CN115563448B - Coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation system and a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method, which construct a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation index system based on exposure, sensitivity and adaptability; calculating an evaluation index weight based on a processing method of an improved expert weighting method of the data variation situation, obtaining a sensitivity index VI pixel by pixel based on zooplankton diversity, large benthonic animal diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat identification and an ecological system with special protection value, and obtaining an fitness index AI pixel by pixel based on chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density and larva fish density; and obtaining an ecological vulnerability comprehensive index through weighted calculation, and obtaining vulnerability grade according to the ecological vulnerability comprehensive index. The application has objective evaluation results and can provide technical basis for marine ecological protection, marine ecological red line demarcation and coastal beach planning management.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method, and belongs to the field of environmental monitoring.
Background
Ocean is an important component of an earth life support system, is influenced by factors such as pollution, excessive fishing, destructive ocean operation and the like, the diversity of marine organisms is seriously threatened, a series of problems such as over development of coastal beaches, oversized reclamation sea scale, reduction of shallow sea biological resources, deterioration of offshore sea water quality and the like exist in offshore areas, the weakness degree of the marine ecology is gradually increased, and a support system or a management tool is urgently needed to deal with the marine ecological environment problem caused by the pressure, so that the sustainable development of the ocean is promoted. Research of scholars at home and abroad shows that the ecological vulnerability is the result of the combined action of the ecological system and human beings. The scientific and reasonable identification of the marine ecological vulnerability is the basis of defining an ecological protection red line, is also the main basis for determining the functional area of the marine main body, and is an important basis for realizing the management and control of the marine ecological space, so that the ecological vulnerability evaluation is extremely important for the development and protection of the marine mud flat.
In general, the ecological vulnerability assessment consists of 5 steps including assessment unit selection, index selection, weight calculation, comprehensive assessment, and vulnerability classification. The difference of different methods is mainly reflected in the difference of the size of an evaluation unit, the index construction mode and the index weight determining method. The evaluation unit determines that the ecological vulnerability evaluation index system mainly comprises a sensitive-elastic-pressure index system, a pressure-state-response index system, an exposure-sensitivity-fitness index system and the like by taking administrative areas, watercourses, landscapes and the like as the evaluation unit. The index weight calculation mainly comprises a level analysis method, an entropy value method, a fuzzy comprehensive judgment method, a principal component analysis method and the like.
For more evaluation methods of marine ecological vulnerability, the evaluation methods of ecological vulnerability of coastal zones and islands are more, and the evaluation methods of ecological vulnerability of coastal beach areas are fresh, and a consistent technical method is not formed yet, so that the related technology is blank or insufficient at present:
firstly, the evaluation scale of the marine ecology vulnerability is more than that of the marine ecology vulnerability which is difficult to finely reflect by taking administrative areas, watercourses and landscapes as evaluation units. Secondly, the existing ocean ecological vulnerability index lacks specific sea area development activities to quantitatively describe ocean ecological vulnerability, and the evaluation index lacks important habitat distribution and ecosystem indexes with special humane protection. Thirdly, the ocean ecological vulnerability is mainly aimed at open ocean, and a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method aiming at larger human disturbance is lacked. 4. At present, the weight calculation is mainly carried out by adopting different expert weighting modes to determine, the consistency of the expert weighting is difficult to control, the error of expert weighting is difficult to discriminate, and the weight adaptability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the application provides a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation system and a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method, which take grid pixels as evaluation units to more finely describe the differences of marine ecological vulnerabilities and construct the coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method based on exposure, sensitivity and fitness from the use types of sea areas, the topography of the seabed, important habitats and special ecological systems. In addition, aiming at the problem that the expert empowerment is inconsistent due to the reasons of expert cognition level or filling errors and the like in the expert empowerment method, the application provides a processing method of an improved expert empowerment method based on the data variation condition, and the problems of objective expert empowerment errors and subjective cognition deviation are reduced. The application can provide technical basis for marine ecological protection, marine ecological red line demarcation and coastal beach planning management.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step S1, constructing a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation index system based on the exposure degree, the sensitivity and the adaptability.
Step S2, calculating an evaluation index weight, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step S21: selecting n-bit expert in the coastal beach vulnerability evaluation field, evaluating and weighting m indexes, and constructing an index weight matrix W (1) 。
wherein ,wij The evaluation weighting of the j index by the expert in the i-th coastal beach vulnerability evaluation field is represented by i=1, 2,3, …, n, j=1, 2,3, …, m.
Step S22: the average weight of the expert group is calculated using an averaging method.
wherein ,representing the average weight of the j-th index.
Step S23: the degree of deviation between the individual expert assigned weights and the other expert weights is calculated.
wherein ,represents the ith 0 Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches grants right to the evaluation of the j-th index,/for>Represents the ith 1 Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches grants right to the evaluation of the j-th index,/for>Represents the ith index for the jth index 0 Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches grants right to the evaluation of the mth index, < ->Ith index for jth index 1 The expert in the coastal beach vulnerability evaluation field weights the evaluation of the mth index, A k,j Representing the degree of deviation between the assigned weight of the kth expert for the jth index and the weights of other experts, w k,j Represents the evaluation empowerment of an expert in the field of evaluating the vulnerability of the kth coastal beach to the jth index, w i+1,j Indicating that the (i+1) th expert in the field of coastal beach vulnerability evaluation has rights to evaluate the (j) th index,/for>Represents the average weight of the j-th index, k=1, 2, … n.
Step S24: calculating the degree of deviation lambda between experts i Normalizing the deviation degree of the n-bit expert weight evaluation to obtain a weight influence factor W (q) 。
W (q) ＝(λ 1 ,λ 2 ,λ 3 ,…,λ n ) T
Step S25: according to the evaluation weight matrix W of n-bit expert (1) Influence factor W of binding weights (q) Finally, weight vectors W of m indexes are obtained (2) 。
W (2) A weight vector representing m indices.
And S3, collecting basic data of the research area, preprocessing the data, unifying the data to the same grid pixel size, and facilitating space operation.
And S4, carrying out exposure degree evaluation, carrying out interference degree and coast erosion evaluation, and obtaining an evaluation unit exposure degree index EI pixel by pixel.
And S5, developing sensitivity evaluation, and obtaining a sensitivity index VI pixel by pixel based on zooplankton diversity, large benthonic animal diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat identification and special protection value ecosystem.
And S6, carrying out fitness evaluation, and obtaining a fitness index AI pixel by pixel based on chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density and larval fish density.
And step S7, obtaining an ecological vulnerability comprehensive index through weighted calculation of the exposure index obtained in the step S4, the sensitivity index obtained in the step S5 and the fitness index obtained in the step S6, and obtaining the vulnerability grade according to the ecological vulnerability comprehensive index.
Preferably: in the step S1, the constructed coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation index system comprises the following evaluation indexes: disturbance degree, coastal erosion rate, phytoplankton diversity, zooplankton diversity, large zoobenthos diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat, ecosystem of special protection value, chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density, and fish fry density.
Preferably: in the step S3, the collected basic data comprise important habitat distribution such as ocean basic geography, sea area development and utilization, coastline, phytoplankton, zooplankton, large benthonic animals, swimming animals, chlorophyll a, fish egg larval fish density monitoring data, rare or endangered species habitat and the like, and important wetlands.
Preferably: in step S4, the exposure evaluation includes an interference factor C1 and a coast erosion factor C2.
And evaluating the interference factor C1, and carrying out assignment determination according to the sea area use type and the topography and landform features. The undeveloped shallow sea area outside the 0m isocenter is assigned a value of 1 as no disturbance. The low interference is assigned to 2, and the middle interference is assigned to 1 for the open type cultivation sea, the artificial fish reef sea and the coast protection engineering sea. The strong interference of the fish, shrimp and crab culture sea area in the coastline to the 0m equal-depth line and the surrounding culture sea area outside the 0m equal-depth line is assigned as 4. The sea for fishery foundation construction, industrial sea, transportation sea, travel and entertainment sea, sea for submarine engineering, sea for sewage dumping and sea for land making engineering are regarded as extremely strong interference, and the value is 5.
The coast erosion factor C2 is evaluated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
where D1 and D2 are coastline locations at times T1 and T2, respectively, and EPR represents the coast erosion rate. For silt quality of silt, the coastal erosion rate is more than or equal to 10m/a, the coastal erosion factor C 2 Assignment 5. For silt, the coastal erosion rate is 1-10 m/a, the coastal erosion factor C 2 Assignment 3. For silt, the coastal erosion rate is less than 1.0m/a, the coastal erosion factor C 2 Assign 1. For sandy shorelines, the coast erosion rate is more than or equal to 2.0m/a, the coast erosion factor C 2 Assignment 5. For sandy shoreline, the coast erosion rate is 0.5-2.0 m/a, the coast erosion factor C 2 Assignment 3. For sandy shorelines, the coast erosion rate is < 0.5m/a, and the coast erosion factor C2 is assigned 1.
The exposure degree is evaluated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein EI is exposure index, C 1 As an interference level factor, the degree of interference,for interference factor weight, C 2 As a coastal erosion factor,
weighting coastal erosion factors.
Preferably: in step S5, the sensitivity evaluation method is as follows:
the phytoplankton diversity is evaluated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein H' is Shanon-Weaver diversity index value, R is the total number of species, P r Represents the ratio of the number of individuals of the r-th species to the total number of all individuals.
Calculating the zooplankton diversity index, the large benthonic animal diversity index and the swimming animal diversity index according to the formula 3. The obtained phytoplankton diversity index was based on the phytoplankton diversity C in Table 4 3 Evaluation and assignment were performed to give zooplankton diversity index according to Table 4 for zooplankton diversity C 4 Evaluation and assignment were performed to obtain a large benthonic animal diversity index for the large benthonic animal diversity C according to Table 4 5 Evaluation and assignment were performed to obtain swimming animal diversity index according to Table 4 for swimming animal diversity C 6 And performing evaluation assignment. For important habitat C 7 Evaluating important habitats including habitats of rare endangered species, migratory bird migration channels and "three-field one-channel" distribution areas, if the grid elements are within the range of the important habitat area, important habitat C 7 Assigning a value of 5, otherwise important habitat C 7 1. Other special ecosystem C 8 Evaluating, if the grid unit is located within the important habitat area, other special ecosystems C 8 Assigned a value of 5, otherwise other special ecosystem C 8 1.
Sensitivity was evaluated and the calculation formula was:
wherein VI is the sensitivity index,represents the ith 2 Weights of C 3 、C 4 、C 5 、C 6 、C 7 、C 8 Respectively phytoplankton diversity, zooplankton diversity, large benthonic animal diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat and other special ecological systems.
Preferably: in step S6, the fitness evaluation method is as follows:
leaves are madeThe interpolated pixel values for the concentration of green element a are assigned according to Table 5 to obtain chlorophyll a concentration factor C 9 。
Assigning pixel values after interpolation of zooplankton density according to Table 5 to obtain zooplankton density factor C 10 。
Assigning pixel values after interpolation of the fish egg density according to Table 5 to obtain a fish egg density factor C 11 。
Assigning pixel values after the density interpolation of the fries according to a table 5 to obtain a density factor C of the fries 12 。
And evaluating the adaptability, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein AI is an fitness index,represents the ith 3 Weights of C 9 、C 10 、C 11 、C 12 The concentration factor of chlorophyll a, the density factor of zooplankton, the density factor of fish eggs and the density factor of fish fries are respectively.
Preferably: in the step S7, the ecological vulnerability comprehensive index EVI has a calculation formula as follows:
EVI＝EI+VI+AI (6)
wherein, EVI is a biological fragile comprehensive index. EI. VI, AI are exposure index, sensitivity index, fitness index, respectively.
Preferably: marine ecology vulnerability is classified into 5 grades of extremely fragile, high fragile, medium fragile, low fragile and non-fragile in step S7, wherein extremely fragile: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 4.21-5.0. High weakness: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 3.41-4.2. Is fragile: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 2.61-3.4. Low friability: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 1.81-2.6. Not fragile: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 1-1.8.
The coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation system comprises an input module, an evaluation index weight calculation module, an exposure degree evaluation module, a sensitivity evaluation module, an adaptability evaluation module, a vulnerability grade module and an output module, wherein:
the input module is used for inputting basic data of a research area, preprocessing the data and unifying the data to the same grid pixel size.
The evaluation index weight calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining weight vectors of all indexes.
The exposure degree evaluation module is used for obtaining an exposure degree index EI according to the interference degree in the basic data input into the research area and the coastal erosion and the weight vector calculated by the evaluation index weight calculation module.
The sensitivity evaluation module is used for obtaining a sensitivity index VI according to the zooplankton diversity, large benthonic animal diversity, swimming animal diversity, ecosystem for identifying important habitats and special protection values in the basic data input into the research area and the weight vector calculated by the evaluation index weight calculation module.
The fitness evaluation module is used for obtaining a fitness index AI according to chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density and larval fish density in basic data input into the research area and the weight vector calculated by the evaluation index weight calculation module.
The vulnerability grade module is used for obtaining an ecological vulnerability comprehensive index according to the exposure index EI, the sensitivity index VI and the fitness index AI through weighted calculation, and obtaining the vulnerability grade according to the ecological vulnerability comprehensive index.
The output module is used for outputting the obtained vulnerability grade.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method based on the exposure degree, the sensitivity and the fitness, the evaluation indexes fully consider the interference of ocean development activities on the ecological vulnerability and the sensitivity of important habitats. Secondly, the application provides a processing method for improving the expert weighting method, a calculation model of a weight influence factor is constructed, and the weight calculation is carried out on the existing expert assignment weight, so that the expert weighting error caused by subjectivity and cognition can be overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method in an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 2 shows an evaluation index weight determination method.
Fig. 3 is a graph of evaluation results of ecological vulnerability of coastal beaches of Jiangsu.
Detailed Description
The present application is further illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed description which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the application and not limiting of its scope, and various equivalent modifications to the application will fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims after reading the application.
A coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
step S1, constructing a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation index system based on the exposure degree, the sensitivity and the adaptability.
The constructed coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation index system comprises the following 12 evaluation indexes, as shown in table 1: disturbance degree, coastal erosion rate, phytoplankton diversity, zooplankton diversity, large zoobenthos diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat, ecosystem of special protection value, chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density, and fish larvae.
Table 1 evaluation index system
And S2, calculating the weight of the evaluation index.
When the weight evaluation of the index by one expert is consistent with the results of most of the experts, the expert should have larger decision authority, and on the contrary, when the deviation degree of the evaluation results of the expert and the most of the experts is larger, the decision authority should be smaller, that is, the weight of the decision problem can be determined by the difference degree of the decision data, so that the weight given by the expert can be reassigned by constructing a deviation degree model, and the influence of abnormal values of the evaluation of the expert on the evaluation results can be reduced. Based on this, an index weight determination method based on the degree of index deviation is proposed. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
it is assumed that n experts are used for carrying out weight evaluation on coastal beach erosion vulnerability indexes, and the index number is recorded as m.
Step S21: selecting n-bit expert in the coastal beach vulnerability evaluation field, evaluating and weighting m indexes, and constructing an index weight matrix W (1) 。
wherein ,wij The evaluation weighting of the j index by the expert in the i-th coastal beach vulnerability evaluation field is represented by i=1, 2,3, …, n, j=1, 2,3, …, m.
Step S22: the average weight of the expert group is calculated using an averaging method.
wherein ,representing the average weight of the j-th index.
Step S23: the degree of deviation between the individual expert assigned weights and the other expert weights is calculated.
wherein ,represents the ith 0 Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches grants right to the evaluation of the j-th index,/for>Represents the ith 1 Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches grants right to the evaluation of the j-th index,/for>Represents the ith index for the jth index 0 Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches grants right to the evaluation of the mth index, < ->Ith index for jth index 1 The expert in the coastal beach vulnerability evaluation field weights the evaluation of the mth index, A k,j Representing the degree of deviation between the assigned weight of the kth expert for the jth index and the weights of other experts, w k,j Represents the evaluation empowerment of an expert in the field of evaluating the vulnerability of the kth coastal beach to the jth index, w i+1,j Indicating that the (i+1) th expert in the field of coastal beach vulnerability evaluation has rights to evaluate the (j) th index,/for>Represents the average weight of the j-th index, k=1, 2, … n.
Step S24: calculating the degree of deviation lambda between experts i Normalizing the deviation degree of the n-bit expert weight evaluation to obtain a weight influence factor W (q) 。
W (q) ＝(λ 1 ,λ 2 ,λ 3 ,…,λ n ) T
Step S25: according to the evaluation weight matrix W of n-bit expert (1) Influence factor W of binding weights (q) Finally, weight vectors W of m indexes are obtained (2) 。
W (2) A weight vector representing m indices.
And S3, collecting basic data of the research area, preprocessing the data, unifying the data to the same grid pixel size, and facilitating space operation.
The collected basic data comprise important habitat distribution, important wetland and other ecological system data with special protection values, such as ocean basic geography, sea area development and utilization, coastline, phytoplankton, zooplankton, large benthonic animals, swimming animals, chlorophyll a, fish egg larva fish density monitoring data, rare or endangered species habitat and the like.
The data are sequentially subjected to the processes of format conversion, projection conversion, clipping, resampling and reclassification, and after preprocessing, the data are unified into a coordinate system and the same image resolution.
In this embodiment, coastal beach of Jiangsu is taken as an example, wherein sea area development data is from national sea area using dynamic management data, water depth data is from chart data, and data is rasterized into grid units of 100m×100 m. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, large benthonic animal and swimming animal data come from site data of actual investigation and monitoring, and a kriging interpolation method is adopted to obtain the biodiversity index of each grid unit. Important habitat data and special protection value ecosystem data come from the range of the wholesale protection area, and are subjected to rasterization.
And S4, carrying out exposure degree evaluation, carrying out interference degree and coast erosion evaluation, and obtaining an evaluation unit exposure degree index EI pixel by pixel.
In step S4, the exposure degree evaluation includes an interference degree factor C 1 And coastal erosion factor C 2 。
The exposure degree refers to the risk brought by human activities to the marine beach ecosystem, and the risk comprises the influence on the balance of the marine ecosystem caused by the reclamation of the sea, the sewage discharge and the like, and two indexes of interference degree index and coastal erosion are selected. Wherein, the interference index represents the influence degree of the artificial interference on the regional ecological system, and the higher the interference index is, the higher the artificial interference is, and the higher the ecological vulnerability is. The interference degree calculating method combines the sea area using mode and sea water depth determination, and the interference degree index is divided into 5 types: the method is divided into no interference, low interference, medium interference, strong interference and extremely strong interference, and is respectively assigned with 1,2,3, 4 and 5. The method comprises the following steps:
interference factor C 1 And evaluating, and carrying out assignment determination according to the sea area use type and the topography and landform features. The undeveloped shallow sea area outside the 0m isocenter is assigned a value of 1 as no disturbance. The low interference is assigned to 2, and the middle interference is assigned to 1 for the open type cultivation sea, the artificial fish reef sea and the coast protection engineering sea. The strong interference of the fish, shrimp and crab culture sea area in the coastline to the 0m equal-depth line and the surrounding culture sea area outside the 0m equal-depth line is assigned as 4. The sea for fishery foundation construction, industrial sea, transportation sea, travel and entertainment sea, sea for submarine engineering, sea for sewage dumping and sea for land making engineering are regarded as extremely strong interference, and the value is 5.
Table 2 interference calculation
The coastal erosion is calculated by the annual advancing and retreating amplitude of different coastline types, and the higher the coastal erosion degree is, the higher the ecological vulnerability degree is, and the coastal erosion factor C is calculated 2 The evaluation is carried out, and the calculation formula is as follows:
where D1 and D2 are coastline locations at times T1 and T2, respectively, and EPR represents the coast erosion rate. As shown in Table 3, for silt properties, the coastal erosion rate was 10m/a or more, coastal erosion factor C 2 Assignment 5. For silt, the coastal erosion rate is 1-10 m/a, the coastal erosion factor C 2 Assignment 3. For silt, the coastal erosion rate is less than 1.0m/a, the coastal erosion factor C 2 Assign 1. For sandy shorelines, the coast erosion rate is more than or equal to 2.0m/a, the coast erosion factor C 2 Assignment 5. For sandy shoreline, the coast erosion rate is 0.5-2.0 m/a, the coast erosion factor C 2 Assignment 3. For sandy shorelines, the coastal erosion rate is less than 0.5m/a, the coastal erosion factor C 2 Assign 1.
TABLE 3 coastal erosion vulnerability
The exposure degree is evaluated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein EI is exposure index, C 1 As an interference level factor, the degree of interference,for interference factor weight, C 2 For coastal erosion factor, < >>Weighting coastal erosion factors.
And S5, developing sensitivity evaluation, and obtaining a sensitivity index VI pixel by pixel based on zooplankton diversity, large benthonic animal diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat identification and special protection value ecosystem.
According to characteristics of the coastal beach marine ecosystem, indexes capable of reflecting biological sensitivity (probability of protecting living things), habitat sensitivity (water environment and deposition environment) and structural sensitivity (phytoplankton diversity) of the intertidal zone are selected to construct a coastal beach sensitivity index system. 6 indexes such as plankton diversity, benthonic diversity, whether the plankton is a rare or endangered species habitat, a migratory channel of a bird and a three-field one-channel distribution area of important economic fishes are selected.
The sensitivity evaluation method is as follows:
the phytoplankton diversity is evaluated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein H' is Shanon-Weaver diversity index value, R is the total number of species, P r Represents the ratio of the number of individuals of the r-th species to the total number of all individuals.
Calculating the zooplankton diversity index, the large benthonic animal diversity index and the swimming animal diversity index according to the formula 3. The obtained phytoplankton diversity index was based on the phytoplankton diversity C in Table 4 3 Evaluation and assignment were performed to give zooplankton diversity index according to Table 4 for zooplankton diversity C 4 Evaluation and assignment were performed to obtain a large benthonic animal diversity index for the large benthonic animal diversity C according to Table 4 5 Evaluation and assignment were performed to obtain swimming animal diversity index according to Table 4 for swimming animal diversity C 6 And performing evaluation assignment. For important habitat C 7 Evaluating important habitats including habitats of rare endangered species, migratory bird migration channels and "three-field one-channel" distribution areas, if the grid elements are within the range of the important habitat area, important habitat C 7 Assigning a value of 5, otherwise important habitat C 7 1. Other special ecosystem C 8 Evaluating, if the grid unit is located within the important habitat area, other special ecosystems C 8 Assigned a value of 5, otherwise other special ecosystem C 8 1.
Sensitivity was evaluated and the calculation formula was:
wherein VI is the sensitivity index,represents the ith 2 Weights of C 3 、C 4 、C 5 、C 6 、C 7 、C 8 Respectively phytoplankton diversity, zooplankton diversity, large benthonic animal diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat and other special ecological systems. />
TABLE 4 sensitivity assignment criteria
And S6, carrying out fitness evaluation, and obtaining a fitness index (AI) pixel by pixel based on chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density and larval fish density.
Fitness refers to the ability of the ecosystem to cope with external pressure, mainly due to the fact that the structural properties of the beach determine the restoration capacity of the ecosystem. The fitness reflects the self-regulation capacity of the ecological system, and indexes of chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish eggs and fish fry density are selected.
The fitness index evaluation method comprises the following steps:
assigning values of pixel values after chlorophyll a concentration interpolation according to Table 5 to obtain chlorophyll a concentration factor C 9 。
Assigning pixel values after interpolation of zooplankton density according to Table 5 to obtain zooplankton density factor C 10 。
Assigning pixel values after interpolation of the fish egg density according to Table 5 to obtain a fish egg density factor C 11 。
Pixel value after interpolation of larval fish densityAssigning values according to Table 5 to obtain a larval fish density factor C 12 。
Table 5 fitness assignment criteria
Note that: and B, determining that if the sampled data is spring B, the value is 10, and if the sampled data is summer B, the value is 5.
And evaluating the adaptability, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein AI is an fitness index,represents the ith 3 Weights of C 9 、C 10 、C 11 、C 12 The concentration factor of chlorophyll a, the density factor of zooplankton, the density factor of fish eggs and the density factor of fish fries are respectively.
And step S7, weighting calculation is carried out to obtain the marine ecological vulnerability assessment index and the vulnerability grade through the exposure index obtained in the step S4, the sensitivity index obtained in the step S5 and the fitness index obtained in the step S6.
Vulnerability consists of three dimensions of exposure, sensitivity and fitness. Exposure represents an extrinsic risk involved in the development of the ecosystem. Sensitivity from the perspective of biological and habitat sensitivity, the index selection considers biological and habitat sensitivity. Fitness is the ability of the ecosystem to cope with actual or expected stress. The ecological vulnerability index consists of two positive indicators and one negative indicator, the exposure and sensitivity play a positive role in vulnerability, and the fitness play a negative role. The calculation formula is as follows:
EVI＝EI+VI+AI (6)
wherein, EVI is a biological fragile comprehensive index. EI. VI, AI are exposure index, sensitivity index, fitness index, respectively.
Marine vulnerabilities are classified into 5 classes of extreme vulnerability, high vulnerability, medium vulnerability, low vulnerability and non-vulnerability, wherein extreme vulnerability: 4.21-5.0, high friability: 3.41-4.2, medium fragile: 2.61-3.4, low friability: 1.81-2.6, not fragile: 1-1.8.
The coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation system comprises an input module, an evaluation index weight calculation module, an exposure degree evaluation module, a sensitivity evaluation module, an adaptability evaluation module, a vulnerability grade module and an output module, wherein:
the input module is used for inputting basic data of a research area, preprocessing the data and unifying the data to the same grid pixel size.
The evaluation index weight calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining weight vectors of all indexes.
The exposure degree evaluation module is used for obtaining an exposure degree index EI according to the interference degree in the basic data input into the research area and the coastal erosion and the weight vector calculated by the evaluation index weight calculation module.
The sensitivity evaluation module is used for obtaining a sensitivity index VI according to the zooplankton diversity, large benthonic animal diversity, swimming animal diversity, ecosystem for identifying important habitats and special protection values in the basic data input into the research area and the weight vector calculated by the evaluation index weight calculation module.
The fitness evaluation module is used for obtaining a fitness index AI according to chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density and larval fish density in basic data input into the research area and the weight vector calculated by the evaluation index weight calculation module.
The vulnerability grade module is used for obtaining an ecological vulnerability comprehensive index according to the exposure index EI, the sensitivity index VI and the fitness index AI through weighted calculation, and obtaining the vulnerability grade according to the ecological vulnerability comprehensive index.
The output module is used for outputting the obtained vulnerability grade.
As shown in FIG. 3, the evaluation result diagram of the ecological vulnerability of the Jiangsu coastal beach in the embodiment of the application is more objective, and the evaluation indexes fully consider the interference of ocean development activities on the ecological vulnerability and the sensitivity of important habitats.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the application, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the application.
Claims (3)
1. The coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, constructing a coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation index system based on exposure, sensitivity and fitness; the constructed coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation index system comprises the following evaluation indexes: disturbance degree, coastal erosion rate, phytoplankton diversity, zooplankton diversity, large zoobenthos diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat, ecosystem of special protection value, chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density, larval fish density; step S2, calculating an evaluation index weight, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S21: selection ofExpert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches, for +.>The individual indexes are evaluated and weighted, and an index weight matrix is constructed>；/> wherein ,/>Indicate->Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches>The evaluation of the individual indicators weights i=1, 2,3, …, n, j=1, 2,3, …, m;
step S22: calculating the average weight of the expert group by adopting an average value method;
wherein ,/>Indicate->Average weights of the individual indicators; step S23: calculating the deviation degree between the single expert assignment weight and other expert weights; /> wherein ,/>Indicate->Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches>Evaluation of individual indicators rights,>indicate->Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches>Evaluation of individual indicators rights,>the representation is for->Person index->Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches>Evaluation of individual indicators rights,>for->Person index->Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches>Evaluation of individual indicators rights,>indicate->Bit expert for->Assigning weights to individual metrics and othersDegree of deviation between expert weights, +.>Indicate->Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches>Evaluation of individual indicators rights,>indicate->Expert in the field of evaluation of vulnerability of coastal beaches>Evaluation of individual indicators rights,>indicate->Average weight of individual indicators +.>；
Step S24: calculating degree of deviation between expertsAnd do->Normalizing the deviation degree of the weight evaluation of the bit expert to obtain a weight influence factor +.>；/> Step S25: according to->Evaluation weight matrix of the bit expert>Influence factor of binding weight->Finally get->Weight vector of individual indicators->； Representation->A weight vector of each index; step S3, collecting basic data of a research area, preprocessing the data, unifying the data to the same grid pixel size, and facilitating space operation; the collected basic data comprise ocean basic geography, sea area development and utilization, coastline, phytoplankton, zooplankton, large benthonic animals, swimming animals, chlorophyll a, fish egg larva fish density monitoring data, important habitat distribution of a rare endangered species habitat and ecosystem data of special protection value of an important wetland;
s4, carrying out exposure evaluation, carrying out interference and coast erosion evaluation, and obtaining evaluation pixel by pixelA valence unit exposure index EI; the exposure evaluation includes interference factor C 1 And coastal erosion factor C 2 ；
Interference factor C 1 Evaluating, and carrying out assignment determination according to the sea area use type and the topography and landform features; the undeveloped shallow sea water area outside the 0m equal depth line is used as the non-interference, and is assigned as 1; the low interference is assigned as 2, the middle interference is assigned as 2, and the low interference is assigned as 1, wherein the low interference is the sea area from the coastline to the 0m equal depth line, and the middle interference is assigned as the sea for open culture, the sea for artificial fish reef and the sea for coast protection engineering; the strong interference of the shoreline to the fish, shrimp and crab culture sea areas in the 0m equal-depth line and the girth culture sea areas outside the 0m equal-depth line is assigned as 4; the sea for fishery foundation construction, industrial sea, transportation sea, travel and entertainment sea, sea for submarine engineering, sewage dumping sea and sea for land making engineering are used as extremely strong interference, and the value is 5;
to coast erosion factor C 2 The evaluation is carried out, and the calculation formula is as follows: （1）
wherein D1 and D2 are coastline locations at times T1 and T2, respectively,representing coastal erosion rate; for silt quality of silt, the coastal erosion rate is more than or equal to 10m/a, the coastal erosion factor C 2 Assigning a value of 5; for silt, the coastal erosion rate is 1-10 m/a, and the coastal erosion factor is C 2 Assigning 3; for silt, the coastal erosion rate is less than 1.0m/a, the coastal erosion factor C 2 Assigning 1; for sandy shorelines, the coast erosion rate is more than or equal to 2.0m/a, the coast erosion factor C 2 Assigning a value of 5; for sandy shorelines, the coast erosion rate is 0.5-2.0 m/a, the coast erosion factor C 2 Assigning 3; for sandy shorelines, the coastal erosion rate is less than 0.5m/a, the coastal erosion factor C 2 Assigning 1;
the exposure degree is evaluated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein EI is exposure index, C 1 As an interference level factor, the degree of interference,for interference factor weight, C 2 For coastal erosion factor, < >>Weighting coastal erosion factors;
s5, developing sensitivity evaluation, and obtaining a sensitivity index VI pixel by pixel based on zooplankton diversity, large benthonic animal diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat identification and an ecological system with special protection value;
the sensitivity evaluation method is as follows:
the phytoplankton diversity is evaluated, and the calculation formula is as follows: （3）
in the formula ,for Shanon-Weaver diversity index value,/->For the total number of species->Indicate->The ratio of individual species individuals to the total number of all individuals;
TABLE 4 sensitivity assignment criteria
Calculating a zooplankton diversity index, a large benthonic animal diversity index and a swimming animal diversity index according to the formula (3); the obtained phytoplankton diversity index was based on the phytoplankton diversity C in Table 4 3 Evaluation and assignment were performed to give zooplankton diversity index according to Table 4 for zooplankton diversity C 4 Evaluation and assignment were performed to obtain a large benthonic animal diversity index for the large benthonic animal diversity C according to Table 4 5 Evaluation and assignment were performed to obtain swimming animal diversity index according to Table 4 for swimming animal diversity C 6 Performing evaluation and assignment; for important habitat C 7 Evaluating important habitats including habitats of rare endangered species, migratory bird migration channels and "three-field one-channel" distribution areas, if the grid elements are within the range of the important habitat area, important habitat C 7 Assigning a value of 5, otherwise important habitat C 7 1 is shown in the specification; other special ecosystem C 8 Evaluating, if the grid unit is located within the important habitat area, other special ecosystems C 8 Assigned a value of 5, otherwise other special ecosystem C 8 1 is shown in the specification;
sensitivity was evaluated and the calculation formula was: （4）
wherein ,for sensitivity index>Indicate->Weights of C 3 、C 4 、C 5 、C 6 、C 7 、C 8 Respectively, zooplankton diversity, large zoobenthos diversity, swimming animal diversity, important habitat and other specialAn ecosystem;
step S6, carrying out fitness evaluation, and obtaining a fitness index AI pixel by pixel based on chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density and larval fish density;
the fitness evaluation method comprises the following steps:
assigning values of pixel values after chlorophyll a concentration interpolation according to Table 5 to obtain chlorophyll a concentration factor C 9 ；
Assigning pixel values after interpolation of zooplankton density according to Table 5 to obtain zooplankton density factor C 10 ；
Assigning pixel values after interpolation of the fish egg density according to Table 5 to obtain a fish egg density factor C 11 ；
Assigning pixel values after the density interpolation of the fries according to a table 5 to obtain a fries density factor C 12 ；
Table 5 fitness assignment criteria
And evaluating the adaptability, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:wherein AI is fitness index, ++>Indicate->Weights of C 9 、C 10 、C 11 、C 12 Chlorophyll a concentration factor, zooplankton density factor, fish egg density factor and fish larvae density factor respectively; step S7, obtaining an ecological vulnerability comprehensive index through weighted calculation of the exposure index obtained in the step S4, the sensitivity index obtained in the step S5 and the fitness index obtained in the step S6, and obtaining a vulnerability grade according to the ecological vulnerability comprehensive index; comprehensive index of ecological vulnerabilityThe EVI calculation formula is: /> （6）
Wherein, EVI is a biological fragile comprehensive index; EI. VI, AI are exposure index, sensitivity index, fitness index, respectively.
2. The coastal beach ecological vulnerability assessment method according to claim 1, wherein: marine ecology vulnerability is classified into 5 grades of extremely fragile, high fragile, medium fragile, low fragile and non-fragile in step S7, wherein extremely fragile: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 4.21-5.0; high weakness: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 3.41-4.2; is fragile: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 2.61-3.4; low friability: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 1.81-2.6; not fragile: the ecological weakness comprehensive index is 1-1.8.
3. An evaluation system based on the coastal beach ecological vulnerability evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the system comprises an input module, an evaluation index weight calculation module, an exposure degree evaluation module, a sensitivity evaluation module, an adaptability evaluation module, a vulnerability grade module and an output module, wherein:
the input module is used for inputting basic data of a research area, preprocessing the data and unifying the data to the same grid pixel size;
the evaluation index weight calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining weight vectors of all indexes;
the exposure degree evaluation module is used for obtaining an exposure degree index EI according to the interference degree in the basic data input into the research area and the coastal erosion and the weight vector calculated by the evaluation index weight calculation module;
the sensitivity evaluation module is used for obtaining a sensitivity index VI according to the zooplankton diversity, large benthonic animal diversity, swimming animal diversity, ecosystem for identifying important habitats and special protection values in the basic data input into the research area and the weight vector calculated by the evaluation index weight calculation module;
the fitness evaluation module is used for obtaining a fitness index AI according to chlorophyll a concentration, zooplankton density, fish egg density and larval fish density in basic data input into the research area and the weight vector calculated by the evaluation index weight calculation module;
the vulnerability grade module is used for obtaining an ecological vulnerability comprehensive index according to the exposure index EI, the sensitivity index VI and the fitness index AI through weighted calculation, and obtaining a vulnerability grade according to the ecological vulnerability comprehensive index;
the output module is used for outputting the obtained vulnerability grade.
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