CN115559757A - Temporary supporting device for tunnel collapse rescue - Google Patents
Temporary supporting device for tunnel collapse rescue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115559757A CN115559757A CN202211051968.8A CN202211051968A CN115559757A CN 115559757 A CN115559757 A CN 115559757A CN 202211051968 A CN202211051968 A CN 202211051968A CN 115559757 A CN115559757 A CN 115559757A
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- sliding
- supporting
- tunnel
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- support
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- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D19/00—Provisional protective covers for working space
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F11/00—Rescue devices or other safety devices, e.g. safety chambers or escape ways
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
- E21F17/185—Rock-pressure control devices with or without alarm devices; Alarm devices in case of roof subsidence
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a temporary supporting device for tunnel collapse rescue, which comprises: the tunnel top support device comprises a bottom plate, support frames, a cross beam and an arc-shaped top plate, wherein the cross beam is supported at the top of the bottom plate through the support frames, a plurality of support assemblies used for supporting the arc-shaped top plate are arranged at the top of the cross beam, the arc-shaped top plate is used for supporting a collapse place at the top of a tunnel, each support assembly comprises two connecting columns and two connecting plates, the two connecting plates are arranged at the top of the cross beam at intervals, the connecting columns are fixed at the bottom of the arc-shaped top plate, connecting strips are arranged at the bottom of the connecting columns, the connecting strips are vertically inserted between the two connecting plates and are in sliding connection with the two connecting plates, the connecting strips are detachably connected with the two connecting plates through bolts, a plurality of mounting holes distributed in the vertical direction are formed in the connecting strips and the connecting plates, and the problem that the height of the arc-shaped top plate cannot be adjusted according to the actual height of the collapse place of the tunnel in the existing mounting channel device in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a temporary supporting device for tunnel collapse rescue.
Background
When the tunnel is constructed, some safety accidents can occur, collapse is one of the safety accidents, rocks are not only excavation objects in construction but also supporting objects in the construction process, after the rocks are excavated, the original rock mass structure and stress balance are damaged, the stress of the rocks is redistributed under the action of self weight, a new stress balance system is formed, and the tunnel collapse accident is very easy to occur.
Wherein, tunnel construction landslide's emergence not only leads to great economic loss, still can endanger job site personnel's life safety, consequently need set up the escape way in the place of landslide, guarantees in time withdrawing of on-the-spot personnel, and the current mode of setting up the escape way has:
firstly, a temporary safety channel is built by using local materials in a construction site, and the method has the defects that the built channel is affected by the limitation of building materials due to the fact that the local materials are used, the stability is poor, a certain time is consumed for searching materials and building the safety channel, and the rescue time is delayed;
secondly, it uses current safe passageway device, chinese utility model patent of publication number CN213574207U discloses a municipal works tunnel construction landslide safe passageway device, this safe passageway can form the rescue passageway in the place of landslide, prevent the twice landslide of the place of landslide in tunnel, the drawback of having avoided needing to build the safe passageway temporarily to in order to rescue the stranded personnel, but the shortcoming that this installation passageway device exists is, the rescue work that only can adapt to the tunnel of a take the altitude, can not adjust the height of arc roof according to the actual height of the place of landslide, cause the arc roof can not effectually support the place of landslide in the tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a temporary supporting device for tunnel collapse rescue, which solves the problem that the height of an arc-shaped top plate cannot be adjusted according to the actual height of a tunnel collapse position in the prior art by using the conventional channel mounting device.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue includes: bottom plate, support frame, crossbeam and arc roof, the crossbeam supports at the top of bottom plate through a plurality of support frames, and the top of crossbeam is provided with a plurality of supporting components that are used for supporting the arc roof, and the arc roof is used for supporting the department of collapsing at the tunnel top, each supporting component all includes spliced pole and connecting plate, and the connecting plate is two, and two connecting plates set up the top at the crossbeam with the interval, and the spliced pole is fixed in the bottom of arc roof, and the bottom of spliced pole is provided with the connecting strip, and the connecting strip inserts between two connecting plates vertically, connecting strip and two connecting plate sliding connection, and the connecting strip passes through the bolt and can dismantle with two connecting plates and be connected, all be provided with a plurality of mounting holes that distribute along vertical direction on connecting strip and the connecting plate, each the mounting hole all is used for the bolt to pass.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: through all being provided with a plurality of mounting holes that distribute along vertical direction on connecting strip and connecting plate to can adjust the relative connecting plate of connecting strip and slide in vertical direction according to the height of tunnel top landslide department, thereby it is fixed with connecting plate and spliced pole that the rethread bolt passes the mounting hole that corresponds, and then adjust the height of arc-shaped roof, the arc-shaped roof of being convenient for supports the landslide department in tunnel, thereby make this strutting arrangement can be applicable to not co-altitude tunnel landslide department and support, improve this strutting arrangement's practicality.
Furthermore, the top of the bottom plate is also vertically provided with an auxiliary supporting column, and the top of the auxiliary supporting column is fixedly provided with a supporting seat for supporting the bottom of the cross beam.
Preferably, a plurality of reinforcing rods are obliquely arranged between the auxiliary supporting columns and the bottom of the cross beam.
Preferably, still include the light, the light is a plurality of, and each light all is fixed on the stiffener.
Furthermore, the bottom of the bottom plate is also provided with wheels for driving the bottom plate to walk on the ground, and the bottom of the bottom plate is detachably provided with a supporting mechanism for supporting on the ground.
Further, the support mechanism includes: the bottom of the bottom plate is provided with a sliding groove, two ends of the sliding groove are communicated with the outside, the connecting block is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, and the supporting block is fixed to the bottom of the connecting block.
Preferably, the water tank is fixed on the side wall of one of the support frames through a mounting frame, and the water tank is used for storing water.
Further, the both ends of crossbeam all are provided with the vertical screw thread post that just runs through the crossbeam, and the top of two screw thread posts is provided with the detection seat with all rotating, and two detection seats are hugged closely with the bottom at the both ends of arc roof respectively, still be provided with two determine module on the support frame, whether two determine module are used for detecting the both ends of arc roof respectively and incline.
Further, each of the detecting elements includes: the alarm and the power supply are fixed on the support frame, the bottom of each threaded column is fixedly provided with a rotating disc, the sliding assembly is slidably arranged on the side wall of the support frame, the top of the sliding assembly is provided with a trigger switch positioned right below the rotating disc, the trigger switch, the power supply and the alarm are connected through a wire circuit, the trigger switch is used for controlling the on-off of the circuit,
further, each of the sliding assemblies includes: the sliding seat, screw rod and guide holder, the sliding tray has been seted up to the lateral wall of support frame, the guide slot has been seted up to the lateral wall of sliding tray, sliding seat and guide holder slide respectively and set up in sliding tray and guide slot, the guide holder is with the lateral wall fixed connection of sliding seat, guide holder and guide slot are provided with the ball from rolling between the lateral wall of sliding tray, the lateral wall that the sliding seat deviates from the support frame is provided with the screw hole that runs through it, the screw rod horizontally passes the screw hole and hugs closely with the inner wall of sliding tray, screw rod and screw hole threaded connection, the sliding tray is stretched out to the one end of sliding seat, trigger switch fixes the top that the sliding seat stretches out spout one end, trigger switch is located under the rotary disk.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the sliding seat.
In the above drawings: 1. a base plate; 2. a support frame; 3. a cross beam; 4. an arc-shaped top plate; 5. connecting columns; 6. a connecting strip; 7. a connecting plate; 8. an auxiliary support column; 9. a supporting seat; 10. a reinforcing rod; 11. a lighting lamp; 12. a wheel; 13. connecting blocks; 14. a supporting block; 15. a water tank; 16. a detection seat; 17. a threaded post; 18. rotating the disc; 19. a trigger switch; 20. an alarm; 21. a sliding groove; 22. a guide groove; 23. a guide seat; 24. a ball bearing; 25. a threaded hole; 26. a sliding seat.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue, including: bottom plate 1, support frame 2, crossbeam 3 and arc roof 4, crossbeam 3 supports at the top of bottom plate 1 through a plurality of support frames 2, and the top of crossbeam 3 is provided with a plurality of supporting components that are used for supporting arc roof 4, and arc roof 4 is used for supporting the collapse department at the tunnel top, each supporting component all includes spliced pole 5 and connecting plate 7, and connecting plate 7 is two, and two connecting plates 7 set up at the top of crossbeam 3 with the interval, and spliced pole 5 is fixed in the bottom of arc roof 4, and the bottom of spliced pole 5 is provided with connecting strip 6, and connecting strip 6 inserts between two connecting plates 7 vertically, connecting strip 6 and two connecting plate 7 sliding connection, and connecting strip 6 can be dismantled with two connecting plates 7 through the bolt and be connected, all be provided with a plurality of mounting holes that distribute along vertical direction on connecting strip 6 and the connecting plate 7, each the mounting hole all is used for the bolt to pass.
Through all being provided with a plurality of mounting holes that distribute along vertical direction on connecting strip 6 and connecting plate 7, thereby can adjust connecting strip 6 relative connecting plate 7 and slide on vertical direction according to the height of tunnel top landslide department, thereby it is fixed with connecting plate 7 and spliced pole 5 that the rethread bolt passes the mounting hole that corresponds, and then adjust the height of arc roof 4, be convenient for arc roof 4 supports the landslide department in tunnel, thereby make this strutting arrangement can be applicable to not high tunnel landslide department and support, improve this strutting arrangement's practicality.
Further, in order to improve the stability of the cross beam 3, an auxiliary supporting column 8 is vertically arranged on the top of the bottom plate 1, and a supporting seat 9 for supporting the bottom of the cross beam 3 is fixedly arranged on the top of the auxiliary supporting column 8.
Preferably, in order to further improve the stability of the cross beam 3 and also to reduce the burden on the supporting frame 2, several reinforcing rods 10 are obliquely arranged between the auxiliary supporting columns 8 and the bottom of the cross beam 3.
Preferably, the lighting device also comprises a plurality of lighting lamps 11, and each lighting lamp 11 is fixed on the reinforcing rod 10. Through setting up light 11, provide the illumination for the rescue personnel in underground tunnel, be convenient for carry out rescue work.
Further, the bottom of the bottom plate 1 is also provided with wheels 12 for driving the bottom plate to walk on the ground, and the bottom of the bottom plate 1 is detachably provided with a supporting mechanism for supporting on the ground. Further, the support mechanism includes: the bottom of the bottom plate 1 is provided with a sliding groove, two ends of the sliding groove are communicated with the outside, the connecting block 13 is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, and the supporting block 14 is fixed at the bottom of the connecting block 13.
By arranging the wheels 12 and the supporting mechanism, when the rescue vehicle is inconvenient to walk in a tunnel, the bottom plate 1 can be driven to walk on the ground through the wheels 12 at the bottom of the bottom plate 1, so that the supporting device can be conveniently carried to a collapse place of the tunnel, sundries between the bottom plate 1 and the ground are cleaned after the supporting device reaches a specified position, then the connecting block 13 is inserted into the sliding groove, the supporting block 14 is installed, the supporting block 14 also plays a role in supporting the bottom plate 1 at the moment, the burden of the wheels 12 is relieved, and an anti-skid material, such as a rubber pad, can be additionally arranged at the bottom of the supporting block 14 to increase the friction force between the supporting block 14 and the ground.
Preferentially, still include water tank 15, water tank 15 passes through the mounting bracket to be fixed on the lateral wall of one of them support frame 2, and water tank 15 is used for storing water, provides the water resource for the rescue personnel in the tunnel.
Further, the both ends of crossbeam 3 all are provided with vertical and the screw thread post 17 that runs through crossbeam 3, and the top of two screw thread posts 17 is provided with all rotating ground and detects seat 16, and two detect the seat 16 and hug closely with the bottom at the both ends of arc roof 4 respectively, still be provided with two determine module on the support frame 2, whether two determine module are used for detecting the both ends of arc roof 4 respectively and incline. Through setting up and detecting seat 16, detect seat 16 and screw post 17 and also play the effect of supporting arc roof 4, thereby alleviate connecting strip 6, the burden of bolt and connecting plate 7, further setting up the determine module, when arc roof 4, connecting plate 7, connecting strip 6 receives the great pressure of tunnel collapse department and produces when crooked, screw post 17 transmits pressure to the determine module, the determine module can real-time early warning, remind the rescue personnel collapse department probably collapse once more, early warning rescue personnel need in time evacuate the rescue passageway that this supporting device built temporarily, guarantee rescue personnel's safety, also can remind rescue personnel to maintain this supporting device simultaneously, avoid secondary collapse.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, each of the detecting elements includes: the alarm device 20 and the power source are fixed on the support frame 2, the bottom of each threaded column 17 is fixedly provided with a rotating disc 18, the sliding assembly is slidably arranged on the side wall of the support frame 2, the top of the sliding assembly is provided with a trigger switch 19 positioned right below the rotating disc 18, the trigger switch 19, the power source and the alarm device 20 are connected through a wire circuit, the trigger switch 19 is used for controlling the circuit to be opened and closed,
further, as shown in fig. 2, each of the sliding assemblies includes: the sliding seat 26, the screw and the guide seat 23, the sliding groove 21 is provided in the side wall of the support frame 2, the guide groove 22 is provided in the side wall of the sliding groove 21, the sliding seat 26 and the guide seat 23 are respectively slidably arranged in the sliding groove 21 and the guide groove 22, the guide seat 23 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the sliding seat 26, the ball 24 is arranged between the side walls of the guide seat 23 and the guide groove 22 departing from the sliding groove 21 in a rolling manner, the side wall of the sliding seat 26 departing from the support frame 2 is provided with a threaded hole 25 penetrating through the sliding seat, the screw horizontally penetrates through the threaded hole 25 to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the sliding groove 21, the screw is in threaded connection with the threaded hole 25, one end of the sliding seat 26 extends out of the sliding groove 21, the trigger switch 19 is fixed at the top of the sliding seat 26 extending out of one end of the sliding groove, and the trigger switch 19 is located under the rotating disk 18.
Specifically, the working principle of the detection assembly is as follows: when the arc-shaped top plate 4 is forced to move downwards, the end part of the arc-shaped top plate 4 pushes the threaded column 17 to move downwards, the rotating disc 18 at the end part of the threaded column 17 pushes the trigger switch 19 downwards, the trigger switch 19 conducts a circuit between a power supply and the alarm 20, so that the alarm 20 works, the alarm 20 gives out an alarm sound to remind rescue workers, the support device is subjected to a large load, the rescue workers need to evacuate timely, and meanwhile the support device needs to be searched again to support a collapse part, so that the tunnel collapse part cannot collapse again.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a tunnel collapse rescue is with interim strutting arrangement which characterized in that includes: bottom plate (1), support frame (2), crossbeam (3) and arc roof (4), crossbeam (3) support at the top of bottom plate (1) through a plurality of support frames (2), and the top of crossbeam (3) is provided with a plurality of supporting component who is used for supporting arc roof (4), and arc roof (4) are used for supporting the department of collapsing at the tunnel top, each supporting component all includes spliced pole (5) and connecting plate (7), and connecting plate (7) are two, and two connecting plates (7) set up the top at crossbeam (3) at interval, and spliced pole (5) are fixed in the bottom of arc roof (4), and the bottom of spliced pole (5) is provided with connecting strip (6), and connecting strip (6) insert vertically between two connecting plates (7), connecting strip (6) and two connecting plates (7) sliding connection, and connecting strip (6) can be dismantled with two connecting plates (7) through the bolt and be connected, all be provided with a plurality of mounting holes that distribute along vertical direction on connecting strip (6) and connecting plate (7), each the mounting hole all is used for the bolt to pass.
2. A temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 1, wherein an auxiliary support column (8) is vertically arranged on the top of the bottom plate (1), and a support seat (9) for supporting at the bottom of the cross beam (3) is fixedly arranged on the top of the auxiliary support column (8).
3. A temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of reinforcing rods (10) are obliquely arranged between the auxiliary supporting columns (8) and the bottom of the cross beam (3).
4. A temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 3, further comprising a plurality of illuminating lamps (11), wherein each illuminating lamp (11) is fixed on the reinforcing rod (10).
5. A temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the bottom plate (1) is further provided with wheels (12) for driving the bottom plate to walk on the ground, and the bottom of the bottom plate (1) is detachably provided with a support mechanism for supporting on the ground.
6. A temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 5, wherein the support mechanism comprises: the bottom of the bottom plate (1) is provided with a sliding groove, two ends of the sliding groove are communicated with the outside, the connecting block (13) is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, and the supporting block (14) is fixed to the bottom of the connecting block (13).
7. A temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 1, further comprising a water tank (15), wherein the water tank (15) is fixed on the side wall of one of the support frames (2) through a mounting frame, and the water tank (15) is used for storing water.
8. The temporary supporting device for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 1, wherein two ends of the cross beam (3) are respectively provided with a threaded column (17) which is vertical and penetrates through the cross beam (3), the tops of the two threaded columns (17) are respectively and rotatably provided with a detection seat (16), the two detection seats (16) are respectively clung to the bottoms of two ends of the arc-shaped top plate (4), and the supporting frame (2) is further provided with two detection assemblies which are respectively used for detecting whether two ends of the arc-shaped top plate (4) are inclined.
9. A temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 8, wherein each of the detection assemblies comprises: sliding assembly, power and alarm (20), alarm (20) and power are all fixed on support frame (2), and the bottom of each screw thread post (17) is all fixed and is provided with rotary disk (18), and sliding assembly sets up the lateral wall at support frame (2) with sliding, and the sliding assembly top is provided with trigger switch (19) that are located rotary disk (18) under, and trigger switch (19), power and alarm (20) pass through wire circuit connection, and trigger switch (19) are used for control the switching of circuit.
10. A temporary support device for tunnel collapse rescue as claimed in claim 9, wherein each of said slide assemblies comprises: sliding seat (26), screw rod and guide holder (23), sliding tray (21) have been seted up to the lateral wall of support frame (2), guide holder (22) have been seted up to the lateral wall of sliding tray (21), sliding seat (26) and guide holder (23) set up in sliding tray (21) and guide holder (22) respectively with sliding, guide holder (23) and the lateral wall fixed connection of sliding tray (26), guide holder (23) and guide holder (22) are deviated from between the lateral wall of sliding tray (21) to be provided with ball (24) with rolling, sliding tray (26) deviate from the lateral wall of support frame (2) and are provided with screw hole (25) that run through it, the screw rod level passes screw hole (25) and hugs closely with the inner wall of sliding tray (21), screw rod and screw hole (25) threaded connection, sliding tray (21) are stretched out to the one end of sliding tray (26), trigger switch (19) are fixed at the top that sliding seat (26) stretched out the sliding tray one end, trigger switch (19) are located rotary disk (18) are under.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211051968.8A CN115559757A (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Temporary supporting device for tunnel collapse rescue |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211051968.8A CN115559757A (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Temporary supporting device for tunnel collapse rescue |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115559757A true CN115559757A (en) | 2023-01-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211051968.8A Pending CN115559757A (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Temporary supporting device for tunnel collapse rescue |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115880910A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-03-31 | 云南省交通投资建设集团有限公司 | Intelligent expressway tunnel traffic incident rapid detection processing system and method |
-
2022
- 2022-08-31 CN CN202211051968.8A patent/CN115559757A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115880910A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-03-31 | 云南省交通投资建设集团有限公司 | Intelligent expressway tunnel traffic incident rapid detection processing system and method |
| CN115880910B (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-06-06 | 云南省交通投资建设集团有限公司 | Intelligent expressway tunnel traffic event rapid detection processing system and method |
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