CN1155449C - Component and tissue controllable laser stereoforming method - Google Patents
Component and tissue controllable laser stereoforming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1155449C CN1155449C CNB021144745A CN02114474A CN1155449C CN 1155449 C CN1155449 C CN 1155449C CN B021144745 A CNB021144745 A CN B021144745A CN 02114474 A CN02114474 A CN 02114474A CN 1155449 C CN1155449 C CN 1155449C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a component and tissue controllable laser stereoforming method. In a laser stereoforming process, the kinds and the ingredients of materials are adjusted and controlled in real time by multiway powder delivery and the adjustment and control of a dynamic state tissue to reach the laser stereoforming of gradient materials or complicated complex gradient. The present invention has the advantages of reliable methods, simpleness and easy execution and does not make large changes to an original laser stereoforming system. One mixer (9) needs to be added. According to materials needed to be prepared, the kind of powder needed to be fed, the group number of a powder feeder (8) and the number of powder flowing into pipelines (12) are determined. According to processing technical processes, a computer (10) drives the powder feeder (8) to deliver powder. By the flow rate and the flow state signal of multi-path powder, collected by a sensor, the powder delivery amount and the powder delivery state of the powder feeder (8) are accurately controlled in synchronism. After the multi-path powder is evenly mixed, the multi-path powder is fed into a laser molten pool (4) through a nozzle (2) for rapid prototyping.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of composition and organize controlled laser solid forming method, particularly the adjustable powder delivery method of high accuracy multichannel and organize regulate and control method accordingly in the laser solid forming technology.
Background technology:
The laser solid forming technology is an advanced manufacturing technology that can realize compact metal parts near-net-shape that grows up on the basis of rapid prototyping technology in recent years, compare with traditional rapid prototyping technology, the laser solid forming technology has not only kept rapid prototyping technology processing flexibility good (not needing specific purpose tool and anchor clamps), process velocity is fast, complexity to parts waits characteristics substantially without limits, and owing to adopt laser instrument as machining tool and direct deposite metal/alloy powder, therefore resulting is the compact metal parts that can satisfy instructions for use.In addition, the laser solid forming technology can realize the near-net-shape of parts, can save material significantly, shorten the process-cycle, can reduce significantly therefore that some are valuable, the manufacturing cost of difficult-to-machine material.
The feeding style that laser solid forming adopts mainly contains powder feeding and two kinds of methods of wire feed, and wherein, powder-feeding method mainly is divided into two kinds of shop powder method, synchronous powder feeding system methods.Shop powder method be metal dust or the metal dust that is mixed with binding agent directly are laid on matrix or preceding one deck metal coating of having solidified on, form new one deck coating thereby under the laser beam irradiation, carry out the constituency sintering by the numerical control table, NC table motion.The synchronous powder feeding system method is when laser beam scans base material, synchronously metal dust is directly sent in the laser molten pool and melted, the motion of numerical control table, NC table simultaneously drives the motion of shaping parts, thereby forms new one deck coating on matrix or preceding one deck metal coating of having solidified.Wire feed method is to adopt a cover synchronous wire feed mechanism, the silk material is fed in the laser molten pool,, the utilization rate of sending material to is improved by sending to of control silk material, solve the problem of oxidation in the forming process simultaneously, thereby guaranteed the dimensional accuracy and the surface smoothness of parts.The preparation that currently used shop powder method and synchronous powder feeding system method can only be carried out material of the same race or simple two, three material drip moldings usually is shaped, can not in the laser solid forming process, carry out the adjustment of powder kind or composition in real time, and wire feed method is subjected to its restriction of sending mode and silk material yardstick to, also can't realize composition regulation and control fully freely.
Can easily the be shaped three-dimensional appearance of designed parts of laser solid forming method.But owing to limited by its feeding style, can not in the laser solid forming process, carry out real-time monitoring by kind or the composition to material, thereby just have bigger shortcoming, let alone some complicated composite gradient materials that are shaped at the laser solid forming of functionally gradient material (FGM).
Summary of the invention:
For the dynamic element control that realizes the dispensing of material powder in the laser solid forming process and the real-time organizational controls in the drip molding, the present invention proposes a kind of composition and organize controlled laser solid forming method.
A kind of composition and organize controlled laser solid forming method, it is characterized in that: by the dispensing of multichannel powder and dynamic organization's regulation and control, kind or composition to material carry out real-time monitoring, the dispensing of multichannel powder is according to requirements such as the component structural intensity that is formed, material is designed and then definite required kind with powder, the way of powder feeding, and by computer (1) the in real time flow and the fluidised form of each road powder material of Synchronization Control, adjust its dynamic proportioning, the powder kind in the laser molten pool is sent in adjustment, and accurately controls the flow of powder.
Dynamic organization's regulation and control are according to the material property of drip molding and tissue design, by numerical computations or previous experiments, obtain parameters such as laser power density, sweep speed and the thermograde of part and the relation of setting rate, and then by tissue selection figure, obtain the influence rule of these forming parameter to the moulding material interior tissue, in forming process, by adjusting the mode of power density and sweep speed, cooperate the regulation and control of material powder total amount simultaneously, the composition of bond material, control the parameter of solidifying in its laser melting process, drip molding is organized intervened.
General alloy material is shaped, because it is lower that materials processing requires, to the no specific (special) requirements of tissue, can be without mixed flow device 9, by two or more independently nozzles 3 two or more powders are sent into laser molten pool 4, just can make homogenization of composition by the strong convection current in the laser molten pool 4.
Shaping gradient body material parts or complex gradient body material parts, can select three groups for use to many group powder feeders 8, cooperate powder feeder 8 raw meal to be sent into mixed flow chamber 13 through powder stream input pipe 12, import gas by secondary air input pipe 11, after raw material is fully mixed, deliver to nozzle 3 by 14 derivation of mixed powder later and decadent stage of a school of thought efferent duct in mixed flow chamber 13.
A kind of composition and organize controlled laser solid forming method supporting mixed flow device, it is characterized in that: by secondary air input pipe 11, powder stream input pipe 12, mixed flow chamber 13 and mixed powder later and decadent stage of a school of thought efferent duct 14 constitute, secondary air input pipe 11 is positioned at directly over the mixed flow chamber 13, flow input pipes 12 at the top of mixed flow chamber 13, a plurality of powder that are distributed with of secondary air input pipe 11 on every side, mixed powder later and decadent stage of a school of thought efferent duct 14 is positioned at 13 belows, mixed flow chamber and is connected with nozzle 3.
The present invention's advantage compared to existing technology is: in the laser solid forming process, can realize pattern, composition and Microstructure Control to any three-dimensional parts, reach the laser solid forming of functionally gradient material (FGM).
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is for composition and organize controlled laser solid forming method flow block diagram
Fig. 2 is for composition and organize controlled laser solid forming method course of work schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is a mixed flow device schematic diagram
1. laser instruments among the figure, 2. laser head, 3. nozzle, 4. laser molten pool, 5. drip molding, 6. base material, 7. numerical control table, NC table, 8. powder feeder, 9. mixed flow device, 10. computer, 11. the secondary air input pipe, 12. powder stream input pipe, mixed flow chambers 13., 14. mixed powder later and decadent stage of a school of thought efferent ducts
The specific embodiment:
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, at first in computer 10, generate the three-dimensional CAD model of parts according to the shape of drip molding, then model is pressed certain thickness layering " section ", the three-dimensional data information translation that is about to parts becomes a series of two dimensional surface information, determine multichannel powder dispensing ratio according to the composition of drip molding and structural design again at diverse location, and according to the performance of drip molding or organize designing requirement, analyze dynamic organization's regulation and control scheme, determine the laser forming technological parameter of diverse location, and these are controlled parameter in real time send into formation control information in real time synchronously in the computer 1 equally, just can implement laser solid forming to the compound 3D solid parts of any many materials.Laser head 2 track while scans just, simultaneously according to prepared material, definite needs are sent the kind of powder to, and then the group number of definite powder feeder 8, adopt the multichannel powder feeding simultaneously of many group powder feeders 8, computer 10 is according to processing process, drive and respectively organize powder feeder 8 powder feedings, and the flow of each road powder of gathering by sensor and fluidised form signal synchronously accurately control respectively organize the powder sending quantity and the powder feeding state of powder feeder 8, each road powder is sent in the laser molten pool 4 that laser beam forms through nozzle 2 and to be shaped fast after mixed flow device 9 mixes.In forming process, computer 10 is simultaneously according to the real-time forming technology control scheme of setting, real-time monitoring by laser instrument 1 power or adjust the size that laser head 2 changes focal beam spots, and controlled real-time power output density and sweep speed by the numerical control table, NC table 7 and the relative motion of laser head 2, with the solidified structure of dynamic real-time control drip molding.Adjusting power density, isoparametric while of sweep speed, can coordinate the total flow of powder to stablize processing technology by computer 10.
Wherein, the dispensing of multichannel powder is according to requirements such as the component structural intensity that is formed, material is designed and then definite required kind with powder the way of powder feeding, and flow and fluidised form by computer 1 real-time each road powder material of Synchronization Control, adjust its dynamic proportioning.Like this, in the laser fast forming process,, adjust the powder kind of sending in the laser molten pool synchronously in real time, and accurately control the flow of powder along with the scanning of laser beam to base material.
Dynamic organization's regulation and control are according to the material property of drip molding and tissue design, at first by numerical computations or previous experiments, obtain laser power density, parameters and the thermograde of part and the relation of setting rate such as sweep speed, and then by tissue selection figure, obtain the influence rule of these forming parameter to the moulding material interior tissue, like this, in forming process, can be by adjusting the mode of power density and sweep speed, cooperate the regulation and control of material powder total amount simultaneously, the composition of bond material is controlled the parameter of solidifying in its laser melting process, drip molding is organized intervened.
For guaranteeing that each road powder can mix through mixed flow device 9, the circuit design in the mixed flow device 9 must can produce mixed uniformly effect to the powder stream of being sent into by powder stream intake line 12 by each road powder feeder; For guaranteeing that the powder proportioning has the better dynamic response, should reduce the powder hold-up in the mixed flow chamber 13.For realizing this two purposes, auxiliary transmission airflow pipeline 11 can be set on mixed flow device 9 to send into auxiliary transmission airflow.Powder behind the mixing outputs to nozzle 3 by mixed powder later and decadent stage of a school of thought output pipe 14.
Drip molding to the not high situation of required precision under, each road powder can directly be sent in the laser laser molten pool 4 through individual nozzle 3 separately and be shaped fast.But must guarantee that all converge in the laser molten pool 4 through the powder stream that nozzle is sent.
With reference to Fig. 3, a kind of composition and organize controlled laser solid forming method supporting mixed flow device, it is characterized in that: by secondary air input pipe 11, powder stream input pipe 12, mixed flow chamber 13 and mixed powder later and decadent stage of a school of thought efferent duct 14 constitute, secondary air input pipe 11 is positioned at directly over the mixed flow chamber 13, flows input pipes 12 at the top of mixed flow chamber 13, a plurality of powder that are distributed with of secondary air input pipe 11 on every side, and mixed powder later and decadent stage of a school of thought efferent duct 14 is positioned at 13 belows, mixed flow chamber and is connected with nozzle 3.
Application Example one:
AlSn6Cu-92Pb8Sb class bearing shell functionally gradient material (FGM) part forming.Inner surface is the 92Pb8Sb alloy, radially changes with AlSn6Cu volume ratio from 0% to 100% from inside to outside, and outermost layer is the AlSn6Cu alloy material, to the no specific (special) requirements of tissue.
At first design with layering and handle by 10 pairs of AlSn6Cu-92Pb8Sb classes of computer bearing shell functionally gradient material (FGM) part model, form series of parallel in the track while scan of X-Y plane, simultaneous computer 10 calculates corresponding AlSn6Cu alloy and 92Pb8Sb alloy powder proportioning according to the Structural Design Requirement of functionally gradient material (FGM) along track while scan, and memory scanning track and compositional data.
Forming process adopts the continuous CO of 5kW
2Laser instrument 1, laser output power 2.5～3.5kW, protection gas is argon gas.Laser beam forms the laser molten pool 4 of certain size on base material 6 through laser head 2, and under the drive of numerical control table, NC table 7, the track while scan that is generated according to computer 10 scans on base material 6 surfaces, after having scanned one deck, laser head 2 and powder feeder nozzle 8 follow procedures are set along the Z axle segment distance Δ Z that rises, and apply layer of material down according to the sweep trace of one deck down again.In whole scanning process, computer 10 is also controlled two-way powder dispensing subsystem and is sent into AlSn6Cu alloy and 92Pb8Sb alloy powder respectively according to predefined dynamic proportioning in laser molten pool in 7 motions of control numerical control table, NC table.After all layer has all applied, just obtained AlSn6Cu-92Pb8Sb class bearing shell functionally gradient material (FGM) part.
Because it is lower that materials processing requires, the powder feed system in this processing unit (plant) does not adopt mixed flow device 9, and be to use two independently nozzle 3 two kinds of powders are sent into laser molten pool 4, only depend on the strong convection current in the laser molten pool 4 just can satisfy the homogenization of composition requirement.
Application Example two:
The shaping of SS316-In690 layered gradient body material parts, its interior tissue is vertically with the brilliant oriented growth of row shape, if in gradient transitional lay, only change from 0% to 100% with the volume ratio of different materials simply, to occur remaining bone columnar ferrite or remaining eutectic ferrite in the transition zone and cause the hardness softened zone, the local performance of transition zone is weakened to some extent.Therefore in the preparation forming process of gradient transitional lay, under the situation that does not influence whole component gradient structure, consider suitably to add other components of trace, and provide suitable curing condition, to eliminate the hardness softened zone in the gradient transitional lay, the micro-constituent element X and the required forming parameter of being added comprise that laser power density and sweep speed can pass through PHASE DIAGRAM CALCULATION, and methods such as tissue simulation or test are determined.
At first design with layering and handle by 10 pairs of SS316-In690 layered gradients of computer body material parts model, form series of parallel in the track while scan of X-Y plane, simultaneously according to designing requirement, according to organizing the desired control parameter of solidifying in row shape crystals growth district among the selection figure, generate corresponding powder proportioning, laser power, sweep speed data along track while scan.Laser power density is realized by changing laser output power in the present embodiment.
Adopt 5kW laser instrument 1, laser output power is adjustable between 1.5～4.5kW, and protection gas is argon gas.Laser beam is through laser head 2, on base material 6, form the laser molten pool 4 of certain size, and under the drive of numerical control table, NC table 7, the track while scan and the sweep speed that are generated according to computer 10 scan at substrate surface, after having scanned one deck, laser beam and powder feeder nozzle 3 follow procedures are set along the Z axle segment distance Δ Z that rises, and apply layer of material down according to the sweep trace of one deck down again.In whole scanning process, computer 10 is in 7 motions of control numerical control table, NC table, control multichannel powder dispensing subsystem is sent into SS316, In690 and X-alloy powder according to predefined dynamic proportioning in laser molten pool, and adjust laser output power in real time, after all layer has all applied, just obtained SS316-In690 layered gradient body material forming spare 5.
Relate to three kinds of powder materials and the powder uniformity is had higher requirements owing to produce, so multichannel powder dispensing subsystem adopts three road powder feeders 8, and used mixed flow device 9 to come mixed powder.
Application Example three:
SS316-In690-AlNi
3The shaping of complex gradient body material parts.This part exists SS316-In690 gradient transitional lay, SS316-AlNi
3Gradient transitional lay, In690-AlNi
3Gradient transitional lay and SS316-In690-AlNi
3Gradient transition zone.The smooth transition of composition and performance between the consideration different materials, therefore in the preparation forming process of gradient transitional lay, under the situation that does not influence whole component gradient structure, suitably add other components of trace, to eliminate the performance weakening region in the gradient transitional lay, the micro-constituent element X1 that zones of different is added, X2, X3, and corresponding forming parameter, comprise laser power density and sweep speed, can determine by methods such as PHASE DIAGRAM CALCULATION and tissue simulation or tests.
At first by 10 couples of SS316-In690-AlNi of computer
3Complex gradient body material parts model designs with layering and handles, and forms series of parallel in the track while scan of X-Y plane, generates corresponding powder proportioning, laser power, sweep speed data according to designing requirement along track while scan simultaneously.Laser power density changes spot size and realizes by adjusting laser head 2 in the production.
Adopt the continuous CO of 5kW
2Laser instrument 1, laser output power 2.5～3.5kW, protection gas is argon gas.Laser beam is through laser head 2, on base material 6, form the laser molten pool 4 of certain size, and under the drive of numerical control table, NC table 7, the track while scan and the sweep speed that are generated according to computer 10 scan at substrate surface, after having scanned one deck, laser head 2 and powder feeder nozzle 3 follow procedures are set along the Z axle segment distance Δ Z that rises, and apply layer of material down according to the sweep trace of one deck down again.
In laser beam flying, computer 10 is provided and delivered subsystem with SS316 alloy, In690 alloy and AlNi in five independent powder feeders 8 according to the Structural Design Requirement control multichannel powder of functionally gradient material (FGM)
3And component X1, X2, X3 powder send in laser molten pool 4 via mixed flow device 9 according to required proportioning, and simultaneous computer 10 sends instruction to laser head 2, changes the laser facula yardstick, to obtain required laser power density.After all layer applies and finishes, just obtained SS316-In690-AlNi
3Complex gradient body material parts.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of composition and organize controlled laser solid forming method, it is characterized in that: 1) at first generate three-dimensional CAD model according to the shape of drip molding (5) in computer (10), the data message with this three-dimensional CAD model converts a series of two dimensional surface information to then;
2) according to the composition and the Structural Design Requirement of drip molding (5), determine group number at the dispensing of multichannel powder ratio, the kind that need send powder to and the powder feeder (8) of diverse location, and these are controlled parameter in real time send in the computer (10), forming process is carried out synchronously control in real time;
3) computer (10) is according to processing process, drive and respectively organize powder feeder (8) powder feeding, and the flow of each road powder of gathering by sensor and fluidised form signal synchronously accurately control respectively organize the powder sending quantity and the powder feeding state of powder feeder (8), each road powder is sent in the laser molten pool (4) that laser beam forms through nozzle (2) and to be shaped fast after mixed flow device (9) mixes.
2, composition as claimed in claim 1 and organize controlled laser solid forming method, it is characterized in that: said multichannel powder dispensing is according to being formed the component structural requirement of strength, material is designed and then definite required kind with powder, the way of powder feeding, and, adjust its dynamic proportioning and send into powder kind in the laser molten pool by computer (10) the in real time flow and the fluidised form of each road powder material of Synchronization Control.
3, composition as claimed in claim 1 and organize controlled laser solid forming method, it is characterized in that: said real-time control is according to the material property of drip molding and tissue design, by numerical computations or previous experiments, obtain laser power density, parameters and the thermograde of part and the relation of setting rate such as sweep speed, and these forming parameter are to the rule that influences of moulding material interior tissue, by adjusting the mode of power density and sweep speed, cooperate the regulation and control of material powder total amount simultaneously, the composition of bond material, control the parameter of solidifying in its laser melting process, drip molding is organized intervened.
4, composition as claimed in claim 1 and organize controlled laser solid forming method, it is characterized in that: common for being shaped, require lower materials processing, alloy material to the no specific (special) requirements of tissue, can be without mixed flow device (9), by two or more independently nozzles (3) two or more powders are sent into laser molten pool (4), make homogenization of composition by the strong convection current in the laser molten pool (4).
5, composition as claimed in claim 1 and organize controlled laser solid forming method is characterized in that: when shaping gradient body material parts or complex gradient body material parts, can select two groups for use to many group powder feeders (8).
6, a kind of composition as claimed in claim 1 and organize controlled laser solid forming method supporting mixed flow device (9), it is characterized in that: by secondary air input pipe (11), powder stream input pipe (12), mixed flow chamber (13) and mixed powder later and decadent stage of a school of thought efferent duct (14) constitute, secondary air input pipe (11) is positioned at directly over the mixed flow chamber (13), flow input pipes (12) at the top of mixed flow chamber (13), a plurality of powder that are distributed with of secondary air input pipe (11) on every side, mixed powder later and decadent stage of a school of thought efferent duct (14) is positioned at below, mixed flow chamber (13) and is connected with nozzle (3).
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| CNB021144745A CN1155449C (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2002-03-21 | Component and tissue controllable laser stereoforming method |
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| CNB021144745A CN1155449C (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2002-03-21 | Component and tissue controllable laser stereoforming method |
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| CN110548873A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-10 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | gradient functional part forming device and method based on additive manufacturing |
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| CN114653974B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2023-04-28 | 华中科技大学 | Powder dropping tank for multi-material powder additive manufacturing and using method thereof |
| CN114713843B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-04-25 | 上海理工大学 | Forming method of high helium brittleness resistant 304L stainless steel member |
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2002
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