CN115549510A - Myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero direct current component output - Google Patents
Myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero direct current component output Download PDFInfo
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- CN115549510A CN115549510A CN202110726088.5A CN202110726088A CN115549510A CN 115549510 A CN115549510 A CN 115549510A CN 202110726088 A CN202110726088 A CN 202110726088A CN 115549510 A CN115549510 A CN 115549510A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
- H03K3/57—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a semiconductor device
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
Abstract
The invention provides a myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero direct current component output, which comprises: the power supply boosting unit is used for boosting the power supply voltage of the battery to an input voltage; the signal level conversion unit is used for realizing the on-off of the input voltage according to the PWM signal input by the processor; the high-frequency voltage transformation unit is used for boosting the input voltage and outputting the boosted input voltage to the load unit when the signal level conversion unit is started so as to form a positive half pulse waveform of the load unit, and refluxing the current of the load unit when the signal level conversion unit is turned off so as to form a negative half pulse waveform of the load unit, so that the direct-current component of the load unit is zero; and a load unit. The invention realizes the voltage boosting and discharging of the circuit through the high-frequency voltage transformation unit, makes the direct-current component of the load unit be zero, has simple circuit and easy realization, and can effectively reduce the circuit cost and improve the performance and the stability of the circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical equipment design, and particularly relates to a myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero direct current component output.
Background
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation refers to any treatment that utilizes low frequency pulsed current to stimulate nerves or muscles, cause muscle contraction, enhance muscle function, or treat muscle disorders. The basic pulse waveform of the myoelectric stimulation is a rectangular wave with negative recoil, and can also be a triangular wave, a square wave or other pulses proven to be safe and effective. If the positive and negative directions of the pulse are asymmetric, the electric quantity of the positive and negative waves is not completely equal, the safety requirement of zero direct current component output cannot be met, and the following phenomena exist:
1) Stimulating output electrode polarization phenomena.
2) The patient is treated by the unbalanced waveform instrument to cause the electrochemical reaction of the stimulated part of the human tissue to cause injury.
3) The adaptation phenomenon to the stimulator is that after the same stimulation is performed for a period of time, the sensitivity of the sense organ to the stimulation is reduced, and the sense is weakened.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero dc component output, which is used to solve the problems that the myoelectric stimulation circuit in the prior art cannot guarantee the safety requirement of zero dc component output and cannot realize signal boosting.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing a positive-negative pulse zero dc component output, the myoelectric stimulation circuit comprising: the power supply boosting unit is used for boosting the power supply voltage of the battery to an input voltage; the signal level conversion unit is used for realizing the on-off of the input voltage according to the PWM signal input by the processor; the high-frequency voltage transformation unit is connected with the signal level conversion unit and used for boosting the input voltage and outputting the boosted input voltage to the load unit when the signal level conversion unit is started so as to form a positive half pulse waveform of the load unit, and refluxing the current of the load unit when the signal level conversion unit is turned off so as to form a negative half pulse waveform of the load unit and finally make the direct-current component of the load unit be zero; and the load unit is connected with the high-frequency transformation unit and used for generating positive pulse current under the voltage input by the high-frequency transformation unit and generating negative pulse current until the direct-current component is zero when the high-frequency transformation unit stops inputting the voltage.
Optionally, the signal level conversion unit includes a switching transistor, a first resistor, and a freewheeling diode, a first pole of the switching transistor is connected to an anode of the freewheeling diode and a first input terminal of the high-frequency transforming unit, a second pole of the switching transistor is grounded, a control pole of the switching transistor is connected to the PWM signal input by the processor, a cathode of the freewheeling diode is connected to a first end of the first resistor and a second input terminal of the high-frequency transforming unit, and a second end of the first resistor is connected to the input voltage.
Optionally, the switching transistor is an NPN transistor, the first electrode of the switching transistor is an emitter, the second electrode of the switching transistor is a collector, and the control electrode is a base.
Optionally, a second resistor is further connected in series between the control electrode of the switching transistor and the PWM signal input by the processor.
Optionally, the high-frequency transforming unit includes a primary coil and a secondary coil coupled to each other, the number of turns of the primary coil is less than the number of turns of the secondary coil, two ends of the primary coil are used as a first input end and a second input end of the high-frequency transforming unit to input the input voltage, and two ends of the secondary coil are respectively connected to two ends of the load unit and used for outputting the boosted input voltage to the load unit.
Optionally, the coil turn ratio of the primary coil to the secondary coil is 1:2-1.
Optionally, when the PWM signal inputted by the processor makes the input voltage conductive, the input voltage is boosted by the coupled primary coil and secondary coil and outputted to the load unit to form a positive half pulse waveform of the load unit;
when the PWM signal input by the processor enables the input voltage to be turned off, the load unit discharges through the secondary coil to form a negative half pulse waveform of the load unit, and finally the direct-current component of the load unit is enabled to be zero.
Optionally, the load cell is a load between two selected contact points on the human body.
Optionally, the contact point is selected from one of a head, a neck, a shoulder, a back, and a limb in a human body.
The invention also provides an electrotherapy device which comprises the electromyography stimulation circuit used for realizing positive and negative pulse zero direct current component output.
As described above, the myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero dc component output according to the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the voltage boosting and discharging of the circuit through the high-frequency transformation unit, can make the direct-current component of the load unit be zero, has simple circuit and easy realization, and can effectively reduce the circuit cost and improve the performance and the stability of the circuit. Meanwhile, the high-frequency transformation unit has a boosting effect, a secondary boosting circuit of a front-end power supply can be reduced, and the boosting design of the power supply is effectively simplified.
The control signal of the invention is simple, the control of the circuit can be completed only by one path of PWM signal, the circuit problem can not occur, and the stability of the circuit can be effectively improved.
The signal output direct current component of the invention is realized by hardware, does not need additional software control, and is particularly suitable for being applied to safety circuits.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an H-bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a waveform diagram of an H-bridge circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a parallel discharge resistor at a load end according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit block diagram of an electromyographic stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero dc component output according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electromyographic stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero dc component output according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
10. Power supply boosting unit
20. Signal level conversion unit
30. High-frequency voltage transformation unit
40. Load cell
Q1 switching transistor
R1 first resistor
D1 Freewheeling diode
S1 primary coil
S2 Secondary coil
R3 second resistance
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As in the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structures are not partially enlarged in general scale for convenience of illustration, and the schematic views are only examples, which should not limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.
Spatially relative terms, such as "under," "below," "lower," "below," "over," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for convenience in describing the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these terms of spatial relationship are intended to encompass other orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. Further, when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present.
In the context of this application, a structure described as having a first feature "on" a second feature may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features are formed in between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
The following ways to achieve zero dc component output are possible:
the first is that 4 switching tubes are adopted to realize zero direct current component output by adopting an H bridge, and the actual circuit is shown in figure 1, and the working principle is as follows: when the switch tube Q2 and the switch tube Q5 are opened and the load is positive voltage when the switch tube Q3 and the switch tube Q4 are closed, then the switch tube Q3 and the switch tube Q4 are opened, and when the switch tube Q2 and the switch tube Q5 are closed, the output is negative voltage, the time ratio of the positive voltage and the negative voltage is controlled, and the waveform diagram is shown in fig. 2, namely, the direct current component of the output waveform can be ensured to be zero. The circuit for realizing zero direct current component by the H bridge has the following characteristics:
1) The output of the waveform is mainly realized by the matching of 4 switching tubes (Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5), and if the control of a processor is unexpected, the final direct current component is difficult to ensure, so that the requirement of safety is not suitable.
2) 4 switching tubes (Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5) need to be controlled, the requirement on a processor is high, and if any upper switching tube and any lower switching tube are conducted at the same time, a fryer is generated.
3) The circuit is complicated, and each switching tube needs a driving circuit for converting a low-voltage control signal into high-voltage control.
The second is a circuit with a discharge resistor connected in parallel at the load end, and the circuit diagram is as shown in fig. 3, discharging is performed at the time of the positive point charge disconnection of the output pulse, and finally the purpose of charge balance is achieved by not accumulating the charge at the treatment part of the patient, wherein, Q1 and Q2 are high-voltage switch circuits, R3 is a load resistor, and R4 is a discharge resistor connected in parallel on the load. The circuit has the following characteristics:
1) The circuit is simple, and only a simple switch for controlling high voltage is needed
2) The control is simple, only one signal is needed for control, and no requirement is made on the control signal
3) The balance circuit is simple, and the time sequence problem of the balance circuit does not need to be considered
4) The final dc component cannot be guaranteed; if the discharge resistance is too small, the efficiency of the circuit is too poor; the discharge resistance is too large to ensure that the discharge of electricity is completed within the time of high voltage disconnection.
In summary, the above-mentioned scheme of implementing zero dc component output by using H-bridge can achieve the effect, but the problem of control signal is easy to explode, and is not suitable for the safety requirement. According to the scheme for realizing zero direct current component output by adopting the discharge resistor, although the circuit is simple and easy to realize, the effect of zero direct current component output cannot be guaranteed, and the output efficiency of the circuit is also poor. In addition, neither circuit has a function of boosting a signal.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the present embodiment provides a myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero dc component output, and the myoelectric stimulation circuit includes: power supply boosting section 10, signal level converting section 20, high frequency transforming section 30, and load section 40.
As shown in fig. 4, the power supply boosting unit 10 is used for boosting the supply voltage of the battery to the input voltage. For example, the power supply boosting unit 10 may boost the supply voltage of the battery to about 20V.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the signal level converting unit 20 is configured to switch the input voltage according to a PWM signal input by the processor.
As shown in fig. 5, the signal level conversion unit 20 includes, as an example, a switching transistor Q1, a first resistor R1, and a freewheeling diode D1, a first pole of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to an anode of the freewheeling diode D1 and a first input terminal of the high-frequency transforming unit 30, a second pole is grounded, a control pole is connected to the PWM signal input by the processor, a cathode of the freewheeling diode D1 is connected to a first end of the first resistor R1 and a second input terminal of the high-frequency transforming unit 30, and a second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the input voltage. The first resistor R1 and the freewheeling diode D1 can effectively protect the switching transistor Q1, so that the shock resistance of the switching transistor Q1 to large current is improved, and the stability of the circuit can be greatly improved.
In a specific implementation process, the switching transistor Q1 is an NPN-type triode, the first pole of the switching transistor Q1 is an emitter, the second pole of the switching transistor Q1 is a collector, and the control electrode is a base.
Of course, in other embodiments, the switching transistor Q1 may also be implemented by a field effect transistor (MOS), such as an NMOS transistor or a PMOS transistor, and is not limited to the above-listed examples.
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, a second resistor R3 is further connected in series between the control electrode of the switching transistor Q1 and the PWM signal input by the processor, so as to protect the control electrode of the switching transistor Q1.
The high-frequency transforming unit 30 is connected to the signal level converting unit 20, and configured to boost the input voltage and output the boosted input voltage to the load unit 40 when the signal level converting unit 20 is turned on, so as to form a positive half pulse waveform of the load unit 40, and return the current of the load unit 40 when the signal level converting unit 20 is turned off, so as to form a negative half pulse waveform of the load unit 40, and finally make the dc component of the load unit 40 zero.
As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, the high-frequency transforming unit 30 includes a primary coil S1 and a secondary coil S2 coupled to each other, the number of turns of the primary coil S1 is smaller than that of the secondary coil S2, so as to achieve voltage boosting when an input voltage is coupled from the primary coil S1 to the secondary coil S2, wherein two ends of the primary coil S1 are used as a first input end and a second input end of the high-frequency transforming unit 30 to input the input voltage, and two ends of the secondary coil S2 are respectively connected to two ends of the load unit 40, so as to output the boosted input voltage to the load unit 40.
For example, the winding turns ratio of the primary winding S1 to the secondary winding S2 is 1:2-1, and for example, the winding turns ratio of the primary winding S1 to the secondary winding S2 may be 1. The number of turns and the proportion of the specific coil of the primary coil S1 and the specific coil of the secondary coil S2 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the flexibility and the application range of the circuit design are greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the operation principle of the high frequency transforming unit 30 includes:
when the PWM signal inputted by the processor turns on the input voltage, for example, when the PWM signal is inputted at a high level to turn on the switching transistor Q1, a current flows through the primary winding S1 under the action of the input voltage, and the secondary winding S2 induces a boost voltage and outputs the boost voltage to the load unit 40, that is, the input voltage is boosted by the coupled primary winding S1 and secondary winding S2 and output to the load unit 40, so as to form a positive half pulse waveform of the load unit 40.
When the PWM signal input by the processor turns off the input voltage, for example, when the PWM signal input is low level to turn off the switching transistor Q1, the load unit 40 discharges through the secondary winding S2 to form a negative half pulse waveform of the load unit 40, and finally makes the dc component of the load unit 40 zero. Specifically, by controlling the time ratio of the high level and the low level of the PWM signal, the dc component of the load unit 40 can be made to be zero without fail, in a specific embodiment, the time ratio of the high level and the low level of the PWM signal is 1.
As shown in fig. 5, the load unit 40 is connected to the high-frequency transforming unit 30, and is configured to generate a positive pulse current under the voltage input by the high-frequency transforming unit 30, and generate a negative pulse current until the dc component is zero when the high-frequency transforming unit 30 stops inputting the voltage.
As an example, the load cell 40 is a load between two selected contact points on the human body. Preferably, the contact point is selected from one of a head, a neck, a shoulder, a back and an extremity in a human body.
For example, in one embodiment, the two contact points are both provided on the neck of the human body to electrically treat the neck of the human body; in another embodiment, the two contact points are both disposed on the shoulder of the human body to perform electrotherapy on the shoulder of the human body; in another embodiment, the two contact points are respectively arranged on the left lower limb and the right lower limb of the human body, and the stimulation parts of the two contact points are symmetrical to each other, so that the two contact points can be used for rehabilitation exercises for promoting the human body to return to walking.
The present embodiment also provides an electrotherapy apparatus including the myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero dc component output as described in any one of the above.
As described above, the myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero dc component output according to the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the voltage boosting and discharging of the circuit through the high-frequency transformation unit 30, can make the direct current component of the load unit 40 zero, has simple circuit and easy realization, and can effectively reduce the circuit cost and improve the performance and the stability of the circuit. Meanwhile, the high-frequency transformation unit 30 of the present invention has a boosting effect, which can reduce the number of secondary boosting circuits of the front-end power supply, and effectively simplify the boosting design of the power supply.
The control signal of the invention is simple, the control of the circuit can be completed only by one path of PWM signal, the circuit problem can not occur, and the stability of the circuit can be effectively improved.
The signal output direct current component of the invention is realized by depending on hardware, does not need additional software control, and is particularly suitable for being applied to safety circuits.
Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electromyographic stimulation circuit for enabling positive and negative pulsed zero dc component output, the electromyographic stimulation circuit comprising:
the power supply boosting unit is used for boosting the power supply voltage of the battery to an input voltage;
the signal level conversion unit is used for realizing the on-off of the input voltage according to the PWM signal input by the processor;
the high-frequency voltage transformation unit is connected with the signal level conversion unit and used for boosting the input voltage and outputting the boosted input voltage to the load unit when the signal level conversion unit is started so as to form a positive half pulse waveform of the load unit, and refluxing the current of the load unit when the signal level conversion unit is turned off so as to form a negative half pulse waveform of the load unit and finally make the direct-current component of the load unit be zero;
and the load unit is connected with the high-frequency transformation unit and used for generating positive pulse current under the voltage input by the high-frequency transformation unit and generating negative pulse current until the direct-current component is zero when the high-frequency transformation unit stops inputting the voltage.
2. The myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero-DC component output according to claim 1, characterized in that: the signal level conversion unit comprises a switch transistor, a first resistor and a freewheeling diode, wherein a first pole of the switch transistor is connected with an anode of the freewheeling diode and a first input end of the high-frequency voltage transformation unit, a second pole of the switch transistor is grounded, a control pole of the switch transistor is connected with a PWM signal input by the processor, a cathode of the freewheeling diode is connected with a first end of the first resistor and a second input end of the high-frequency voltage transformation unit, and a second end of the first resistor is connected with an input voltage.
3. The myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero-DC component output according to claim 1, characterized in that: the switching transistor is an NPN type triode, the first pole of the switching transistor is an emitting pole, the second pole of the switching transistor is a collecting pole, and the control pole is a base pole.
4. The myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero-DC component output according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a second resistor is connected between the control electrode of the switching transistor and the PWM signal input by the processor in series.
5. The myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero-DC component output according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-frequency transformation unit comprises a primary coil and a secondary coil which are coupled, the number of turns of the primary coil is smaller than that of the turns of the secondary coil, two ends of the primary coil are used as a first input end and a second input end of the high-frequency transformation unit to input the input voltage, and two ends of the secondary coil are respectively connected with two ends of the load unit and used for outputting the boosted input voltage to the load unit.
6. The myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero DC component output according to claim 5, characterized in that: the coil turn ratio of the primary coil to the secondary coil is 1:2-1.
7. The myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero-DC component output according to claim 5, characterized in that:
when the PWM signal input by the processor enables the input voltage to be conducted, the input voltage is boosted through the coupled primary coil and secondary coil and is output to the load unit, so that a positive half pulse waveform of the load unit is formed;
when the PWM signal input by the processor enables the input voltage to be turned off, the load unit discharges through the secondary coil to form a negative half pulse waveform of the load unit, and finally the direct-current component of the load unit is enabled to be zero.
8. The myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero-DC component output according to claim 1, characterized in that: the load cell is a load between two selected contact points on the human body.
9. The myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero-direct-current component output according to claim 8, characterized in that: the contact point is selected from one of a head, a neck, a shoulder, a back, and an extremity of a human body.
10. An electrotherapy device, characterized in that said electrotherapy device comprises an electromyographic stimulation circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for implementing a positive-negative pulse zero dc component output.
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| CN202110726088.5A CN115549510A (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero direct current component output |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110726088.5A CN115549510A (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Myoelectric stimulation circuit for realizing positive and negative pulse zero direct current component output |
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