CN115540392B - Crystallization-preventing step pressure reduction absorption equipment and absorption type refrigeration system and process thereof - Google Patents
Crystallization-preventing step pressure reduction absorption equipment and absorption type refrigeration system and process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115540392B CN115540392B CN202211503058.9A CN202211503058A CN115540392B CN 115540392 B CN115540392 B CN 115540392B CN 202211503058 A CN202211503058 A CN 202211503058A CN 115540392 B CN115540392 B CN 115540392B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B37/00—Absorbers; Adsorbers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/04—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration, and particularly relates to anti-crystallization cascade decompression absorption equipment, an absorption refrigeration system and an absorption refrigeration process thereof. Compared with the traditional absorption refrigeration system, the absorption equipment provided by the invention can solve the crystallization problem of the ammonia-salt solution absorption refrigeration system, ensures the stable operation of a refrigeration device, and simultaneously, adopts a mode of carrying out jet type multistage pressure reduction absorption by using the rich liquid excess pressure of a generator, so that gas and liquid are fully mixed in multiple stages, the absorption efficiency is improved, the energy consumption of the device is reduced, and the absorption equipment has the advantages of simple process flow, small occupied area of the equipment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration, and particularly relates to anti-crystallization step pressure reduction absorption equipment and an absorption refrigeration system and process thereof.
Background
Solution crystallization is usually caused by too high a concentration of the solution or too low a temperature. The most easily crystallized part is the outlet side of the concentrated solution of the heat exchanger. This is because the heat exchanger is located between the generator and the absorber, and the temperature of the concentrated solution from the generator is lowered while passing through the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the concentrated solution may be lowered below the crystallization temperature, so that crystallization occurs. The crystallization can destroy the normal operation of the refrigerating unit, and can cause the over-temperature fault of the equipment to stop operation if the crystallization is separated out.
The invention patent CN108148555B discloses a refrigeration absorbent and a waste heat driven absorption type deep refrigeration method. A process for deeply refrigerating the multi-element ammonia salt solution by using the refrigerating absorbent is disclosed. After the hot poor ammonia solution at the outlet of the generator is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction through the GAX and the precooler, the crystallization risk is generated, and the stable operation of equipment is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides anti-crystallization cascade decompression absorption equipment, an absorption refrigeration system and an absorption refrigeration process thereof, which aim to solve the crystallization problem of an ammonia-salt solution absorption refrigeration system and ensure the stable operation of a refrigeration device.
The purpose is achieved through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides anti-crystallization step decompression absorption equipment which is a vertical absorber and comprises a shell, wherein three stages of absorption sections are sequentially arranged in the shell, each stage of absorption section is sequentially provided with an ejector and a coil pipe from top to bottom, and three groups of ejectors in the three stages of absorption sections are all positioned on the axis of the shell;
the first stage ejector utilizes high-temperature high-pressure lean liquid from a generator to inject a first strand of gaseous refrigerant from an evaporator to enter a first stage absorption section to obtain first stage absorption liquid;
the second-stage ejector utilizes the first-stage absorption liquid to inject a second strand of gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator into a second-stage absorption section to obtain a second-stage absorption liquid;
and the third-stage ejector utilizes the secondary absorption liquid to inject a third gas refrigerant from the evaporator to enter the third-stage absorption section and mix with a fourth gas refrigerant from the evaporator to obtain a rich liquid, and the rich liquid is used as heat exchange liquid in a coil pipe in the first-stage absorption section to exchange heat for the first-stage absorption section after being subjected to pressure boosting by a rich liquid pump from an outlet at the bottom end of the shell.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the same circulating water flows in the coil pipe of the second-stage absorption section and the coil pipe of the third-stage absorption section, enters the coil pipe of the third-stage absorption section and flows out of the coil pipe of the second-stage absorption section.
As the further improvement of the technical scheme, the bottom ends of the first-stage absorption section and the second-stage absorption section are both provided with a liquid collecting hopper, the bottom end of the liquid collecting hopper is provided with a pipeline connected with a next-stage ejector, a liquid level regulating valve and a water return pipe are arranged on the pipeline, the top of the absorber and the liquid level of the middle working medium liquid are controlled through the liquid level regulating valve, and the pressure of the absorption process is controlled.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the number of the ejectors in each stage is at least one group.
The invention also provides an absorption refrigeration system which comprises a generator, an evaporator, a condenser and an absorber, wherein the absorber is the crystallization-preventing step pressure reduction absorption equipment.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the lean liquid outlet of the generator is connected to the first-stage ejector of the absorber, the gaseous refrigerant outlet of the generator is connected to the gaseous refrigerant inlet of the condenser, the liquid refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to the liquid refrigerant inlet of the evaporator, the gaseous refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is divided into four paths, which are respectively connected to the three groups of ejectors in the third-stage absorption section in the absorber and below the coils in the third-stage absorption section, the rich liquid outlet at the bottom end of the absorber is connected to the inlet of the first-stage absorption section coils through a rich liquid pump, and the outlet of the first-stage absorption section coils is connected to the rich liquid inlet of the generator.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a pressure reducing valve is provided between the liquid refrigerant outlet of the condenser and the liquid refrigerant inlet of the evaporator.
The invention also provides a refrigeration process utilizing the absorption refrigeration system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The rich liquid pump conveys the working medium solution to the generator to establish working medium circulation, when the working medium solution in the generator reaches a certain liquid level, a heat source is provided to enter the generator, the amount of the gaseous refrigerant required by the system is evaporated, and the refrigerant circulation is prepared to be established;
(2) The refrigerant flow of the condenser-absorber-evaporator-generator is communicated, the high-temperature barren solution from the bottom of the generator passes through a first-stage ejector at the top of the absorber to mix and eject a gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator, and the mixed gaseous refrigerant is subjected to heat exchange with the barren solution at the bottom of the absorber to further cool and absorb the gaseous refrigerant mixed in the barren solution; the mixed and absorbed semi-lean solution continues to pass through a second-stage ejector to mix and inject a gaseous refrigerant from an evaporator, and the mixed and absorbed gaseous refrigerant in the semi-lean solution is cooled and absorbed by circulating water; the semi-lean liquid absorbing the gaseous refrigerant enters a third-stage ejector, the gaseous refrigerant from an evaporator is mixed and ejected, and the gaseous refrigerant is in countercurrent contact absorption with the rest gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator in the process of downward ejection from the top, and meanwhile, the temperature is reduced and the absorption is carried out by adopting a circulating cooling water coil;
(3) The rich liquid absorbing the gaseous refrigerant is pressurized by a rich liquid pump and then is conveyed to the generator to be heated and evaporated by a heat source to form a high-temperature gaseous refrigerant, the high-temperature gaseous refrigerant flows out of the top of the generator and is condensed into liquid ammonia by a condenser, the liquid ammonia is decompressed and then enters the evaporator to be evaporated and refrigerated, and the evaporated gaseous refrigerant comes out of the evaporator and enters the absorber to be subjected to cycle operation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the crystallization-preventing cascade decompression absorption equipment, the absorption refrigeration system and the process thereof provided by the invention solve the crystallization problem of an ammonia-salt solution absorption refrigeration system, ensure the stable operation of a refrigeration device, and simultaneously, the gas and the liquid are fully mixed in multiple stages by using the rich liquid excess pressure of a generator to perform jet type multi-stage decompression absorption, thereby improving the absorption efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of the device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the crystallization-preventing cascade pressure-reducing absorption apparatus and the absorption refrigeration system of the present invention.
The figure is as follows: 1-absorber, 2-liquid-rich pump, 3-generator, 4-condenser, 5-evaporator and 6-pressure reducing valve.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, anti-crystallization step decompression absorption equipment in this embodiment, for vertical absorber 1, this absorption equipment includes the casing, the casing is inside to be equipped with tertiary absorption section in proper order, and every level of absorption section is from last to being equipped with sprayer and coil pipe down in proper order, three group's sprayers in the tertiary absorption section all are located the axis of casing, every level's quantity is a set of at least, also can be the multiunit of evenly arranging, the bottom of first level absorption section and second level absorption section all is equipped with the collecting hopper, the bottom of collecting hopper is equipped with the pipeline of connecting next level sprayer, and be equipped with liquid level control valve and wet return on the pipeline, through 1 top of liquid level control valve control absorber and middle section working medium liquid level, control absorption process pressure.
The first-stage ejector utilizes the high-temperature lean solution from the generator 3 to inject a first strand of ammonia gas from the evaporator 5 into a first-stage absorption section to obtain a first-stage absorption solution; the second-stage ejector utilizes the primary absorption liquid to inject a second strand of ammonia gas from the evaporator 5 into the second-stage absorption section to obtain a secondary absorption liquid; third level sprayer utilizes second grade absorption liquid to draw third strand ammonia that comes from evaporimeter 5 to get into third level absorption section and the mixture of fourth strand ammonia that comes from evaporimeter 5 and obtains the pregnant solution, the pregnant solution is the heat transfer liquid in the coil pipe for first level absorption section heat transfer in the first level absorption section as first level after the export of casing bottom is carried out the pressure through rich liquid pump 2, the same strand of circulating water has all flowed in the coil pipe of second level absorption section and the coil pipe of third level absorption section, the coil pipe that gets into from third level absorption section, the coil pipe from second level absorption section flows, utilize 3 rich liquid excess pressures of generator to carry out the absorptive mode of injection formula multistage decompression, make the multistage intensive mixing of gas-liquid, the absorption efficiency is improved, prevent the crystallization, the reduction unit energy consumption.
As shown in fig. 1, the absorption refrigeration system in this embodiment includes a generator 3, an evaporator 5, a condenser 4, and an absorber 1, where the absorber 1 is the above-mentioned crystallization-preventing step pressure-reducing absorption device.
A lean liquid outlet of the generator 3 is connected to a first-stage ejector of the absorber 1, a gaseous refrigerant outlet of the generator 3 is connected with a gaseous refrigerant inlet of the condenser 4, a liquid refrigerant outlet of the condenser 4 is connected with a liquid refrigerant inlet of the evaporator 5 through a pressure reducing valve 6, the gaseous refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 5 is divided into four paths which are respectively connected to three groups of ejectors in a three-stage absorption section in the absorber 1 and the lower portion of a coil pipe in a third-stage absorption section, a rich liquid outlet at the bottom end of the absorber 1 is connected to an inlet of the first-stage absorption section coil pipe through a rich liquid pump 2, and an outlet of the first-stage absorption section coil pipe is connected to a rich liquid inlet of the generator 3.
The absorption refrigeration process in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) The liquid-rich pump 2 conveys the working medium solution to the generator 3 to establish working medium circulation, when the working medium solution in the generator 3 reaches a certain liquid level, a heat source is provided to enter the generator 3, the ammonia required by the system is evaporated, and the refrigerant circulation is prepared to be established;
(2) A refrigerant flow path communicated with the condenser 4, the absorber 1, the evaporator 5 and the generator 3 is adopted, the high-temperature barren solution from the bottom of the generator 3 is mixed and injected with ammonia gas from the evaporator 5 through the ejector 1 at the top of the absorber, and the mixed gas is subjected to heat exchange with the barren solution at the bottom of the absorber 1 to further reduce the temperature and absorb the ammonia gas mixed in the barren solution; continuously mixing and injecting ammonia gas from an evaporator 5 by the mixed and absorbed semi-barren solution through an injector 2, and cooling and absorbing the ammonia gas in the semi-barren solution through circulating water after mixing; the semi-barren solution absorbing ammonia gas enters the ejector 3, mixes and ejects ammonia gas from an evaporator, and performs countercurrent contact absorption with the rest ammonia gas from the evaporator 5 in the process of downward ejection from the top, and meanwhile, adopts a circulating cooling water coil for cooling and absorption. During the period, the liquid level of the working medium liquid at the top and the middle section of the absorber is controlled by the liquid level regulating valve, and the pressure in the absorption process is controlled.
(3) The rich solution after absorbing ammonia is carried to generator 3 after the rich solution pump 2 is carried out the pressure boost and is evaporated high temperature ammonia through the heat source heating, and high temperature ammonia flows out from the 3 tops of generator, becomes liquid ammonia through the condenser 4 condensation, and liquid ammonia gets into evaporimeter 5 after the decompression and carries out the evaporation refrigeration, and the ammonia after the evaporation comes out from evaporimeter 5 and gets into absorber 1 and carry out the circulation operation.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An absorption refrigeration system, including generator, evaporimeter, condenser and absorber, its characterized in that:
the absorption device is a crystallization-preventing step pressure-reducing absorption device which is a vertical absorption device and comprises a shell, wherein three stages of absorption sections are sequentially arranged in the shell, each stage of absorption section is sequentially provided with an ejector and a coil pipe from top to bottom, and three groups of ejectors in the three stages of absorption sections are all positioned on the axis of the shell;
the first stage ejector utilizes high-temperature high-pressure lean liquid from a generator to inject a first strand of gaseous refrigerant from an evaporator to enter a first stage absorption section to obtain first stage absorption liquid; the second-stage ejector utilizes the first-stage absorption liquid to inject a second strand of gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator into a second-stage absorption section to obtain a second-stage absorption liquid; the third-stage ejector utilizes the secondary absorption liquid to inject a third gas-state refrigerant from the evaporator to enter a third-stage absorption section and mix with a fourth gas-state refrigerant from the evaporator to obtain a rich liquid, and the rich liquid is used as heat exchange liquid in a coil pipe in the first-stage absorption section for heat exchange of the first-stage absorption section after being subjected to pressure boosting by a rich liquid pump from an outlet at the bottom end of the shell;
the bottom ends of the first-stage absorption section and the second-stage absorption section are both provided with a liquid collecting hopper, the bottom end of the liquid collecting hopper is provided with a pipeline connected with a next-stage ejector, and the pipeline is provided with a liquid level regulating valve and a water return pipe;
the generator comprises a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, a first-stage ejector, a gas refrigerant outlet, a liquid refrigerant outlet, four paths of gas refrigerant outlets, a rich liquid outlet, a rich liquid pump and a rich liquid inlet, wherein the generator is connected with the first-stage ejector of the absorber, the gas refrigerant outlet of the generator is connected with the gas refrigerant inlet of the condenser, the liquid refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected with the liquid refrigerant inlet of the evaporator, the gas refrigerant outlets of the evaporator are respectively connected to the three groups of ejectors in the third-stage absorption section and the lower portion of a coil in the third-stage absorption section in the absorber, the rich liquid outlet at the bottom end of the absorber is connected to the inlet of the first-stage absorption section coil through the rich liquid pump, and the outlet of the first-stage absorption section coil is connected to the rich liquid inlet of the generator.
2. An absorption refrigeration system according to claim 1 wherein an expansion valve is provided between the liquid refrigerant outlet of the condenser and the liquid refrigerant inlet of the evaporator.
3. The absorption refrigeration system according to claim 1 wherein the same circulating water flows through both the coils of the second stage absorption stage and the coils of the third stage absorption stage, and enters from the coils of the third stage absorption stage and exits from the coils of the second stage absorption stage.
4. The absorption refrigeration system according to claim 1 wherein the number of ejectors per stage is at least one group.
5. A refrigeration process utilizing an absorption refrigeration system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) The rich liquid pump conveys the working medium solution to the generator to establish working medium circulation, when the working medium solution in the generator reaches a certain liquid level, a heat source is provided to enter the generator, the amount of the gaseous refrigerant required by the system is evaporated, and the refrigerant circulation is prepared to be established;
(2) The refrigerant flow of the condenser-absorber-evaporator-generator is communicated, the high-temperature barren solution from the bottom of the generator passes through a first-stage ejector at the top of the absorber to mix and eject a gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator, and the mixed gaseous refrigerant is subjected to heat exchange with the barren solution at the bottom of the absorber to further cool and absorb the gaseous refrigerant mixed in the barren solution; continuously mixing the semi-lean liquid after mixing and absorption through a second-stage ejector to inject a gaseous refrigerant from an evaporator, and cooling and absorbing the gaseous refrigerant in the semi-lean liquid through circulating water after mixing; the semi-lean liquid absorbing the gaseous refrigerant enters a third-stage ejector, the gaseous refrigerant from an evaporator is mixed and ejected, and the gaseous refrigerant is in countercurrent contact absorption with the rest gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator in the process of downward ejection from the top, and meanwhile, the temperature is reduced and the absorption is carried out by adopting a circulating cooling water coil;
(3) The rich liquid absorbing the gaseous refrigerant is pressurized by a rich liquid pump and then is conveyed to the generator to be heated and evaporated by a heat source to form a high-temperature gaseous refrigerant, the high-temperature gaseous refrigerant flows out of the top of the generator and is condensed into liquid ammonia by a condenser, the liquid ammonia is decompressed and then enters the evaporator to be evaporated and refrigerated, and the evaporated gaseous refrigerant comes out of the evaporator and enters the absorber to be subjected to cycle operation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211503058.9A CN115540392B (en) | 2022-11-29 | 2022-11-29 | Crystallization-preventing step pressure reduction absorption equipment and absorption type refrigeration system and process thereof |
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| CN202211503058.9A CN115540392B (en) | 2022-11-29 | 2022-11-29 | Crystallization-preventing step pressure reduction absorption equipment and absorption type refrigeration system and process thereof |
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| CN115540392B true CN115540392B (en) | 2023-03-28 |
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| CN114264088B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-09-05 | 安徽普泛能源技术有限公司 | Absorption tower with combination of spraying and falling film, absorption refrigeration system and operation method thereof |
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| RU2460020C2 (en) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-08-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Юго-Западный государственный университет" (ЮЗ ГУ) | Absorption cooling machine with multi-stage ejector |
| CN205783963U (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-12-07 | 安徽沃特普尔节能科技有限公司 | A kind of absorption system with injection regulator |
| CN108507208A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-07 | 天津商业大学 | Three temp, refrigerating system of a machine of three-level injection |
| RU2745434C2 (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-03-25 | Сергей Леонидович Терентьев | Absorption refrigerating machine |
| CN113819674B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-08-12 | 安徽普泛能源技术有限公司 | Absorption type refrigerating system and operation method |
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