CN115535903B - Braking system, tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking and braking method - Google Patents
Braking system, tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking and braking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115535903B CN115535903B CN202211028100.6A CN202211028100A CN115535903B CN 115535903 B CN115535903 B CN 115535903B CN 202211028100 A CN202211028100 A CN 202211028100A CN 115535903 B CN115535903 B CN 115535903B
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
- B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
- B66D5/24—Operating devices
- B66D5/26—Operating devices pneumatic or hydraulic
- B66D5/28—Operating devices pneumatic or hydraulic specially adapted for winding gear, e.g. in mining hoists
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/02—Driving gear
- B66D1/14—Power transmissions between power sources and drums or barrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
- B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
- B66D5/12—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with axial effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
- B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
- B66D5/24—Operating devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a braking system, a tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking and a braking method, wherein the braking system is used for the tower crane lifting mechanism, the tower crane lifting mechanism comprises a motor speed reducer, a coupler and a winding drum, the winding drum is connected with an output shaft of the motor speed reducer through the coupler, the braking system comprises an electromagnetic brake for braking the motor speed reducer, and the braking system also comprises an auxiliary brake for braking the winding drum; the auxiliary brake comprises a hydraulic station, a piston cylinder and a piston, wherein the piston is slidably and hermetically arranged in the piston cylinder, the piston cylinder is fixedly arranged, a force application device which enables the piston to move towards the winding drum is always arranged on the piston cylinder, the hydraulic station provides pressure for the piston to enable the piston to move towards the winding drum direction or the opposite direction, the end part of the piston is contacted with the outer side surface of the winding drum or far away from the outer side surface of the winding drum to realize braking and clutching of the winding drum, when power is off, the pressure of the hydraulic station disappears, and the piston is contacted with the outer side surface of the winding drum to brake under the action of the force application device, so that the auxiliary brake is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent tower cranes, in particular to a braking system, a tower crane lifting mechanism for safe braking and a braking method.
Background
The tower crane is a rotary crane with a movable arm arranged at the upper part of a high-rise tower body, and consists of a metal structure, a working mechanism and an electric system, wherein the metal structure comprises the tower body, the movable arm, a base and the like, the working mechanism comprises four parts of lifting, amplitude changing, rotation and walking, and the electric system comprises a motor, a controller, a power distribution cabinet, a connecting circuit, a signal and lighting device and the like. The hoisting mechanism of the tower crane mainly comprises a motor speed reducer, a shaft coupling, a winding drum and the like, the winding drum is driven to rotate by the motor speed reducer, so that a lifting hook below the winding drum ascends or descends by means of the telescopic steel wire rope wound on the winding drum and the pulley, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a braking system, a tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking and a braking method, wherein the braking system with two brakes can be continuously used when an electromagnetic brake fails, and can be safely braked when an abrupt power failure accident occurs.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
The brake system is used for a tower crane lifting mechanism, the tower crane lifting mechanism comprises a motor speed reducer, a coupler and a winding drum, the winding drum is connected with an output shaft of the motor speed reducer through the coupler, the brake system comprises an electromagnetic brake used for braking the motor speed reducer, and the brake system further comprises an auxiliary brake used for braking the winding drum;
The auxiliary brake comprises a hydraulic station, a piston cylinder and a piston, wherein the piston is slidably and hermetically arranged in the piston cylinder, the piston cylinder is fixedly arranged, a force application device which enables the piston to move towards the winding drum is always arranged on the piston cylinder, the hydraulic station provides pressure for the piston to enable the piston to move towards the winding drum direction or the opposite direction, the end part of the piston is contacted with the outer side surface of the winding drum or far away from the outer side surface of the winding drum to realize braking and clutching of the winding drum, and when power is off, the pressure of the hydraulic station disappears, and the piston is contacted with the outer side surface of the winding drum to brake under the action of the force application device.
The brake system comprises a cylinder body, an upper cover and a bottom cover, wherein an intermediate plate is arranged in the cylinder body, the upper cover and the bottom cover are respectively fixed at two ends of the cylinder body, the piston comprises a first piston and a second piston, the second piston is fixedly connected with the first piston, the right end of the first piston is in sealing sliding fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, the left end of the first piston is in sealing sliding fit with the right end of the second piston after penetrating through an upper hole of the intermediate plate in a sealing manner, the right end of the second piston is in sealing sliding fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, the left end of the second piston is in sealing sliding fit with the hole of the upper cover, and the force application device is arranged between the bottom cover and the first piston; the bottom cover, the first piston, the middle plate, the second piston and the upper cover divide the piston cylinder cavity into a first piston cavity, a second piston cavity, a third piston cavity and a fourth piston cavity, the first piston cavity and the fourth piston cavity are communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the first piston cavity and the third piston cavity are respectively provided with an oil hole and an oil hole which are communicated with a hydraulic station.
In the braking system, the force application device is a braking spring.
A brake system as described above, provided with a piston locking means.
According to the braking system, the piston locking device comprises the locking hole and the locking rod which are arranged on the piston II, the locking rod can move up and down under the constraint of the locking support, and the locking spring is arranged between the locking rod and the locking support and gives the locking rod an upward elastic force.
The brake system further comprises a locking rod disengaging device, the locking rod disengaging device comprises an inserting rod and a rod seat, one end of the inserting rod is matched with an inserting hole in the locking rod, the other end of the inserting rod is in sliding fit with a first guide rail fixed on the rod seat, the rod seat is in sliding fit with a second guide rail fixed on a locking support, the inserting rod and the rod seat are driven by a first electric push rod and a second electric push rod respectively, a first detection block and a second detection block are arranged on the inserting rod, a first proximity switch and a second proximity switch which are matched with the first detection block and the second detection block are arranged on the rod seat, a third detection block and a fourth detection block are arranged on the rod seat, and a third proximity switch and a fourth proximity switch which are matched with the third detection block and the fourth detection block are arranged on the locking support.
According to the braking system, the electromagnetic valves are arranged between the oil hole I and the oil hole II and the hydraulic station, and the electromagnetic valves are two-position two-way valves or three-position two-way valves.
A tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking comprises the braking system.
The braking method of the tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking comprises two braking modes, namely braking a motor reducer through an electromagnetic brake and braking a winding drum through an auxiliary brake.
The braking method of the tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking comprises two modes: a standby mode and a power-off emergency mode;
The standby mode braking method comprises the following steps:
When the electromagnetic brake fails, the auxiliary brake is used as a brake mechanism of the tower crane lifting mechanism, in an initial state, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the first electric push rod to extend so that the insertion rod is inserted into the locking rod, and controls the second electric push rod to retract so that the rod seat drives the insertion rod to further drive the locking rod to move downwards, and the locking rod cannot lock the piston in the mode; when the electromagnetic valve is in a non-power-on state, the first oil hole is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the second oil hole is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, when the hydraulic station is not started, the first oil hole and the second oil hole are both pressureless, the piston abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum to brake the winding drum under the action of the brake spring, and a standby mode can be started when signals exist on the proximity switch I and the proximity switch IV; the hydraulic station is started in the working state of the lifting mechanism, pressure oil in the hydraulic station enters a piston cavity III through an oil hole II, so that the clamping force between a piston and a winding drum is increased, the hydraulic station is braked together by the pressure of the hydraulic station and a brake spring, when the hydraulic station is required to be separated, a control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls an electromagnetic valve to change direction, the oil hole I is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the oil hole II is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the pressure in the piston cavity III is relieved, the pressure oil in the piston cavity II overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring to enable the piston to leave the winding drum, a motor reducer can drive the winding drum to rotate, when the hydraulic station is required to brake, the electromagnetic valve is controlled to change direction again, when the power is cut off under the standby mode, the electromagnetic valve returns to the initial position after the power is lost, the piston cavity II is relieved, and the piston is tightly abutted against the outer side surface of the winding drum under the action of the brake spring;
The power-off emergency mode braking method comprises the following steps:
When the electromagnetic brake is used, the auxiliary brake is used as the brake of the tower crane lifting mechanism when the electromagnetic brake suddenly fails under the sudden power failure condition, when the tower crane is started, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism firstly controls the electric push rod I to extend so that the inserting rod is inserted into the locking rod, and controls the electric push rod II to retract so that the rod seat drives the inserting rod to further drive the locking rod to move downwards, so that the locking rod does not lock the piston first, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism restarts the hydraulic station, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve to change direction, the oil hole I is connected with the pressure port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the oil hole II is connected with the oil return port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the pressure in the piston cavity III is released, the pressure oil in the piston cavity II overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring to enable the piston to leave the winding drum, and then the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism firstly controls the electric push rod I so that the inserting rod is separated from the locking rod, the second electric push rod is controlled to extend to enable the rod seat to drive the inserting rod to further drive the locking rod to move upwards, the motor speed reducer can drive the winding drum to rotate, when the electromagnetic brake is in failure and the electromagnetic valve is restored to the initial position, the first oil hole is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the second oil hole is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the first oil hole and the second oil hole are not pressurized, the piston abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum under the action of the braking spring, meanwhile, the locking rod is inserted into the locking hole under the action of the braking spring, when the power supply is restored again, a control system of the lifting mechanism of the tower crane firstly acquires a signal of the proximity switch, at the moment, the second proximity switch and the third proximity switch have signals, the control system of the lifting mechanism of the tower crane firstly controls the first electric push rod to extend to enable the inserting rod to be inserted into the locking rod, and the second electric push rod is controlled to retract so that the rod seat drives the insertion rod to further drive the locking rod to move downwards, the locking rod does not lock the piston, when the first proximity switch and the fourth proximity switch are in signals, the electromagnetic brake is started, the tower crane lifting mechanism control system firstly controls the first electric push rod to enable the insertion rod to be separated from the locking rod, and controls the second electric push rod to extend so that the rod seat drives the insertion rod to further drive the locking rod to move upwards, and at the moment, the motor speed reducer can drive the winding drum to rotate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the braking system, the tower crane lifting mechanism with the safety braking and the braking method, through the braking system with the two brakes, the electromagnetic brake can be continuously used when the electromagnetic brake fails, and the braking can be safely performed when an abrupt power failure accident occurs, and the safety braking after abrupt power failure and abrupt power supply are further ensured by arranging the locking device when the auxiliary brake brakes.
Drawings
The aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a braking system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of letter a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a view in the direction B of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the cylinder.
The components represented by the reference numerals in the figures are:
the motor speed reducer 1, the coupler 2, the winding drum 3, the hydraulic station 4, the electromagnetic valve 5, the cylinder body 6, the first piston cavity 61, the second piston cavity 62, the third piston cavity 63, the fourth piston cavity 64, the first oil hole 65, the second oil hole 66, the middle plate 67, the brake spring 7, the first piston 8, the second piston 9, the locking hole 91, the upper cover 10, the locking rod 11, the inserting hole 111, the locking spring 12, the locking bracket 13, the inserting rod 14, the first detection block 141, the second detection block 142, the first electric push rod 15, the first guide rail 16, the second guide rail 17, the rod seat 18, the third detection block 181, the fourth detection block 182, the second electric push rod 19, the first proximity switch 20, the second proximity switch 21, the third proximity switch 22, the fourth proximity switch 23 and the bottom cover 24.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a brake system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The brake system is used for a tower crane lifting mechanism, in the prior art, the tower crane lifting mechanism comprises a motor reducer 1, a coupler 2 and a winding drum 3, the winding drum 3 is connected with an output shaft of the motor reducer 1 through the coupler 2, and the brake system comprises an electromagnetic brake used for braking the motor reducer 1;
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the auxiliary brake comprises a hydraulic station 4, a piston cylinder and a piston, wherein the piston is slidably and hermetically installed in the piston cylinder, the piston cylinder is fixedly arranged, a force application device for enabling the piston to move towards the winding drum 3 is always arranged on the piston cylinder, the hydraulic station 4 provides pressure for the piston to enable the piston to move towards the winding drum 3 or vice versa, the end part of the piston is contacted with the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 or far away from the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 to realize braking and clutching of the winding drum 3, when power is off, the pressure of the hydraulic station 4 disappears, and the piston is contacted with the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 under the action of the force application device to brake.
Further, the piston cylinder is composed of a cylinder body 6, an upper cover 10 and a bottom cover 24, the upper cover 10 and the bottom cover 24 are fixed at two ends of the cylinder body 6 through bolts, the cylinder body 6 is a cylinder with two open ends, a middle plate 67 is arranged in the cylinder body 6, the piston comprises a first piston 8 and a second piston 9, the second piston 9 is fixedly connected with the first piston 8 through bolts, the right end of the first piston 8 is in airtight sliding fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder body 6, the tightness is usually ensured by adopting a movable sealing ring, the left end of the first piston 8 is airtight sliding fit with the right end of the second piston 9 after penetrating through the upper hole of the middle plate 67, the right end of the second piston 9 is airtight sliding fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder body 6, the left end of the second piston 9 is airtight sliding fit with the hole on the upper cover 10, and the force applying device, namely a braking spring 7 is arranged between the bottom cover 24 and the first piston 8; the bottom cover 24, the first piston 8, the middle plate 67, the second piston 9 and the upper cover 10 divide the piston cylinder cavity into a first piston cavity 61, a second piston cavity 62, a third piston cavity 63 and a fourth piston cavity 64, the first piston cavity 61 and the fourth piston cavity 64 are communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the second piston cavity 62 and the third piston cavity 63 are respectively provided with an oil hole 65 and an oil hole 66 which are communicated with the hydraulic station 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the braking system is provided with a piston locking device, the piston locking device comprises a locking hole 91 and a locking rod 11 which are arranged on a piston II 9, the locking rod 11 can move up and down under the constraint of a locking bracket 13, the locking bracket 13 is fixedly arranged, a hole matched with the shape of the locking rod 11 is arranged on the locking bracket 13, the locking rod 11 can slide up and down along the matching hole, a locking spring 12 is arranged between the locking rod 11 and the locking bracket 13, and the locking spring 12 gives upward elasticity to the locking rod 11.
Further, the locking rod disengaging device comprises an inserting rod 14 and a rod seat 18, one end of the inserting rod 14 is matched with an inserting hole 111 on the locking rod 11, the other end of the inserting rod 14 is in sliding fit with a first guide rail 16 fixed on the rod seat 18, the rod seat 18 is in sliding fit with a second guide rail 17 fixed on the locking support 13, the inserting rod 14 and the rod seat 18 are driven by a first electric push rod 15 and a second electric push rod 19 respectively, a first detection block 141 and a second detection block 142 are arranged on the inserting rod 14, a first proximity switch 20 and a second proximity switch 21 which are matched with the first detection block 141 and the second detection block 142 are arranged on the rod seat 18, a third detection block 181 and a fourth detection block 182 are arranged on the rod seat 18, and a third proximity switch 22 and a fourth proximity switch 23 which are matched with the third detection block 181 and the fourth detection block 182 are arranged on the locking support 13.
Further, electromagnetic valves 5 are arranged between the first oil hole 65 and the second oil hole 66 and the hydraulic station 4, and the electromagnetic valves 5 are two-position two-way valves or three-position two-way valves.
The invention also provides a tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking comprising the braking system.
The braking method of the tower crane lifting mechanism for the safety braking comprises two braking modes, wherein one braking mode is to brake the motor reducer 1 through an electromagnetic brake, and the other braking mode is to brake the winding drum 3 through an auxiliary brake.
Further, there are two modes of braking methods of the auxiliary brake: a standby mode and a power-off emergency mode;
Standby mode:
the mode is used as a standby brake when the electromagnetic brake fails, and two modes of auxiliary brakes are arranged in a hoisting mechanism of the tower crane or a control system of the tower crane: a standby mode and a power-off emergency mode (this mode is not set specifically, the power-off emergency mode of the auxiliary brake is defaulted when the electromagnetic brake is activated);
When the electromagnetic brake fails, the auxiliary brake is used as a brake mechanism of the tower crane lifting mechanism, and the auxiliary brake comprises the following steps:
s101: the control system of the tower crane or the lifting mechanism of the tower crane sets the tower crane braking system into a standby mode, and in an initial state, the auxiliary brake brakes the winding drum 3;
S102: firstly, unlocking the brake state, controlling the first electric push rod 15 to extend so that the inserting rod 14 is inserted into the inserting hole 111 of the locking rod 11 by the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism, and controlling the second electric push rod 19 to retract so that the rod seat 18 drives the inserting rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move downwards, wherein the locking rod 11 does not lock the piston in the mode;
S103: in the state that the electromagnetic valve 5 is not electrified, the oil hole I65 is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the oil hole II 66 is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, when the hydraulic station 4 is not started, the oil hole I65 and the oil hole II 66 have no pressure, and the piston is tightly abutted against the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 to brake the winding drum 3 under the action of the brake spring 7;
S104: after the control system obtains signals of the first proximity switch 20 and the fourth proximity switch 23, the system is normal, the working state of the lifting mechanism can be entered, the hydraulic station 4 is started, pressure oil in the hydraulic station 4 enters the piston cavity III 63 through the oil hole II 66, so that the clamping force between the piston and the winding drum 3 is increased, the hydraulic station 4 pressure and the braking spring 7 are used for braking together, when the hydraulic station 4 pressure and the braking spring 7 are needed to be separated, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve 5 to change direction, the oil hole I65 is connected with the pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the oil hole II 66 is connected with the oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the pressure in the piston cavity III 63 is released, the pressure oil in the piston cavity II 62 overcomes the elastic force of the braking spring 7 to enable the piston to leave the winding drum 3, and the motor reducer 1 can drive the winding drum 3 to rotate;
S105: after the clutch (for example, after the electromagnetic valve 5 is reversed for 0.1 second), the control system of the lifting mechanism of the tower crane controls the first electric push rod 15 to retract so that the inserting rod 14 is separated from the inserting hole 111 of the locking rod 11, and then controls the second electric push rod 19 to extend so that the rod seat 18 drives the inserting rod 14 to walk upwards, so as to ensure that the locking rod 11 is automatically locked after each piston is braked;
s106: during braking, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve 5 to change direction again, the piston cavity II 62 is depressurized, pressure oil of the hydraulic station 4 enters the piston cavity III 63 through the oil hole II 66, so that the piston abuts against the winding drum 3, and the locking rod 11 is inserted into the locking hole 91 under the action of the locking spring 12;
S107: when the crane needs to be separated again, the locking of the braking state is released firstly, the control system of the crane lifting mechanism controls the first electric push rod 15 to extend so that the insertion rod 14 is inserted into the insertion hole 111 of the locking rod 11, and controls the second electric push rod 19 to retract so that the rod seat 18 drives the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move downwards, and the locking rod 11 cannot lock the piston in the mode;
S108: after the control system obtains signals of the first proximity switch 20 and the fourth proximity switch 23, the system is normal, the clutch can be realized, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve 5 to change the direction, the first oil hole 65 is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the second oil hole 66 is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the pressure in the third piston cavity 63 is relieved, the pressure oil in the second piston cavity 62 overcomes the elastic force of the braking spring 7 to enable the piston to leave the winding drum 3, and the motor reducer 1 drives the winding drum 3 to rotate;
s109: S105-S108 operations are performed;
s110: when the power is off in the standby mode, the electromagnetic valve 5 returns to the initial position after the power is off, the piston cavity II 62 is decompressed, and the piston abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 to brake the winding drum 3 under the action of the brake spring 7; when the power is supplied again, the electromagnetic valve 5 needs to be controlled by the control system to change direction, the clutch operation is only needed, only the hydraulic station 4 is recovered to supply power, the piston cavity 62 cannot be pressurized, braking safety is guaranteed when the power is suddenly cut off and the power is supplied again, meanwhile, in order to prevent errors or other misoperation of the electromagnetic valve 5, the electromagnetic valve is directly used for clutch when the power is supplied again, a lifting mechanism is suddenly started, a safety accident occurs, the brake rod 11 is locked, when the brake rod 11 is locked, and when the clutch operation is required to be executed, the locking of the brake rod 11 needs to be released at first.
The power-off emergency mode braking method comprises the following steps:
This mode is used when the electromagnetic brake fails due to sudden power failure while the electromagnetic brake is in normal use.
S201: when the tower crane is started, the control system of the lifting mechanism of the tower crane firstly controls the electric push rod I15 to extend so that the insertion rod 14 is inserted into the locking rod 11, and controls the electric push rod II 19 to retract so that the rod seat 18 drives the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move downwards, so that the locking rod 11 does not lock the piston;
s202: the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism starts the hydraulic station 4, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve 5 to change direction, the first oil hole 65 is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the second oil hole 66 is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the pressure in the piston cavity III 63 is relieved, and the pressure oil in the piston cavity II 62 overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring 7 to enable the piston to leave the winding drum 3;
S203, the control system of the lifting mechanism of the tower crane firstly controls the first electric push rod 15 to enable the insertion rod 14 to be separated from the locking rod 11, and controls the second electric push rod 19 to extend to enable the rod seat 18 to drive the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move upwards, and the motor reducer 1 can drive the winding drum 3 to rotate; in this embodiment, the electromagnetic valve 5 is a two-position two-way valve, two-way valve connects the pressure oil port and the oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 with the first oil port 65 or the second oil port 66, two-way valve means that the first oil port 65 and the second oil port 66 are connected with the pressure oil port and the oil return port, and in the normal use state of the electromagnetic brake, the auxiliary brake is always on and off to waste energy, in another embodiment, a three-position two-way valve is selected, after the hydraulic station 4 is on and off, the electromagnetic valve 5 is controlled to be changed to a third position, and in this position, the first oil port 65 and the second oil port 66 are blocked, and at this time, the on-off state of the auxiliary brake can be maintained;
s204: when the electromagnetic brake is suddenly powered off, the electromagnetic brake fails, the electromagnetic valve 5 is restored to the initial position, namely the oil hole I65 is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the oil hole II 66 is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the oil hole I65 and the oil hole II 66 are both pressureless, the piston is abutted against the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 to brake the winding drum 3 under the action of the brake spring 7, and meanwhile, the locking rod 11 is inserted into the locking hole 91 under the action of the brake spring 7 to lock the braking state;
S205: when the power supply is restored again, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism firstly acquires signals of the proximity switch II 21 and the proximity switch III 22, and simultaneously acquires signals of the electromagnetic brake which are started normally, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the electric push rod I15 to extend so that the inserting rod 14 is inserted into the locking rod 11, controls the electric push rod II 19 to retract so that the rod seat 18 drives the inserting rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move downwards, so that the locking rod 11 does not lock a piston, and when the signals of the proximity switch I20 and the proximity switch IV 23 are acquired, the electromagnetic brake can execute clutch operation;
S206, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the first electric push rod 15 to enable the insertion rod 14 to be separated from the locking rod 11, and controls the second electric push rod 19 to extend so that the rod seat 18 drives the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move upwards, at the moment, the electromagnetic brake can be engaged and disengaged, and the motor reducer 1 can drive the winding drum 3 to rotate.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The braking system is used for a tower crane lifting mechanism, the tower crane lifting mechanism comprises a motor speed reducer (1), a coupler (2) and a winding drum (3), the winding drum (3) is connected with an output shaft of the motor speed reducer (1) through the coupler (2), and the braking system comprises an electromagnetic brake for braking the motor speed reducer (1), and is characterized by further comprising an auxiliary brake for braking the winding drum (3);
The auxiliary brake comprises a hydraulic station (4), a piston cylinder and a piston, wherein the piston is slidably and hermetically arranged in the piston cylinder, the piston cylinder is fixedly arranged, a force application device which enables the piston to move towards the winding drum (3) is always arranged on the piston cylinder, the hydraulic station (4) provides pressure for the piston to enable the piston to move towards the winding drum (3) or in the opposite direction, the end part of the piston is contacted with the outer side surface of the winding drum (3) or far away from the outer side surface of the winding drum (3) to realize braking and clutching of the winding drum (3), and when power is off, the pressure of the hydraulic station (4) disappears, and the piston is contacted with the outer side surface of the winding drum (3) to brake under the action of the force application device;
The piston cylinder consists of a cylinder body (6), an upper cover (10) and a bottom cover (24), wherein an intermediate plate (67) is arranged in the cylinder body (6), the upper cover (10) and the bottom cover (24) are respectively fixed at two ends of the cylinder body (6), the piston comprises a first piston (8) and a second piston (9), the second piston (9) is fixedly connected with the first piston (8), the right end of the first piston (8) is in sliding fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder body (6) in a sealing manner, the left end of the first piston (8) is connected with the right end of the second piston (9) after penetrating through an upper hole of the intermediate plate (67) in a sealing manner, the right end of the second piston (9) is in sliding fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder body (6) in a sealing manner, and the left end of the second piston (9) is arranged between the bottom cover (24) and the first piston (8) in a sealing manner; the bottom cover (24), the first piston (8), the middle plate (67), the second piston (9) and the upper cover (10) divide a piston cylinder cavity into a first piston cavity (61), a second piston cavity (62), a third piston cavity (63) and a fourth piston cavity (64), the first piston cavity (61) and the fourth piston cavity (64) are communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the first oil hole (65) and the second oil hole (66) are respectively arranged in the second piston cavity (62) and the third piston cavity (63) and are communicated with the hydraulic station (4);
The braking system is provided with a piston locking device, the piston locking device comprises a locking hole (91) and a locking rod (11) which are arranged on a piston II (9), the locking rod (11) can move up and down under the constraint of a locking bracket (13), a locking spring (12) is arranged between the locking rod (11) and the locking bracket (13), and the locking spring (12) gives the locking rod (11) an upward elastic force;
The locking rod disconnecting device comprises an inserting rod (14) and a rod seat (18), one end of the inserting rod (14) is matched with an inserting hole (111) in the locking rod (11), the other end of the inserting rod (14) is in sliding fit with a first guide rail (16) fixed on the rod seat (18), the rod seat (18) is in sliding fit with a second guide rail (17) fixed on the locking support (13), the inserting rod (14) and the rod seat (18) are driven by a first electric push rod (15) and a second electric push rod (19) respectively, a first detection block (141) and a second detection block (142) are arranged on the inserting rod (14), a first proximity switch (20) and a second proximity switch (21) which are matched with the first detection block (141) and the second detection block (142) are arranged on the rod seat (18), a third detection block (181) and a fourth detection block (182) are arranged on the rod seat (18), and a fourth proximity switch (23) which is matched with the fourth detection block (181) and the fourth detection block (182) is arranged on the locking support (13).
2. A braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that the force application means is a brake spring (7).
3. A braking system according to claim 2, characterized in that a solenoid valve (5) is arranged between the first oil hole (65) and the second oil hole (66) and the hydraulic station (4), the solenoid valve (5) being a two-position two-way valve or a three-position two-way valve.
4. A tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking, comprising the braking system of claim 3.
5. A method for braking a tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking, characterized in that a braking system according to claim 3 is used, comprising two braking modes, one for braking a motor reducer (1) by an electromagnetic brake and one for braking a winding drum (3) by an auxiliary brake, wherein the braking method of the auxiliary brake has two modes: a standby mode and a power-off emergency mode;
The standby mode braking method comprises the following steps:
When the electromagnetic brake fails, the auxiliary brake is used as a brake mechanism of the tower crane lifting mechanism, in an initial state, a control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the first electric push rod (15) to extend so that the inserting rod (14) is inserted into the locking rod (11), and controls the second electric push rod (19) to retract so that the rod seat (18) drives the inserting rod (14) to further drive the locking rod (11) to move downwards, and the locking rod (11) cannot lock a piston in the mode; in the state that the electromagnetic valve (5) is not electrified, the oil hole I (65) is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the oil hole II (66) is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), when the hydraulic station (4) is not started, the oil hole I (65) and the oil hole II (66) are not pressurized, the piston abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum (3) under the action of the braking spring (7), and the starting of the standby mode is indicated when signals exist on the proximity switch I (20) and the proximity switch IV (23); the hydraulic station (4) is started in the working state of the lifting mechanism, pressure oil in the hydraulic station (4) enters a piston cavity III (63) through an oil hole II (66), so that the clamping force of a piston and a winding drum (3) is increased, the pressure of the hydraulic station (4) and a brake spring (7) are used for braking together, when the hydraulic station is required to be separated, a control system of the lifting mechanism of the tower crane controls an electromagnetic valve (5) to change direction, the oil hole I (65) is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the oil hole II (66) is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the pressure in the piston cavity III (63) is relieved, the pressure oil in the piston cavity II (62) overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring (7) to enable the piston to leave the winding drum (3), the motor reducer (1) can drive the winding drum (3) to rotate, when braking is required, the electromagnetic valve (5) is controlled to change direction again, when the power is cut off in a standby mode, the electromagnetic valve (5) returns to an initial position after power is cut off, the piston cavity II (62) is relieved, and the piston is relieved from the outside the winding drum (3) under the action of the brake spring (7);
The power-off emergency mode braking method comprises the following steps:
When the electromagnetic brake is used, the auxiliary brake is used as a brake when the electromagnetic brake suddenly fails under the sudden power failure condition of the tower crane lifting mechanism, when the tower crane is started, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism firstly controls the electric push rod I (15) to extend so that the inserting rod (14) is inserted into the locking rod (11), and controls the electric push rod II (19) to retract so that the rod seat (18) drives the inserting rod (14) to further drive the locking rod (11) to move downwards, so that the locking rod (11) is firstly unlocked, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism further starts the hydraulic station (4), the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve (5) to change direction, the oil hole I (65) is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the oil hole II (66) is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the pressure in the piston cavity III (63) is released, the pressure oil in the piston cavity II (62) overcomes the elastic force of the braking spring (7) so that the piston is separated from the winding drum (3), then the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism firstly controls the electric push rod I (15) to not lock the piston, the electromagnetic push rod (14) to drive the inserting rod (14) to move upwards, so that the locking rod (11) is driven to move upwards, and the locking rod (11) is further driven to move upwards, and the locking rod (14) is driven to move upwards, when the electromagnetic brake fails suddenly, the electromagnetic brake is in failure, the electromagnetic valve (5) is restored to the initial position, the oil hole I (65) is connected with the oil return port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the oil hole II (66) is connected with the pressure port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the oil hole I (65) and the oil hole II (66) are not pressurized, the piston abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum (3) under the action of the brake spring (7), meanwhile, the locking rod (11) is inserted into the locking hole (91) under the action of the brake spring (7), when the power supply is restored again, the control system of the lifting mechanism of the tower crane firstly acquires a signal of the proximity switch, at the moment, the control system of the lifting mechanism of the tower crane firstly controls the electric push rod I (15) to stretch so that the inserting rod (14) is inserted into the locking rod (11), and controls the electric push rod II (19) to retract so that the rod seat (18) drives the inserting rod (14) to further drive the locking rod (11) to move downwards, and the locking rod (11) is not driven to enable the locking rod (11) to be firstly pushed out of the locking rod (23) to be in the four-shaped structure (23) when the lifting mechanism of the tower crane lifting mechanism is firstly controlled to be in a state, and the control system of the lifting mechanism of the tower crane lifting mechanism is firstly acquires a signal of the proximity switch (15) is firstly, and a signal is firstly controlled to be released, and the second electric push rod (19) is controlled to extend so that the rod seat (18) drives the insertion rod (14) to further drive the locking rod (11) to move upwards, and at the moment, the motor speed reducer (1) can drive the winding drum (3) to rotate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211028100.6A CN115535903B (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Braking system, tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking and braking method |
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| CN202211028100.6A CN115535903B (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Braking system, tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking and braking method |
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| CN115535903B true CN115535903B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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| CN115535903A (en) | 2022-12-30 |
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