CN115566435B - PIN diode-based transmission-reflection reconfigurable polarization conversion super-surface - Google Patents
PIN diode-based transmission-reflection reconfigurable polarization conversion super-surface Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
Abstract
The application provides a PIN diode-based transmission-reflection reconfigurable polarization conversion super-surface, which comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate from bottom to bottom; the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate and the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate are respectively provided with a plurality of first metal grid bars and a plurality of second metal grid bars which are mutually perpendicular; the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of split ring units which are arrayed according to a rectangular array, each split ring unit comprises a first arc metal patch and a second arc metal patch, PIN diodes used for connecting the first arc metal patch and the second arc metal patch, and two feeder lines used for feeding the first arc metal patch and the second arc metal patch, and the two feeder lines are respectively connected with second metal grid bars at different positions through metal columns. The super-surface realizes the dynamic regulation and control of the polarization conversion transmission amplitude of the electromagnetic wave, namely the switching of the electromagnetic wave space propagation mode. Meanwhile, the device has the advantages of wider working bandwidth, good oblique incidence performance, low manufacturing cost, easiness in control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic wave regulation and control, in particular to a transmission-reflection reconfigurable polarization conversion super-surface based on a PIN diode.
Background
Polarization is one of the important characteristics of electromagnetic waves. In daily applications, polarization of electromagnetic waves has important applications in imaging and communication. For example, in the communication technology, polarization of electromagnetic waves can be used as a signal carrier, so that electromagnetic environment noise is remarkably reduced, and communication efficiency is improved. In the traditional method, the regulation and control of electromagnetic wave polarization mostly uses natural materials such as crystals, gratings and the like which are large in volume, low in efficiency and limited in working bandwidth, and not only can the selectable materials be limited, but also the regulation and control of electromagnetic wave polarization is not easy to integrate into electronic devices such as communication, imaging and the like. The super surface is used as a novel planar electromagnetic artificial material, can flexibly regulate and control electromagnetic waves under the sub-wavelength scale, and has the advantages of low profile, high efficiency, low cost and the like. Most of the polarization conversion supersurfaces reported at present are passive supersurfaces, have the characteristics of single polarization conversion function and non-tunability, and work in a single transmission or reflection working mode. Such as: in the paper document "broadband folded transmission line antenna based on ultra-thin transmission polarizer [ J ]. IEEE antenna and propagation theory, 2018, 66 (11) "discloses a transmissive supersurface which achieves the effect of converting incident waves into high efficiency cross polarized waves for exit while being easily found, but which can only operate in a static mode, i.e., the electromagnetic function of the sample cannot be changed once it is shaped.
Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, it is needed to realize a polarization conversion super-surface with transmission-reflection reconfigurability, and expand the working bandwidth, the diversity of electromagnetic wave propagation modes and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a PIN diode based transmissive-reflective reconfigurable polarization conversion subsurface.
The invention aims at realizing the technical scheme, which comprises a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate which are arranged from bottom to bottom;
a plurality of first metal grid bars are arranged on the upper surface of the first medium substrate at equal intervals, a plurality of second metal grid bars are arranged on the lower surface of the second medium substrate at equal intervals, and the first metal grid bars are mutually perpendicular to the second metal grid bars;
the upper surface of the second medium substrate is provided with a plurality of split ring units, and the split ring units are distributed according to a rectangular array;
the split ring unit comprises a first arc-shaped metal patch, a second arc-shaped metal patch, a PIN diode used for connecting the first arc-shaped metal patch and the second arc-shaped metal patch, and two feeder lines used for feeding the first arc-shaped metal patch and the second arc-shaped metal patch, wherein the two feeder lines are respectively connected with second metal grid bars at different positions through metal columns.
Further, the first arc-shaped metal patch and the second arc-shaped metal patch are obtained by cutting a circular patch through a first through groove and a second through groove which are arranged in a mutually perpendicular mode, and the central axes of the first through groove and the second through groove are all round through the circular patch;
the PIN diode is arranged in the second through groove, and the anode and the cathode of the PIN diode are respectively connected with the first arc-shaped metal patch and the second arc-shaped metal patch.
Further, two feeder lines are respectively connected with one end of one metal column, the other ends of the two metal columns are respectively connected with second metal grid bars at different positions, and the two second metal grid bars are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the bias power supply;
the switching of the off and on states of the PIN diode is realized by controlling the bias power supply.
Further, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are square;
the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are separated by an air layer.
Further, the number of split ring units is 100, and 100 split ring units are arranged in a rectangular array of 10x 10.
Further, the widths w of the first metal grid bars and the second metal grid bars 1 Are all 0.35mm, and the spacing w between adjacent first metal grid bars and between adjacent second metal grid bars 2 Are all 0.35mm;
thickness h of the first dielectric substrate 3 Is 1mm, the thickness h of the second dielectric substrate 1 An air layer thickness h between the first and second dielectric substrates of 3mm 2 The length p of the first medium substrate and the second medium substrate is 15.4mm, and the materials of the first medium substrate and the second medium substrate are F4B;
width g of the first through groove 1 The width g of the second through groove is 0.2mm 2 Is 0.2mm；
The outer radius r of the first arc-shaped metal patch and the second arc-shaped metal patch 1 The inner radius r of the first arc-shaped metal patch and the second arc-shaped metal patch is 1.6mm.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the super surface can realize the switching of two working modes of electromagnetic wave transmission and reflection under the control of simple bias voltage, and realizes the tuning of the polarization and propagation modes of electromagnetic waves.
2. The super-surface realizes the dynamic regulation and control of the polarization conversion transmission amplitude of the electromagnetic wave, namely the switching of the electromagnetic wave space propagation mode.
3. The super surface of the application also has the advantages of wider working bandwidth, good oblique incidence performance, low manufacturing cost, easiness in control and the like, and can be applied to the aspects of active space filters, radomes and intelligent skin.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.
Drawings
The drawings of the present invention are described below.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a reconfigurable polarization conversion subsurface of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a reconfigurable polarization conversion supersurface first dielectric substrate according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a bottom view of a reconfigurable polarization conversion subsurface second dielectric substrate of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of a reconfigurable polarization conversion supersurface second dielectric substrate according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view of a reconfigurable polarization conversion metasurface split ring unit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a reconfigurable polarization conversion metasurface split ring unit of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an amplitude plot of the transmission and reflection coefficients of a reconfigurable polarization conversion subsurface of the present invention for an X-polarized incident wave (in the-Z direction) at diode cut-Off ("Off").
FIG. 8 is an amplitude plot of the transmission and reflection coefficients of a reconfigurable polarization conversion subsurface of the present invention for an X-polarized incident wave (in the-Z direction) when the diode is On ("On").
FIG. 9 is a graph of the rotation angle and ellipticity of the polarization of a reconfigurable polarization conversion subsurface of the present invention at the X-polarized incident wave (in the-Z direction) when the diode is Off ("Off").
FIG. 10 shows the reconfigurable polarization conversion subsurface t at the on/off time of the diode according to the present invention yx Is a oblique incidence condition of (2).
In the figure: 1-a first dielectric substrate; 2-a second dielectric substrate; 3-a first metal grid; 4-second metal bars; 5-a first arcuate metal patch; 6-a second arcuate metal patch; 7-PIN diode; 8-feeder lines; 9-metal columns; 10-a first through groove; 11-a second through slot; 12-bias power supply.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present invention will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
A PIN diode-based transmission-reflection reconfigurable polarization conversion super-surface as shown in fig. 1-6, characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate 1, a second dielectric substrate 2 arranged from bottom to bottom;
a plurality of first metal grid bars 3 are arranged on the upper surface of the first medium substrate 1 at equal intervals, a plurality of second metal grid bars 4 are arranged on the lower surface of the second medium substrate 2 at equal intervals, and the plurality of first metal grid bars 3 are mutually perpendicular to the plurality of second metal grid bars 4;
the upper surface of the second medium substrate 2 is provided with a plurality of split ring units, and the split ring units are distributed according to a rectangular array;
the split ring unit comprises a first arc-shaped metal patch 5, a second arc-shaped metal patch 6, a PIN diode 7 used for connecting the first arc-shaped metal patch 5 with the second arc-shaped metal patch 6, and two feeder lines 8 used for feeding the first arc-shaped metal patch 5 and the second arc-shaped metal patch 6, wherein the two feeder lines 8 are respectively connected with the second metal grid bars 4 at different positions through metal columns 9.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 are square; the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 2 are separated by an air layer. The number of the split ring units is 100, and 100 split ring units are arranged in a rectangular array of 10x 10.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the first arc-shaped metal patch 5 and the second arc-shaped metal patch 6 are obtained by cutting a circular patch through a first through slot 10 and a second through slot 11 which are arranged perpendicular to each other, and central axes of the first through slot 10 and the second through slot 11 pass through the circular shape of the circular patch;
the PIN diode 7 is arranged in the second through groove 11, and the anode and the cathode of the PIN diode 7 are respectively connected with the first arc-shaped metal patch 5 and the second arc-shaped metal patch 6.
In the present example, the PIN diode 7 is model MADP-000907-14020x. As shown in fig. 5, 6, when the diode is Off ("Off"), a resistance equivalent to 5.2ohm, an inductance of 0.15nH, a capacitance of 0.025pF are connected in series; when the diode is On ("On"), an inductance equivalent to a resistance of 5.2 ohms, 0.15nH, is connected in series.
As an embodiment of the invention, two feeder lines 8 are respectively connected with one end of one metal column 9, the other end of the two metal columns 9 is respectively connected with second metal grid bars 4 at different positions, and the two second metal grid bars 4 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a bias power supply positive electrode and a bias power supply negative electrode 12;
the switching of the off and on states of the PIN diode 7 is achieved by controlling the bias power supply 12.
In the present example, as shown in fig. 5, 6, when the PIN diode 7 is in the Off ("Off") state: the first arc-shaped metal patch 5 and the second arc-shaped metal patch 6 are symmetrical about x= -45 °, and the super surface is in the first working mode, namely asymmetric cross polarization transmission: when the X polarized wave is incident along the-Z direction, the X polarized wave can smoothly pass through the first medium substrate 1 (the first metal grid 3 passes through electromagnetic waves with polarization mutually perpendicular to the first metal grid, and reflects electromagnetic waves with polarization mutually parallel to the first metal grid), and is converted into Y polarized wave through the upper surface (an active surface layer formed by a plurality of split ring units) of the second medium substrate 2, so that the Y polarized wave can smoothly pass through the second metal grid 4 on the lower surface of the second medium substrate 2; when the Y polarized wave is incident along the +Z direction, the Y polarized wave can smoothly pass through the second metal grid bars 4 on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 2, and is converted into the X polarized wave through the active surface layer, so that the Y polarized wave smoothly passes through the first metal grid bars 3 on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, when the diode is in the On ("On") state: the first arc-shaped metal patch 5 and the second arc-shaped metal patch 6 are equivalent to a circular patch with slits along the negative direction X, and are symmetrical about x=0°. At this time, the invention is in a second mode of operation, namely symmetric co-polarized reflection: when the X polarized wave is incident along the-Z direction and smoothly passes through the first metal grid bars 3 on the upper surface of the first medium substrate 1, the active surface layer does not have polarization conversion capability, and when the X polarized wave is reflected by the second metal grid bars 4 on the lower surface of the second medium substrate 2, the co-polarized reflection is realized; when the Y polarized wave is incident along the +Z direction, the Y polarized wave smoothly passes through the second metal grid bars 4 on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 2 and is reflected by the first metal grid bars 3 on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, so that co-polarized reflection is realized.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the super surface size is initialized: the widths w of the first metal grid bars 3 and the second metal grid bars 4 1 Are all 0.35mm, and the spacing w between the adjacent first metal grid bars 3 and between the adjacent second metal grid bars 4 2 Are all 0.35mm;
thickness h of the first dielectric substrate 1 3 A thickness h of the second dielectric substrate 2 of 2mm 1 An air layer thickness h between the first medium substrate 1 and the second medium substrate 2 of 2mm 2 The length p of the first medium substrate 1 and the second medium substrate 2 is 15.4mm, and the materials of the first medium substrate 1 and the second medium substrate 2 are F4B;
width g of the first through groove 10 1 The width g of the second through groove 11 is 0.1mm 2 0.1mm;
the outer radius r of the first arc-shaped metal patch 5 and the second arc-shaped metal patch 6 1 The inner radius r of the first arc-shaped metal patch 5 and the second arc-shaped metal patch 6 are both 7.3mm, and the inner radius r of the first arc-shaped metal patch 5 and the second arc-shaped metal patch 6 are both 2mm.
After the above initial design is completed, simulation analysis is performed by using CST microwave studio software, and parameters are obtained after simulation optimization as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 optimal size table for each parameter of the present invention
Simulation analysis is carried out according to the optimal parameters, simulation and test results are shown in fig. 7-10, and the results are specifically analyzed as follows:
as shown in fig. 7, the diode is Off ("Off"), the supersurface is in an asymmetric cross-polarized transmission mode of operation, t yx The cross polarization transmission effect is better at the working bandwidth of 40% when the frequency is more than 0.9 in the range of 4.8GHz to 7.2 GHz; as shown in fig. 9, the good effect of polarization conversion can also be illustrated from the cases of the polarization rotation angle and ellipticity.
As shown in fig. 8, the diode is turned On ("On"), the super surface is in a symmetrical co-polarized reflective mode of operation, t yx Is basically 0.2 or below at 4.8 GHz-7.2 GHz, r xx At this time, the reflection effect of co-polarization is better when the reflection is more than 0.9.
In FIGS. 7 and 8, t ij An amplitude curve representing the incidence of the j polarized wave and the transmission of the i polarized wave; r is (r) ij The amplitude curve of the reflection of the j polarized wave is shown.
As shown in fig. 10, the present reconfigurable polarization conversion subsurface unit exhibits good stability to oblique incidence conditions in both modes of operation.
In summary, the proposed transmission-reflection reconfigurable polarization conversion super-surface can realize switching of two working modes under the control of simple bias voltage, and tuning of polarization and propagation modes of electromagnetic waves. Through simulation, the reconfigurable polarization conversion super-surface unit realizes that the switchable transmission amplitude is 0.9-0.2, and simultaneously shows better stability for oblique incidence.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A transmission-reflection reconfigurable polarization conversion super surface based on a PIN diode, which is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate (1) and a second dielectric substrate (2) which are arranged from bottom to bottom;
a plurality of first metal grid bars (3) are arranged on the upper surface of the first medium substrate (1) at equal intervals, a plurality of second metal grid bars (4) are arranged on the lower surface of the second medium substrate (2) at equal intervals, and the plurality of first metal grid bars (3) are mutually perpendicular to the plurality of second metal grid bars (4);
the upper surface of the second medium substrate (2) is provided with a plurality of split ring units, and the split ring units are distributed according to a rectangular array;
the split ring units comprise a first arc-shaped metal patch (5), a second arc-shaped metal patch (6), a PIN diode (7) used for connecting the first arc-shaped metal patch (5) and the second arc-shaped metal patch (6), and two feeder lines (8) used for feeding the first arc-shaped metal patch (5) and the second arc-shaped metal patch (6), wherein the two feeder lines (8) are respectively connected with second metal grid bars (4) at different positions through metal columns (9);
the two feeder lines (8) are respectively connected with one end of one metal column (9), the other ends of the two metal columns (9) are respectively connected with second metal grid bars (4) at different positions, and the two second metal grid bars (4) are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a bias power supply (12);
the switching of the off and on states of the PIN diode (7) is realized by controlling the bias power supply (12).
2. A PIN diode-based transmission-reflection reconfigurable polarization conversion super-surface according to claim 1, wherein the first arc-shaped metal patch (5) and the second arc-shaped metal patch (6) are obtained by cutting a circular patch through a first through groove (10) and a second through groove (11) which are arranged in a mutually perpendicular manner, and central axes of the first through groove (10) and the second through groove (11) are all through the circle center of the circular patch;
the PIN diode (7) is arranged in the second through groove (11), and the anode and the cathode of the PIN diode (7) are respectively connected with the first arc-shaped metal patch (5) and the second arc-shaped metal patch (6).
3. A PIN diode based transmissive-reflective reconfigurable polarization conversion super surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the first dielectric substrate (1) and the second dielectric substrate (2) are both square;
the first dielectric substrate (1) and the second dielectric substrate (2) are separated by an air layer.
4. A PIN diode based transmissive-reflective reconfigurable polarization conversion metasurface according to claim 1, wherein the number of split ring cells is 100, the 100 split ring cells being arranged in a 10x10 rectangular array.
5. A PIN diode based transmissive-reflective reconfigurable polarization conversion metasurface as claimed in any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the widths w of the first metal grid (3) and the second metal grid (4) 1 Are all 0.35mm, and the spacing w between the adjacent first metal grid bars (3) and between the adjacent second metal grid bars (4) 2 Are all 0.35mm;
thickness h of the first dielectric substrate (1) 3 Is 1mm, the thickness h of the second dielectric substrate (2) 1 An air layer thickness h between the first medium substrate (1) and the second medium substrate (2) of 3mm 2 The length p of the first medium substrate (1) and the second medium substrate (2) is 15.4mm, and the materials of the first medium substrate (1) and the second medium substrate (2) are F4B;
the width g of the first through groove (10) 1 Is 0.2mm, the width g of the second through groove (11) 2 0.2mm;
the outer radius r of the first arc-shaped metal patch (5) and the second arc-shaped metal patch (6) 1 The inner radius r of the first arc-shaped metal patch (5) and the second arc-shaped metal patch (6) is 1.6mm.
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