除表面氧化铁皮；(2)成形；(3)涂装。在表面处理过程中不论是酸的使用还是喷丸丸粒的使用，均对环境造成破坏。涂装工序主要是防腐，对涂料的使用，也会对环境造成破坏。
经初步检索，专利申请号为：201910473681.6的文献，公开了一种弥散纳米强化690钢及其制造方法，其强度级别为690MPa级，但其未关注材料表面性能，未能减少汽车厂的加工成本。
如何得到一种表面氧化铁皮致密附着力强，不需要进行氧化铁皮去除，同时钢基具耐腐蚀性能，可以减小涂装漆膜厚度甚至取消涂装工序，满足汽车厂高表面特性高强钢要求的汽车钢成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种具有高表面质量汽车钢热轧钢板及其生产方法，生产的钢板厚度为2～12mm，钢材下屈服强度≥600MPa、抗拉强度700～900MPa，延伸率≥20％，满足商用车免表面处理及免涂装的使用要求。
为达到上述目的，采用技术方案如下：
一种高表面质量汽车钢，其化学成分及重量百分比含量：C0.07～0.12％，Mn1.5～2.0％，P≤0.01％，S≤0.004％，Al0.1～0.2％，Ti0.15～0.20％，V0.02～0.04％，Cr0.9～1.5％，B0.002～0.004％，N0.003～0.006％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
上述高表面质量汽车钢的生产方法，包括以下步骤：
1)经过转炉冶炼后进入真空处理，其后将钢水连铸成坯；
2)铸坯采用热装炉方式，装炉温度400～700℃；对铸坯加热进行三段式加热，包括预热、加热和均热；预热段温度800～1000℃，时间50～70min；加热段温度控制在1180～1200℃，时间30～40min；均热段温度控制在1240～1260℃，时间50～60min；
3)对加热后铸坯进行分段轧制；控制粗轧结束温度在1040～1060℃，控制精轧终轧温度在780～820℃；
4)轧后钢卷速度大于7m/s；
5)轧制后采用高冷速进行冷却，冷却速度为51～80℃/s，冷却至500～600℃，冷后卷取。
按上述方案，步骤2中优化的方案为装炉温度500～600℃，预热段温度900℃，时间60min；加热段温度控制在1190℃，时间35min；均热段温度控制在1250℃，时间55min。
按上述方案，步骤2中铸坯上下表面及两侧温度波动控制在30℃以内。
按上述方案，步骤3中优化的方案为粗轧结束温度在1050℃，精轧终轧温度在800℃。
按上述方案，步骤4中优化的方案为轧后钢卷速度7-10m/s。
按上述方案，步骤5中控制冷却水水温≤30℃。
本发明中各组分及主要工艺的作用及控制的理由：
碳：碳是廉价的固溶强化元素。如果其含量小于0.07％，则不能满足材料强度的要求；如果其含量大于0.12％，则不能满足材料的良好成形性能。所以，将其含量限定在0.07～0.12％范围。
锰：锰是提高强度和韧性最有效的元素，可改善钢的强度-延伸平衡性。如果其含量小于1.5％，则不能满足材料强度要求；但是添加多量的锰，会导致增加钢的淬透性，所以，将其上限定为2.0％，所以，将其含量限定在1.5～2.0％范围。
磷：磷是钢中的有害元素，易引起铸坯中心偏析，为了避免冷弯成形性能、韧性发生恶化，设定其含量上限为0.01％。
硫：硫是非常有害的元素。钢中的硫常以锰的硫化物形态存在，这种硫化物夹杂对钢的疲劳性能是十分不利的，并造成性能的各向异性，因此，为满足疲劳性能的要求，将钢中硫含量控制在0.004％以下。
铝：铝是良好的脱氧元素，能缩小奥氏体相区。当Als含量不足0.1％时，不能发挥其效果；另一方面，由于添加多量的铝容易形成氧化铝团块，所以，规定Als上限为0.2％。因此，Als含量限定在0.1～0.2％范围。
钛：钛是良好的细晶强化元素，当Ti含量低于0.15％时，难以发挥效果，当Ti含量高于0.20％时，易于形成含钛的金属夹杂物。因此将Ti含量限定在0.15～0.20％。
铬：铬是良好的耐腐蚀元素，当Cr含量低于0.9％时，难以发挥效果，当Cr含量高于0.15％时，易于增加脆性。因此将Ti含量限定在0.9～0.15％。
硼：硼是良好的淬透性元素，提升表面的硬度，当B含量低于0.002％时，难以发挥效果，当B含量高于0.004％时，易于形成晶界偏聚缺陷。因此将B含量限定在0.002～0.004％。
钒：钛是良好的细晶强化元素，在低温下也能充分析出，利于提升钢板疲劳性能。当V含量低于0.02％时，难以发挥效果，当V含量高于0.04％时，易于形成含V的金属夹杂物。因此将V含量限定在0.02～0.04％。
氮：氮元素可促进钒元素的稳定析出，提升疲劳性能，将其限定在0.003～0.006％。
除了对以上化学成分的范围作了限定以外，从提高材料成形性、经济性的观点出发，本发明未添加Cu、Ni、Mo等贵重合金元素。
相对于现有技术，本发明有益效果如下：
对铸坯进行分段加热并保温，是本发明的关键技术点。铸坯经过预热段、均热段二个阶段，合金元素充分固溶，铸坯温度均匀，组织更均匀，产品力学性能和使用性能更稳定。
进行分段轧制，并控制粗轧结束温度在1000～1040℃，控制精轧终轧温度在780～820℃。这是因为如果粗轧结束温度低于1000℃，则无法保证精轧终轧温度达到设定值，增大轧制负荷，增加能耗；如高于1040℃，则会导致晶粒粗大。如果精轧终轧温度低于780℃，则会在材料的两相区内进行轧制，造成混晶等缺陷；如高于820℃，则钢材的原始奥氏体晶粒会过于粗大，降低钢材的表面硬度。
轧后钢卷速度是本发明关键点，速度小于7m/s，会表面氧化铁皮变厚，容易脱落。
对轧制后钢卷高速冷却，高的冷却速度能保证组织均匀性，起到细晶强化作用。控制冷却水水温≤30℃是为了保证冷却时的冷却速度。
本发明所生产的高表面质量汽车钢及生产方法能以细小均匀的F+B为基体的组织，钢材下屈服强度≥600MPa、抗拉强度700～900MPa，延伸率≥20％，可以免表面处理，直接涂装，减少车企对环境的污染。
附图说明
图1：实施例1所得钢板折弯后的形貌。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步阐释本发明的技术方案，但不作为对本发明保护范围的限制。
具体实施方式提供了一种高表面质量汽车钢，其化学成分及重量百分比含量：C0.07～0.12％，Mn 1.5～2.0％，P≤0.01％，S≤0.004％，Al 0.1～0.2％，Ti 0.15～0.20％，V 0.02～0.04％，Cr 0.9～1.5％，B0.002～0.004％，N 0.003～0.006％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
具体实施方式还提供了上述高表面质量汽车钢的生产方法，包括以下步骤：
1)经过转炉冶炼后进入真空处理，其后将钢水连铸成坯。
2)铸坯采用热装炉方式，装炉温度400～700℃；对铸坯加热进行三段式加热，包括预热、加热和均热；预热段温度800～1000℃，时间50～70min；加热段温度控制在1180～1200℃，时间30～40min；均热段温度控制在1240～1260℃，时间50～60min；铸坯经过预热段、均热段二个阶段，合金元素充分固溶，铸坯温度均匀，组织更均匀，产品力学性能和使用性能更稳定。
3)对加热后铸坯进行分段轧制；控制粗轧结束温度在1040～1060℃，控制精轧终轧温度在780～820℃。
4)轧后钢卷速度大于7m/s。速度小于7m/s，会表面氧化铁皮变厚，容易脱落。
5)轧制后采用高冷速进行冷却，冷却速度为51～80℃/s，冷却至500～600℃，冷后卷取。对轧制后钢卷高速冷却，高的冷却速度能保证组织均匀性，起到细晶强化作用。
步骤2中优化的方案为装炉温度500～600℃，预热段温度900℃，时间60min；加热段温度控制在1190℃，时间35min；均热段温度控制在1250℃，时间55min。
步骤2中铸坯上下表面及两侧温度波动控制在30℃以内。
步骤3中优化的方案为粗轧结束温度在1050℃，精轧终轧温度在800℃。
步骤4中优化的方案为轧后钢卷速度7-10m/s。以下实施例中钢卷速度7m/s。
步骤5中控制冷却水水温≤30℃。控制冷却水水温≤30℃是为了保证冷却时的冷却速度。
表1是本发明各实施例的化学成分列表。表2为本发明各实施例的主要工艺参数列表。表3为本发明各实施例性能检测情况列表。
表1
实施例 C/％ Mn/％ P/％ S/％ Als/％ B/％ Ti/％ N/％ V/％ Cr/％
1 0.07 1.5 0.004 0.004 0.10 0.002 0.15 0.003 0.020 0.9
2 0.071 1.90 0.005 0.003 0.11 0.0023 0.20 0.004 0.033 1.5
3 0.082 1.60 0.002 0.002 0.15 0.0025 0.16 0.005 0.040 1.0
4 0.088 2.0 0.001 0.001 0.16 0.0034 0.19 0.004 0.037 1.1
5 0.090 1.75 0.003 0.0007 0.18 0.0039 0.18 0.006 0.039 1.2
6 0.098 1.65 0.004 0.0004 0.19 0.0040 0.17 0.006 0.027 1.3
7 0.11 1.85 0.005 0.0005 0.20 0.0036 0.16 0.005 0.028 1.4
8 0.12 1.95 0.01 0.0006 0.13 0.0033 0.20 0.004 0.036 1.2
表2
Figure BDA0003846409090000051
表3
Figure BDA0003846409090000052
实施例1所得钢板折弯后的形貌见图1所示，钢板表面氧化铁皮附着紧密，折弯后，氧化铁皮极少脱落。

Claims (6)

1.一种高表面质量汽车钢的生产方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1）经过转炉冶炼后进入真空处理，其后将钢水连铸成坯；
2）铸坯采用热装炉方式，装炉温度400~700℃；对铸坯加热进行三段式加热，包括预热、加热和均热；预热段温度800~1000℃，时间50~70min；加热段温度控制在1180~1200℃，时间30~40min；均热段温度控制在1240~1260℃，时间50~60min；
3）对加热后铸坯进行分段轧制；控制粗轧结束温度在1040~1060℃，控制精轧终轧温度在780~820℃；
4）轧后钢卷速度大于7m/s；
5）轧制后采用高冷速进行冷却，冷却速度为51～80℃/s，冷却至500～600℃，冷后卷取；
所述高表面质量汽车钢的化学成分及重量百分比含量：C 0.07~0.12%，Mn 1.5~2.0%，P≤0.01%，S≤0.004%，Al 0.1~0.2%，Ti 0.15~0.20%，V 0.02~0.04%，Cr 0.9~1.5%，B0.002~0.004%，N 0.003~0.006%，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
2.如权利要求1所述高表面质量汽车钢的生产方法，其特征在于步骤2中优化的方案为装炉温度500~600℃，预热段温度900℃，时间60min；加热段温度控制在1190℃，时间35min；均热段温度控制在1250℃，时间55min。
3.如权利要求1所述高表面质量汽车钢的生产方法，其特征在于步骤2中铸坯上下表面及两侧温度波动控制在30℃以内。
4.如权利要求1所述高表面质量汽车钢的生产方法，其特征在于步骤3中优化的方案为粗轧结束温度在1050℃，精轧终轧温度在800℃。
5.如权利要求1所述高表面质量汽车钢的生产方法，其特征在于步骤4中优化的方案为轧后钢卷速度7-10m/s。
6.如权利要求1所述高表面质量汽车钢的生产方法，其特征在于步骤5中控制冷却水水温≤30℃。
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