CN115582577B - Broaching processing method and equipment with error compensation - Google Patents
Broaching processing method and equipment with error compensation Download PDFInfo
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- CN115582577B CN115582577B CN202211357146.2A CN202211357146A CN115582577B CN 115582577 B CN115582577 B CN 115582577B CN 202211357146 A CN202211357146 A CN 202211357146A CN 115582577 B CN115582577 B CN 115582577B
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D41/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
- B23D41/08—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts of drives; of control devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D41/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
Abstract
The invention discloses a broaching processing method and equipment with error compensation. The broaching apparatus includes a broaching module and a table. The workbench is used for clamping the workpiece. The broaching module comprises a mounting seat, a broaching machine guide rail, a broaching driving assembly, a driving clamping fine adjustment device and a driven clamping fine adjustment device. The driving clamping fine tuning device and the driven clamping fine tuning device have the same structure and comprise a slide carriage, a broach clamping assembly and a broach bidirectional fine tuning assembly. The broach clamping assembly is arranged on the slide carriage through the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly. The broaching tool bidirectional fine adjustment assembly is used for driving the broaching tool clamping assembly to move in two degrees of freedom in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the broaching machine guide rail. According to the invention, the precision of the position error and the perpendicularity error of the broach is obtained by detecting the size of the workpiece obtained by broaching, and the position and the posture of the broach are dynamically adjusted by utilizing the bidirectional fine adjustment assemblies at the two ends of the broach, so that the compensation of errors such as broach abrasion, broach processing system deformation and the like is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent manufacturing, and particularly relates to a broaching processing method and equipment with error compensation.
Background
In modern manufacturing, a large number of critical base parts are required, which are often machined by turning, milling, drawing, grinding, etc. Generally, the broaching process is efficient, especially for the formation of complex surfaces. However, due to the long broaching stroke, easy deformation, and wear of the broach, on-line compensation of errors in the broaching process is urgently needed, so that higher broaching precision can be obtained. For key parts of the aero-engine, particularly for a turbine disk mortise of the aero-engine, the turbine disk mortise works in a severe environment with high temperature, high pressure and high rotating speed. Most of the part materials are made of difficult-to-process materials such as high-temperature alloy, powder high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy and the like, the part shape is complex, the requirement on dimensional accuracy is high, the technical conditions are strict, the requirements on the surface quality and the surface integrity of the part are high, and the service life and the safety and reliability of an engine are directly influenced by the processing quality. Meanwhile, as the requirements of aero-engine products are large, the development period of the products is shortened, and the requirements on the production efficiency of the aero-engine products are higher and higher.
In recent years, with the continuous progress and development of the fields of key basic parts, automobile engineering, aviation engineering and the like, the processing technology of the key parts is greatly improved, and the traditional processing technology and means are changed to the automatic, integrated, accurate and efficient direction pushing and developing of closed-loop control broaching processing methods, numerical control broaching equipment and the like. For complex-shaped critical parts of an aeroengine and a large number of wide-range critical basic parts, such as a turbine disk mortises of the aeroengine, the traditional numerical control milling or broaching machining mode and equipment are basically adopted at present. Due to the complex shape and the multiple processing procedures, the main problems of low processing efficiency, difficult guarantee of processing precision and the like are commonly existed. Therefore, the invention provides the closed-loop control broaching processing method and the closed-loop control broaching processing equipment which are oriented to the processing of key parts of an aeroengine and key basic parts with a large range and aim at compensating errors such as deformation of a broaching machine processing system, abrasion of a broach and the like in real time, and the processing precision and the processing efficiency are greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a closed-loop control broaching processing method and equipment for compensating errors such as deformation of a broaching machine processing system and broaching wear and the like, which are oriented to processing of key parts of an aeroengine and key basic parts with a large range.
A broaching method with error compensation adopts broaching equipment comprising a broaching module and a workbench. The workbench is used for clamping the workpiece. The broaching module comprises a mounting seat, a broaching machine guide rail, a broaching driving assembly, a driving clamping fine adjustment device and a driven clamping fine adjustment device. The broaching machine guide rail is fixed on the mounting seat; the driving clamping fine tuning device and the driven clamping fine tuning device have the same structure and comprise a slide carriage, a broach clamping assembly and a broach bidirectional fine tuning assembly. The slide carriage is connected on the broaching machine guide rail in a sliding way. The slide carriage of the active clamping fine adjustment device slides along the broaching machine guide rail under the drive of the broaching driving component. The broach clamping assembly is arranged on the slide carriage through the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly. The broach clamping assembly is used for clamping the broach; the broaching tool bidirectional fine adjustment assembly is used for driving the broaching tool clamping assembly to move in two degrees of freedom in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the broaching machine guide rail.
The broaching processing method with error compensation comprises the following steps:
step one, clamping tool shanks at two ends of a broach on a broach clamping assembly of a driving clamping fine adjustment device and a driven clamping fine adjustment device respectively.
Step two, the broaching driving assembly drives the broaching tool to broach the workpiece; and detecting the size of the broached part of the obtained workpiece, and reaching the position error and the perpendicularity error of the broach in the broaching process.
And thirdly, synchronously adjusting the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly on the driving clamping fine adjustment device and the driven clamping fine adjustment device according to the position error, so that the two ends of the broach synchronously move, the position of the broach is adjusted, the position error of the broach is reduced, and the dimensional accuracy of the broached part of the workpiece is improved.
And fourthly, adjusting the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly on the driving clamping fine adjustment device and/or the driven clamping fine adjustment device according to the perpendicularity error, so that one end of the broach moves or both ends move in opposite directions, the posture of the broach is adjusted, the perpendicularity error of the broach is reduced, and the dimensional accuracy of the broached part of the workpiece is improved.
Preferably, the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece obtained by latest broaching is detected every preset broaching time length or preset broaching times, and the positions of the driving clamping fine adjustment device and the driven clamping fine adjustment device are adjusted, so that errors generated in the lasting broaching operation of the broaching tool are eliminated.
Preferably, the broaching driving assembly comprises a broaching screw rod and a broaching servo motor; one end of the broaching machine screw rod is supported on the mounting seat. The broaching machine screw is driven to rotate by a broaching servo motor; the nut fixed on the active clamping fine-tuning device and the broaching machine screw form a screw pair.
Preferably, the broaching machine guide rail and the broaching machine screw are vertically arranged; the driving clamping fine adjustment device is located right above the driven clamping fine adjustment device.
Preferably, the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly comprises a Y-direction adjustment assembly and an X-direction adjustment assembly. The Y-direction adjusting component is arranged on the slide carriage. The X-direction adjusting assembly is mounted on the linear moving part of the Y-direction adjusting assembly. The broach clamping assembly is mounted on the linear moving part of the X-direction adjusting assembly. The X-direction adjusting assembly and the Y-direction adjusting assembly can respectively drive the corresponding linear moving parts to slide, and the sliding directions of the X-direction adjusting assembly and the Y-direction adjusting assembly are mutually perpendicular.
Preferably, the Y-direction adjusting assembly comprises a Y-direction servo motor, a Y-direction screw rod, a Y-direction bearing seat, a Y-direction bracket and a Y-direction guide rail. The Y-shaped guide rail is fixed on the slide carriage. The Y-direction bracket is connected to the Y-direction guide rail in a sliding way. The Y-direction screw rod is supported on the slide carriage through a Y-direction bearing seat and a bearing. The screw hole on the Y-direction bracket and the Y-direction screw rod form a screw pair. The Y-direction servo motor is fixed on the slide carriage, and the output shaft is fixed with one end of the Y-direction screw rod. The Y-direction bracket is a linear moving part of the Y-direction adjusting component.
Preferably, the X-direction adjusting assembly comprises an X-direction servo motor, an X-direction screw rod, an X-direction bearing seat, an X-direction bracket and an X-direction guide rail. Two X-direction guide rails which are parallel to each other are fixed on a Y-direction bracket; the X-direction bracket is connected to the two X-direction guide rails in a sliding way. The X-direction screw rod is supported on the Y-direction bracket through an X-direction bearing seat and a bearing. Screw hole on the X-direction bracket and the X-direction screw rod form a screw pair. The X-direction servo motor is fixed on the Y-direction bracket, and the output shaft is fixed with one end of the X-direction screw rod. The X-direction bracket is a linear moving part of the X-direction adjusting component.
Preferably, the broach clamping assembly comprises a fixed V-shaped block, a movable V-shaped block, an electromagnet, a guide rod and a T-shaped groove. The fixed V-shaped block is arranged on the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly, and the position can be adjusted. The fixed V-shaped block and the movable V-shaped block are arranged on the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly in a mutually opposite way; v-shaped clamping grooves are formed in opposite side surfaces of the fixed V-shaped block and the movable V-shaped block. Guide mounting holes are formed in two sides of the fixed V-shaped block. One end of the two guide rods is respectively fixed with two sides of the movable V-shaped block. The other ends of the two guide rods respectively extend into the two guide mounting holes of the fixed V-shaped block and form a sliding pair. The ends of the two guide rods extending into the guide mounting holes are provided with armature blocks; the end parts, far away from the movable V-shaped blocks, inside the two guide mounting holes are fixed with electromagnets. The electromagnet is aligned with the armature block; when the electromagnet is electrified, the armature block can be attracted to drive the movable V-shaped block to slide towards the fixed V-shaped block.
Preferably, return springs are sleeved on the two guide rods. The two ends of the return spring respectively prop against the opposite side surfaces of the fixed V-shaped block and the movable V-shaped block. The return spring drives the movable V-shaped block to be far away from the fixed V-shaped block after the electromagnet is powered off, so that the handle of the broach is loosened.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a broaching apparatus with error compensation including a broaching module and a table. The workbench is used for clamping the workpiece. The broaching module comprises a mounting seat, a broaching machine guide rail, a broaching driving assembly, a driving clamping fine adjustment device, a driven clamping fine adjustment device and a broach. The broaching machine guide rail is fixed on the mounting seat; the driving clamping fine tuning device and the driven clamping fine tuning device have the same structure and comprise a slide carriage, a broach clamping assembly and a broach bidirectional fine tuning assembly. The slide carriage is connected on the broaching machine guide rail in a sliding way. The slide carriage of the active clamping fine adjustment device slides along the broaching machine guide rail under the drive of the broaching driving component. The broach clamping assembly is arranged on the slide carriage through the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly. The broach clamping assembly is used for clamping the broach; the broaching tool bidirectional fine adjustment assembly is used for driving the broaching tool clamping assembly to move in two degrees of freedom in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the broaching machine guide rail. In the working process, the driving clamping fine tuning device and the driven clamping fine tuning device adjust the position error and the perpendicularity error of the broach according to the dimensional accuracy of the broached workpiece, and the broaching accuracy is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the broaching precision adjusting device, the precision of the position error and the perpendicularity error of the broach is obtained by detecting the size of the workpiece obtained by broaching, and the position and the gesture of the broach are dynamically adjusted by utilizing the bidirectional fine adjustment assemblies at the two ends of the broach, so that the dynamic compensation of errors such as broach abrasion and broaching system deformation is realized, and the broaching precision of the broach in the whole life cycle is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a broaching module according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along section A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of section B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of section C-C of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of section D-D of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A broaching apparatus with error compensation includes a broaching module and a table. The specific structure of the workbench can be made of the existing products in the market, and the detailed description is omitted here.
As shown in fig. 1, the broaching module includes a mounting base 3, a broaching machine guide rail 2, a broaching machine screw 4, a driving clamping fine adjustment device 1, a driven clamping fine adjustment device 8 and a broaching tool 9. Two broaching machine guide rails 2 which are parallel to each other are fixed on a mounting seat 3; one end of the broaching machine screw 4 is supported on the mount 3 via a first bearing block 5 and a first bearing 6. The broaching servo motor 7 is fixed on the mounting seat 3, and the output shaft is coaxially fixed with one end of the broaching machine screw 4; the driving clamping fine tuning device 1 and the driven clamping fine tuning device 8 are both connected to the two broaching machine guide rails 2 in a sliding manner. The nut fixed on the active clamping fine adjustment device 1 and the broaching machine screw 4 form a screw pair. The two ends of the broach 9 are respectively clamped on the driving clamping fine tuning device 1 and the driven clamping fine tuning device 8. The broaching machine guide rail 2 and the broaching machine lead screw 4 are vertically arranged; the driving clamping fine adjustment device 1 is located right above the driven clamping fine adjustment device 8. The broaching servo motor 7 drives the driving clamping fine tuning device 1 and the driven clamping fine tuning device 8 to move up and down on the broaching machine guide rail 2 by driving the screw nut pair, so that the broaching tool 9 is driven to finish broaching and return operation, and broaching is performed on a workpiece clamped on a workbench.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the driving clamping fine adjustment device 1 and the driven clamping fine adjustment device 8 have the same structure and each comprises a slide carriage 1-1, a broach clamping assembly and a broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly. The slide carriage 1-1 is connected on the two broaching machine guide rails 2 in a sliding way. The nut connected to the broaching machine screw 4 is fixed with the slide carriage 1-1 on the active clamping fine adjustment device 1. The broach clamping assembly is arranged on the slide carriage 1-1 through a broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly. The broach clamping assembly is used for clamping the broach; the broaching tool bidirectional fine adjustment assembly is used for driving the broaching tool clamping assembly to move in two degrees of freedom in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the broaching machine guide rail 2, and accurate adjustment of broaching positions is achieved.
The broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly comprises a Y-direction adjustment assembly and an X-direction adjustment assembly. The Y-direction adjusting component is arranged on the slide carriage 1-1. The X-direction adjusting assembly is mounted on the linear moving part of the Y-direction adjusting assembly. The broach clamping assembly is mounted on the linear moving part of the X-direction adjusting assembly. The X-direction adjusting assembly and the Y-direction adjusting assembly can respectively drive the corresponding linear moving parts to slide, and the sliding directions of the X-direction adjusting assembly and the Y-direction adjusting assembly are mutually perpendicular.
The Y-direction adjusting component comprises a Y-direction servo motor 1-6, a Y-direction screw rod 1-5, a Y-direction bearing seat 1-7, a Y-direction bracket 1-3 and a Y-direction guide rail 1-18. The Y-direction guide rail 1-18 is fixed on the slide carriage 1-1. The Y-direction bracket 1-3 is slidingly connected to the Y-direction guide rail 1-18. The Y-direction screw rod 1-5 is supported on the slide carriage 1-1 through a Y-direction bearing seat 1-7 and a bearing. Screw holes on the Y-direction bracket 1-3 and the Y-direction screw rod 1-5 form a screw pair. The Y-direction servo motor 1-6 is fixed on the slide carriage 1-1, and an output shaft is fixed with one end of the Y-direction screw rod 1-5. The Y-direction bracket 1-3 is a linear moving part of the Y-direction adjusting component.
The X-direction adjusting component comprises an X-direction servo motor 1-10, an X-direction screw rod 1-12, an X-direction bearing seat 1-11, an X-direction bracket 1-8 and an X-direction guide rail 1-17. Two X-direction guide rails 1-17 which are parallel to each other are fixed on a Y-direction bracket 1-3; the X-direction bracket 1-8 is connected on the two X-direction guide rails 1-17 in a sliding way. The X-direction screw rod 1-12 is supported on the Y-direction bracket 1-3 through the X-direction bearing seat 1-11 and a bearing. Screw holes on the X-direction bracket 1-8 and the X-direction screw rod 1-12 form a screw pair. The X-direction servo motor 1-10 is fixed on the Y-direction bracket 1-3, and an output shaft is fixed with one end of the X-direction screw rod 1-12. The X-direction bracket 1-8 is a linear moving part of the X-direction adjusting assembly.
The broach clamping assembly comprises a fixed V-shaped block 1-14, a movable V-shaped block 1-4, an electromagnet 1-2, a return spring 1-15, a guide rod 1-13, a fixing bolt 1-9 and a T-shaped groove 1-16. T-shaped grooves 1-16 are arranged on the X-direction bracket 1-8. The fixed V-block 1-14 is fixed in the T-slot 1-16 by means of a fixing bolt 1-9 and can be adjusted in position along the T-slot 1-16. The fixed V-shaped block 1-14 and the movable V-shaped block 1-4 are arranged opposite to each other on the X-direction bracket 1-8; v-shaped clamping grooves are formed in opposite side surfaces of the fixed V-shaped blocks 1-14 and the movable V-shaped blocks 1-4.
Guide mounting holes are formed in two sides of the fixed V-shaped blocks 1-14. One end of the two guide rods 1-13 is respectively fixed with two sides of the movable V-shaped block 1-4. The other ends of the two guide rods 1-13 respectively extend into the two guide mounting holes of the fixed V-shaped blocks 1-14 and form sliding pairs. The ends of the two guide rods 1-13 extending into the guide mounting holes are provided with armature blocks; the end parts, far away from the movable V-shaped blocks 1-4, inside the two guide mounting holes are respectively fixed with an electromagnet 1-2. The electromagnet 1-2 is aligned with the armature block; when the electromagnet 1-2 is electrified, the armature block can be attracted to drive the movable V-shaped block 1-4 to slide towards the fixed V-shaped block 1-14, and the handle of the broach is clamped between the two V-shaped clamping grooves.
Return springs 1-15 are sleeved on the two guide rods 1-13. The two ends of the return spring 1-15 respectively prop against the opposite sides of the fixed V-shaped block 1-14 and the movable V-shaped block 1-4. The return spring 1-15 drives the movable V-shaped block 1-4 to be far away from the fixed V-shaped block 1-14 after the electromagnet 1-2 is powered off, so that the handle of the broach is loosened.
In the working process, the X-direction servo motor 1-10 drives the X-direction screw rod 1-12 to rotate and drives the X-direction bracket 1-8 to move along the X-direction guide rail 1-17, so as to drive the broach clamping assembly fixed in the T-shaped groove 1-16 to conduct X-direction fine adjustment. The Y-direction servo motor 1-6 drives the Y-direction screw rod 1-5 to rotate and drives the Y-direction bracket 1-3 to move along the Y-direction guide rail 1-18, so as to drive the broach clamping assembly fixed in the T-shaped groove 1-16 to conduct Y-direction fine adjustment.
As shown in FIG. 4, an X-direction servo motor 1-10 drives an X-direction screw rod 1-12 to rotate and drives an X-direction bracket 1-8 to move along an X-direction guide rail 1-17.
As shown in FIG. 5, the Y-direction servo motor 1-6 drives the Y-direction screw rod 1-5 to rotate and drives the Y-direction bracket 1-3 to move along the Y-direction guide rail 1-18.
The processing method for carrying out the error compensation by utilizing the broaching equipment comprises the following steps:
step one, clamping a broach 9 between a driving clamping fine adjustment device 1 and a driven clamping fine adjustment device 8; in the driving clamping fine tuning device 1 and the driven clamping fine tuning device 8, the electromagnet 1-2 is powered to drive the movable V-shaped block 1-4 to move along the guide rod 1-13, so that the handle of the end part of the broach 9 is positioned and clamped between the fixed V-shaped block 1-14 and the movable V-shaped block 1-4.
Step two, broaching the workpiece, and detecting the sizes of the broached parts on the workpiece in the X and Y directions by adopting the existing size detection device on the market after broaching; the position error and perpendicularity error of the broach 9 in the X and Y directions are obtained. The perpendicularity error and direction are determined according to the deviation amounts of two ends of the broached part of the workpiece.
And thirdly, synchronously adjusting the X-direction adjusting components of the driving clamping fine adjusting device 1 and the driven clamping fine adjusting device 8 and/or synchronously adjusting the Y-direction adjusting components of the driving clamping fine adjusting device 1 and the driven clamping fine adjusting device 8 according to the position errors in the X and Y directions, so that the two ends of the knife handle are driven to synchronously move, and the position errors in the X and Y directions are compensated.
The specific method for synchronously adjusting the upper end and the lower end of the broach to reduce the position error is as follows: the two X-direction servo motors 1-10 synchronously drive the X-direction screw rods 1-12 to rotate, and drive the X-direction dragging frame 1-8 to move along the X-direction guide rail 1-17, so as to drive the broach clamping assembly to conduct X-direction fine adjustment, and realize the position adjustment of the broach 9 in the X direction. The two Y-direction servo motors 1-6 synchronously drive the Y-direction screw rods 1-5 to rotate, and drive the Y-direction dragging frame 1-3 to move along the Y-direction guide rail 1-18, so as to drive the broach clamping assembly to conduct Y-direction fine adjustment, and realize the position adjustment of the broach 9 in the Y direction.
And step four, according to the perpendicularity errors of the X direction and the Y direction, the X direction adjusting component and the Y direction adjusting component of the driving clamping fine adjusting device 1 and the driven clamping fine adjusting device 8 are adjusted, so that the two ends of the broach move asynchronously, the perpendicularity of the broach is changed, the axis of the broach is overlapped with the vertical axis, and the broaching precision of the broach is improved.
The specific method for synchronously adjusting the upper end and the lower end of the broach to reduce the perpendicularity error comprises the following steps:
method 1: the lower end is unchanged, and the upper end is adjusted. The X-direction servo motor 1-10 of the active clamping fine adjustment device 1 drives the X-direction screw rod 1-12 to rotate and drives the X-direction bracket 1-8 to move along the X-direction guide rail 1-17, so as to drive the broach clamping component fixed in the T-shaped groove 1-16 to conduct X-direction fine adjustment, and the position adjustment of the broach 9 in the X direction is realized; the Y-direction servo motor 1-6 of the active clamping fine adjustment device 1 drives the Y-direction screw rod 1-5 to rotate and drives the Y-direction bracket 1-3 to move along the Y-direction guide rail 1-18, so as to drive the broach clamping component fixed in the T-shaped groove 1-16 to conduct Y-direction fine adjustment, and the position adjustment of the broach 9 in the Y direction is realized.
Method 2: the upper end is unchanged, and the lower end is adjusted. The method is similar to that described above.
Method 3: the upper and lower ends are simultaneously adjusted in proportion. The method is similar to that described above, but the directions of adjustment of the upper and lower ends are reversed.
Claims (5)
1. A broaching processing method with error compensation is characterized in that: the broaching equipment comprises a broaching module and a workbench; the workbench is used for clamping the workpiece; the broaching module comprises a mounting seat (3), a broaching machine guide rail (2), a broaching driving assembly, a driving clamping fine adjustment device (1) and a driven clamping fine adjustment device (8); the broaching machine guide rail (2) is fixed on the mounting seat (3); the driving clamping fine adjustment device (1) and the driven clamping fine adjustment device (8) have the same structure and comprise a slide carriage (1-1), a broach clamping assembly and a broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly; the slide carriage (1-1) is connected to the broaching machine guide rail (2) in a sliding way; the slide carriage (1-1) of the active clamping fine adjustment device (1) slides along the broaching machine guide rail (2) under the drive of the broaching driving component; the broach clamping assembly is arranged on the slide carriage (1-1) through a broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly; the broach clamping assembly is used for clamping the broach; the broaching tool bidirectional fine adjustment assembly is used for driving the broaching tool clamping assembly to move in two degrees of freedom in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the broaching machine guide rail (2); the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly comprises a Y-direction adjustment assembly and an X-direction adjustment assembly; the Y-direction adjusting component is arranged on the slide carriage (1-1); the X-direction adjusting component is arranged on the linear moving part of the Y-direction adjusting component; the broach clamping assembly is arranged on the linear moving part of the X-direction adjusting assembly; the X-direction adjusting component and the Y-direction adjusting component can respectively drive the corresponding linear moving parts to slide, and the sliding directions of the X-direction adjusting component and the Y-direction adjusting component are mutually perpendicular;
the Y-direction adjusting assembly comprises a Y-direction servo motor (1-6), a Y-direction screw rod (1-5), a Y-direction bearing seat (1-7), a Y-direction bracket (1-3) and a Y-direction guide rail (1-18); the Y-shaped guide rail (1-18) is fixed on the slide carriage (1-1); the Y-direction bracket (1-3) is connected to the Y-direction guide rail (1-18) in a sliding way; the Y-direction screw rod (1-5) is supported on the slide carriage (1-1) through a Y-direction bearing seat (1-7) and a bearing; screw holes on the Y-direction bracket (1-3) and the Y-direction screw rod (1-5) form a screw pair; the Y-direction servo motor (1-6) is fixed on the slide carriage (1-1), and an output shaft is fixed with one end of the Y-direction screw rod (1-5); the Y-direction bracket (1-3) is a linear moving part of the Y-direction adjusting component;
the X-direction adjusting component comprises an X-direction servo motor (1-10), an X-direction screw rod (1-12), an X-direction bearing seat (1-11), an X-direction bracket (1-8) and an X-direction guide rail (1-17); two X-direction guide rails (1-17) which are parallel to each other are fixed on a Y-direction bracket (1-3); the X-direction bracket (1-8) is connected to the two X-direction guide rails (1-17) in a sliding way; the X-direction screw rod (1-12) is supported on the Y-direction bracket (1-3) through an X-direction bearing seat (1-11) and a bearing; screw holes on the X-direction bracket (1-8) and the X-direction screw rod (1-12) form a screw pair; an X-direction servo motor (1-10) is fixed on a Y-direction bracket (1-3), and an output shaft is fixed with one end of an X-direction screw rod (1-12); the X-direction bracket (1-8) is a linear moving part of the X-direction adjusting component;
the broaching processing method with error compensation comprises the following steps:
step one, clamping tool shanks at two ends of a broach (9) on broach clamping assemblies of a driving clamping fine adjustment device (1) and a driven clamping fine adjustment device (8) respectively;
step two, the broaching driving assembly drives the broaching tool (9) to broach the workpiece; performing size detection on the broached part of the obtained workpiece, and reaching the position error and the perpendicularity error of the broach (9) in the broaching process;
step three, according to the position error, synchronously adjusting broach bidirectional fine adjustment components on the driving clamping fine adjustment device (1) and the driven clamping fine adjustment device (8) to enable two ends of the broach to synchronously move, adjusting the position of the broach (9), reducing the position error of the broach (9) and improving the dimensional accuracy of a broached part of a workpiece;
step four, according to the perpendicularity error, adjusting a broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly on the driving clamping fine adjustment device (1) and/or the driven clamping fine adjustment device (8) to enable one end of the broach to move or two ends of the broach to move in opposite directions, adjusting the posture of the broach (9), reducing the perpendicularity error of the broach (9), and improving the dimensional accuracy of a broached part of a workpiece;
and detecting the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece obtained by latest broaching every preset broaching time length or preset broaching times, and adjusting the positions of the driving clamping fine adjustment device (1) and the driven clamping fine adjustment device (8) to eliminate errors generated in the lasting broaching operation of the broaching tool (9).
2. The broaching process with error compensation according to claim 1, wherein: the broaching driving assembly comprises a broaching screw rod (4) and a broaching servo motor (7); one end of a broaching machine screw rod (4) is supported on the mounting seat (3); the broaching machine screw rod (4) is driven to rotate by a broaching servo motor (7); the nut fixed on the active clamping fine-tuning device (1) and the broaching machine screw rod (4) form a screw pair.
3. The broaching process with error compensation according to claim 1, wherein: the broaching machine guide rail (2) and the broaching machine lead screw (4) are vertically arranged; the driving clamping fine adjustment device (1) is positioned right above the driven clamping fine adjustment device (8).
4. The broaching process with error compensation according to claim 1, wherein: the broach clamping assembly comprises a fixed V-shaped block (1-14), a movable V-shaped block (1-4), an electromagnet (1-2), a guide rod (1-13) and a T-shaped groove (1-16); the fixed V-shaped blocks (1-14) are arranged on the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly and can adjust positions; the fixed V-shaped blocks (1-14) and the movable V-shaped blocks (1-4) are arranged on the broach bidirectional fine adjustment assembly in a mutually opposite way; v-shaped clamping grooves are formed in opposite side surfaces of the fixed V-shaped blocks (1-14) and the movable V-shaped blocks (1-4); guide mounting holes are formed in two sides of the fixed V-shaped blocks (1-14); one end of the two guide rods (1-13) is respectively fixed with two sides of the movable V-shaped block (1-4); the other ends of the two guide rods (1-13) respectively extend into two guide mounting holes of the fixed V-shaped blocks (1-14) and form sliding pairs; the ends of the two guide rods (1-13) extending into the guide mounting holes are provided with armature blocks; the end parts, far away from the movable V-shaped blocks (1-4), inside the two guide mounting holes are respectively fixed with an electromagnet (1-2); the electromagnet (1-2) is aligned with the armature block; when the electromagnet (1-2) is electrified, the armature block can be attracted to drive the movable V-shaped block (1-4) to slide towards the fixed V-shaped block (1-14).
5. The broaching process with error compensation according to claim 1, wherein: return springs (1-15) are sleeved on the two guide rods (1-13); the two ends of the return spring (1-15) respectively prop against the opposite side surfaces of the fixed V-shaped block (1-14) and the movable V-shaped block (1-4); the return spring (1-15) drives the movable V-shaped block (1-4) to be far away from the fixed V-shaped block (1-14) after the electromagnet (1-2) is powered off, so that the handle of the broach is loosened.
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| CN110899831A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-24 | 恒锋工具股份有限公司 | Broaching process method of small-modulus internal gear |
| CN115026346A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-09 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Spiral broaching equipment and spiral broaching method thereof |
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| DE10001758A1 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2001-07-19 | Forst Maschf Oswald | Broaching machine |
| CN201702446U (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-01-12 | 长沙博丰机械有限公司 | Numerically controlled internal spiral broaching machine |
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| CN115582577A (en) | 2023-01-10 |
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