CN115549535A - Starting and power generation controller of doubly salient direct-current excitation generator and control method thereof - Google Patents
Starting and power generation controller of doubly salient direct-current excitation generator and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
- H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a starting and generating controller of a double salient pole direct current excitation generator and a control method thereof, and the technical scheme is characterized in that the starting and generating controller of the double salient pole direct current excitation generator comprises an IGBT driving circuit, a diode rectifying circuit, an excitation control circuit, a rotor positioning sensor and an MCU; the diode rectifying circuit is a full-bridge rectifying circuit formed by six diodes, and the IGBT driving circuit is a full-bridge driving circuit formed by six IGBTs; the IGBT driving circuit is coupled with the diode rectifying circuit, namely six IGBTs are respectively connected with six diodes in parallel. The invention enables the double salient pole DC excitation generator to provide the anti-drag torque for the starting of the internal combustion engine and carry out DC power generation without additionally configuring an IGBT controller. Through the coordination and matching of the IGBT driving circuit and the diode full-bridge rectifying circuit, the generating power under the low-rotating-speed generating working condition is improved, and the starting cost of the internal combustion engine is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of motor controllers, in particular to a starting and generating controller of a doubly salient direct-current excitation generator and a control method thereof.
Background
Due to the characteristics of simple structure, high reliability, low cost and the like, the doubly salient direct-current excitation generator is often applied to an internal combustion engine power direct-current power generation system. And because the rotor has no permanent magnet and is high temperature resistant, the doubly salient direct current excitation generator can be directly coupled and connected with the internal combustion engine, and has strong competitive advantage. As a generator directly connected with the internal combustion engine, the doubly salient direct-current excitation generator can provide anti-dragging torque for ignition starting of the internal combustion engine, and directly increase the rotating speed of the engine to the ignition rotating speed, so that a starting motor independently installed outside the conventional internal combustion engine is omitted.
The double salient pole DC excitation generator controller used at home and abroad at present basically carries out DC power generation by mainly rectifying single diodes. Chinese patent CN114553076a discloses a controller circuit for a double salient generator with a brand new structure, which comprises a stator, a rotor without shaft voltage, a winding and a permanent magnet, a diode rectifying circuit and an exciting current controller. The patent adopts simple diode rectification power generation, and has no switching loss and low conduction loss. However, if a double-salient-pole direct-current excitation generator is required to provide a back-dragging torque for the starting of the internal combustion engine and generate power by direct current, an independent IGBT starting control circuit, namely an IGBT controller, needs to be additionally arranged for the patent, and the starting cost of the internal combustion engine is increased.
Therefore, the invention hopes to simplify the starting and generating controller of the double salient pole generator and simultaneously improve the generating capacity of the generator in the low rotating speed area, optimizes the diode rectifying circuit into the starting and generating controller of the double salient pole direct current excitation generator which takes the coupling circuit of the IGBT driving circuit and the diode full bridge rectifying circuit as the main body, and does not need to be additionally provided with an independent IGBT controller when the double salient pole direct current excitation generator provides drag torque for starting the internal combustion engine and generates direct current. Meanwhile, the IGBT driving circuit is in coordination with the diode full-bridge rectifying circuit, so that the reliability of the IGBT is improved, and the starting cost of the internal combustion engine is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a starting and power generation controller of a double-salient-pole direct-current excitation generator, which enables the double-salient-pole direct-current excitation generator to provide anti-drag torque for the starting of an internal combustion engine and to generate power by direct current through the coupling of an IGBT driving circuit and a diode rectifying circuit, greatly improves the power generation capacity of the generator under the low-rotating-speed power generation working condition, does not need to additionally configure an independent IGBT controller, and reduces the starting cost of the internal combustion engine.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a starting and generating controller of a doubly salient DC excitation generator comprises an IGBT driving circuit, a diode rectifying circuit, an excitation control circuit, a rotor positioning sensor and an MCU; the diode rectifying circuit is a full-bridge rectifying circuit formed by six diodes, and the IGBT driving circuit is a full-bridge driving circuit formed by six IGBTs; the IGBT driving circuit is coupled with the diode rectifying circuit, namely six IGBTs are respectively connected with six diodes in parallel;
the rotor positioning sensor is electrically connected with the MCU and is used for acquiring the position information of the rotor;
the excitation control circuit is electrically connected with the MCU and is used for providing adjustable direct current excitation current for the generator;
the MCU is also electrically connected with six IGBTs.
The invention is further configured to: the diode in the diode rectification circuit is any one of a built-in freewheeling diode, a rectifying diode, a Schottky diode and a silicon carbide diode of the IGBT module.
The invention is further configured to: the rotor positioning sensor is any one of a rotary transformer, a magnetic encoder and a Hall sensor.
A double salient pole direct current excitation generator starts the generating controller control method, the above-mentioned double salient pole direct current excitation generator starts the generating controller, its MCU control method is as follows:
when the generator reversely drags and starts the engine, the position information of the rotor controls the IGBT driving circuit to carry out phase change switching, and starting torque is output; if the current rotating speed of the engine is greater than the starting rotating speed of the engine, the reverse dragging is successful, and a power generation control strategy is converted;
the power generation control strategy is divided into IGBT active rectification power generation or diode rectification power generation; under the low-rotation-speed power generation working condition, IGBT active rectification is adopted for power generation, and at the moment, a diode in a diode rectification circuit provides follow current for an IGBT driving circuit; under the high-rotating-speed power generation working condition, the diode is adopted for rectification power generation, the IGBT driving circuit is switched off in a full-bridge mode at the moment, and the diode rectification circuit independently rectifies the power generation.
The invention is further configured to: when the IGBT actively rectifies and generates power, the MCU controls the excitation control circuit to keep the excitation current constant; the duty ratio of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal in the IGBT driving circuit and the phase commutation angle of the switch are dynamically adjusted through the MCU, so that the current or power of direct current power generation can be dynamically regulated and controlled.
The invention is further configured to: when the diode rectifies for power generation, the MCU controls the excitation control circuit to dynamically adjust the magnitude of the direct current excitation current, and the current magnitude or the power magnitude of the direct current power generation can be dynamically adjusted and controlled.
The invention is further configured to: when the rotating speed of the generator is greater than 70% of the rated generating rotating speed, the high-rotating-speed generating working condition is adopted, and a diode rectification generating control strategy is adopted; when the rotating speed of the generator is less than or equal to 70% of the rated generating rotating speed, the low-rotating-speed generating working condition is adopted, and an IGBT active rectification generating control strategy is adopted.
The invention is further configured to: when the generator reversely drags to start the engine, the MCU controls the exciting current to the maximum allowable current through the excitation control circuit.
The invention is further configured to: and the MCU respectively controls and keeps the conduction of the three full-bridge lower tubes through the IGBT driving circuit, and carries out PWM chopping control on the three full-bridge upper tubes.
The invention is further configured to: MCU calculates alpha electrical angle control entering rotational speed, and when the rotational speed of generator was higher than alpha electrical angle control entering rotational speed, MCU advanced alpha electrical angle with the conduction angle of full-bridge top tube after, the switching on of three full-bridge lower tube is kept in the control respectively again, carries out PWM chopping control to three full-bridge top tube.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through the coupling of the IGBT driving circuit and the diode rectifying circuit, when the double-salient-pole direct-current excitation generator provides the anti-drag torque for the starting of the internal combustion engine and generates power by direct current, an additional IGBT controller is not needed, the starting and power generation cost of the internal combustion engine is reduced, the application prospect in the field of internal combustion engine direct-current power generation system products is wide, the application advantage is great especially in the field of extended range electric vehicles, and the method has important significance.
2. The invention improves the power generation power and the power generation efficiency of the doubly salient direct-current excitation generator under the low-rotation-speed power generation working condition.
3. The invention has the advantages of high integration level, small volume, light weight, low rectification loss and no need of independent water cooling.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a starting and generating controller of a doubly salient dc excited generator in an embodiment.
In the figure: 1. a first IGBT; 2. a second IGBT; 3. a third IGBT; 4. a fourth IGBT; 5. a fifth IGBT; 6. a sixth IGBT; 7. a first diode; 8. a second diode; 9. a third diode; 10. a fourth diode; 11. a fifth diode; 12. a sixth diode; 13. direct current; 14. a load; 15. three-phase electricity; 16. a linear excitation winding; 17. an excitation control circuit; 18. a rotor; 19. a rotor positioning sensor; 20. and (6) an MCU.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work belong to the scope of the present invention.
It is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "lateral," "longitudinal," and the like are used in the illustrated orientation or positional relationship as shown in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the starting and generating controller for a doubly salient dc excited generator in the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes an IGBT driving circuit, a diode rectifying circuit, an excitation control circuit 17, a rotor positioning sensor 19, and an MCU20; the diode rectifying circuit is a full-bridge rectifying circuit formed by six diodes, and the IGBT driving circuit is a full-bridge driving circuit formed by six IGBTs; the IGBT driving circuit is coupled with the diode rectifying circuit, namely six IGBTs are respectively connected with six diodes in parallel. The rotor positioning sensor 19 is electrically connected to the MCU20 and is used for acquiring position information of the rotor 18. The excitation control circuit 17 is electrically connected to the MCU20, and is configured to provide an adjustable dc excitation current to the generator. The MCU20 is also electrically connected with six IGBTs.
Specifically, a diode in the diode rectification circuit is any one of a built-in freewheeling diode, a conventional rectifier diode, a schottky diode and a silicon carbide diode of the IGBT module. In the present embodiment, the diode in the diode rectification circuit is replaced by a freewheeling diode built in the conventional IGBT module, and the freewheeling diode is a silicon carbide diode.
Specifically, the rotor positioning sensor 19 is any one of a rotary transformer, a magnetic encoder, and a hall sensor.
For the sake of convenience of understanding, fig. 1 shows the basic configurations of the present embodiment in the use environment of the present embodiment, such as the direct current 13, the load 14, the three-phase power 15, and the linear excitation winding 16, together with the connection relationship of the present embodiment. In the IGBT driving circuit in fig. 1, three full-bridge upper tubes are numbered as a first IGBT1, a second IGBT2 and a third IGBT3 from left to right, and three full-bridge lower tubes are numbered as a fourth IGBT4, a fifth IGBT5 and a sixth IGBT6 from left to right; in the figure, diodes corresponding to a first IGBT1, a second IGBT2, a third IGBT3, a fourth IGBT4, a fifth IGBT5, and a sixth IGBT6 are numbered as a first diode 7, a second diode 8, a third diode 9, a fourth diode 10, a fifth diode 11, and a sixth diode 12 in sequence.
The MCU20 in the starting and generating controller of the doubly salient dc excitation generator performs control mode switching by the following method:
s1, judging whether the rotor positioning sensor 19 has a fault: if the rotor positioning sensor 19 has a fault, the fault returns, and the subsequent steps are stopped; if the rotor position sensor 19 is normal, S2 is performed.
And S2, reading the position information of the rotor 18 acquired by the rotor positioning sensor 19, and controlling the excitation current to be the maximum allowable current by the excitation control circuit 17. In the present embodiment, the element for regulating the excitation current in the excitation control circuit 17 is IGBTind, i.e., an IGBT inductor.
S3, carrying out phase change control on the IGBT in the IGBT driving circuit according to the position information of the rotor 18 to provide reverse dragging torque; and if the current rotating speed of the engine is greater than the starting rotating speed of the engine, the reverse dragging is successful, and S4 is carried out.
And S4, converting the power generation strategy into a power generation control strategy, wherein the power generation control strategy is IGBT active rectification power generation or diode rectification power generation. The IGBT actively rectifies and generates power, and at the moment, a diode in the diode rectifying circuit provides follow current for the IGBT driving circuit; and the diode rectifies and generates power, at the moment, the IGBT drive circuit is switched off in a full-bridge mode, and the diode rectifying circuit independently rectifies and generates power. And comparing the current rotating speed of the generator with the rated generating rotating speed, and adjusting a generating control strategy according to the comparison result. When the rotating speed of the generator is greater than 70% of the rated generating rotating speed, the high-rotating-speed generating working condition is adopted, the diode rectification generating control strategy is adopted, the loss is reduced, and the generating efficiency is improved; when the rotating speed of the generator is less than or equal to 70% of the rated generating rotating speed, the low-rotating-speed generating working condition is adopted, the IGBT active rectification generating control strategy is adopted, and the generating power under the low-rotating-speed working condition is improved.
In S4, in the embodiment, under the high-speed power generation condition of rated continuous power generation, only the diode independent filter rectification is needed to output the direct current 13, and the high-power high-frequency IGBT is not needed for rectification, so that the controller has low cost and high conversion efficiency, and the reliability of the embodiment is greatly improved because the diode has no failure mode. The method has wide application prospect in the field of internal combustion engine direct current power generation system products, has great application advantage especially in the field of extended range commercial vehicles, and has important significance.
Specifically, when the IGBT actively rectifies power, the MCU20 controls the excitation control circuit 17 to keep the excitation current constant; the MCU20 dynamically adjusts the duty ratio of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal in the IGBT driving circuit and the phase commutation angle of a switch, and can dynamically adjust and control the current or power of direct current power generation. When the diode rectifies for power generation, the MCU20 controls the excitation control circuit 17 to dynamically adjust the DC excitation current, and the current or power of the DC power generation can be dynamically adjusted and controlled.
And (3) after the exciting current reaches the maximum allowable current in the step (S3), providing the anti-drag torque by adopting the following steps:
and S31, calculating the alpha electrical angle control entering rotating speed, and comparing the current rotating speed of the generator with the alpha electrical angle control entering rotating speed. Controlling the entering rotating speed when the current rotating speed of the generator is less than alpha electrical angle, and entering S32; the current rotating speed of the generator is not less than the alpha electrical angle control entering rotating speed, and S33 is entered;
and S32, controlling three full-bridge lower tubes to be respectively conducted and three full-bridge upper tubes to be respectively subjected to PWM chopping control according to the position information of the rotor 18. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s321, judging whether the current rotor angle is less than or equal to 120 degrees. If yes, the third IGBT3 performs PWM chopping control, the fourth IGBT4 is switched on, and other IGBTs in the IGBT driving circuit are kept switched off. If not, go to S322;
and S322, judging whether the current rotor angle is less than or equal to 240 degrees. If yes, the second IGBT2 performs PWM chopping control, the sixth IGBT6 is switched on, and other IGBTs in the IGBT driving circuit are kept switched off. If not, the first IGBT1 performs PWM chopping control, the fifth IGBT5 is switched on, and other IGBTs in the IGBT driving circuit are kept switched off.
And S33, after the conduction angles of the three full-bridge upper tubes are shifted forward by alpha electrical angles, controlling the three full-bridge lower tubes to be respectively conducted according to the position information of the rotor 18, and respectively performing PWM chopping control on the three full-bridge upper tubes. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s331, judging whether the current rotor angle is less than or equal to 120-alpha electrical angle. If yes, the third IGBT3 performs PWM chopping control, the fourth IGBT4 is switched on, and other IGBTs in the IGBT driving circuit are kept switched off. If not, performing S332;
s332, judging whether the current rotor angle is less than or equal to 240-alpha electric angle. If yes, the second IGBT2 performs PWM chopping control, the sixth IGBT6 is switched on, and other IGBTs in the IGBT driving circuit are kept switched off. If not, performing S333;
s333, judging whether the current rotor angle is less than or equal to 360-alpha electrical angle. If yes, the first IGBT1 performs PWM chopping control, the fifth IGBT5 is switched on, and other IGBTs in the IGBT driving circuit are kept switched off. If not, the third IGBT3 performs PWM chopping control, the fourth IGBT4 is switched on, and other IGBTs in the IGBT driving circuit are kept switched off.
And S4, controlling the IGBT active rectification power generation specifically as follows:
s41, turning off all the three full-bridge upper tubes (the first IGBT1, the second IGBT2 and the third IGBT 3) and entering S42;
s42, judging whether the current rotor angle is less than or equal to 120-alpha electrical angle. If yes, the sixth IGBT6 performs PWM chopping control; if not, entering S43;
s43, judging whether the current rotor angle is less than or equal to 240-alpha electrical angle. If yes, the fifth IGBT5 performs PWM chopping control; if not, entering S44;
s44, judging whether the current rotor angle is less than or equal to 360-alpha electrical angle. If yes, the fourth IGBT4 carries out PWM chopping control; if not, the sixth IGBT6 performs PWM chopper control.
In S3 and S4, when the first IGBT1, the second IGBT2, the third IGBT3, the fourth IGBT4, the fifth IGBT5, and the sixth IGBT6 operate, the corresponding first diode 7, second diode 8, third diode 9, fourth diode 10, fifth diode 11, and sixth diode 12 are used as freewheeling diodes of the first IGBT1, the second IGBT2, the third IGBT3, the fourth IGBT4, the fifth IGBT5, and the sixth IGBT6, respectively.
In summary, in the embodiment, through the coupling of the IGBT driving circuit and the diode rectifying circuit, when the doubly salient dc excitation generator provides the drag torque for the starting of the internal combustion engine and performs dc power generation, the power generation power of the generator under the low-rotation-speed power generation condition is improved, the high efficiency of diode rectification power generation under the high-rotation-speed power generation condition is ensured, the starting cost of the internal combustion engine is reduced, and the method has a wide application prospect in the field of internal combustion engine dc power generation system products, and especially has a great application advantage in the field of extended range electric vehicles, and is significant. In addition, the embodiment also improves the power generation power of the doubly salient direct-current excitation generator under the low-rotation-speed power generation working condition and the power generation efficiency under the high-rotation-speed power generation working condition. In addition, the embodiment also has the advantages of high integration level, small volume, light weight and low rectification loss without independent water cooling.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A starting and power generation controller of a doubly salient direct-current excitation generator is characterized in that: the device comprises an IGBT driving circuit, a diode rectifying circuit, an excitation control circuit, a rotor positioning sensor (19) and an MCU (20); the diode rectifying circuit is a full-bridge rectifying circuit formed by six diodes, and the IGBT driving circuit is a full-bridge driving circuit formed by six IGBTs; the IGBT driving circuit is coupled with the diode rectifying circuit, namely six IGBTs are respectively connected with six diodes in parallel;
the rotor positioning sensor (19) is electrically connected with the MCU (20) and is used for acquiring the position information of the rotor (18);
the excitation control circuit is electrically connected with the MCU (20) and is used for providing adjustable direct current excitation current for the generator;
the MCU (20) is also electrically connected with six IGBTs.
2. The starting and generating controller of a doubly salient dc excited generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diode in the diode rectification circuit is any one of a built-in freewheeling diode, a rectifying diode, a Schottky diode and a silicon carbide diode of the IGBT module.
3. The starting and generating controller of a doubly salient dc excited generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotor positioning sensor (19) is any one of a rotary transformer, a magnetic encoder and a Hall sensor.
4. A control method of a starting and power generation controller of a doubly salient direct-current excitation generator is characterized by comprising the following steps: a starting and generating controller for a doubly salient dc excited generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the MCU is controlled by the following method:
when the generator reversely drags and starts the engine, the position information of the rotor (18) controls the IGBT driving circuit to carry out phase change switch, and starting torque is output; if the current rotating speed of the engine is higher than the starting rotating speed of the engine, the reverse dragging is successful, and a power generation control strategy is converted;
the power generation control strategy is divided into IGBT active rectification power generation or diode rectification power generation; under the low-rotation-speed power generation working condition, IGBT active rectification is adopted for power generation, and at the moment, a diode in a diode rectification circuit provides follow current for an IGBT driving circuit; under the high-rotating-speed power generation working condition, the diode is adopted for rectification power generation, the IGBT driving circuit is switched off in a full-bridge mode at the moment, and the diode rectification circuit independently rectifies the power generation.
5. The control method of the starting and generating controller of the doubly salient DC excitation generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the IGBT actively rectifies and generates power, the MCU controls the excitation control circuit to keep the excitation current constant; the duty ratio of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal in the IGBT driving circuit and the phase commutation angle of the switch are dynamically adjusted through the MCU, so that the current or power of direct current power generation can be dynamically regulated and controlled.
6. The control method of the starting and generating controller of the doubly salient DC excitation generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the diode rectifies for power generation, the MCU controls the excitation control circuit to dynamically adjust the magnitude of the direct current excitation current, and the current magnitude or the power magnitude of the direct current power generation can be dynamically adjusted and controlled.
7. The control method of the starting and generating controller of the doubly salient DC excitation generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the rotating speed of the generator is greater than 70% of the rated generating rotating speed, the high-rotating-speed generating working condition is adopted, and a diode rectification generating control strategy is adopted; when the rotating speed of the generator is less than or equal to 70% of the rated generating rotating speed, the low-rotating-speed generating working condition is adopted, and an IGBT active rectification generating control strategy is adopted.
8. The control method of the starting and generating controller of the doubly salient DC excitation generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the generator reversely drags and starts the engine, the MCU controls the exciting current to the maximum allowable current through the excitation control circuit.
9. The control method of the starting and generating controller of the doubly salient dc excited generator according to claim 8, characterized in that: and the MCU respectively controls and keeps the conduction of the three full-bridge lower tubes through the IGBT driving circuit, and carries out PWM chopping control on the three full-bridge upper tubes.
10. The control method of the starting and generating controller of the doubly salient dc excited generator according to claim 9, characterized in that: MCU (20) calculates alpha electrical angle control entering rotational speed, and when the rotational speed of generator was higher than alpha electrical angle control entering rotational speed, MCU preceded alpha electrical angle with the conduction angle of full-bridge top tube after, and the rethread respectively control keeps switching on of three full-bridge lower tube, carries out PWM chopping control to three full-bridge top tube.
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| CN111605713A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-01 | 扬州翊翔航空科技有限公司 | Hybrid rectifying device and control method of hybrid power system of unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN114079404A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Parallel-structure double-salient-pole high-voltage direct-current starting power generation system and starting control method thereof |
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