CN115575403A - Method for automatically detecting defects of closed cylindrical part - Google Patents
Method for automatically detecting defects of closed cylindrical part Download PDFInfo
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- CN115575403A CN115575403A CN202211270432.5A CN202211270432A CN115575403A CN 115575403 A CN115575403 A CN 115575403A CN 202211270432 A CN202211270432 A CN 202211270432A CN 115575403 A CN115575403 A CN 115575403A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for automatically detecting defects of a closed cylindrical part, which adopts an automatic flaw detection system, wherein the automatic flaw detection system comprises a workbench (10), a slide rail (20), a sample seat (30), a penetration assembly (40), a cleaning assembly (50), a drying assembly (60), a developing assembly (70) and a detection assembly (80), and the method specifically comprises the following steps: a. placing parts; b. a penetrant spraying process; c. a cleaning agent spraying process; d. a drying process; e. a developer spraying process; f. and (5) a defect detection process. The method is suitable for the penetrant inspection of the inner wall of the closed cylindrical part, and can carry out automatic detection, thereby reducing the labor intensity and the labor productivity; meanwhile, the method can comprehensively and effectively detect the defects of the inner wall of the closed cylindrical part, has high detection precision and good accuracy, and can not cause the problems of detection failure or detection dead angles due to the non-uniformity of penetrant or developer and poor sagging property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of defect detection of cylindrical parts, in particular to a method for automatically detecting defects of a closed cylindrical part.
Background
The cylindrical part is easy to generate tensile cracks, scratches, pressure damage of pressed surfaces of impurities and the like in the forming process; under the working condition that the interior of the part bears high temperature and high pressure, the defects are easy to expand, so that the problems of part damage, even failure and the like are caused. Therefore, the prior art generally adopts a penetration inspection method to detect the defects of the cylindrical part.
Permeability inspection is an application technique derived from the industrial development process, and is a nondestructive inspection method for inspecting the surface defects of materials by using the capillary phenomenon. The penetration inspection itself is promoted to be used in a wide variety of fields due to its simple operability in the actual execution process. However, the inner wall of the cylindrical part, especially the inner wall of the cylindrical part with a small-caliber closing-in structure and a large length-diameter ratio, is difficult to operate in penetrant inspection and difficult to deeply detect by a conventional observation and measurement instrument; and the inlet of the closing-up cylindrical structure is an inclined shoulder part, a certain inclination exists between the inclined shoulder part and the straight cylindrical part, and the conventional spray head is adopted for spraying (such as penetrant spraying and developer spraying), so that the problems of sagging of a spraying material, uneven spraying thickness and spraying dead angles are easily caused, and the defects of low detection precision and incapability of comprehensively and effectively detecting the inner wall of the closing-up cylindrical part are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for automatically detecting defects of a closed cylindrical part, which is suitable for penetrant inspection of the inner wall of the closed cylindrical part and can carry out automatic detection, thereby reducing labor intensity and labor productivity; meanwhile, the method can comprehensively and effectively detect the defects of the inner wall of the closed cylindrical part.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for automatically detecting a defect in a necked-in cylindrical member, characterized by: an automatic flaw detection system is adopted, and the automatic flaw detection system comprises a workbench, a slide rail, a sample seat, a penetration assembly, a cleaning assembly, a drying assembly, a developing assembly and a detection assembly; the slide rails are fixedly arranged on two sides of the upper end surface of the workbench, the sample seat is arranged on the slide rails and is connected with the slide rails in a sliding manner; a detection assembly is fixedly arranged on the upper side of one end of the workbench, a developing assembly, a drying assembly, a cleaning assembly and a permeation assembly are sequentially arranged on the upper side of the workbench from close to far away from the detection assembly, and a through hole is respectively formed in the surface of the workbench corresponding to the developing assembly, the drying assembly, the cleaning assembly and the permeation assembly; a step hole for installing a closing-up cylindrical part is formed in the sample seat; the infiltration assembly comprises infiltration spray guns, a first movement mechanism, an infiltration guide rail and a first portal frame, the first portal frame is fixedly connected with the two sides of the workbench and the ground, the middle part of the first portal frame is fixedly provided with the infiltration guide rail corresponding to the through hole, the first movement mechanism is connected with the infiltration guide rail in a sliding way, and the lower end of the first movement mechanism is provided with a plurality of infiltration spray guns; the cleaning assembly comprises cleaning spray guns, a second movement mechanism, a cleaning guide rail and a second portal frame, the second portal frame is fixedly connected with the two sides of the workbench and the ground, the cleaning guide rail is fixedly arranged in the middle of the second portal frame and corresponds to the through hole, the second movement mechanism is in sliding connection with the cleaning guide rail, and a plurality of cleaning spray guns are arranged at the lower end of the second movement mechanism; the drying component comprises a drying fan and a third portal frame, the third portal frame is fixedly connected with two sides of the workbench and the ground, and the middle part of the third portal frame is fixedly provided with the drying fan corresponding to the through hole; the developing assembly comprises developing spray guns, a third moving mechanism, a developing guide rail and a fourth portal frame, the fourth portal frame is fixedly connected with the two sides of the workbench and the ground, the developing guide rail is fixedly arranged in the middle of the fourth portal frame and corresponds to the through hole, the third moving mechanism is in sliding connection with the developing guide rail, and the lower end of the third moving mechanism is provided with a plurality of developing spray guns;
the penetration spray gun, the cleaning spray gun and the imaging spray gun respectively comprise a nozzle, a positioning block, a sealing block and a spray pipe; the positioning block consists of a lower oblique cone section and a straight line section, the upper end of the straight line section is fixedly connected with corresponding motion mechanisms (namely a first motion mechanism, a second motion mechanism and a third motion mechanism), the sealing block is sleeved on the outer wall of the positioning block, and the straight line section of the positioning block is connected with the sealing block in a sliding manner; the nozzle is arranged at the lower end of the positioning block and comprises a first inclined spraying section and a second inclined spraying section, the first inclined spraying section is cylindrical, the outer wall of the first inclined spraying section is uniformly provided with a plurality of upwards inclined first inclined nozzles around the central axis of the first inclined spraying section, the second inclined spraying section is hemispherical, the outer wall of the second inclined spraying section is uniformly provided with a plurality of downwards inclined second inclined nozzles around the central axis of the second inclined spraying section, the first inclined spraying section is in threaded connection with the second inclined spraying section (the first inclined spraying section is not communicated with the second inclined spraying section), and the first inclined nozzles and the second inclined spraying sections are staggered and uniformly distributed (namely the second inclined spraying sections are positioned on the central line of the connecting lines of the two adjacent first inclined spraying openings, and the first inclined spraying openings are positioned on the central line of the connecting lines of the two adjacent second inclined spraying openings); the upper end of the nozzle (namely the upper end of the first inclined spraying section) is fixedly connected with a spray pipe, and the spray pipe penetrates through the positioning block; the nozzle, the positioning block, the sealing block and the spray pipe are coaxial.
The method for automatically detecting the inner wall of the closed cylindrical part comprises the following specific steps:
a. placing parts: in the initial position, the sample seat is positioned on one side of the infiltration assembly, which is far away from the cleaning assembly; firstly, respectively placing and fixing a closing-up cylindrical part to be detected in the step holes, and then starting a sample seat to slide on the slide rail;
b. and (3) penetrant spraying process: when the sample seat moves to the position right below the first portal frame, stopping the sample seat, starting the first movement mechanism to move downwards, and driving the permeation spray gun to move downwards by the first movement mechanism until the nozzles of the permeation spray gun respectively extend into the corresponding closing-up cylindrical parts and the lower ends of the sealing blocks of the permeation spray gun are contacted with the upper ends of the openings of the closing-up cylindrical parts; then starting a penetration spray gun to realize the process of penetrating and spraying while moving the first motion mechanism downwards until reaching a specified position, closing the penetration spray gun, and starting the first motion mechanism to move upwards to return to the initial position;
c. and (3) a cleaning agent spraying process: after finishing the spraying of the penetrating agent, keeping the sample base still for 1-2 min (enabling the penetrating agent to have enough time to permeate into the defect), then starting the sample base to move towards the direction close to the second portal frame, stopping the movement of the sample base and starting a second movement mechanism to move downwards when the sample base moves to the position right below the second portal frame, wherein the second movement mechanism drives a cleaning spray gun to move downwards until nozzles of the cleaning spray gun respectively extend into corresponding closing-up cylindrical parts and the lower end of a sealing block of the cleaning spray gun is contacted with the upper end of the opening part of the closing-up cylindrical part; then starting a cleaning spray gun to realize the process of cleaning and spraying while moving the second motion mechanism downwards until reaching the designated position, closing the cleaning spray gun, and starting the second motion mechanism to move upwards to the initial position;
d. and (3) drying: after the cleaning agent is sprayed, starting the sample seat to move towards the direction close to the third portal frame, and stopping the sample seat and starting the drying fan to operate when the sample seat moves to the position right below the third portal frame, so that the inner wall of the closed cylindrical part is dried;
e. and (3) developer spraying process: after drying is completed, starting the sample seat to move towards the direction close to the fourth portal frame, stopping the sample seat and starting the third movement mechanism to move downwards when the sample seat moves to the position right below the fourth portal frame, wherein the third movement mechanism drives the developing spray gun to move downwards until nozzles of the developing spray gun respectively extend into the corresponding closing-up cylindrical parts and the lower end of a sealing block of the developing spray gun is contacted with the upper end of the opening part of the closing-up cylindrical part; then starting a development spray gun to realize the development and spraying process of the third movement mechanism while moving downwards until reaching the designated position, closing the development spray gun, and starting the third movement mechanism to move upwards to return to the initial position;
f. and (3) defect detection process: after the developer spraying is finished, the sample seat is started to move towards the direction close to the detection assembly, when the sample seat moves to the position right below the detection assembly, the sample seat stops moving, and the detection assembly is started to detect the inner wall of the closed cylindrical part.
And d, further optimizing, wherein the drying temperature in the step d is 50-60 ℃, and the drying time is 1-3 min.
Because the inclined shoulder has a certain inclination compared with the straight cylinder section, if the existing one-way nozzle structure is adopted for spraying on the inclined shoulder section, the problems of uneven coating thickness and hanging coating material are difficult to solve simultaneously; for example, the first inclined nozzle is close to and perpendicular to the inclined shoulder due to the axis of the nozzle, the wall-hanging property of the sprayed coating material is good, and sagging is not easy to occur, but the first inclined nozzle is close to the inclined shoulder, the spraying distance is small, only small air pressure can be adopted, the sprayed coating material is concentrated, and the circumferential uniformity control of the coating is extremely difficult to realize; the second inclined nozzle is long in spraying distance, spraying materials are dispersed, uniformity control of the circumferential direction of the coating is easy to achieve, however, the included angle between the second inclined nozzle and the inclined shoulder is small, the wall-hanging property of the spraying coating materials is poor, and if large spraying air pressure is adopted, the defects of sagging and the like are difficult to avoid. This application adopts the integrated configuration of first oblique spout and the oblique spout of second spout circumference evenly distributed simultaneously, ensures the circumference homogeneity of coating (single spout spun coating material is uneven in thickness in cylinder inner wall circumference, just is big to the direction coating thickness of spout promptly, diminishes to both sides thickness gradually): this application makes the suitable width of the edge overlap joint of the spraying layer of two adjacent oblique spouts of second earlier, then, is located the spraying layer of the first oblique spout of spout in the middle of two oblique spouts of second and mends the spraying layer in above-mentioned edge overlap joint to guarantee the homogeneity of coating circumference.
For further optimization, the detection assembly comprises an endoscopic camera, a fourth motion mechanism, an endoscopic guide rail and a fifth gantry; the fifth gantry is fixedly connected with the two sides of the workbench and the ground, an endoscopic guide rail is fixedly arranged in the middle of the fifth gantry, the fourth motion mechanism is in sliding connection with the endoscopic guide rail, and a plurality of endoscopic cameras are arranged at the lower end of the fourth motion mechanism.
Preferably, the endoscopic camera head is capable of 360 ° rotation about its own axis.
Further optimization, the step f specifically comprises: when the sample seat moves to the position right below the detection assembly (namely the fifth gantry), stopping the movement of the sample seat, starting the fourth movement mechanism to move downwards, and performing a camera shooting process that the endoscopic camera moves downwards while rotating by taking the axis of the closed cylindrical part as the center of a circle after the endoscopic camera extends into the closed cylindrical part respectively; and after the preset position is reached, the fourth movement mechanism moves upwards, and simultaneously, the camera shooting process of the endoscopic camera which moves upwards and rotates while taking the axis of the closed-up cylindrical part as the center of a circle is carried out, and the camera shooting result is output.
Further optimized, the penetration inspection equipment also comprises a computer, an air supply device, a driving system and an air exhaust and liquid collection device; the computer is arranged on one side of the fifth gantry and is electrically connected with the endoscopic camera; the gas supply device is respectively communicated with the permeation spray gun, the cleaning spray gun and the developing spray gun and provides compressed gas for each spray gun; the driving system is respectively electrically connected with the sample seat, the first motion mechanism, the second motion mechanism, the third motion mechanism and the fourth motion mechanism and is used for controlling the motion coordination among the mechanisms; convulsions collection liquid device sets up workstation downside and communicate with each through-hole, the downthehole water conservancy diversion mouth that runs through the sample seat that sets up of step, through convulsions collection liquid device from binding off cylindric part bottom and through the water conservancy diversion mouth with the spray coating material (penetrant, cleaner, developer) siphon away and the storage that atomizes or drip.
Preferably, the air pressure provided by the air supply device is 0.1-0.5 MPa.
Preferably, the diameter of the diversion opening is larger than that of the bottom hole of the closing-up cylindrical part.
And further optimization is carried out, wherein the diameter of the first inclined nozzle is 1/3 of that of the second inclined nozzle.
Further optimization, the number of the first inclined nozzles is consistent with that of the second inclined nozzles, and the number of the first inclined nozzles is not less than 3. The number of the nozzles is determined according to the inner diameter of the closing-up cylindrical part, if the inner diameter of the closing-up cylindrical part is less than 10mm, the number of the first inclined nozzles and the number of the second inclined nozzles are 3, and the interval angle between the nozzles (namely the first inclined nozzles and the second inclined nozzles, the same below) is 60 degrees; if the inner diameter of the closing-up cylindrical part is 10-30 mm, the number of the first inclined nozzles and the second inclined nozzles is 4, and the interval angle between the nozzles is 45 degrees; if the inner diameter of the closing-up cylindrical part is larger than 30mm, the number of the first inclined nozzles and the second inclined nozzles is 5 or more, and the spacing angles among the nozzles are consistent.
And further optimizing, wherein the axial distance between the circle center of the first inclined nozzle and the circle center of the second inclined nozzle is 1/2-3/4 of the inner diameter of the closed cylindrical part.
Further optimizing, the angle of the inclined shoulder between the first inclined nozzle and the closing-in cylindrical part is 85-90 degrees; the angle of the second inclined nozzle orifice and the axis of the nozzle is 70 degrees +/-3 degrees.
The spraying pipe is further optimized, a partition plate is arranged in a section, higher than the positioning block, of the spraying pipe, the partition plate evenly divides the section of the spraying pipe into a first air inlet channel and a second air inlet channel, the first air inlet channel is communicated with the first inclined spraying section through a hose, and the second air inlet channel is communicated with the second inclined spraying section through a hose.
Preferably, the first air inlet channel and the hose between the first inclined spraying sections, the second air inlet channel and the hose between the second inclined spraying sections are communicated with a storage cavity arranged inside the movement mechanism (namely, the first movement mechanism, the second movement mechanism and the third movement mechanism), and the air pressure of the first air inlet channel or the second air inlet channel drives the spraying materials (namely, penetrant, cleaning agent and developer) in the storage cavity to move towards the first inclined spraying sections or the second inclined spraying sections, so that the spraying is carried out through the first inclined nozzle or the second inclined nozzle.
And further optimizing, a proportional valve baffle is arranged at the upper end of the partition plate, the air pressure ratio of the air entering the first air inlet channel and the second air inlet channel is adjusted through the proportional valve baffle, and then the air pressure ratio of the first inclined spraying section and the second inclined spraying section is adjusted.
The invention has the following technical effects:
according to the method, the nozzle, the positioning block, the sealing block and the spray pipe are matched in structure, and the nozzle structures of the first inclined spraying section and the second inclined spraying section are finely arranged, so that the problem that in the prior art, the uniformity of the thickness of the coating is controlled in a nozzle rotation mode or a part rotation mode is solved, and the problem that the thickness of the coating material at a joint is difficult to control is solved; meanwhile, the method solves the problems of difficult preparation, poor wall-hanging property and poor spraying uniformity of coatings (namely penetrant and developer) at the oblique shoulders of the closed cylindrical part, and realizes the consistency, good uniformity and good wall-hanging property of the thicknesses of the penetrant or developer coatings at the straight cylinder and the oblique shoulders, and the uniformity of the thickness of the coating (including the thickness of the oblique shoulder coating) reaches +/-5 mu m, thereby effectively avoiding the problems of poor detection precision and even detection dead angle caused by the non-uniform penetrant or developer and poor sagging property. The method realizes automatic, continuous and large-batch detection through the cooperation of the penetrant spraying process, the cleaning agent spraying process, the drying process, the developer spraying process and the defect detection process, has high degree of automation, can carry out detection continuously without stopping, effectively improves the working efficiency and saves the detection time; meanwhile, the method for detecting the defects of the closed cylindrical part has the advantages that other steps are automatic procedures except for the loading and unloading of the cylindrical part, manual operation is not needed, a large amount of labor productivity can be saved, and the production intensity is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an automated flaw detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample holder of an automated flaw detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a permeation spray gun, a cleaning spray gun or a developing spray gun of the automated flaw detection system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a nozzle of an automated flaw detection system in an embodiment of the present disclosure; wherein FIG. 4 (a) is a perspective view; fig. 4 (b) is a sectional view.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a nozzle spray process of an automated flaw detection system in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a nozzle of an automated flaw detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10, a workbench; 101. a through hole; 20. a slide rail; 30. a sample holder; 301. a stepped bore; 302. a flow guide port; 40. a permeation module; 41. a permeation spray gun; 411. a nozzle; 4111. a first inclined spraying section; 41110. a first inclined spout; 4112. a second inclined spraying section; 41120. a second inclined spout; 412. positioning blocks; 4121. a lower oblique cone section; 4122. a straight line segment; 413. a sealing block; 414. a nozzle; 4140. a proportional valve baffle; 4141. a partition panel; 4142. a first air intake passage; 4143. a second intake passage; 42. a first movement mechanism; 420. a storage chamber; 43. a permeable guide rail; 44. a first gantry; 50. cleaning the assembly; 51. cleaning the spray gun; 52. a second movement mechanism; 53. cleaning the guide rail; 54. a second gantry; 60. a drying assembly; 61. drying the fan; 62. a third portal frame; 70. a developing assembly; 71. a developing spray gun; 72. a third motion mechanism; 73. a development guide rail; 74. a fourth portal frame; 80. a detection component; 81. an endoscopic camera; 82. a fourth motion mechanism; 83. an endoscopic guide rail; 84. a fifth gantry frame; 90. closing up the cylindrical part; 91. a computer; 92. a gas supply device; 93. a drive system; 94. air draft liquid collecting device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a method for automatically detecting defects of a closed cylindrical part is characterized in that: an automatic flaw detection system is adopted, and comprises a workbench 10, a slide rail 20, a sample seat 30, a penetration assembly 40, a cleaning assembly 50, a drying assembly 60, a developing assembly 70 and a detection assembly 80; the slide rails 20 are fixedly arranged at two sides of the upper end surface of the workbench 10, the sample seat 30 is arranged on the slide rails 20, and the sample seat 30 is connected with the slide rails 20 in a sliding manner; a detection assembly 80 is fixedly arranged on the upper side of one end of the workbench 10, a developing assembly 70, a drying assembly 60, a cleaning assembly 50 and a penetration assembly 40 (shown in figure 1) are sequentially arranged on the upper side of the workbench 10 from the position close to the detection assembly 80 to the position far away from the detection assembly 80, and a through hole 101 (shown in figure 1) is respectively formed in the surface of the workbench 10 corresponding to the developing assembly 70, the drying assembly 60, the cleaning assembly 50 and the penetration assembly 40; a stepped hole 301 for mounting the closing-up cylindrical part 90 is formed in the sample holder 30; the infiltration assembly 40 comprises an infiltration spray gun 41, a first movement mechanism 42, an infiltration guide rail 43 and a first portal frame 44; a first portal frame 44 is fixedly connected with two sides of the workbench 10 and the ground, a penetration guide rail 43 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the first portal frame 44 and corresponding to the through hole 101, a first movement mechanism 42 is connected with the penetration guide rail 43 in a sliding manner, and a plurality of penetration spray guns 41 (shown in figure 1) are arranged at the lower end of the first movement mechanism 42; the cleaning assembly 50 comprises a cleaning spray gun 51, a second movement mechanism 52, a cleaning guide rail 53 and a second portal frame 54; a second portal frame 54 is fixedly connected with two sides of the workbench 10 and the ground, a cleaning guide rail 53 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the second portal frame 54 and corresponds to the through hole 101, a second moving mechanism 52 is slidably connected with the cleaning guide rail 53, and a plurality of cleaning spray guns 51 (shown in fig. 1) are arranged at the lower end of the second moving mechanism 52; the drying assembly 60 comprises a drying fan 61 and a third portal frame 62, the third portal frame 62 is fixedly connected with two sides of the workbench 10 and the ground, and the drying fan 62 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the third portal frame 62 and corresponds to the through hole 101 (as shown in fig. 1); the developing assembly 70 comprises a developing spray gun 71, a third movement mechanism 72, a developing guide rail 73 and a fourth portal frame 74; the fourth portal frame 74 is fixedly connected with the two sides of the workbench 10 and the ground, a developing guide rail 73 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the fourth portal frame 74 and corresponds to the through hole 101, the third moving mechanism 72 is slidably connected with the developing guide rail 73, and a plurality of developing spray guns 71 are arranged at the lower end of the third moving mechanism 72;
the penetration spray gun 41, the cleaning spray gun 51 and the development spray gun 71 respectively comprise a nozzle 411, a positioning block 412, a sealing block 413 and a spray pipe 414; the positioning block 412 is composed of a lower oblique cone section 4121 and a straight section 4122, the upper end of the straight section 4122 is fixedly connected with a corresponding movement mechanism (namely, the straight section 4122 on the permeation spray gun 41 is fixedly connected with the first movement mechanism 42, the straight section 4122 on the cleaning spray gun 51 is fixedly connected with the second movement mechanism 52, the straight section 4122 on the development spray gun 71 is fixedly connected with the third movement mechanism 72), the sealing block 413 is sleeved on the outer wall of the positioning block 412, and the straight section 4122 of the positioning block 412 is slidably connected with the sealing block 413; the nozzle 411 is arranged at the lower end of the positioning block 412 and comprises a first inclined spraying section 4111 and a second inclined spraying section 4112, the first inclined spraying section 4111 is cylindrical, the outer wall of the first inclined spraying section 4111 is uniformly distributed with a plurality of upward inclined first inclined spraying openings 41110 around the central axis of the first inclined spraying section, the second inclined spraying section 4112 is hemispherical, the outer wall of the second inclined spraying section is uniformly distributed with a plurality of downward inclined second inclined spraying openings 41120 around the central axis of the second inclined spraying section (as shown in fig. 4), the first inclined spraying section 4111 is in threaded connection with the second inclined spraying section 4112 (the first inclined spraying section 4111 is not communicated with the second inclined spraying section 4112), the first inclined spraying openings 41110 are in staggered and uniformly distributed with the second inclined spraying openings 41120 (that is the second inclined spraying openings 3220 is located on the central line of the connecting lines of the two adjacent first inclined spraying openings 41110, and the first inclined spraying openings 41110 is located on the central line of the connecting two adjacent second inclined spraying openings 41120, as shown in fig. 4; the diameter of the first inclined nozzle 41110 is 1/3 of the diameter of the second inclined nozzle 41120, the axial distance between the circle center of the first inclined nozzle 41110 and the circle center of the second inclined nozzle 41120 is 1/2-3/4 of the inner diameter of the closed-off cylindrical part 90, and the angle a between the first inclined nozzle 41110 and the closed-off cylindrical part 90 is 85-90 degrees (as shown in fig. 5, preferably 87 degrees); second angled jet 41120 is angled at an angle b of 70 ° ± 3 ° (preferably 70 °, as shown in fig. 5) from the axis of nozzle 411. The upper end of the nozzle 411 (i.e., the upper end of the first inclined spraying section 4111) is fixedly connected to the spraying pipe 414, and the spraying pipe 414 penetrates through the positioning block 412; the nozzle 411, the positioning block 412, the sealing block 413 and the nozzle 414 are coaxial. The number of the first inclined nozzles 41110 is the same as that of the second inclined nozzles 41120, and is not less than 3. The number of the nozzles (i.e. the first inclined nozzles 41110 and the second inclined nozzles 41120) is determined according to the inner diameter of the cylindrical part 90, and if the inner diameter of the cylindrical part 90 is less than 10mm, the number of the first inclined nozzles 41110 and the second inclined nozzles 41120 is 3, and the interval angle between the nozzles (i.e. the first inclined nozzles 41110 and the second inclined nozzles 41120, the same below) is 60 ° (as shown in fig. 4); if the inner diameter of the necking cylindrical part 90 is 10-30 mm, the number of the first inclined nozzles 41110 and the second inclined nozzles 41120 is 4, and the interval angle between the nozzles is 45 degrees; if the inner diameter of the necking cylindrical part 90 is more than 30mm, the number of the first inclined jet ports 41110 and the second inclined jet ports 41120 is 5 or more, and the spacing angles between the jet ports are consistent.
The detection assembly 80 comprises an endoscopic camera 81, a fourth motion mechanism 82, an endoscopic guide rail 83 and a fifth gantry 84; the fifth gantry 84 is fixedly connected with both sides of the workbench 10 and the ground, an endoscopic guide rail 83 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the fifth gantry 84, the fourth moving mechanism 82 is slidably connected with the endoscopic guide rail 83, a plurality of endoscopic cameras 81 are arranged at the lower end of the fourth moving mechanism 82, and the endoscopic cameras 81 can rotate 360 degrees around the axes of the endoscopic cameras.
The number of the endoscopic camera 81, the visualization spray gun 71, the cleaning spray gun 51 and the infiltration spray gun 41 corresponds to the number of the stepped holes 301 (as shown in fig. 1).
The penetrant flaw detection equipment further comprises a computer 91, an air supply device 92, a driving system 93 and an air draft and liquid collection device 94; the computer 91 is arranged at one side of the fifth gantry 84, and the computer 91 is electrically connected with the endoscopic camera 81; the gas supply device 92 is respectively communicated with the permeation spray gun 41, the cleaning spray gun 51 and the developing spray gun 71, and the gas supply device 92 supplies compressed gas to each spray gun; the driving system 93 is electrically connected to the sample holder 30, the first movement mechanism 42, the second movement mechanism 52, the third movement mechanism 72, and the fourth movement mechanism 82, respectively, for controlling the movement coordination among the mechanisms; the air draft liquid collecting device 94 is arranged on the lower side of the workbench 10 and communicated with the through holes 101, a flow guide port 302 penetrating through the sample seat 30 is arranged in the step hole 301, and atomized or dropped spraying materials (namely penetrant, cleaning agent and developer) are sucked away and stored from the bottom of the closing-up cylindrical part 90 through the air draft liquid collecting device 94 and through the flow guide port 302. The diameter of the diversion opening 302 is larger than the diameter of the bottom hole of the closing-up cylindrical part 90.
A partition plate 4141 is disposed inside a section of the spraying pipe 414 higher than the positioning block 412, and the partition plate 4141 divides the section of the spraying pipe 414 into a first air inlet channel 4142 and a second air inlet channel 4143 (as shown in fig. 6), the first air inlet channel 4142 is communicated with the first oblique-spraying section 4111 through a hose, and the second air inlet channel 4143 is communicated with the second oblique-spraying section 4112 through a hose.
The hoses between the first air inlet channel 4142 and the first inclined spraying section 4111 and the hoses between the second air inlet channel 4143 and the second inclined spraying section 4112 are communicated with the storage cavity 420 arranged inside the moving mechanism (i.e., the first moving mechanism 42, the second moving mechanism 52, and the third moving mechanism 72), and the air pressure of the first air inlet channel 4142 or the second air inlet channel 4143 drives the spraying material (i.e., penetrant, cleaning agent, and developer) in the storage cavity 420 to move towards the first inclined spraying section 4111 or the second inclined spraying section 4112, so as to be sprayed out through the first inclined spraying opening 41110 or the second inclined spraying opening 41120.
A proportional valve baffle 4140 is disposed at an upper end of the partition plate 4141, and a ratio of air pressures entering the first air inlet passage 4142 and the second air inlet passage 4143 is adjusted by the proportional valve baffle 4140, so as to adjust a ratio of air pressures of the first inclined jet section 4111 and the second inclined jet section 4112 (as shown in fig. 6).
The method for automatically detecting the inner wall of the closed cylindrical part comprises the following steps:
a. placing parts: in the initial position, the sample holder 30 is located on the side of the infiltration module 40 remote from the cleaning module 50 (as shown in fig. 1); firstly, respectively placing the closing-up cylindrical parts 90 to be detected into the stepped holes 301 and realizing fixation, and then controlling the sample holder 30 to slide on the slide rail 20 by starting the driving system 93;
b. and (3) penetrant spraying process: when the sample holder 30 moves to a position right below the first portal frame 44 (i.e. right above the through hole 101 corresponding to the first portal frame 44, the movement can be realized by arranging a limit sensor on the first portal frame 44, which is a conventional technique in the field and is not specifically discussed in the present application, the same applies below), the movement of the sample holder 30 is stopped, the first movement mechanism 42 is started to move downward, the first movement mechanism 42 drives the permeation spray gun 41 to move downward until the nozzles 411 of the permeation spray gun 41 respectively extend into the corresponding closing-up cylindrical parts 90 and the lower ends of the sealing blocks 413 of the permeation spray gun 41 contact the upper ends of the openings of the closing-up cylindrical parts 90; then starting the penetration spray gun 41 to realize the process of penetrating and spraying while the first movement mechanism 42 moves downwards until reaching the designated position, closing the penetration spray gun 41, and starting the first movement mechanism 42 to move upwards to the initial position;
c. and (3) cleaning agent spraying process: after finishing the spraying of the penetrant, keeping the penetrant still for 1-2 min (so that the penetrant can permeate into the defect for enough time), then starting the sample base 30 to move towards the direction close to the second portal frame 54, when the sample base 30 moves to the position right below the second portal frame 54 (namely, right above the through hole 101 corresponding to the second portal frame 54), stopping the movement of the sample base 30 and starting the second movement mechanism 52 to move downwards, and the second movement mechanism 52 drives the cleaning spray gun 51 to move downwards until the nozzles 411 of the cleaning spray gun 51 respectively extend into the corresponding closing-up cylindrical parts 90 and the lower ends of the sealing blocks 413 of the cleaning spray gun 51 are contacted with the upper ends of the openings of the closing-up cylindrical parts 90; then starting a cleaning spray gun 51 to realize the process of cleaning and spraying while moving down a second motion mechanism 52 until reaching a specified position, closing the cleaning spray gun 51, and starting the second motion mechanism 52 to move up to the initial position;
d. and (3) drying: after the cleaning agent spraying is finished, the sample base 30 is started to move towards the direction close to the third portal frame 62, and when the sample base 30 moves to the position right below the third portal frame 62 (namely, right above a through hole 101 corresponding to the third portal frame 62), the sample base 30 is stopped to move, and the drying fan 61 is started to operate, so that the inner wall of the closing-up cylindrical part 90 is dried; the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the drying time is 1-3 min;
e. and (3) developer spraying process: after drying is completed, the sample base 30 is started to move towards the direction close to the fourth portal frame 74, when the sample base 30 moves to the position right below the fourth portal frame 74 (namely, when the sample base is right above a through hole 101 corresponding to the fourth portal frame 74), the sample base 30 is stopped to move, the third moving mechanism 72 is started to move downwards, and the third moving mechanism 72 drives the developing spray gun 71 to move downwards until nozzles 411 of the developing spray gun 71 respectively extend into corresponding closing-up cylindrical parts 90 and the lower end of a sealing block 413 of the developing spray gun 71 is contacted with the upper end of the opening part of the closing-up cylindrical part 90; then starting the development spray gun 71 to realize the development and spraying process of the third movement mechanism 72 while moving downwards until reaching the designated position, closing the development spray gun 71, and starting the third movement mechanism 72 to move upwards to return to the initial position;
f. and (3) defect detection process: after the developer spraying is finished, the sample seat 30 is started to move towards the direction close to the detection assembly 80, when the sample seat 30 moves to the position right below the detection assembly 80 (namely, the fifth gantry 84), the movement of the sample seat 30 is stopped, the fourth movement mechanism 82 is started to move downwards, and the endoscopic camera 81 respectively extends into the closed-up cylindrical part 90 and then simultaneously performs the camera shooting process that the endoscopic camera 81 moves downwards and rotates while taking the axis of the closed-up cylindrical part 90 as the center of a circle; after reaching the designated position, the fourth movement mechanism 82 moves upward, and simultaneously, the endoscopic camera 81 performs an image pickup process of moving upward and rotating while taking the axis of the closed-end cylindrical part 90 as the center of a circle, and outputs the image pickup result, and the output structure is transmitted to the computer 91 for image defect judgment (judgment can be performed by image processing, or judgment can be performed by manual observation and measurement).
The starting modes of the penetration spray gun 41, the cleaning spray gun 51 and the developing spray gun 71 are as follows: first, the gas supply device 92 is started to supply compressed gas to the nozzle 414 of the spray gun (i.e., the permeation spray gun 41, the cleaning spray gun 51 or the developing spray gun 71), the compressed gas enters the first gas inlet channel 4142 and the second gas inlet channel 4143 through the partition plate 4141 and the proportional valve baffle 4140 respectively in a certain proportion, and then the spraying material (i.e., the penetrant, the cleaning agent or the developing agent) in the storage chamber 420 is compressed through the hose, so that the spraying material (i.e., the penetrant, the cleaning agent or the developing agent) enters the first inclined spraying section 4111 and the second inclined spraying section 4112 respectively and is sprayed out through the first inclined spraying port 41110 and the second inclined spraying port 41120, thereby realizing the functions of spraying the penetrant from the permeation spray gun 41, spraying the cleaning spray gun 51 and spraying the cleaning agent from the developing spray gun 71. The air pressure supplied by the air supply device 92 is 0.1 to 0.5MPa, which is determined by the inner diameter of the cylindrical part of the closing-in, and generally, the air pressure is reduced when the inner diameter is reduced.
In the steps b, c, d and e, the atomized and sprayed materials in the closing-up cylindrical part 90 are absorbed and stored by starting the air-extracting and liquid-collecting device 84 (namely, the air-extracting and liquid-collecting device 84 is started simultaneously in the penetrant spraying process, the cleaning agent spraying process, the drying process and the developer spraying process); the strength of air draft is obtained through experience and multiple tests, so that the spraying uniformity is prevented from being influenced by over-strong wind while the spraying material is prevented from drifting.
In the process of spraying the penetrant, the cleaning agent and the developer, the thicknesses of the penetrant layer and the developer layer and the cleaning degree of the cleaning agent can be adjusted by adjusting the up-and-down moving speed of the spray gun or the air pressure of compressed air in the spraying process (which is a conventional technology in the field and is not specifically discussed in this application).
During the detection process of the detection assembly 80, the quality of the captured image can be adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed and the downward movement speed of the endoscopic camera 81 (which is conventional in the art and not specifically discussed in this application).
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for automatically detecting a defect in a necked-down cylindrical member, comprising: an automatic flaw detection system is adopted, and comprises a workbench, a slide rail, a sample seat, a penetration assembly, a cleaning assembly, a drying assembly, a developing assembly and a detection assembly; the slide rails are fixedly arranged on two sides of the upper end surface of the workbench, the sample piece seats are arranged on the slide rails and are connected with the slide rails in a sliding manner; a detection assembly is fixedly arranged on the upper side of one end of the workbench, a developing assembly, a drying assembly, a cleaning assembly and a penetration assembly are sequentially arranged on the upper side of the workbench from the position close to the detection assembly to the position far away from the detection assembly, and through holes are respectively formed in the surface of the workbench corresponding to the developing assembly, the drying assembly, the cleaning assembly and the penetration assembly; a sample seat is provided with a step hole for mounting a closing-up cylindrical part; the penetration component comprises a penetration spray gun, a first movement mechanism, a penetration guide rail and a first portal frame, the cleaning component comprises a cleaning spray gun, a second movement mechanism, a cleaning guide rail and a second portal frame, the drying component comprises a drying fan and a third portal frame, the developing component comprises a developing spray gun, a third movement mechanism, a developing guide rail and a fourth portal frame, and the penetration spray gun, the cleaning spray gun and the developing spray gun respectively comprise a nozzle, a positioning block, a sealing block and a spray pipe;
the method for detecting the defects of the closed cylindrical part comprises the following steps of a, placing parts; b. a penetrant spraying process; c. a cleaning agent spraying process; d. a drying process; e. a developer spraying process; f. and (5) a defect detection process.
2. A method for automatically detecting a closing cylinder defect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first portal frame is fixedly connected with two sides of the workbench and the ground, a penetration guide rail is fixedly arranged in the middle of the first portal frame and corresponds to the through hole, the first movement mechanism is in sliding connection with the penetration guide rail, and a plurality of penetration spray guns are arranged at the lower end of the first movement mechanism; the second portal frame is fixedly connected with the two sides of the workbench and the ground, a cleaning guide rail is fixedly arranged in the middle of the second portal frame and corresponds to the through hole, the second movement mechanism is in sliding connection with the cleaning guide rail, and a plurality of cleaning spray guns are arranged at the lower end of the second movement mechanism; the third portal frame is fixedly connected with the two sides of the workbench and the ground, and a drying fan is fixedly arranged in the middle of the third portal frame and corresponds to the through hole; the fourth portal frame is fixedly connected with the two sides of the workbench and the ground, a developing guide rail is fixedly arranged in the middle of the fourth portal frame and corresponds to the through hole, the third movement mechanism is in sliding connection with the developing guide rail, and a plurality of developing spray guns are arranged at the lower end of the third movement mechanism;
the positioning block consists of a lower oblique cone section and a straight line section, the upper end of the straight line section is fixedly connected with the corresponding motion mechanism, the sealing block is sleeved on the outer wall of the positioning block, and the straight line section of the positioning block is connected with the sealing block in a sliding manner; the nozzle is arranged at the lower end of the positioning block and comprises a first inclined spraying section and a second inclined spraying section, the first inclined spraying section is cylindrical, a plurality of first inclined nozzles which are inclined upwards are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the first inclined spraying section around the central axis of the first inclined spraying section, the second inclined spraying section is hemispherical, a plurality of second inclined nozzles which are inclined downwards are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the second inclined spraying section around the central axis of the second inclined spraying section, the first inclined spraying section is in threaded connection with the second inclined spraying section, and the first inclined nozzles and the second inclined nozzles are uniformly distributed in a staggered manner; the upper end of the nozzle is fixedly connected with a spray pipe, and the spray pipe penetrates through the positioning block; the nozzle, the positioning block, the sealing block and the spray pipe are coaxial;
the specific method comprises the following steps:
a. placing parts: the sample seat is positioned on one side of the permeation assembly, which is far away from the cleaning assembly, in the initial position; firstly, respectively placing a closing-up cylindrical part to be detected into the step holes and realizing fixation, and then starting the sample seat to slide on the slide rail;
b. and (3) penetrant spraying process: when the sample seat moves to the position right below the first portal frame, stopping the sample seat from moving, and starting the first movement mechanism to drive the permeation spray gun to move downwards until the nozzles of the permeation spray gun respectively extend into the corresponding closing-up cylindrical parts and the lower end of the sealing block of the permeation spray gun is contacted with the upper end of the opening part of the closing-up cylindrical part; then starting the permeation spray gun until reaching the designated position, closing the permeation spray gun, and starting the first movement mechanism to move back to the initial position;
c. and (3) cleaning agent spraying process: after finishing the spraying of the penetrant, keeping the penetrant still for 1-2 min, then starting the sample seat to move towards the direction close to the second portal frame, stopping the sample seat from moving and starting a second movement mechanism to drive the cleaning spray gun to move downwards when the sample seat moves to the position right below the second portal frame until nozzles of the cleaning spray gun respectively extend into the corresponding closing-up cylindrical parts and the lower end of a sealing block of the cleaning spray gun is contacted with the upper end of the opening part of the closing-up cylindrical part; then starting a cleaning spray gun until reaching a specified position, closing the cleaning spray gun, and starting a second movement mechanism to move back to the initial position;
d. and (3) drying: after the cleaning agent spraying is finished, starting the sample seat to move towards the direction close to the third portal frame, and stopping the sample seat and starting the drying fan to operate when the sample seat moves to the position right below the third portal frame;
e. and (3) developer spraying process: after drying is completed, starting the sample seat to move towards the direction close to the fourth portal frame, stopping the sample seat from moving and starting the third movement mechanism to drive the developing spray gun to move downwards when the sample seat moves to the position right below the fourth portal frame until nozzles of the developing spray gun respectively extend into the corresponding closing-up cylindrical parts and the lower end of a sealing block of the developing spray gun is contacted with the upper end of the opening part of the closing-up cylindrical part; then starting the development spray gun until reaching the designated position, closing the development spray gun, and starting the third movement mechanism to move back to the initial position;
f. and (3) defect detection process: after the developer spraying is finished, the sample seat is started to move towards the direction close to the detection assembly, when the sample seat moves to the position right below the detection assembly, the sample seat stops moving, and the detection assembly is started to detect the inner wall of the closed cylindrical part.
3. A method for automatically detecting a closing cylinder defect according to claim 2, characterized in that: the drying temperature in the step d is 50-60 ℃, and the drying time is 1-3 min.
4. A method for automatically detecting a closing cylinder defect according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the detection assembly comprises an endoscopic camera, a fourth movement mechanism, an endoscopic guide rail and a fifth gantry; the fifth gantry is fixedly connected with the two sides of the workbench and the ground, an endoscopic guide rail is fixedly arranged in the middle of the fifth gantry, the fourth motion mechanism is in sliding connection with the endoscopic guide rail, and a plurality of endoscopic cameras are arranged at the lower end of the fourth motion mechanism.
5. A method for automatically detecting defects in a necked cylinder according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein: the step f is specifically as follows: when the sample seat moves to the position right below the detection assembly, the movement of the sample seat is stopped, the fourth movement mechanism is started to move downwards, and the endoscopic camera respectively extends into the closed-up cylindrical part and then simultaneously performs an endoscopic camera shooting process in which the endoscopic camera moves downwards and rotates by taking the axis of the closed-up cylindrical part as the center of a circle; after the preset position is reached, the fourth movement mechanism moves upwards, and simultaneously, the camera shooting process of the endoscopic camera head moving upwards and rotating is carried out by taking the axis of the closed cylindrical part as the center of a circle, and the camera shooting result is output.
6. A method for automatically detecting a closing cylinder defect according to claim 5, characterized in that: the penetrant inspection equipment also comprises a computer, an air supply device, a driving system and an air extracting and liquid collecting device; the computer is arranged on one side of the fifth gantry and is electrically connected with the endoscopic camera; the gas supply device is respectively communicated with the permeation spray gun, the cleaning spray gun and the developing spray gun; the driving system is electrically connected with the sample piece seat, the first movement mechanism, the second movement mechanism, the third movement mechanism and the fourth movement mechanism respectively; the air draft and liquid collection device is arranged on the lower side of the workbench and communicated with the through holes, and a flow guide port penetrating through the sample seat is arranged in the step hole.
7. A method for automatically detecting a closing cylinder defect according to claim 2, characterized in that: the angle between the first inclined nozzle and the inclined shoulder of the closing-up cylindrical part is 85-90 degrees; the second angled jet is at an angle of 70 ° ± 3 ° to the nozzle axis.
8. A method for automatically detecting a closing cylinder defect according to claim 2, characterized in that: the spray pipe is higher than one section of inside partition panel and the partition panel that sets up of locating piece and evenly divide into first inlet channel and second inlet channel with this section spray pipe, and first inlet channel passes through the hose intercommunication with first oblique section of spouting, and second inlet channel passes through the hose intercommunication with second oblique section of spouting.
9. The penetrant inspection apparatus for a closed cylindrical member according to claim 8, wherein: a proportional valve baffle is arranged at the upper end of the partition plate.
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| CN115575403B (en) | 2023-04-11 |
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