CN115566423A

CN115566423A - Antenna structure, base station antenna and base station

Info

Publication number: CN115566423A
Application number: CN202110750473.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 万振兴; 肖兴慰; 杜子静; 肖伟宏
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-02
Filing date: 2021-07-02
Publication date: 2023-01-03
Also published as: WO2023274173A1

Abstract

The application provides an antenna structure, a base station antenna and a base station. The antenna structure comprises a radiation unit, wherein the radiation unit comprises a radiation arm, the radiation arm comprises a radiation body and a first decoupling piece, and the radiation body and the first decoupling piece are adjacently arranged along the extending direction of the radiation arm to form the radiation arm. When the structure is adopted, the antenna structure can be used as a low-frequency radiation unit in a base station antenna, the first decoupling piece is arranged to load an inductor for the radiation arm, the first decoupling piece is in a high-frequency section, the induced current generated by the first decoupling piece is small, the overall radiation energy of the radiation arm is small, and then the antenna structure is used as a low-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, the influence of the antenna structure on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna is small, and the decoupling of the high-frequency radiation unit is realized.

Description

Antenna structure, base station antenna and base station

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna structure, a base station antenna and a base station.

Background

In a mobile communication system, the antenna radiation performance directly determines the communication quality, and the antenna radiation performance can be measured by an antenna pattern. The indexes of the antenna directional diagram mainly include gain, side lobe, cross polarization ratio and the like. The gain represents the energy concentration degree of the antenna, and the higher the gain, the more concentrated the energy of the antenna and the longer the radiation distance; the side lobe refers to lobes except a main lobe where the maximum radiation direction is located in an antenna directional diagram, and the larger the side lobe is, the more energy is wasted, so the smaller the side lobe is, the better the side lobe is; the cross polarization ratio refers to the difference of received energy between two orthogonally polarized antennas, and the larger the cross polarization ratio, the higher the diversity gain, and the better the communication quality.

The frequency bands of the current communication system are more and more, the frequency bands which need to be covered by the antenna are more and more, and meanwhile, the size of the antenna is smaller and smaller, which requires the size of the antenna to be small. Under the condition of limited size, the antennas in different frequency bands in the multi-frequency antenna are seriously coupled with each other, the performance of the antennas in different frequency bands is influenced, and an antenna directional diagram shows obvious deterioration. For example, high and low frequency units of the multi-frequency antenna coexist in the array, and the size of the radiation surface of the low frequency unit is usually more than twice of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the high frequency unit, so that the radiation surface of the low frequency unit forms a strong scattered field in the high frequency field when the high frequency unit works, the scattered field is superposed with the radiation field of the high frequency unit, the radiation performance of the high frequency unit is affected, and correspondingly, the high frequency directional diagram is deteriorated.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides an antenna structure, a base station antenna and a base station, which are used for reducing the influence of a low-frequency radiating unit in the base station antenna on the performance of a high-frequency radiating unit.

In a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna structure, including a radiation unit, the radiation unit includes a radiation arm, the radiation arm includes a radiation body and a first decoupling zero, and the radiation body and the first decoupling zero are adjacently disposed along an extending direction of the radiation arm to form the radiation arm.

The technical scheme that this application provided, antenna structure self can regard as the low frequency radiating element in the base station antenna, the setting of first decoupling zero piece is equivalent to for radiating arm loading inductance, first decoupling zero piece presents the high resistance state in the high-frequency band, the induced current that first decoupling zero piece produced is less, the holistic radiant energy of radiating arm is less, antenna structure is as the low frequency radiating element in the base station antenna, its influence to the high frequency radiating element performance in the base station antenna is less, the realization is decoupled to the high frequency radiating element, and, the bandwidth broad of decoupling zero. In addition, the radiation arm adopts the structural style of the combination of the radiation body and the first decoupling piece, the overall size of the radiation arm is larger, and the gain of the low-frequency radiation unit is higher.

In a particular possible embodiment, the first decoupling member comprises an inductance. The inductor is in a high-impedance state in a high-frequency band, and the generated induced current is small, so that the overall radiation energy of the radiation arm is small, and the antenna structure is used as a low-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, has small influence on the performance of a high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, and realizes decoupling of the high-frequency radiation unit.

When the inductor is specifically arranged, the inductor is in a spiral coil shape, a broken line shape or a wavy line shape. The structure is simple, and the radiation body is convenient to be combined and configured.

In a specific embodiment, the number of the radiating bodies is multiple, and the first decoupling element between two radiating bodies arranged in sequence along the extending direction of the radiating arm comprises a plurality of inductors. The first decoupling member comprises a large number of inductors, which is equivalent to increasing the inductors loaded by the whole radiating arm, so that the decoupling effect on the high-frequency radiating unit can be improved.

In a particular possible embodiment, the antenna structure further comprises a plurality of second decoupling elements, which are arranged on at least one side of the radiating arm in the extension direction of the radiating arm. The far-field phase of the scattered field of the second decoupling piece and the far-field phase of the scattered field of the radiation arm can form reverse phase offset, so that the second decoupling piece can inhibit the scattering magnitude of the low-frequency radiation unit in a high-frequency band, effectively reduce the scattering magnitude of the low-frequency radiation unit in the high-frequency band, reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, and realize decoupling of the high-frequency radiation unit. The decoupling effect of the second decoupling piece and the decoupling effect of the first decoupling piece are superposed, and the decoupling effect of the antenna structure on the high-frequency radiation unit is improved.

In particular, the second decoupling element comprises a metal sheet. The structure is simple, and the decoupling effect of the second decoupling piece is convenient to debug.

In a specific possible embodiment, the second decoupling member comprises a plurality of metal sheets, which are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the radiating arm. The second decoupling member includes a large number of metal pieces, and has a significant decoupling effect on the high-frequency radiating unit.

In a specific embodiment, the antenna structure further comprises a mounting member, the mounting member is arranged on the radiation arm, and the extension direction of the mounting member and the extension direction of the radiation arm are parallel to each other; the mounting part is provided with a plurality of second decoupling parts along the extending direction. The mounting member may be provided to integrate the plurality of second decoupling members, thereby stabilizing the relative positions of the plurality of second decoupling members and simplifying the connection of the plurality of second decoupling members to the radiating arm.

In a second aspect, the present application provides another antenna structure, including a radiation unit and a plurality of second decoupling elements, where the radiation unit includes a radiation arm, and the second decoupling elements are disposed along an extending direction of the radiation arm.

According to the technical scheme, the antenna structure can serve as a low-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, the far-field phase of the scattering field of the second decoupling piece can form reverse phase cancellation with the far-field phase of the scattering field of the radiation arm, the scattering magnitude of the low-frequency radiation unit in the high-frequency band can be restrained by the second decoupling piece, the scattering magnitude of the low-frequency radiation unit in the high-frequency band is effectively reduced, the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna is reduced, and decoupling of the high-frequency radiation unit is achieved.

In a specific embodiment, the second decoupling member comprises a plurality of metal sheets, and the plurality of metal sheets are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the radiation arm. The second decoupling member includes a large number of metal pieces, and the decoupling effect on the high-frequency radiating unit is significant.

In a specific embodiment, the radiation arm includes a radiation body and a first decoupling member, and the radiation body and the first decoupling member are disposed adjacent to each other along an extending direction of the radiation arm to constitute the radiation arm. The arrangement of the first decoupling piece is equivalent to loading inductance on the radiation arm, the first decoupling piece is in a high-impedance state in a high-frequency section, the induced current generated by the first decoupling piece is small, the overall radiation energy of the radiation arm is small, the antenna structure is used as a low-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, the influence of the antenna structure on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna is small, the high-frequency radiation unit is decoupled, and the decoupling bandwidth is wide. In addition, the radiation arm adopts the structural style of the combination of the radiation body and the first decoupling piece, the overall size of the radiation arm is larger, and the gain of the low-frequency radiation unit is higher.

The decoupling effect of the first decoupling piece and the decoupling effect of the second decoupling piece are superposed, and the decoupling effect of the antenna structure on the high-frequency radiation unit is improved.

In a particular embodiment, the first decoupling member comprises an inductor. The inductor is in a high-impedance state in a high-frequency band, and the generated induced current is small, so that the overall radiation energy of the radiation arm is small, and the antenna structure is used as a low-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, has small influence on the performance of a high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, and realizes decoupling of the high-frequency radiation unit.

In a specific embodiment, the number of the radiating bodies is multiple, and the first decoupling element between two radiating bodies arranged in sequence along the extending direction of the radiating arm comprises multiple inductors. The first decoupling member comprises a large number of inductors, which is equivalent to increasing the inductors loaded on the whole radiating arm, so that the decoupling effect on the high-frequency radiating unit can be improved.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a base station antenna comprising a high frequency antenna structure, and an antenna structure as described in the foregoing, the antenna structure being for decoupling the high frequency antenna structure. The antenna structure in the base station antenna can be used as a low-frequency radiation unit, the performance influence on the high-frequency radiation unit is small, the high-frequency radiation unit is decoupled, the overall antenna directional diagram of the base station antenna is ideal, and the overall performance is superior.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a base station comprising the aforementioned base station antenna. The base station antenna has superior performance, stable operation and reliable performance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system architecture suitable for use in embodiments of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna feed system of a base station according to an embodiment shown in the above figure;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to one possible embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiating arm of an antenna structure according to one possible embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an inductor of an antenna structure according to one possible embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is another structural diagram of an inductor of an antenna structure according to one possible embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to another possible embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 8;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to another possible embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a mounting member of an antenna structure according to another possible embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to yet another possible embodiment of the present application;

fig. 13 is a schematic view of a usage scenario of an antenna structure according to still another possible embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals are as follows:

10-an antenna; 20-holding the pole; 30-an antenna adjustment mount; 40-a radome; 50-a radio frequency processing unit; 60-a signal processing unit;

70-cable lines; 11-a radiating element; 12-a reflector plate; 3-a feed network; 31-a transmission member; 32-a calibration network;

33-a transfer device; 34-a combiner; 35-a filter; 100-a radiating arm; 200-a second decoupling; 300-a mount;

400-a frame structure; 500-balun; 101-a radiating body; 102-a first decoupling; 103-an inductance; 201-a metal sheet;

301-mounting holes; 401 — a first rim; 402-second bezel.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

For ease of understanding, an application scenario of the antenna structure related to the present application is first explained.

Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a system architecture to which the embodiment of the present application is applicable, as shown in fig. 1, in which a radio access network device and a terminal, such as a base station including but not limited to that shown in fig. 1, may be included in the system architecture. Wireless communication can be realized between the wireless access equipment and the terminal. The radio access network device may be located in a base station subsystem (BBS), a terrestrial radio access network (UMTS terrestrial radio access network, UTRAN) or an evolved terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), and is configured to perform cell coverage of a radio signal to implement connection between a terminal device and a radio frequency end of a radio network. Specifically, the base station may be a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in a GSM or CDMA system, a base station (NodeB, NB) in a WCDMA system, an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, a wireless controller in a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) scenario, or a base station in a 5G network of a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, or a base station in a future evolved PLMN network, for example, a new wireless base station, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna feeding system of a base station according to an embodiment shown in the above figure. The antenna feed system of the base station may generally include an antenna 10, a pole 20, an antenna tuning support 30, and the like. The antenna 10 of the base station includes an antenna housing 40, and the antenna housing 40 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in electrical performance and can withstand the influence of the external severe environment in mechanical performance, thereby protecting the antenna system from the external environment. The antenna housing 40 may be mounted on the pole 20 or the iron tower through the antenna adjusting bracket 30, so as to facilitate the signal receiving or transmitting of the antenna 10.

In addition, the base station may further include a radio frequency processing unit 50 and a signal processing unit 60. For example, the rf processing unit 50 may be configured to perform frequency selection, amplification and down-conversion on a signal received by the antenna 10, convert the signal into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal, and send the intermediate frequency signal or the baseband signal to the signal processing unit 60, or the rf processing unit 50 is configured to up-convert the intermediate frequency signal or the intermediate frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave through the antenna 10 and send the electromagnetic wave. The signal processing unit 60 may be connected to the feeding structure of the antenna 10 through the rf processing unit 50, and is configured to process the intermediate frequency signal or the baseband signal sent by the rf processing unit 50.

In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the rf processing unit 50 may be integral with the antenna 10, with the signal processing unit 60 being located at the distal end of the antenna 10. In other embodiments, the rf processing unit 50 and the signal processing unit 60 may be located at the same time at the far end of the antenna 10. The rf processing unit 50 and the signal processing unit 60 may be connected by a cable 70.

More specifically, reference may be made to fig. 2 and fig. 3 together, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, an antenna 10 of a base station may include a radiation unit 11 and a reflection plate 12. The radiation unit 11 may also be referred to as an antenna element, an element, or the like, and the radiation unit 11 is a unit that constitutes a basic structure of an antenna array and can effectively radiate or receive an antenna signal. In the antenna 10, the frequencies of the different radiating elements 11 may be the same or different. The reflector 12 may also be referred to as a bottom plate, an antenna panel, or a metal reflecting surface, and the reflector 12 may reflect and focus the antenna signal on a receiving point. The radiation unit 11 is usually disposed on one side surface of the reflection plate 12, which not only can greatly enhance the signal receiving or transmitting capability of the antenna 10, but also can block and shield interference of other electric waves from the back surface of the reflection plate 12 (in this application, the back surface of the reflection plate 12 refers to the side of the reflection plate 12 opposite to the side where the radiation unit 11 is disposed) to the antenna signal reception.

In the antenna 10 of the base station, the radiating element 11 is connected to the feeding network 3. The feeding network 3 is usually formed by a controlled impedance transmission line, and the feeding network 3 can feed signals to the radiation unit 11 according to a certain amplitude and phase, or send received signals to the signal processing unit 60 of the base station according to a certain amplitude and phase. In addition, the feeding network 3 can realize different radiation beam directions through the transmission component 31, or is connected with the calibration network 32 to obtain the calibration signal required by the system. A transposer 33 may be included in the feed network 3 for changing the maximum direction of radiation of the antenna signal. The feed network 3 may further include a combiner 34 (for combining signals with different frequencies into one path and transmitting the signal via the antenna 10, or for splitting and transmitting the signal received by the antenna 10 into multiple paths according to different frequencies to the signal processing unit 50 for processing when the signal is used in the reverse direction), a filter 35 (for filtering out interference signals), and other modules for expanding performance.

The antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application may be adapted to the radiation element 11 of the base station antenna, for example, as a low frequency radiation element, for decoupling the high frequency radiation element in the base station antenna. In the existing base station antenna, when the high-frequency radiation unit works, the low-frequency radiation unit forms a stronger scattered field in the high-frequency field, and the superposition of the scattered field and the radiation field of the high-frequency radiation unit can influence the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit.

Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure, where the antenna structure itself can be used as a low-frequency radiating element in a base station antenna, and can decouple a high-frequency radiating element in the base station antenna, that is, the influence of the low-frequency radiating element on the performance of the high-frequency radiating element is reduced.

As a possible embodiment, the antenna structure comprises a radiating element comprising a radiating arm, and the radiating arm may comprise a radiating body and a first decoupling member, the radiating body and the first decoupling member may be arranged adjacent to each other along an extension direction of the radiating arm to constitute the radiating arm.

As another possible embodiment, the antenna structure includes a radiation element including a radiation arm, and the antenna structure may further include a plurality of second decoupling members, and the second decoupling members may be disposed along an extending direction of the radiation arm.

The two embodiments described above may be mutually cited, i.e. the radiating arm of the antenna structure may comprise a radiating body and a first decoupling member, while the antenna structure may comprise a plurality of second decoupling members, whereby yet another possible embodiment may be formed. The antenna structure is explained in detail below.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to one possible embodiment of the present application. Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a radiating arm of an antenna structure according to one possible embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 4 and 5 together, a radiation arm 100 of an antenna structure may include a radiation body 101 and a first decoupling element 102, the radiation body 101 and the first decoupling element 102 may be disposed adjacently along an extending direction of the radiation arm 100, the radiation body 101 and the first decoupling element 102 are connected to each other to form a whole, that is, the radiation arm 100, and the radiation body 101 and the first decoupling element 102 may be electrically connected to each other. The number of the radiating bodies 101 may be multiple, the number of the first decoupling elements 102 may also be multiple, the radiating bodies 101 and the first decoupling elements 102 are arranged at intervals, and the first decoupling elements 102 are arranged between two sequentially arranged radiating bodies 101 along the extending direction of the radiating arm 100.

In a specific implementation, the radiation body 101 may be a rectangular parallelepiped, and when there are a plurality of radiation bodies 101, the lengths of the plurality of radiation bodies 101 may be the same or different.

In a specific implementation, the first decoupling element 102 may include an inductor, and the number of the inductors may be plural, that is, one inductor may be located between two radiation bodies 101 that are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the radiation arm 100, or plural inductors may be located between the two radiation bodies.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of an inductance of an antenna structure according to one possible embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 6, the inductor 103 may be a spiral coil wound from a wire-like structure. The cross-sectional shape of the linear structure may be circular, rectangular, triangular, or the like. The inductor 103 is arranged to load an inductor on the radiating arm, and according to the impedance Z = jwL of the inductor (where j represents an imaginary number, w represents a frequency, and L represents an inductance value), when the frequency w increases, the impedance of the inductor increases accordingly, so that the inductor 103 presents a high impedance state in a high frequency band, the induced current generated by the inductor 103 is small, and the radiation energy of the whole radiating arm is small.

In a specific implementation, taking the inductor 103 as a spiral coil as an example, the axial direction of the inductor 103 may be perpendicular to the extending direction of the radiation body 101, or may form another angle. When there are a plurality of inductors 103 between adjacent radiating bodies 101, the axial directions of the plurality of inductors 103 may be parallel to each other or may form an included angle with each other.

Fig. 7 shows another structural diagram of the inductance of the antenna structure according to one possible embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 7, the inductor 103 may be a broken line or a wavy line formed by bending a linear structure. Similarly, the cross-sectional shape of the threadlike structure may be circular, rectangular, triangular, etc.

It should be noted that the radiation body 101 may transmit or receive a radio frequency signal, and the first decoupling element 102 may also transmit or receive a radio frequency signal. Furthermore, the radiation arm 100 adopts a structure form of combining the radiation body 101 and the first decoupling member 102, so that the overall size of the radiation arm 100 is large, and the gain of the low-frequency radiation unit is high.

At a structural level, the radiating body 101 and the first decoupling element 102 may be integrally formed using a non-conductive medium. In specific implementation, the radiation body 101 and the first decoupling element 102 may be integrally formed by a process of forming a reinforced etching pattern (PEP). Electroplating after integral forming to make the two have conductivity, so as to realize mutual electrical connection of the two. The non-conductive medium can be polyphenylene sulfide and modified materials thereof, polyphenylene oxide and modified materials thereof, liquid crystal polymer and modified materials thereof, polyether imide and modified materials thereof, syndiotactic polystyrene and modified materials thereof, cyclic polyolefin and modified materials thereof, fluoroplastic and modified materials thereof, and the like.

Referring again to fig. 4, in one embodiment, the radiation arm 100 may be disposed on a frame structure 400. The frame structure 400 may include a first rim 401 and a second rim 402 arranged in parallel, and the radiation arm 100 may be fixedly coupled between the first rim 401 and the second rim 402. A wire may be provided on the frame structure 400 through which the radiation arm 100 is fed. When the radiation arm 100 includes the radiation bodies 101 and the first decoupling parts 102 arranged at intervals, one of the radiation bodies 101 may be fed through a wire, and all of the radiation bodies 101 and the first decoupling parts 102 are electrically connected, so that the entire radiation arm 100 is fed.

When the radiation arm 100 includes the radiation body 101 and the first decoupling element 102 that are arranged at intervals, the radiation body 101 may be connected to the frame structure 400 through a positioning element, which may be a pin or the like, to fix the position of the radiation body 101; the first decoupling element 102 may also be connected to the frame structure 400 by a positioning element, or the first decoupling element 102 may be connected to an adjacent radiating body 101, so as to fix the position of the first decoupling element 102. Alternatively, the frame structure 400 may be integrally formed with the radiation body 101 and the first decoupling element 102, so as to fix the positions of the radiation body 101 and the first decoupling element 102, and at this time, the frame structure 400 and the radiation body 101 and the first decoupling element 102 are made of the same material.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to another possible embodiment of the present application, which is different from the technical solution of one possible embodiment described above, but two embodiments may be cited as each other. As shown in fig. 8, the antenna structure includes a radiation unit, the radiation unit includes a radiation arm 100, the antenna structure may further include a second decoupling element 200, the second decoupling element 200 may be disposed on two sides of the radiation arm 100, it should be noted that in practical applications, the second decoupling element 200 may be disposed on at least one side of the radiation arm 100, and fig. 8 only illustrates that the second decoupling element 200 may be disposed on two sides of the radiation arm 100. The number of second decoupling elements 200 on the same side of the radiation arm 100 may be plural, and the plural second decoupling elements 200 may be arranged along the extending direction of the radiation arm 100; the adjacent second decoupling members 200 may be spaced at the same distance or at different distances. When a plurality of second decoupling elements 200 are disposed on both sides of the radiation arm 100, the number of second decoupling elements 200 on both sides of the radiation arm 100 may be the same or different. The radiating arm may be a one-piece structure, such as a rod-shaped structure, and the radiating arm may be integrally formed using a non-conductive medium and then plated, so that the radiating arm has conductivity.

Fig. 9 shows an enlarged view at a in fig. 8. Referring to fig. 9, the second decoupling element 200 may include one or more metal sheets 201 (fig. 9 illustrates that the second decoupling element 200 includes a plurality of metal sheets 201), and the metal sheets 201 may be made of copper, aluminum, silver, or the like. When the second decoupling member 200 includes a plurality of metal sheets 201, the plurality of metal sheets 201 may be stacked in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the radiating arm 100; the pitches of the plurality of metal sheets 201 arranged in a stacked manner may be the same or different; a plurality of metal sheets 201 may be arranged parallel to each other. For a single metal sheet 201, the shape may be rectangular, circular, rectangular ring, circular ring, etc. The metal sheet 201 may be disposed parallel to the radiation arm 100, that is, the plane of the metal sheet 201 is parallel to the extending direction of the radiation arm 100, or the metal sheet 201 may be disposed perpendicular to the radiation arm 100, or the metal sheet 201 may be disposed at other angles with respect to the radiation arm 100.

In a specific implementation, the size of the metal sheet 201 may be configured according to the wavelength of the frequency band of the high-frequency radiating element additionally present in the base station antenna to achieve decoupling of the high-frequency radiating element. For example, in one embodiment, the dimensions of the radiating arm 100 are matched according to the frequency band (e.g., 690-960 MHz) of the radiating element to which the radiating arm 100 belongs. The antenna structure itself is used as a low-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, and the antenna structure is required to decouple the radiation unit corresponding to the 2.3-3.8 GHz band, so that the size of the metal sheet 201 can be 0.1 time of the wavelength of the 2.3-3.8 GHz band. At this time, the phase difference between the far field of the scattered field of the radiation arm 100 and the far field of the scattered field of the second decoupling piece 200 is about 180 degrees, and the two are almost in opposite phases, so that the two can form opposite phase cancellation, and the arrangement of the second decoupling piece 200 can inhibit the scattering magnitude of the antenna structure in the frequency band of 2.3-3.8 GHz, that is, effectively reduce the scattering magnitude of the low-frequency radiation unit in the high-frequency band, thereby reducing the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, and realizing the decoupling of the high-frequency radiation unit.

It can be understood that low frequency and high frequency are relative concepts, and the antenna structure of this embodiment itself can be used as a low frequency radiating element in a base station antenna to decouple the high frequency radiating element in the base station antenna; the antenna structure of the embodiment can also be used as a high-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna, and the size of the metal sheet 201 is debugged, so that decoupling of a higher-frequency radiation unit in the base station antenna is realized.

It should be noted that, the size of the metal sheet 201 may be the maximum side length of the metal sheet 201, for example, when the metal sheet 201 is rectangular, the size of the metal sheet 201 may be the length of the long side of the rectangle; when the metal sheet 201 is circular, the metal sheet 201 may be sized to be the length of the diameter of the circle.

The metal sheet 201 may be fixedly attached to the radiating arm 100 by a locating member, which in one embodiment may be a pin. At this time, the radiation arm 100 may be provided with a positioning hole, the metal sheet 201 may also be provided with a positioning hole, one end of the positioning element is inserted into the positioning hole on the radiation arm 100, and the other end of the positioning element is inserted into the positioning hole on the metal sheet 201, so as to realize that the metal sheet 201 is fixedly connected to the radiation arm 100, that is, the second decoupling element 200 is fixedly connected to the radiation arm 100. Also, the position of the second decoupling member 200 on the radiation arm 100 may be adjusted according to the position of the positioning hole on the radiation arm 100. In another implementation, the positioning member may also be a screw or a stud. At this time, the positioning hole on the radiation arm 100 is a threaded hole. The positioning element may be an element with other structures, which is suitable for the connection between the metal sheet 201 and the radiation arm 100, and is not listed here.

When a plurality of second decoupling elements 200 are disposed on the same side of the radiation arm 100, the number of metal sheets 201 included in each of the second decoupling elements 200 in the plurality of second decoupling elements 200 on the same side of a single radiation arm 100 may be the same or different; meanwhile, the shape, size, and arrangement angle of the metal sheet 201 included in each second decoupling member 200 with respect to the radiation arm 100 may be the same or different.

Fig. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to another possible embodiment of the present application. Fig. 11 shows a schematic view of a mounting of an antenna structure according to another possible embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the antenna structure may further include a mounting member 300, the mounting member 300 is disposed on the radiation arm 100, and an extending direction of the mounting member 300 may be parallel to an extending direction of the radiation arm 100. A plurality of second decoupling members 200 may be disposed on the mounting member 300 along the extending direction thereof, so that the plurality of second decoupling members 200 are disposed on the radiation arm 100 through the mounting member 300. Since the extending direction of the mounting member 300 may be parallel to the extending direction of the radiation arm 100, when the plurality of second decoupling members 200 are disposed along the extending direction of the mounting member, it may be achieved that the plurality of second decoupling members 200 are arranged along the extending direction of the radiation arm 100.

In some embodiments, more than one mounting hole 301 may be disposed on the mounting member 300, and fig. 11 illustrates that four second decoupling members and two mounting holes 301 are disposed on the mounting member 300, and the two mounting holes 301 may be disposed at two ends of the mounting member 300 in the extending direction. The mounting member 300 can be fixedly connected to the radiation arm 100 through the mounting hole 301 and a positioning member matching with the mounting hole 301, and in a specific implementation, the positioning member can be a pin, a screw, or a stud.

In other embodiments, the mounting member 300 can be integrally formed with the radiation arm 100, in which case the mounting member 300 and the radiation arm 100 are made of the same material, and they can also be integrally formed by using the aforementioned process of using a reinforced etching pattern (PEP). In this case, the mounting hole 301 may not be formed in the mounting member 300.

In a specific implementation, the mounting member 300 may be a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), and the metal sheet 201 may be integrally formed on the PCB by using a die-cutting process. A layer of PCB may be formed with one metal sheet 201, or may be formed with a plurality of metal sheets 201, for example, a plurality of metal sheets 201 are laid on the PCB along the extending direction, the plurality of metal sheets 201 form a plurality of second decoupling members 200, and each second decoupling member 200 includes one metal sheet 201. Alternatively, a plurality of metal sheets 201 are laid on one layer of PCB along the extending direction, a plurality of layers of PCBs are stacked to form a plurality of second decoupling members 200, and each second decoupling member 200 includes a plurality of stacked metal sheets 201. The mounting member 300 is provided to integrate the plurality of second decoupling members 200, so that the relative positions of the plurality of second decoupling members 200 are stabilized, and the connection of the plurality of second decoupling members 200 to the radiation arm 100 is simplified.

In a specific implementation, the shape of the metal sheet 201 integrally formed on the PCB may be adjusted according to a specific setting condition of the PCB, for example, when the mounting hole 301 is formed on the PCB, the metal sheet 201 may be in a rectangular ring shape or a circular ring shape, so as to adapt to the design of the mounting hole 301, and the mounting hole 301 may be surrounded in the ring shape. When the PCB is not formed with the mounting hole 301, the metal sheet 201 may have a rectangular shape, a circular shape, or the like, and in this case, the metal sheet 201 may also have a rectangular ring shape, a circular ring shape, or the like.

Fig. 12 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure according to yet another possible embodiment of the present application, which is different from the technical solutions of the foregoing one and another possible embodiments, and is a possible solution that the foregoing two embodiments refer to each other. Referring to fig. 12, in combination with the above, the antenna structure includes a radiation unit, the radiation unit includes a radiation arm 100, the radiation arm 100 may include a radiation body 101 and a first decoupling member 102, and in this case, the antenna structure may further include a plurality of second decoupling members 200.

In one embodiment, the number of radiating arms 100 may be an even number. Wherein two radiating arms 100 form a pair of dipoles, the two radiating arms 100 may be arranged at 180 °. Fig. 12 illustrates an example in which the number of the radiation arms 100 is four, the four radiation arms 100 form two pairs of dipoles, and the radiation arms 100 belonging to different dipoles may be perpendicular to each other. All of the radiating arms 100 may be disposed in the same plane. The sizes of the radiation arms 100 used for matching the antennas in different frequency bands are different, and the size of the radiation arm 100 can be determined according to the corresponding applied frequency band. When the radiation arm 100 is plural, an equal number of frame structures 400 may be provided correspondingly, and each radiation arm 100 is individually provided on one frame structure 400. The plurality of frame structures 400 may be connected to one another as a unit, for example, the plurality of frame structures 400 may be free at a first end and connected to one another at a second end.

In some embodiments, the second end of the frame structure 400 may be fixedly attached to the balun 500. The balun 500 may serve as a routing carrier for wires through which the radiation arm 100 is fed. When the radiating arm 100 comprises the radiating body 101 and the decoupling element 102 arranged at intervals, the radiating body 101 may be fed by a wire, for example, the radiating body 101 near the second end of the frame structure 400, and all the radiating bodies 101 and the decoupling element 102 are electrically connected, so that the whole radiating arm 100 is fed. At this time, no wires may be required to be routed on the frame structure 400.

In other embodiments, a circuit board may be disposed on the balun 500, or the balun 500 itself may serve as a substrate of the circuit board, in other words, the balun 500 serves as a substrate of the circuit board, and other electronic devices are wired and routed on the balun 500.

In an implementation, the balun 500 may be integrally formed with the frame structure 400, and further, the balun 500 may be integrally formed with the frame structure 400, the radiation body 101 and the decoupling element 102, and at this time, the balun 500 and the frame structure 400, the radiation body 101 and the decoupling element 102 are made of the same material.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a usage scenario of an antenna structure according to still another possible embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 13, a balun 500 may be provided on the reflection plate 12. The reflector plate 12 may form a separate array with the radiating elements and the base station antenna may comprise a plurality of separate arrays. Moreover, the frequency bands corresponding to the radiation units of the plurality of independent arrays may be the same or different. The radiation unit may be a low-frequency radiation unit or a high-frequency radiation unit, for example, the antenna structure of this embodiment may be used as a low-frequency radiation unit to form an independent array with the reflection plate 12, and may decouple the high-frequency radiation unit of other independent arrays.

In a specific implementation, the antenna cover 40 may be disposed outside the plurality of independent arrays, and the antenna cover 40 protects the independent arrays from the external environment, and it can be understood that the antenna cover 40 has a better electromagnetic wave penetration characteristic at the same time.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The antenna structure is characterized by comprising a radiation unit, wherein the radiation unit comprises a radiation arm, the radiation arm comprises a radiation body and a first decoupling piece, and the radiation body and the first decoupling piece are adjacently arranged along the extension direction of the radiation arm to form the radiation arm.

2. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the first decoupling element comprises an inductor.

3. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein the inductor is in the form of a helical coil, a meander line, or a wave line.

4. An antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number of said radiating bodies is plural, and said first decoupling member between two of said radiating bodies arranged in series in the extending direction of said radiating arm comprises plural inductors.

5. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a plurality of second decoupling members disposed on at least one side of the radiating arm in an extending direction of the radiating arm.

6. An antenna structure according to claim 5 wherein the second decoupling member comprises a metal sheet.

7. An antenna structure according to claim 6, wherein the second decoupling member comprises a plurality of metal sheets arranged one above the other in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the radiating arm extends.

8. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising a mounting member provided on the radiating arm, the mounting member extending in a direction parallel to the extending direction of the radiating arm;

the mounting member is provided with the plurality of second decoupling members in the extending direction.

9. An antenna structure, characterized by comprising a radiating element and a plurality of second decoupling elements, wherein the radiating element comprises a radiating arm, and the second decoupling elements are arranged along the extending direction of the radiating arm.

10. The antenna structure of claim 9, wherein the second decoupling member comprises a metal sheet.

11. The antenna structure of claim 10, wherein the second decoupling element comprises a plurality of metal sheets stacked in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the radiating arm extends.

12. The antenna structure according to any of claims 9 to 11, further comprising a mounting member provided on the radiating arm, the mounting member extending in a direction parallel to the direction in which the radiating arm extends;

13. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the radiation arm includes a radiation body and a first decoupling member, and the radiation body and the first decoupling member are disposed adjacently along an extending direction of the radiation arm to constitute the radiation arm.

14. The antenna structure of claim 13, wherein the first decoupling element comprises an inductor.

15. The antenna structure according to claim 14, wherein the inductor is in the form of a spiral coil, a meander line, or a wave line.

16. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the number of said radiating bodies is plural, and said first decoupling member between two said radiating bodies arranged in series in the extending direction of said radiating arm comprises plural inductors.

17. A base station antenna comprising a high frequency antenna structure and an antenna structure according to any of claims 1 to 16 for decoupling the high frequency antenna structure.

18. A base station comprising a base station antenna according to claim 17.