CN115560029B - Swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system and design method thereof - Google Patents
Swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
- F16F15/0232—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means with at least one gas spring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/046—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means using combinations of springs of different kinds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/06—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs
- F16F15/067—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs using only wound springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/06—Stiffness
- F16F2228/063—Negative stiffness
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Abstract
The application provides a swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system and a design method, wherein the swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system comprises a base part, and an installation space is arranged in the base part; the buffer frame is movably connected to the base part through the first vibration reduction assembly and is positioned in the installation space; the workbench is movably connected to the buffer frame through a second vibration reduction assembly; the first vibration reduction assemblies are at least two and are respectively positioned at two ends of the first preset direction and are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode; the first vibration damping assembly includes: one end of the first upper swing arm part is movably connected to the base part along a first preset direction, and the other end of the first upper swing arm part is movably arranged on the buffer frame along the first preset direction; a first elastic supporting part, one end of which is connected to the base part and the other end is connected to the first upper swing arm part, the first elastic supporting part being inclined to the first upper swing arm part; the second vibration reduction assemblies are at least two, are respectively positioned at two ends of the first preset direction and are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode. The problems of complex structure and high cost of the existing active vibration isolation system are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of vibration reduction devices, in particular to a swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system and a design method thereof.
Background
Vibration problems are generally existed in the working process of the mechanical system, the stability of the working of the mechanical system can be affected by low-frequency vibration, and the fatigue life of the mechanical system can be affected by high-frequency vibration. Therefore, vibration control of mechanical systems is increasingly being appreciated by researchers. Vibration isolation technology is one of the important measures for vibration control of mechanical systems, and has been widely applied to the fields of automobiles, aerospace, electronic appliances, buildings and the like. The vibration isolation technology is divided into a passive vibration isolation technology and an active vibration isolation technology. The passive vibration isolation technology realizes vibration isolation in the process of vibration transmission through reasonable matching design of the elastic element and the damping element, and is suitable for medium-high frequency vibration control; the passive vibration isolation system has simple structure and lower cost, and has been widely used; however, once the passive vibration isolation technology is designed, structural parameters are not easy to modify, and broadband vibration isolation cannot be realized. The active vibration isolation technology utilizes a feedback control system and an actuator to change the inherent characteristics of a mechanical system so as to realize active vibration isolation; the active vibration isolation technology has obvious advantages in the aspect of low-frequency vibration control.
However, the feedback control system in the active vibration isolation technology needs to have extremely high sensitivity and accuracy, the structure of the active vibration isolation system is also relatively complex, the cost is relatively high, and the factors limit the popularization and application of the active vibration isolation technology.
Accordingly, the prior art is still in need of improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system and a design method thereof, and solve the problems of the prior art that the structure of an active vibration isolation system is complex, the cost is high, and the popularization and the application of the active vibration isolation technology are limited.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the application is as follows:
the application provides a swing arm type multistage vibration damping system, including: a base portion; an installation space is arranged in the base part;
the buffer frame is movably connected to the base part through the first vibration reduction assembly and is positioned in the installation space;
the workbench is movably connected to the buffer frame through the second vibration reduction assembly;
the first vibration reduction assemblies are at least two and are respectively positioned at two ends of the first preset direction and are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode; the first vibration damping assembly includes:
one end of the first upper swing arm part is movably connected to the base part along a first preset direction, and the other end of the first upper swing arm part is movably arranged on the buffer frame along the first preset direction;
the first elastic supporting part is connected with the base part at one end and the first upper swing arm part at the other end, and is inclined to the first upper swing arm part;
the second vibration reduction assemblies are at least two, are respectively positioned at two ends of the first preset direction and are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode.
Optionally, the base part is provided with a first kidney-shaped hole, and the buffer frame is provided with a second kidney-shaped hole;
the first upper swing arm portion includes:
a swing arm lever;
the rotating shafts are connected to the two ends of the swing arm rod, and the swing arm rod is respectively connected with the first kidney-shaped hole and the second kidney-shaped hole through the rotating shafts at the two ends;
the elastic air bags are filled in the first kidney-shaped holes and the second kidney-shaped holes.
Optionally, the first vibration damping assembly further includes a first swing arm portion movably connected to the base portion and the buffer frame;
the first lower swing arm part and the first upper swing arm part are arranged at intervals along the up-down direction.
Optionally, a connecting seat is arranged on the base part, and the first kidney-shaped hole is arranged on the connecting seat;
clamping grooves are respectively formed in two ends of the swing arm rod, the clamping grooves are sleeved on the connecting seat, and the rotating shaft penetrates through the clamping grooves and the first kidney-shaped holes.
Optionally, the buffer frame includes: the cross-shaped frame body is provided with a transverse protruding frame extending along a second preset direction and protruding, and a longitudinal protruding frame extending along a first preset direction and protruding;
the transverse protruding frames are positioned between two sides of the first preset direction and the base part to form first installation cavities respectively, and the symmetrically arranged first vibration reduction assemblies are positioned in the first installation cavities at two sides respectively;
the workbench comprises a connecting framework, the connecting framework extends along the upper and lower directions, and the second vibration reduction assemblies located at the two ends of the first preset direction are connected with the connecting framework and the longitudinal protruding frame.
Optionally, the second vibration reduction assembly is identical in structure to the first vibration reduction assembly.
Optionally, the workbench further comprises:
the table top is arranged vertically to the connecting framework;
and the vertical elastic supporting part is connected between the connecting framework and the table top.
Optionally, the first elastic supporting portion is a spring;
the vertical elastic supporting part is a spring.
Based on the same conception, the application also provides a design method of the swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system, which is applied to the swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
according to the preset excitation frequency, setting a primary system natural frequency, a secondary system natural frequency and a tertiary system natural frequency which are matched with the excitation frequency, wherein the set formulas are as follows:
wherein f 0 Is a preset excitation frequency f 1 Is the first order natural frequency, f 2 Is the secondary natural frequency f 3 Is three-level natural frequency;
according to the natural frequency of the primary system, the bearing mass of the first vibration reduction assembly, the number of the first elastic supporting parts and the first installation angle of the first elastic supporting parts, the rigidity of the first elastic supporting parts is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein K is 01 Is a first elasticityRigidity of the support part M 1 Is the load-bearing mass of the first vibration-damping component, n 1 Is the number of the first elastic supporting parts, f 1 Is the first order natural frequency alpha 1 Is a first mounting angle;
according to the natural frequency of the secondary system, the bearing mass of the second vibration reduction assembly, the number of the second elastic supporting parts and the second installation angle of the second elastic supporting parts, the rigidity of the second elastic supporting parts is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein K is 02 Is the rigidity of the second elastic supporting part, M 2 Is the load-bearing mass of the first vibration-damping component, n 2 Is the number of the first elastic supporting parts, f 2 Is the secondary natural frequency alpha 2 Is a second mounting angle;
according to the natural frequency of the three-stage system, the mass of the table top and the number of the vertical elastic supporting parts, the rigidity of the vertical elastic supporting parts is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein K is 03 Is the rigidity of the vertical elastic support part, M 3 Is the mass of the table top, n 3 Is the number of the vertical elastic supporting parts, f 3 Is three-level natural frequency;
according to the length of the base part, the length of the first upper swing arm part and the length of the second upper swing arm part are determined, and the calculation formula is as follows:
L 1 ＝ξ 1 ·L，L 2 ＝ξ 2 ·L
in zeta 1 Is a proportional coefficient with a value range of 0.3 to 0.8, L 1 The length of the first upper swing arm part is L, the preset length of the base part in the first preset direction, and ζ 2 Is a proportional coefficient with a value range of 0.2 to 0.6, L 2 Is the length of the second upper swing arm partA degree;
when the base portion is vibrated to generate a Z-directional displacement Dz (t) in the height direction, the first upper swing arm portion generates a Y-directional displacement in a first preset direction, and the first upper swing arm portion is assumed to rotate around a connection point in the first kidney-shaped hole as a fulcrum, and the displacement in the height direction generated by the first upper swing arm portion in the second kidney-shaped hole is D z (t) calculating the displacement D of the first upper swing arm part in the first preset direction y The calculation formula is as follows:
by displacement D of the first upper swing arm part in a first preset direction y The clearance lambda of the elastic air bag is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system and the design method thereof have the beneficial effects that: the lower end of the first elastic supporting part is fixed on the base part, the upper end of the first elastic supporting part is fixed on the first upper swinging arm part, and the first elastic supporting part and the buffer frame are movably connected through the first upper swinging arm part, so that a compound motion form is formed between the first elastic supporting part and the buffer frame; the outer side of the second vibration reduction assembly is movably connected to the buffer frame, the inner side of the second vibration reduction assembly is connected to the workbench, and a compound motion form is formed between the second vibration reduction assembly and the workbench; and the second vibration reduction assembly is connected to the buffer frame and the second upper swing arm to realize the buffer vibration reduction effect. Because the first vibration reduction assembly is movably connected with the second vibration reduction assembly, when the vibration is received, the composite motion form is expressed as follows: the swing arm generates compound motions of Y direction, Z direction and Rx direction. In the motion process of the swing arm (the first upper swing arm part), the inclination angle of the elastic supporting part (the first elastic supporting part) can be changed, the rigidity of the system can be changed, the nonlinear characteristic is presented, the good vibration reduction effect is realized, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low. The multistage vibration damping system with swing arms, negative rigidity and wide frequency band is invented according to the vibration theory and the dynamics simulation technology, the limitation of the existing vibration isolation technology is solved, and the multistage vibration damping system has higher applicability and operability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following description will briefly introduce the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a swing arm type multistage vibration damping system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first stage vibration damping of a swing arm type multistage vibration damping system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second stage vibration damping and a third stage vibration damping of a swing arm type multistage vibration damping system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing vibration acceleration data of a swing arm type multistage vibration damping system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing displacement acceleration data of a swing arm type multistage vibration damping system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a graph showing vibration isolation ratio comparison of a swing arm type multistage vibration damping system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, each reference sign in the figure:
100. a base portion; 110. an installation space; 111. a first mounting cavity; 120. an upper support frame; 121. a first connection base; 122. a first kidney-shaped aperture; 130. a lower support frame; 140. a support leg; 200. a buffer frame; 210. a second connecting seat; 211. a second kidney-shaped aperture; 220. a cross-shaped frame body; 221. a transverse projection frame; 222. a longitudinal projection frame; 223. hollow areas; 300. a work table; 310. connecting a framework; 320. a table top; 330. a vertical elastic support portion; 400. a first vibration damping assembly; 410. a first upper swing arm portion; 411. a swing arm lever; 412. a rotating shaft; 413. an elastic air bag; 420. a first elastic support portion; 430. a first swing arm portion; 500. and a second vibration reduction assembly.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. The directions or positions indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are directions or positions based on the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and are not to be construed as limiting the present technical solution. The terms "first," "second," and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. The meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example 1
Please refer to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3; the present embodiment provides a swing arm type multistage vibration damping system, which includes a base portion 100, a buffer frame 200, a workbench 300, a first vibration damping assembly 400 and a second vibration damping assembly 500; the base part 100 is internally provided with an installation space 110, the buffer frame 200 can be movably positioned in the installation space 110, one end of the first vibration reduction assembly 400 is connected to the base part 100, and the other end of the first vibration reduction assembly 400 is connected with the buffer frame 200, so that the buffer frame 200 is movably connected to the base part 100 through the first vibration reduction assembly 400; one end of the second vibration reduction assembly 500 is connected to the buffer frame 200, and the other end is connected to the table 300, so that the table 300 is movably connected to the buffer frame 200 through the second vibration reduction assembly 500. The first vibration reduction assemblies 400 are at least two, are respectively positioned at two ends of the first preset direction and are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode. For convenience of structural description, the whole swing arm type multistage vibration damping system is vertically arranged, the workbench 300 is located above the base part 100, the first preset direction is the left-right direction, and the two first vibration damping assemblies 400 are respectively arranged at two ends of the left-right direction of the base part 100. The first vibration damping assembly 400 in this embodiment specifically includes: a first upper swing arm portion 410, and a first elastic support portion 420. One end of the first upper swing arm part 410 is movably connected to the base part 100 in a first preset direction, and the other end is movably disposed on the buffer frame 200 in the first preset direction; specifically, the first upper swing arm portion 410 extends in the left-right direction, one end of the first elastic supporting portion 420 is connected to the base portion 100, the other end is connected to the first upper swing arm portion 410, and the first elastic supporting portion 420 is inclined to the first upper swing arm portion 410; the same structure is used at both sides to connect the base part 100 and the buffer frame 200, thereby forming a primary buffer structure. The second vibration damping assemblies 500 in this embodiment are at least two, and are respectively located at two ends of the first preset direction and are arranged in a mirror symmetry manner. The same second vibration reduction assembly 500 is used at both sides to connect the table 300 and the buffer frame 200, thereby forming a secondary buffer structure. The first elastic supporting portion 420 in this embodiment is a spring, and adopts a simple spring structure, so as to simplify the buffer structure.
In the above embodiment, the first vibration damping assemblies 400 are respectively disposed on two sides of the base portion 100 in the first preset direction, so that the lower end of the first elastic supporting portion 420 is fixed on the base portion 100, the upper end is fixed on the first upper swing arm portion 410, and the first upper swing arm portion 410 is movably connected with the buffer frame 200, so that a composite motion form is formed therebetween; the outer side of the second vibration reduction assembly 500 is movably connected to the buffer frame 200, the inner side of the second vibration reduction assembly 500 is connected to the workbench 300, and a compound motion form is formed between the second vibration reduction assembly 500 and the workbench 300; and is connected to the buffer frame 200 and the table 300 through the second vibration reduction assembly 500 to achieve a buffer vibration reduction effect. Since first vibration reduction assembly 400 and second vibration reduction assembly 500 are movably coupled, when subjected to vibration, the composite motion pattern is represented as: the swing arm is caused to perform a combined motion of the Y direction (movement in the left-right direction), the Z direction (movement in the up-down direction), and the Rx direction (rotation around the front-rear direction). In the moving process of the swing arm (the first upper swing arm 410), the inclination angle of the elastic supporting part (the first elastic supporting part 420) can be changed, the rigidity of the system can be changed, the nonlinear characteristic is presented, the good vibration reduction effect is realized, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low. The multistage vibration damping system with swing arms, negative rigidity and wide frequency band is invented according to the vibration theory and the dynamics simulation technology, the limitation of the existing vibration isolation technology is solved, and the multistage vibration damping system has higher applicability and operability.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, the base portion 100 in the present embodiment includes: the upper support frame 120 located above, the lower support frame 130 located below, and the legs 140, the legs 140 are disposed in plurality, the legs 140 extend along the up-down direction, and the plurality of legs 140 are respectively connected with the upper support frame 120 and the lower support frame 130, for example, the upper support frame 120 and the lower support frame 130 are both in quadrilateral structures and all enclose an installation space 110, and the legs 140 are respectively connected at four corners of the two to form a complete base portion 100. A first connection seat 121 is provided on an inner sidewall of the upper support frame 120 in the left-right direction, a first kidney-shaped hole 122 is provided on the first connection seat 121, and the first kidney-shaped hole 122 is extended in the left-right direction. In addition, a second connection seat 210 is also provided on the buffer frame 200, and a second kidney-shaped hole 211 is provided on the second connection seat 210, and the second kidney-shaped hole 211 is provided to extend in the left-right direction. The first upper swing arm portion 410 specifically includes: swing arm 411, shaft 412, and elastic bladder 413. The rotation shafts 412 are connected to two ends of the swing arm 411, and the swing arm 411 is connected to the first kidney-shaped hole 122 and the second kidney-shaped hole 211 through the rotation shafts 412 at two ends, so that two ends of the swing arm 411 are respectively movably connected to the buffer frame 200 and the base 100, the swing arm 411 can move properly in the left-right direction and the up-down direction during the vibration process, the elastic air bag 413 is filled in the first kidney-shaped hole 122 and the second kidney-shaped hole 211, specifically, the up-down direction of the rotation shaft 412 is abutted against the inner wall of the first kidney-shaped hole 122 or the second kidney-shaped hole 211, a gap exists between the inner wall of the first kidney-shaped hole 122 or the inner wall of the second kidney-shaped hole 211 in the left-right direction and the rotation shaft 412, the elastic air bag 413 of the first kidney-shaped hole 122 is filled in the gap at two sides to buffer the movement of the swing arm 411 in the left-right direction, and direct impact of the rotation shaft 412 and the first kidney-shaped hole 122 or the second kidney-shaped hole 211 is avoided during the vibration. One end of the first elastic supporting portion 420 is connected to the lower supporting frame 130, and the other end is connected to the swing arm rod 411, so that the first elastic supporting portion 420 is obliquely arranged to form a primary vibration reduction structure. In the primary vibration damping structure, the vibration process causes the swing arm lever 411 of the first upper swing arm portion 410 to perform a combined motion in the Y direction, the Z direction, and the Rx direction. In the movement process of the first upper swing arm 410, the inclination angle of the first elastic supporting part 420 is changed, the rigidity of the system is changed, the nonlinear characteristic is presented, the good vibration reduction effect is realized, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the first vibration damping assembly 400 in the present embodiment further includes a first swing arm 430, and the first swing arm 430 and the first upper swing arm 410 are disposed at intervals in the up-down direction and may be located directly under the first upper swing arm 410. The first swing arm 430 movably connects the base portion 100 and the buffer frame 200; in a specific structure, the lower support frame 130 is also provided with a first connecting seat 121, and the buffer frame 200 is correspondingly provided with a second connecting seat 210, and waist-shaped holes are also formed on the connecting seats to connect the first lower swing arm 430. The up and down directions are respectively connected through the first upper swing arm part 410 and the first lower swing arm part 430, so that the stress of the buffer frame 200 in the up and down directions is stable during vibration, the buffer frame 200 is prevented from being excessively deviated during vibration, the buffer frame 200 can vibrate in a small range along the up and down directions and the left and right directions, and the vibration intensity is effectively reduced.
The first swing arm 430 and the first upper swing arm 410 are arranged in a staggered manner in the front-rear direction, and the first swing arm 430 and the first upper swing arm 410 are respectively supported at different positions in the front-rear direction of the buffer frame 200, so that the impact force received by the buffer frame 200 is more dispersed, the impact force received by the buffer frame 200 locally during the vibration process is reduced, and the vibration intensity received by the buffer frame 200 can be reduced.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, two ends of the swing arm 411 in this embodiment are respectively provided with a clamping groove, wherein the clamping groove at one end is sleeved on the first connecting seat 121, the clamping groove at the other end is sleeved on the second connecting seat 210, and the rotating shafts 412 at two ends are respectively inserted into the clamping groove and the first kidney-shaped hole 122, and the clamping groove and the second kidney-shaped hole 211.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the buffer frame 200 in the present embodiment specifically includes a cross-shaped frame body 220, the cross-shaped frame body 220 having a lateral protruding frame 221 extending and protruding in a second predetermined direction (front-rear direction), and a longitudinal protruding frame 222 extending and protruding in a first predetermined direction (left-right direction), the lateral protruding frame 221 and the longitudinal protruding frame 222 forming a cross-shaped structure, and a hollowed-out area 223 being formed in the middle. The transverse protruding frames 221 are located between two sides of the first preset direction and the inner wall of the base portion 100 to form first installation cavities 111 respectively, and the symmetrically arranged first vibration reduction assemblies 400 are located in the first installation cavities 111 on two sides respectively. In a specific structure, the transverse protruding frame 221 and the longitudinal protruding frame 222 each include an upper portion and a lower portion, wherein the upper portion and the lower portion are connected by a column, so that the cross-shaped frame 220 has a certain height in the up-down direction. So that the first upper swing arm portion 410 of one first vibration damping assembly 400 is located at the upper portion of the first mounting chamber 111 and the first lower swing arm portion 430 is located at the lower portion of the first mounting chamber 111. The other symmetrical first vibration reduction assembly 400 is positioned in the first mounting cavity 111 at the other side, so that a symmetrical structure is formed.
The mounting positions of the upper end points of the springs of the first and second vibration damping assemblies 400 and 500 in this embodiment are selected between the two end points of the swing arm lever 411 and are adjustably mounted. When the frequency of the excitation source changes in a small amplitude, the natural frequency of the system is adjusted by changing the position of the upper endpoint; when the frequency of the excitation source changes greatly, springs with different stiffness can be replaced to change the natural frequency of the system; thereby realizing the improvement of the self-adaptive capacity of the vibration reduction system.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the workbench 300 in this embodiment includes a connection frame 310, the connection frame 310 is located in a central clearance area of the letter-shaped frame 220, the connection frame 310 extends in an up-down direction, and the second vibration damping assemblies 500 located at two ends of the first preset direction are connected to the connection frame 310 and the longitudinal protruding frame 222. In a specific structure, the second vibration damping assembly 500 has the same structure as the first vibration damping assembly 400, that is, the second vibration damping assembly 500 also includes an upper swing arm, a lower swing arm, and a spring. The upper swing arm is connected with the connecting framework 310 and the buffer frame 200 through waist-shaped holes, and elastic air bags are filled in gaps of the waist-shaped holes. The connection between the buffer frame 200 and the connection frame 310 can be simply realized by adopting the structure, and the springs of the second vibration reduction assembly 500 are also obliquely arranged, one end of each spring is connected to the buffer frame 200, and the other end is connected to the upper swing arm, so that a secondary vibration reduction structure is formed together with the upper swing arm. In the secondary vibration reduction structure, the upper swing arm generates compound motions of Y direction, Z direction and Rx direction. In the motion process of the upper swing arm part, the inclination angle of the spring can be changed, the rigidity of the system can be changed, the nonlinear characteristic is presented, the good vibration reduction effect is realized, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the workbench 300 in this embodiment further includes: a mesa 320 and a vertical spring support 330. The table top 320 is vertically disposed with the connection frame 310, and the vertical elastic support 330 is connected between the connection frame 310 and the table top 320. The vertical elastic support 330 in this embodiment is a spring. The three-stage vibration reduction structure is formed by the vertical elastic support portion 330, and when vibrating, the vibration process is transferred to the elastic support portion, and the vibration effect is reduced by the buffering of the elastic support portion. The vibration is thus damped by the above structure, and the vibration intensity is greatly reduced in the process of transmitting the vibration from the base portion 100 to the top 320 of the table 300.
The vibration damping process of the swing arm type multistage vibration damping system of the embodiment is as follows: the vibration source is directly transferred to the base part 100, the vibration on the base part 100 is transferred to the buffer frame 200 through the first upper swing arm part 410, the first lower swing arm part 430 and the first elastic support part 420, and the vibration of the buffer frame 200 is transferred to the connection frame 310 of the workbench 300 through the upper swing arm, the lower swing arm and the springs in the second vibration damping assembly 500; vibration on the connection frame 310 is transmitted to the top 320 of the table 300 through the elastic support portion; thereby realizing three-level vibration reduction.
Example two
Based on the same conception, the present embodiment also provides a design method of a swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system, which is applied to the swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system in the first embodiment. Wherein the total rigidity of the primary vibration reduction structure is K 1 The bearing mass is M 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The total rigidity of the secondary vibration reduction structure is K 2 The bearing mass is M 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The total rigidity of the three-stage vibration reduction structure is K 3 The bearing mass is M 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When M 1 、M 2 And M is as follows 3 Equivalent total stiffness of the system at relative rest K 11 Calculated according to the formula (1).
The natural frequency of the primary vibration reduction structure is f 1 Calculated according to the formula (2).
The natural frequency of the secondary vibration reduction structure is f 2 Calculated according to the formula (3).
The natural frequency of the three-stage vibration reduction structure is f 3 Calculated according to the formula (4).
Therefore, the design method of the swing arm type multistage vibration reduction system comprises the following steps:
step S100, setting a primary system natural frequency, a secondary system natural frequency and a tertiary system natural frequency which are matched with the excitation frequency according to the preset excitation frequency, wherein a set formula is as follows:
wherein f 0 Is a preset excitation frequency f 1 Is the primary natural frequency f of the primary vibration reduction structure 2 Is the secondary natural frequency f of the secondary vibration reduction structure 3 Is the three-level natural frequency of the three-level vibration reduction structure; to prevent resonance, f 0 、f 1 、f 2 、f 3 The relationship between them is shown in formula (5).
wherein K is 01 Is the rigidity of the first elastic supporting part, M 1 Is the load-bearing mass of the first vibration-damping component, n 1 Is the number of the first elastic supporting parts, f 1 Is the first order natural frequency alpha 1 Is the first mounting angle. The first-stage spring stiffness is K 01 Determined according to equation (6).
Step S300, calculating to obtain the rigidity of the second elastic supporting part according to the natural frequency of the secondary system, the bearing mass of the second vibration reduction assembly, the number of the second elastic supporting parts and the second installation angle of the second elastic supporting part, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein K is 02 Is the rigidity of the second elastic supporting part, M 2 Is the load-bearing mass of the first vibration-damping component, n 2 Is the number of the first elastic supporting parts, f 2 Is the secondary natural frequency alpha 2 Is a second mounting angle; the second spring rate is K 02 Determined according to equation (7).
Step S400, calculating the rigidity of the vertical elastic support part according to the natural frequency of the three-stage system, the mass of the table top and the number of the vertical elastic support parts, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein K is 03 Is the rigidity of the vertical elastic support part, M 3 Is the mass of the table top, n 3 Is the number of the vertical elastic supporting parts, f 3 Is three-level natural frequency; the third stage spring rate is K 03 Determined according to equation (8).
Step S400, determining the length of the first upper swing arm part and the length of the second upper swing arm part according to the length of the base part, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
L 1 ＝ξ 1 ·L，L 2 ＝ξ 2 ·L (9)
in zeta 1 Is a proportional coefficient with a value range of 0.3 to 0.8, L 1 The length of the first upper swing arm part is L, the preset length of the base part in the first preset direction, and ζ 2 Is a proportional coefficient with a value range of 0.2 to 0.6, L 2 The length of the second upper swing arm part; length L of the first upper swing arm portion (first lower swing arm portion) 1 And length L of upper swing arm (lower swing arm) of second vibration damping assembly 2 Can be determined according to equation (9).
Step S500, when the base portion is vibrated to generate a Z-direction displacement Dz (t) in the height direction, the first upper swing arm portion generates a Y-direction displacement in a first preset direction, and the first upper swing arm portion is assumed to rotate about a connection point in the first kidney-shaped hole as a fulcrum, a firstThe displacement of the upper swing arm part in the height direction generated in the second waist-shaped hole is D z (t) calculating the displacement D of the first upper swing arm part in the first preset direction y The calculation formula is as follows:
in the above specific process, the first vibration damping assembly is taken as an example for explanation, and the process of the second vibration damping assembly may refer to the first vibration damping assembly. The rubber air bag in the first vibration reduction assembly is vulcanized on the rotating shaft and forms a composite motion hinge structure in the first kidney-shaped hole, the first upper swing arm part can realize Rx motion (rotate around the front-back direction) through the rotating shaft, and the first upper swing arm part can realize Y motion (left-right motion) through the rubber air bag. When the Z-direction displacement amount (vertical displacement amount) of the base portion is Dz, the first upper swing arm portion generates Z-direction displacement, Y-direction displacement, and Rx displacement. Assuming that the first upper swing arm portion rotates about the outer end point, the inner end point of the first upper swing arm portion generates Z-displacement Dz, and the displacement of the inner end point of the first upper swing arm portion in the Y-direction can be calculated according to formula (10).
Step S600, displacement D of the first upper swing arm part in the first preset direction y The clearance lambda of the elastic air bag is calculated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in addition, the springs (first elastic supporting parts) of the first vibration damping assembly and the springs adopted by the second vibration damping assembly are designed. The mounting position of the upper end point C of the spring is selected between the swing arm levers BD and is determined according to the mounting angle α. When the frequency of the excitation source changes in a small amplitude, the natural frequency of the system is adjusted by changing the point position C; when the frequency of the excitation source changes greatly, springs with different stiffness can be replaced to change the natural frequency of the system; thereby realizing the improvement of the self-adaptive capacity of the vibration reduction system.
The first upper swing arm and the first lower swing arm in the first embodiment and the second embodiment are 8 in total and each have a length of 180mm. The first elastic supporting parts are provided with 4 parts in total, the installation angle (the included angle between the first elastic supporting parts and the horizontal plane) is 60 degrees, the rigidity of the first elastic supporting parts is 20N/mm, and the bearing mass of the primary vibration reduction structure is 10kg; the upper swing arms and the lower swing arms of the second vibration reduction assembly are 4, the lengths of the upper swing arms and the lower swing arms are 120mm, the springs of the second vibration reduction assembly are 2, the installation angle is 30 degrees, the rigidity of the springs of the second vibration reduction assembly is 30N/mm, and the bearing mass of the secondary vibration reduction structure is 20kg; the vertical elastic supporting parts are provided with 4, the rigidity of the vertical elastic supporting parts is 15N/mm, and the three-level vibration reduction structure bears 25kg of mass; the gap of the rubber air bag is 5mm. A displacement excitation of 10Hz to 500Hz is applied to the base part. The vibration damping system is subjected to 10 Hz-500 Hz sweep frequency analysis, the comparison result of the vibration acceleration of the table top of the workbench and the base part is shown in figure 5, the vibration acceleration of the table top of the workbench is far smaller than that of the base part, and the higher the frequency is, the larger the difference value of the vibration acceleration of the base part and the workbench is. The displacement comparison result of the vibration reduction system is shown in fig. 6, the displacement of the base and the buffer frame is of the opposite phase characteristic, and the displacement of the connecting framework of the buffer frame and the workbench is of the opposite phase characteristic, so that the vibration reduction system is favorable for vibration reduction. The vibration isolation rate of the vibration damping system is shown in figure 7, and the comprehensive vibration isolation rate of the vibration damping system is more than 93% in the whole frequency range; the larger the excitation frequency is, the larger the vibration isolation rate is; when the excitation frequency is greater than 50Hz, the vibration isolation rate is greater than 98%.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting, but is intended to cover any and all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A swing arm multistage vibration reduction system, comprising:
a base portion; an installation space is arranged in the base part;
the buffer frame is movably connected to the base part through a first vibration reduction assembly and is positioned in the installation space;
the workbench is movably connected to the buffer frame through a second vibration reduction assembly;
the first vibration reduction assemblies are at least two and are respectively positioned at two ends of the base part in a first preset direction and are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode; the first vibration damping assembly includes:
one end of the first upper swing arm part is movably connected to the base part along a first preset direction, and the other end of the first upper swing arm part is movably arranged on the buffer frame along the first preset direction;
a first elastic supporting part, one end of which is connected to the base part, and the other end is connected to the first upper swing arm part, and the first elastic supporting part is inclined to the first upper swing arm part;
the second vibration reduction assemblies are at least two and are respectively positioned at two ends of the buffer frame in the first preset direction and are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode;
the buffer frame includes: the cross-shaped frame body is provided with a transverse protruding frame extending along a second preset direction and protruding, and a longitudinal protruding frame extending along a first preset direction and protruding;
the transverse protruding frames are positioned between two sides of the first preset direction and the base part to form first installation cavities respectively, and the symmetrically arranged first vibration reduction assemblies are positioned in the first installation cavities on two sides respectively;
the workbench comprises a connecting framework, the connecting framework extends along the upper and lower directions, and the second vibration reduction assemblies located at two ends of the buffer framework in the first preset direction are connected with the connecting framework and the longitudinal protruding frame.
2. A swing arm type multistage vibration damping system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said base portion is provided with a first kidney-shaped aperture and said buffer frame is provided with a second kidney-shaped aperture;
the first upper swing arm portion includes:
a swing arm lever;
the rotating shafts are connected to two ends of the swing arm rod, and the swing arm rod is respectively connected with the first kidney-shaped hole and the second kidney-shaped hole through the rotating shafts at the two ends;
and the elastic air bags are filled in the first kidney-shaped holes and the second kidney-shaped holes.
3. A swing arm multi-stage vibration reducing system according to claim 2, wherein said first vibration reducing assembly further comprises a first swing arm portion movably connecting said base portion and said cushioning frame;
the first lower swing arm part and the first upper swing arm part are arranged at intervals along the up-down direction.
4. A swing arm type multistage vibration damping system as claimed in claim 3, wherein said base portion is provided with a connecting seat, said first kidney-shaped hole being provided on said connecting seat;
clamping grooves are respectively formed in the two ends of the swing arm rod, the clamping grooves are sleeved on the connecting seat, and the rotating shaft penetrates through the clamping grooves and the first kidney-shaped holes.
5. A swing arm type multistage vibration damping system as claimed in claim 3 in which said second vibration damping assembly is of the same construction as said first vibration damping assembly.
6. The swing arm multistage vibration reduction system of claim 5, wherein said table further comprises:
the table top is perpendicular to the connecting framework;
and the vertical elastic supporting part is connected between the connecting framework and the table top.
7. The swing arm multistage vibration damping system of claim 6, wherein said first resilient support is a spring;
the vertical elastic supporting part is a spring.
8. A method for designing a swing arm type multistage vibration damping system, which is applied to the swing arm type multistage vibration damping system according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
according to the preset excitation frequency, setting a primary system natural frequency, a secondary system natural frequency and a tertiary system natural frequency which are matched with the excitation frequency, wherein the set formulas are as follows:
wherein f 0 Is a preset excitation frequency f 1 Is the first order natural frequency, f 2 Is the secondary natural frequency f 3 Is three-level natural frequency;
according to the natural frequency of the primary system, the bearing mass of the first vibration reduction assembly, the number of the first elastic supporting parts and the first installation angle of the first elastic supporting parts, the rigidity of the first elastic supporting parts is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein K is 01 Is the rigidity of the first elastic supporting part, M 1 Is the load-bearing mass of the first vibration-damping component, n 1 Is the number of the first elastic supporting parts, f 1 Is the first order natural frequency alpha 1 Is a first mounting angle;
according to the natural frequency of the secondary system, the bearing mass of the second vibration reduction assembly, the number of the second elastic supporting parts and the second installation angle of the second elastic supporting parts, the rigidity of the second elastic supporting parts is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein K is 02 Is the rigidity of the second elastic supporting part, M 2 Is the load-bearing mass of the first vibration-damping component, n 2 Is the number of the first elastic supporting parts, f 2 Is the secondary natural frequency alpha 2 Is a second mounting angle;
according to the natural frequency of the three-stage system, the mass of the table top and the number of the vertical elastic supporting parts, the rigidity of the vertical elastic supporting parts is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein K is 03 Is the rigidity of the vertical elastic support part, M 3 Is the mass of the table top, n 3 Is the number of the vertical elastic supporting parts, f 3 Is three-level natural frequency;
according to the length of the base part, the length of the first upper swing arm part and the length of the second upper swing arm part are determined, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in zeta 1 Is a proportional coefficient with a value range of 0.3 to 0.8, L 1 The length of the first upper swing arm part is L, the preset length of the base part in the first preset direction, and ζ 2 Is a proportional coefficient with a value range of 0.2 to 0.6, L 2 The length of the second upper swing arm part;
when the base portion is vibrated to generate a Z-directional displacement Dz (t) in the height direction, the first upper swing arm portion generates a Y-directional displacement in a first preset direction, and the first upper swing arm portion is assumed to rotate around a connection point in the first kidney-shaped hole as a fulcrum, and the displacement in the height direction generated by the first upper swing arm portion in the second kidney-shaped hole is D z (t) calculating the displacement D of the first upper swing arm part in the first preset direction y Calculation formulaThe formula is:
by displacement D of the first upper swing arm part in a first preset direction y， Calculating to obtain the clearance lambda of the elastic air bag, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
9. the method of claim 8, wherein the first elastic support portion is connected to the first upper swing arm portion at an adjustable position; the second elastic supporting part is connected with the second upper swing arm part and can be adjusted in position.
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