CN115554473A - 去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于瓣膜技术领域,具体公开去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料及其制备方法和应用。去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,包括S1将去细胞瓣与氯化铜‑盐酸多巴胺混合溶液进行反应,得到铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣,S2将所述铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣与GDF11溶液进行反应,得去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料。去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料在制备组织工程心脏瓣膜中的应用。本发明的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料与血液中一氧化氮供体接触可产生内源性一氧化氮,具备优良抗血小板性能,抑制体内血栓形成。同时,其具备捕获血液中内皮祖细胞的能力,对瓣膜复合材料的内皮化形成具有较强促进作用。体内生物相容性好,具有重塑再生能力,植入后可随人体生长,在儿童患者中尤其具备应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于瓣膜技术领域,尤其涉及去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
心脏瓣膜病是指由各种病因引起的心脏瓣膜狭窄和/或反流,具有高发病率和死亡率,严重威胁人类健康。瓣膜置换手术是最有效的治疗手段,人工瓣膜替代物需求巨大。临床现有瓣膜替代物主要为机械瓣和生物瓣:机械瓣具有出血及血栓形成风险,患者需终身服用抗凝药物;生物瓣易于钙化衰败,平均使用年限仅10-15年。此外,这些人工瓣膜均无法自主生长,儿童患者手术后多因生长发育导致原有瓣膜大小不再匹配,再次手术难以避免。
新一代组织工程心脏瓣膜(TEHV)是瓣膜替代物研发的新方向,理论上具备自我修复能力、适应性重塑生长能力、抗血栓形成能力和低免疫原性等,有望解决临床瓣膜替代物面临的困境,具有良好转化前景。
去细胞瓣膜(DHV)是将同种异体或异种心脏瓣膜通过化学去污剂、酶解或物理方法等去除细胞成分后获得的细胞外基质,在TEHV构建中广泛应用。通过适当的去细胞过程,DHV免疫原性极大程度降低,而天然瓣膜的形态和三层结构被很好地保留。同时,DHV含有许多生物活性分子,有助于调控种子细胞的生物学行为,为瓣膜组织原位再生提供线索。
然而,单纯去细胞瓣产品(如CryoLife公司CryoValve)植入人体后,未见自体内皮细胞有效覆盖,临床应用效果较差。在DHV植入初期,由于无内皮细胞覆盖,其表面迅速吸附血浆蛋白,促进血小板和白细胞粘附与活化,从而增加血栓形成和栓塞风险,影响瓣膜功能和重塑再生进程。
因此,单纯去细胞瓣需要进一步修饰以改善其血液相容性并加速其内皮化进程,从而保证瓣膜材料的在体性能并实现体内重塑再生。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料及其制备方法和应用,主要为了提供具有良好血液相容性及体内重塑再生能力的瓣膜复合材料,解决现有瓣膜替代物相容性差,在体无法生长等问题。
为了解决上述问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明第一方面涉及去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,包括
S1,将去细胞瓣与氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液进行反应,得到铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣,
S2,将所述铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣与GDF11溶液进行反应,得去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料。
在一些方式中,步骤S1的一具体应用实例包括下述步骤
S11,将去细胞瓣与氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液混合、反应,
S12,除去氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液,漂洗液漂洗,
S13,得铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣。
在一些方式中,氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液的pH为8-9,优选为8.5,氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液中CuCl2·2H2O为0.005-0.2mg/ml,优选为0.1mg/ml、盐酸多巴胺为0.1-5mg/ml,优选为0.2mg/ml。
在一些方式中,S1所述氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液使用三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐(Tris·HCl)溶液配制,Tris·HCl溶液质量浓度优选为1.2mg/ml。
在一些方式中,将去细胞瓣与氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液混合后,于25℃-40℃环境中反应;优选的,将去细胞瓣与氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液混合后,于36℃-37.5℃中任一反应温度环境恒温(常规恒温要求)、振荡反应,反应环境温度优选为37℃。
在一些方式中,步骤S2中包括下述步骤:
S21,将S1中制备所得铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣与GDF11溶液混合、反应,
S22,除去GDF11溶液,漂洗液漂洗,
S23,得去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料。
在一些方式中,S21中GDF11溶液使用磷酸缓冲盐(PBS)溶液配制,S21中GDF11溶液浓度为0.5μg/ml。
S21中铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣与使用PBS溶液配制的GDF11溶液混合后,于36℃-37.5℃中任一反应温度环境恒温、振荡反应,反应环境温度优选为37℃。在该步骤S2基础上,具体反应过程如图8反应式所示。
在一些方式中,S12、S22中漂洗液为PBS溶液,漂洗方法为:将所得瓣膜材料置于恒温摇床中,使用无菌PBS溶液清洗24小时,每6小时换液1次;S11、S12、S21、S22中恒温摇床振荡频率为110rpm;S1中的天然的去细胞瓣包括去细胞猪主动脉瓣或牛心包。
天然去细胞瓣(猪主动脉瓣、牛心包)可采用现有技术进行处理,如可采用专利201610921956.4中涉及的技术进行去细胞处理。
本发明的第二个方面提供前述方法制备所得的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料。当然,并不严格限定该去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料必须与前述方法制备所得材料完全相同,对部分制备条件的改变制备所得的产品,只要其具有与本发明相同、相近的性质,也都应当视为等同。
本发明第三方面是关于去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料作为组织工程心脏瓣膜支架材料在再生医学中的应用。该应用具体体现为去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料在制备组织工程心脏瓣膜中的应用,尤其是在制备具备重塑再生能力的心脏瓣膜中的应用。该瓣膜尤其适用于儿童心脏瓣膜病患者,可随儿童正常生长发育而重塑生长,保持尺寸匹配,避免儿童进行多次换瓣手术。具备重塑再生能力的心脏瓣膜的一种应用情形为儿童心脏瓣膜病的治疗。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明中提供的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料具备一氧化氮催化活性,与血液中一氧化氮供体接触后可产生内源性一氧化氮,结果显示其具有较强抗血小板性能,抑制体内血栓形成;
(2)本发明中提供的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料具备捕获血液中内皮祖细胞的能力,细胞实验结果显示其对流体环境中内皮祖细胞具有更强招募与捕获能力,体内实验显示其对去细胞瓣植入后的内皮化形成具有较强促进作用;
(3)本发明中提供的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料具有良好的生物相容性,且相较于现有生物瓣,其在体内实验中表现出加速细胞化、适度降解重塑、不发生钙化等优点,具有重塑再生能力,植入后可随人体生长,在儿童患者中尤其具备应用前景;
(4)与现有3D打印组织工程瓣膜支架不同的是,本发明可直接通过天然去细胞瓣来制备具备重塑再生能力的心脏瓣膜,该天然去细胞瓣膜可来源于其他生物体,解决了生物相容性的问题,并且具备更加复杂、精细的三维结构,可以更高的引导细胞生长及组织重塑再生。
附图说明
图1:本发明中瓣膜复合材料的肉眼观及扫描电镜检测图片;
图2:本发明中瓣膜复合材料接触供体后一氧化氮释放图及瓣膜复合材料GDF11免疫荧光染色图;
图3:本发明中瓣膜复合材料体外血液相容性实验图,包括瓣膜复合材料表面粘附血小板的电镜图(A)、瓣膜复合材料表面P-选择素免疫荧光图(B)、瓣膜复合材料P选择素(C)及cGMP(D)表达量、瓣膜复合材料粘附血小板定量统计图(E);
图4:本发明中瓣膜复合材料体外细胞相容性实验图,包括瓣膜复合材料表面HUVECs活死细胞染色图、HUVECs生长曲线、流体环境下瓣膜复合材料捕获EPCs细胞骨架染色图及定量统计图;
图5:本发明中瓣膜复合材料力学性能检测图;
图6:本发明中瓣膜复合材料吻合于大鼠腹主动脉后大体图及超声图;
图7:本发明中瓣膜复合材料吻合于大鼠腹主动脉后组织学染色图,包括Masson染色图、vonKossa染色图、内皮细胞免疫荧光染色图、间质细胞免疫荧光染色图及新生胶原染色图;
图8:本发明中瓣膜复合材料化学反应原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不作为本发明的限定。
去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1,制备铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣:用1.2mg/ml Tris·HCl(三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐)溶液(pH=8.5)配制氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液(含0.1mg/ml二水氯化铜及0.2mg/ml盐酸多巴胺)。将DHV置于干净六孔板中展平,每孔3片瓣膜,每孔加入4ml上述混合溶液,置于37℃恒温摇床,110rpm反应24h。除去氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液,PBS漂洗24h,每6小时换液1次,置于含双抗的无菌PBS溶液中4℃备用(Cu组)。
S2,制备去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料:用无菌PBS溶液配制0.5μg/ml GDF11溶液,将S1中得到的铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣置于六孔板中展平,每孔3片瓣膜,每孔加入GDF11溶液4ml,置于37℃恒温摇床,110rpm反应12h。除去GDF11溶液,PBS漂洗24h,每6小时换液1次,置于含双抗的PBS溶液中4℃备用,得到去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料(GDF11组)。
其中,DHV为去细胞猪主动脉瓣,去细胞猪主动脉瓣一具体制备方法为:将猪主动脉瓣置于六孔板中,每孔放置3片瓣膜,用Tris·HCl溶液(40mmol/L,pH 7.8)配制含20g/LCHAPS和2mmol/L TnBP的工作液1,每孔加入4ml工作液1,37℃持续振荡处理24h。随后用Tris·HCl溶液(40mmol/L,pH 7.8)配制含20g/L CHAPS、2mmol/L TnBP、10g/L ASB-14和20g/L SB 3-10的工作液2,每孔加入4ml工作液2,继续振荡处理24h,以无菌PBS漂洗3次。每孔加入4ml用Tris·HCl溶液(40mmol/L,pH 7.8)配制含1mmol/L氯化镁和100units/ml全能核酸酶的工作液3,持续振荡处理24h,最后以无菌PBS漂洗3次,每次6h,得到DHV,置于含抗生素的PBS中,4℃保存备用。
如图1所示,本发明S1中获得的瓣膜复合材料从乳白色半透明状变为棕黑色,在扫描电镜下观察,可见DHV波浪状纤维结构消失,表面形成大量球状“纳米花朵”,能谱显示Cu组瓣膜复合材料表面铜元素信号明显增强,这些结果说明铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣构建成功。
如图2所示,瓣膜复合材料接触一氧化氮供体后,立即催化产生一氧化氮,说明其可以发挥催化产生一氧化氮的功能。瓣膜复合材料表面可见GDF11阳性荧光(红色),说明GDF11成功修饰至瓣膜复合材料。
对前述制备所得的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料进行性能检测:
项目一:血液相容性
研究方法:将瓣膜复合材料制作为直径7.92mm的小圆片,以DHV和戊二醛交联生物瓣(GLUT组)做对照,根据是否添加一氧化氮供体将铜离子修饰型瓣膜复合材料分为两组:有供体(Cu-w/)和无供体(Cu-w/o)。以ACD抗凝剂抗凝,取SD大鼠新鲜外周血,分离富血小板血清,37℃下与瓣膜复合材料孵育1小时。收集上清液,以ELISA试剂盒检测其中P-选择素及cGMP水平。瓣膜复合材料孵育后PBS漂洗3遍,取一半样品经2.5%戊二醛固定、乙醇梯度脱水、叔丁醇置换、冷冻干燥并喷金后进行扫描电镜观察,另一半样品以乳酸脱氢酶试剂盒检测黏附血小板数量。
结果:如图3所示,对照组表面黏附大量血小板,彼此融合成片,且多为向四周伸出伪足的活化状态血小板,而本发明提供的瓣膜复合材料表面黏附血小板数目很少,并且多呈未活化的圆盘状。且本发明提供的瓣膜复合材料在加入一氧化氮供体后显著减少P-选择素表达,上调cGMP表达。以上结果说明本发明提供的瓣膜复合材料具备抗血小板活化与黏附、抗血栓形成能力,具有更优良的血液相容性。
项目二:细胞相容性
研究方法:将人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)种植于瓣膜复合材料表面,用活死细胞染色试剂盒染色区分其中活细胞与死细胞,以cck-8法检测瓣膜表面HUVECs细胞活性。从SD大鼠胫骨提取骨髓内皮祖细胞(EPCs),用ibidi生物反应器构建流体环境,在系统中充入EPCs悬液后进行动态培养,用鬼笔环肽标记瓣膜复合材料表面捕获EPCs的细胞骨架,DAPI染色细胞核,并进行计数。
结果:如图4所示,对照组GLUT中活细胞(绿色)数量极少,表明其具有较高细胞毒性,而本发明中瓣膜复合材料表面活细胞已形成较为完整的内皮细胞层,未见明显死细胞(红色),说明其细胞相容性良好。本发明中瓣膜复合材料表面捕获的EPCs数量较对照组明显增加,说明其可以在动态环境下捕获流体中的EPCs细胞,促进瓣膜复合材料的内皮化。
项目三:力学性能
研究方法:将瓣膜复合材料沿周向裁剪为长约20mm、宽约3mm的长条状,用游标卡尺测量并记录宽度及厚度。将样品固定于力学测试仪的样品夹上,用游标卡尺测量初始标距,室温下匀速向两端拉伸(100N,5mm/min)直至样本断裂,记录应力-应变曲线,计算杨氏模量及极限抗张强度。
结果:如图5所示,本发明中瓣膜复合材料杨氏模量及极限抗张强度均较DHV组瓣膜复合材料明显增强,达到与GLUT组瓣膜复合材料相当的水平,表明其力学性能优良。
项目四:体内重塑再生
研究方法:将瓣膜复合材料裁剪成5mm×4mm,显微镜下缝制成管道,吻合于SD大鼠腹主动脉,2周及4周后超声检测通畅性,并取出标本,进行Masson、von Kossa、CD31、vWF、α-SMA及胶原免疫荧光染色。
结果:如图6所示,瓣膜复合材料植入大鼠腹主动脉4周后,DHV组管腔出现明显扩张,表明DHV组材料力学性能不足、降解速率过快,而本发明中瓣膜复合材料保持通畅,且未出现扩张,表明本发明中瓣膜复合材料具有更优良的力学性能和血液相容性。取出瓣膜复合材料染色,如图7所示,Masson染色结果显示,DHV组瓣膜复合材料细胞(红色)浸润明显,胶原纤维(蓝色)基本降解完全,GLUT组瓣膜复合材料几乎不降解,细胞未发生明显浸润,胶原纤维仍旧十分致密。而本发明中瓣膜复合材料发生适度降解,可见细胞浸润及部分胶原纤维降解,但速度明显较DHV组减缓。von Kossa染色显示GLUT组材料有大片钙化结节产生,而本发明中瓣膜复合材料无明显钙化。CD31染色内皮细胞,本发明中瓣膜复合材料在2周时已有明显CD31阳性内皮层形成,而此时对照组未见明显内皮化,且4周时本发明中瓣膜复合材料较对照组内皮化程度更高,说明本发明中瓣膜复合材料可以有效加速内皮化过程。vWF及α-SMA染色也表明本发明中瓣膜复合材料经历了宿主细胞浸润,且其细胞类型和分布与天然瓣膜类似,而胶原染色可见本发明中瓣膜复合材料有明显新生胶原产生,表明本发明中瓣膜复合材料植入体内后发生了一定程度的降解、重塑,具备体内再生能力,而GLUT组材料未发生该过程,不具备再生能力。
本领域的技术人员可以明确,在不脱离本发明的总体精神以及构思的情形下,可以做出对于以上实施例的各种变型。其均落入本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护方案以本发明所附的权利要求书为准。
Claims (10)
1.去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括
S1,将去细胞瓣与氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液进行反应,得到铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣,
S2,将铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣与GDF11溶液进行反应,得去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1包括下述步骤
S11,将去细胞瓣与氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液混合、反应,
S12,除去氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液,漂洗液漂洗,
S13,得铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣。
3.根据权利要求2所述的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液的pH为8-9,优选为8.5、氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液中CuCl2·2H2O为0.005-0.2mg/ml,优选为0.1mg/ml、盐酸多巴胺为0.1-5mg/ml,优选为0.2mg/ml。
4.根据权利要求2所述的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,用Tris·HCl溶液配制氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液,Tris·HCl溶液浓度为1.2mg/ml。
5.根据权利要求2所述的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将去细胞瓣与氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液混合后,于25℃-40℃环境中反应;优选的,将DHV与氯化铜-盐酸多巴胺混合溶液混合后,于36℃-37.5℃中任一反应温度环境恒温、振荡反应,反应环境温度优选为37℃。
6.根据权利要求2所述的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中包括下述步骤:
S21,将S1中制备所得铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣与使用PBS溶液配制的GDF11溶液混合、反应,
S22,除去GDF11溶液,漂洗液漂洗,
S23,得去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,
S21中GDF11溶液浓度为0.5μg/ml;
S21中铜离子修饰型去细胞瓣与使用PBS溶液配制的GDF11溶液混合后,于36℃-37.5℃中任一反应温度环境恒温、振荡反应,反应环境温度优选为37℃。
8.根据权利要求7所述的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S12、S22中漂洗液为PBS溶液,漂洗方法为:将所得瓣膜材料置于恒温摇床中,使用无菌PBS溶液清洗24小时,每6小时换液1次;S11、S12、S21、S22中恒温摇床振荡频率为110rpm;S1中的去细胞瓣为天然的去细胞瓣。
9.权利要求1-8任一方法制备所得的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料。
10.权利要求9所述的去细胞心脏瓣膜复合材料在制备组织工程心脏瓣膜中的应用,优选的,所述组织工程心脏瓣膜为具备重塑再生能力的心脏瓣膜。
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