CN115535903A - Braking system, safety braking tower crane hoisting mechanism and braking method - Google Patents
Braking system, safety braking tower crane hoisting mechanism and braking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115535903A CN115535903A CN202211028100.6A CN202211028100A CN115535903A CN 115535903 A CN115535903 A CN 115535903A CN 202211028100 A CN202211028100 A CN 202211028100A CN 115535903 A CN115535903 A CN 115535903A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
- B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
- B66D5/24—Operating devices
- B66D5/26—Operating devices pneumatic or hydraulic
- B66D5/28—Operating devices pneumatic or hydraulic specially adapted for winding gear, e.g. in mining hoists
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/02—Driving gear
- B66D1/14—Power transmissions between power sources and drums or barrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
- B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
- B66D5/12—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with axial effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
- B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
- B66D5/24—Operating devices
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Abstract
The invention relates to a braking system, a tower crane hoisting mechanism with safe braking and a braking method, wherein the braking system is used for the tower crane hoisting mechanism, the tower crane hoisting mechanism comprises a motor speed reducer, a coupler and a winding drum, the winding drum is connected with an output shaft of the motor speed reducer through the coupler, the braking system comprises an electromagnetic brake for braking the motor speed reducer, and the braking system also comprises an auxiliary brake for braking the winding drum; the auxiliary brake comprises a hydraulic station, a piston cylinder and a piston, the piston is slidably and hermetically arranged in the piston cylinder, the piston cylinder is fixedly arranged, a force application device enabling the piston to move towards the winding drum is arranged on the piston cylinder all the time, the hydraulic station provides pressure for the piston to enable the piston to move towards the winding drum or towards the opposite direction, the end part of the piston is in contact with or away from the outer side surface of the winding drum to realize braking and clutch of the winding drum, when power is off, the pressure of the hydraulic station disappears, and the piston is in contact with the outer side surface of the winding drum under the action of the force application device to brake, so that the auxiliary brake is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent tower cranes, in particular to a braking system, a tower crane hoisting mechanism with a safety brake function and a braking method.
Background
The tower crane is a rotating crane with a movable arm arranged on the upper part of a high tower body, and consists of a metal structure, a working mechanism and an electrical system, wherein the metal structure comprises the tower body, the movable arm, a base and the like, the working mechanism comprises four parts of lifting, amplitude changing, rotating and walking, and the electrical system comprises a motor, a controller, a power distribution cabinet, a connecting circuit, a signal and lighting device and the like. The hoisting mechanism of tower machine mainly includes motor reducer, the shaft coupling, the reel etc, it makes the lifting hook of below rise or descend to drive the reel through motor reducer from making the flexible mechanism such as pulley of deuterogamying of wire rope that twines on the reel rotate, the shaft coupling is used for connecting motor reducer's output shaft and reel, prior art, tower machine hoisting mechanism's braking mainly leans on motor reducer from the electromagnetic braking ware of taking to realize, some defects of this kind of braking mode, when electromagnetic braking ware breaks down, tower machine hoisting mechanism just can't brake, even under the power failure state, electromagnetic braking ware also can't play the braking action, can bring very big potential safety hazard for the use of tower machine.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a braking system, a tower crane hoisting mechanism with safe braking and a braking method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A braking system is used for a tower crane hoisting mechanism, the tower crane hoisting mechanism comprises a motor speed reducer, a coupler and a winding drum, the winding drum is connected with an output shaft of the motor speed reducer through the coupler, the braking system comprises an electromagnetic brake for braking the motor speed reducer, and the braking system also comprises an auxiliary brake for braking the winding drum;
the auxiliary brake comprises a hydraulic station, a piston cylinder and a piston, the piston is slidably and hermetically arranged in the piston cylinder, the piston cylinder is fixedly arranged, a force application device enabling the piston to move towards the winding drum is arranged on the piston cylinder all the time, the hydraulic station provides pressure for the piston to enable the piston to move towards the winding drum or in the opposite direction, the end part of the piston is in contact with or away from the outer side surface of the winding drum to realize braking and clutch of the winding drum, when power is off, the pressure of the hydraulic station disappears, and the piston is in contact with the outer side surface of the winding drum under the action of the force application device to brake.
The brake system comprises a piston cylinder, a piston cylinder and a force application device, wherein the piston cylinder comprises a cylinder body, an upper cover and a bottom cover, a middle plate is arranged in the cylinder body, the upper cover and the bottom cover are respectively fixed at two ends of the cylinder body, the piston comprises a first piston and a second piston, the second piston is fixedly connected with the first piston, the right end of the first piston is hermetically and slidably matched with an inner cavity of the cylinder body, the left end of the first piston hermetically and slidably penetrates through an upper hole of the middle plate and then is connected with the right end of the second piston, the right end of the second piston is hermetically and slidably matched with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, the left end of the second piston hermetically and slidably penetrates through a hole in the upper cover, and the force application device is arranged between the bottom cover and the first piston; the piston cylinder cavity is divided into a piston cavity I, a piston cavity II, a piston cavity III and a piston cavity IV by the bottom cover, the piston I, the middle plate, the piston II and the upper cover, the piston cavity I and the piston cavity IV are communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the piston cavity II and the piston cavity III are respectively provided with an oil hole I and an oil hole II which are communicated with the hydraulic station.
In the brake system as described above, the biasing device is a brake spring.
The brake system as described above, which is provided with a piston locking device.
According to the braking system, the piston locking device comprises the locking hole and the locking rod which are arranged on the second piston, the locking rod can move up and down under the constraint of the locking support, the locking spring is arranged between the locking rod and the locking support, and the locking spring provides upward elastic force for the locking rod.
The brake system further comprises a locking rod release device, the locking rod release device comprises an insertion rod and a rod seat, one end of the insertion rod is matched with an insertion hole in the locking rod, the other end of the insertion rod is in sliding fit with a guide rail I fixed on the rod seat, the rod seat is in sliding fit with a guide rail II fixed on a locking support, the insertion rod and the rod seat are respectively driven by a first electric push rod and a second electric push rod, a first detection block and a second detection block are arranged on the insertion rod, a first proximity switch and a second proximity switch which are matched with the first detection block and the second detection block are arranged on the rod seat, a third detection block and a fourth detection block are arranged on the rod seat, and a third proximity switch and a fourth proximity switch which are matched with the third detection block and the second detection block are arranged on the locking support.
According to the braking system, the electromagnetic valves are arranged between the first oil hole and the second oil hole and the hydraulic station, and the electromagnetic valves are two-position two-way valves or three-position two-way valves.
A tower crane hoisting mechanism with safety braking comprises the braking system.
The braking system comprises two braking modes, wherein one mode is to brake a motor speed reducer through an electromagnetic brake, and the other mode is to brake a winding drum through an auxiliary brake.
According to the braking method of the tower crane hoisting mechanism with the safe braking function, the braking method of the auxiliary brake has two modes: a standby mode and a power-off emergency mode;
the standby mode braking method comprises the following steps:
when the electromagnetic brake fails, the auxiliary brake is used as a brake mechanism of the tower crane hoisting mechanism, in an initial state, a control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the electric push rod to extend for inserting the insertion rod into the locking rod, and controls the electric push rod to retract for driving the rod seat to drive the insertion rod so as to further drive the locking rod to move downwards, and the locking rod cannot lock the piston in the mode; when the hydraulic station is not started, the first oil hole and the second oil hole have no pressure, the piston tightly abuts against the outer side face of the winding drum to brake the winding drum under the action of a brake spring, and the proximity switch I and the proximity switch IV have signals to indicate that a standby mode can be started; when the hydraulic tower crane hoisting mechanism needs to be disengaged, a control system of the hydraulic tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve to reverse, the oil hole I is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the oil hole II is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the pressure in the piston cavity III is relieved, the pressure oil in the piston cavity II overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring to enable the piston to leave the winding drum, a motor reducer can drive the winding drum to rotate, when the braking is needed, the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve to reverse again, when the power failure occurs in the standby mode, the electromagnetic valve returns to the initial position after the power failure, the pressure in the piston cavity II is relieved, and the piston abuts against the outer side face of the winding drum to brake the winding drum under the action of the brake spring;
the power failure emergency mode braking method comprises the following steps:
when the electromagnetic brake is used, the auxiliary brake is used as the brake when the electromagnetic brake suddenly fails under the condition of sudden power failure of a tower crane hoisting mechanism, when a tower crane is started, a tower crane hoisting mechanism control system firstly controls the electric push rod to extend to enable the insertion rod to be inserted into the locking rod, and controls the electric push rod to retract to enable the rod base to drive the insertion rod so as to further drive the locking rod to move downwards, so that the locking rod does not lock the piston firstly, the tower crane hoisting mechanism control system then starts the hydraulic station, the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve to reverse, the oil hole I is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the oil hole II is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the pressure in the piston cavity III is relieved, the pressure oil in the piston cavity II overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring to enable the piston to leave the winding drum, then the tower crane hoisting mechanism control system firstly controls the electric push rod I to enable the insertion rod to be separated from the locking rod, and controlling the extension of the electric push rod II to enable the rod seat to drive the insert rod so as to further drive the locking rod to move upwards, the motor reducer can drive the winding drum to rotate, when power is suddenly cut off, the electromagnetic brake fails, the electromagnetic valve returns to the initial position, the oil hole I is connected with the oil return port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the oil hole II is connected with the pressure port of the hydraulic station through the electromagnetic valve, the oil hole I and the oil hole II have no pressure, the piston abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum under the action of the brake spring to brake the winding drum, meanwhile, the locking rod is inserted into the locking hole under the action of the brake spring, when power is restored again, a control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism firstly acquires a signal of the proximity switch, and then the proximity switch II and the proximity switch III have signals, the tower crane lifting mechanism control system firstly controls the extension of the electric push rod I to enable the insert rod to be inserted into the locking rod, and controlling the second electric push rod to retract so that the rod seat drives the insertion rod to further drive the locking rod to move downwards, so that the locking rod does not lock the piston, starting the electromagnetic brake when the first proximity switch and the fourth proximity switch have signals, firstly controlling the first electric push rod by a tower crane hoisting mechanism control system to enable the insertion rod to be separated from the locking rod, and controlling the second electric push rod to extend so that the rod seat drives the insertion rod to further drive the locking rod to move upwards, and then, the motor reducer can drive the winding drum to rotate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the braking system, the tower crane hoisting mechanism with safe braking and the braking method, the braking system with the two brakes is arranged, so that the braking system can be continuously used when the electromagnetic brake breaks down, can safely brake when sudden power failure accidents occur, and further ensures safe braking after sudden power failure and sudden power supply by arranging the locking device when the auxiliary brake brakes.
Drawings
The aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a brake system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view indicated by a letter a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a view from direction B of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the cylinder body.
The components represented by the reference numerals in the figures are:
the hydraulic brake device comprises a motor speed reducer 1, a coupler 2, a winding drum 3, a hydraulic station 4, an electromagnetic valve 5, a cylinder body 6, a piston cavity I61, a piston cavity II 62, a piston cavity III 63, a piston cavity IV 64, an oil hole I65, an oil hole II 66, a middle plate 67, a brake spring 7, a piston I8, a piston II 9, a locking hole 91, an upper cover 10, a locking rod 11, an insertion hole 111, a locking spring 12, a locking support 13, an insertion rod 14, a detection block I141, a detection block II 142, an electric push rod I15, a guide rail I16, a guide rail II 17, a rod seat 18, a detection block III 181, a detection block 182, an electric push rod II 19, a proximity switch I20, a proximity switch II 21, a proximity switch III 22, a proximity switch IV 23 and a bottom cover 24.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a brake system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The braking system is used for a tower crane hoisting mechanism, in the prior art, the tower crane hoisting mechanism comprises a motor speed reducer 1, a coupler 2 and a winding drum 3, the winding drum 3 is connected with an output shaft of the motor speed reducer 1 through the coupler 2, the braking system comprises an electromagnetic brake for braking the motor speed reducer 1, and the invention has the core innovation point that the braking system also comprises an auxiliary brake for braking the winding drum 3, wherein the auxiliary brake is used for a standby brake when the electromagnetic brake fails and is also used for braking guarantee when the electromagnetic brake fails when power is suddenly cut off;
as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the auxiliary brake includes a hydraulic station 4, a piston cylinder and a piston, the piston is slidably and hermetically mounted in the piston cylinder, the piston cylinder is fixedly arranged, a force application device for moving the piston towards the winding drum 3 is always arranged on the piston cylinder, the hydraulic station 4 provides pressure for the piston to enable the piston to move towards the winding drum 3 or in the opposite direction, the end part of the piston is in contact with or away from the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 to realize braking and clutch of the winding drum 3, when the power is cut off, the pressure of the hydraulic station 4 disappears, and the piston is in contact with the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 under the action of the force application device to brake.
Further, the piston cylinder is composed of a cylinder body 6, an upper cover 10 and a bottom cover 24, the upper cover 10 and the bottom cover 24 are fixed at two ends of the cylinder body 6 through bolts, the cylinder body 6 is a cylindrical object with openings at two ends, an intermediate plate 67 is arranged in the cylinder body 6, the piston comprises a first piston 8 and a second piston 9, the second piston 9 is fixedly connected with the first piston 8 through bolts, the right end of the first piston 8 is in sliding fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder body 6 in a sealing manner, the sealing performance is usually ensured by adopting a dynamic sealing ring, the left end of the first piston 8 is connected with the right end of the second piston 9 after passing through the upper hole of the intermediate plate 67 in a sealing manner, the right end of the second piston 9 is in sliding fit with the inner cavity of the cylinder body 6 in a sealing manner, the left end of the second piston 9 passes through the hole of the upper cover 10 in a sealing manner, and the force application device, namely, a brake spring 7 is arranged between the bottom cover 24 and the first piston 8; the piston cylinder cavity is divided into a piston cavity I61, a piston cavity II 62, a piston cavity III 63 and a piston cavity IV 64 by the bottom cover 24, the piston I8, the middle plate 67, the piston II 9 and the upper cover 10, the piston cavity I61 and the piston cavity IV 64 are communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the piston cavity II 62 and the piston cavity III 63 are respectively provided with an oil hole I65 and an oil hole II 66 which are communicated with the hydraulic station 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the brake system is provided with a piston locking device, the piston locking device includes a locking hole 91 and a locking rod 11 which are arranged on the second piston 9, the locking rod 11 can move up and down under the constraint of a locking support 13, the locking support 13 is fixedly arranged, a hole matched with the shape of the locking rod 11 is arranged on the locking support 13, the locking rod 11 can slide up and down along the matching hole, a locking spring 12 is arranged between the locking rod 11 and the locking support 13, and the locking spring 12 provides upward elasticity for the locking rod 11.
Further, the locking rod release device comprises an insertion rod 14 and a rod seat 18, one end of the insertion rod 14 is matched with an insertion hole 111 in the locking rod 11, the other end of the insertion rod 14 is in sliding fit with a first guide rail 16 fixed on the rod seat 18, the rod seat 18 is in sliding fit with a second guide rail 17 fixed on the locking support 13, the insertion rod 14 and the rod seat 18 are driven by a first electric push rod 15 and a second electric push rod 19 respectively, a first detection block 141 and a second detection block 142 are arranged on the insertion rod 14, a first proximity switch 20 and a second proximity switch 21 which are matched with the first detection block 141 and the second detection block 142 are arranged on the rod seat 18, a third detection block 181 and a second detection block 182 are arranged on the rod seat 18, and a third proximity switch 22 and a fourth proximity switch 23 which are matched with the third detection block 181 and the second detection block 182 are arranged on the locking support 13.
Furthermore, an electromagnetic valve 5 is arranged between the first oil hole 65 and the second oil hole 66 and the hydraulic station 4, and the electromagnetic valve 5 is a two-position two-way valve or a three-position two-way valve.
The invention also provides a tower crane hoisting mechanism with the braking system and safe braking.
The braking method of the tower crane hoisting mechanism with the safety braking function comprises two braking modes, wherein one braking mode is to brake the motor speed reducer 1 through an electromagnetic brake, and the other braking mode is to brake the winding drum 3 through an auxiliary brake.
Further, the braking method of the auxiliary brake has two modes: a standby mode and a power-off emergency mode;
standby mode:
the mode is used as a standby brake when the electromagnetic brake breaks down, and two modes of the auxiliary brake are set in a tower crane hoisting mechanism or a control system of a tower crane: a standby mode and a power-off emergency mode (the mode is not specially set, and the power-off emergency mode of the auxiliary brake is defaulted when the electromagnetic brake is started);
when the electromagnetic brake fails, the auxiliary brake is used as a brake mechanism of a tower crane hoisting mechanism, and the method comprises the following steps:
s101: the control system of the tower crane or the tower crane hoisting mechanism sets the tower crane braking system to be in a standby mode, and the auxiliary brake brakes the winding drum 3 in an initial state;
s102: firstly, the locking in the braking state is released, a control system of a tower crane hoisting mechanism controls a first electric push rod 15 to extend so that an insertion rod 14 is inserted into an insertion hole 111 of a locking rod 11, and controls a second electric push rod 19 to retract so that a rod seat 18 drives the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move downwards, and the locking rod 11 cannot lock a piston in the mode;
s103: when the electromagnetic valve 5 is in a non-electrified state, the first oil hole 65 is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the second oil hole 66 is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, when the hydraulic station 4 is not started, no pressure exists in the first oil hole 65 and the second oil hole 66, and the piston abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 to brake the winding drum 3 under the action of the brake spring 7;
s104: after the control system obtains signals of a first proximity switch 20 and a fourth proximity switch 23, the system is normal, the working state of the hoisting mechanism can be entered, the hydraulic station 4 is started, pressure oil of the hydraulic station 4 enters a piston cavity III 63 through an oil hole II 66, so that the clamping force between a piston and a winding drum 3 is increased, the piston and the winding drum are braked by the pressure of the hydraulic station 4 and a brake spring 7 together, when the separation is needed, the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls an electromagnetic valve 5 to reverse, the oil hole I65 is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the oil hole II 66 is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the pressure in the piston cavity III 63 is relieved, the pressure oil in a piston cavity II 62 overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring 7 so that the piston leaves the winding drum 3, and the motor reducer 1 can drive the winding drum 3 to rotate;
s105: after the clutch is carried out (for example, after the electromagnetic valve 5 is reversed for 0.1 second), the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the electric push rod I15 to retract so that the insertion rod 14 is separated from the insertion hole 111 of the locking rod 11, and then controls the electric push rod II 19 to extend so that the rod seat 18 drives the insertion rod 14 to move upwards, so as to ensure that the locking rod 11 is spontaneously locked after each piston braking;
s106: during braking, the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve 5 to change direction again, the second piston cavity 62 is decompressed, pressure oil of the hydraulic station 4 enters the third piston cavity 63 through the second oil hole 66, the piston is close to the winding drum 3, and the locking rod 11 is inserted into the locking hole 91 under the action of the locking spring 12;
s107: when the tower crane lifting mechanism needs to be separated again, the locking of the braking state is firstly released, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls the electric push rod I15 to extend so that the insertion rod 14 is inserted into the insertion hole 111 of the locking rod 11, and controls the electric push rod II 19 to retract so that the rod seat 18 drives the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move downwards, and the piston cannot be locked by the locking rod 11 in the mode;
s108: after the control system obtains signals of a first proximity switch 20 and a fourth proximity switch 23, the system is normal and can be clutched, the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve 5 to reverse, the first oil hole 65 is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the second oil hole 66 is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, pressure in the third piston cavity 63 is relieved, pressure oil in the second piston cavity 62 overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring 7 to enable the piston to leave the winding drum 3, and the motor reducer 1 drives the winding drum 3 to rotate;
s109: executing S105-S108 operations;
s110: when power failure occurs in the standby mode, the electromagnetic valve 5 returns to the initial position after power failure, the second piston cavity 62 is decompressed, and the piston tightly abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 to brake the winding drum 3 under the action of the braking spring 7; when power is supplied again, the electromagnetic valve 5 needs to be controlled to be reversed through the control system to perform clutch operation, only when the hydraulic station 4 recovers power supply, pressure of the piston cavity 62 cannot be caused, braking safety during sudden power failure and power supply again is guaranteed, meanwhile, in order to prevent errors or other misoperation of the electromagnetic valve 5, direct clutch during power supply again is achieved, a lifting mechanism is suddenly started, safety accidents occur, when braking is performed, the brake rod 11 locks the piston, and in order to perform clutch operation, locking of the brake rod 11 needs to be relieved firstly.
The power failure emergency mode braking method comprises the following steps:
this mode is used when the electromagnetic brake is suddenly powered off in normal use, causing the electromagnetic brake to fail.
S201: when the tower crane is started, the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism firstly controls the first electric push rod 15 to extend so that the insertion rod 14 is inserted into the locking rod 11, and controls the second electric push rod 19 to retract so that the rod seat 18 drives the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move downwards, so that the locking rod 11 does not lock the piston firstly;
s202: the hydraulic station 4 is started by a control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism, the electromagnetic valve 5 is controlled by the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism to reverse, the first oil hole 65 is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the second oil hole 66 is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the pressure in the third piston cavity 63 is relieved, and the pressure oil in the second piston cavity 62 overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring 7 to enable the piston to leave the winding drum 3;
s203, the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the first electric push rod 15 to enable the insertion rod 14 to be separated from the locking rod 11, controls the second electric push rod 19 to extend to enable the rod seat 18 to drive the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move upwards, and the motor speed reducer 1 can drive the winding drum 3 to rotate; in the embodiment, the electromagnetic valve 5 is a two-position two-way valve, the two-way valve respectively connects the pressure oil port and the oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 with the oil hole one 65 or the oil hole two 66, the two-position indicates the connection and the transformation of the oil hole one 65 and the oil hole two 66 with the pressure oil port and the oil return port, and in the normal use state of the electromagnetic brake, the clutch of the auxiliary brake is realized by the hydraulic station 4 all the time, which wastes energy, in another embodiment, the three-position two-way valve is selected, after the hydraulic station 4 is clutched, the electromagnetic valve 5 is controlled to be switched to a third position, in which the oil hole one 65 and the oil hole two 66 are blocked, and at this time, the clutch state of the auxiliary brake can be maintained;
s204: when power is suddenly cut off, the electromagnetic brake fails, the electromagnetic valve 5 recovers to the initial position, namely the first oil hole 65 is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, the second oil hole 66 is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station 4 through the electromagnetic valve 5, no pressure exists in the first oil hole 65 and the second oil hole 66, the piston abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum 3 under the action of the braking spring 7 to brake the winding drum 3, and meanwhile, the locking rod 11 is inserted into the locking hole 91 under the action of the braking spring 7 to lock the braking state;
s205: when power supply is recovered again, the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism firstly acquires signals of the proximity switch, the proximity switch II 21 and the proximity switch III 22 have signals at the moment, and after the signals that the electromagnetic brake is started normally are obtained at the same time, the tower crane hoisting mechanism control system controls the electric push rod I15 to extend so that the insertion rod 14 is inserted into the locking rod 11, and controls the electric push rod II 19 to retract so that the rod seat 18 drives the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move downwards, the locking rod 11 does not lock the piston, and when the proximity switch I20 and the proximity switch IV 23 have signals, the electromagnetic brake can execute clutch operation;
s206, the tower crane hoisting mechanism control system controls the first electric push rod 15 to enable the insertion rod 14 to be separated from the locking rod 11, and controls the second electric push rod 19 to extend to enable the rod seat 18 to drive the insertion rod 14 to further drive the locking rod 11 to move upwards, at the moment, the electromagnetic brake can be disengaged, and the motor reducer 1 can drive the winding drum 3 to rotate.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A braking system is used for a tower crane hoisting mechanism, the tower crane hoisting mechanism comprises a motor speed reducer (1), a coupler (2) and a winding drum (3), the winding drum (3) is connected with an output shaft of the motor speed reducer (1) through the coupler (2), the braking system comprises an electromagnetic brake for braking the motor speed reducer (1), and the braking system is characterized by further comprising an auxiliary brake for braking the winding drum (3);
the auxiliary brake comprises a hydraulic station (4), a piston cylinder and a piston, wherein the piston is slidably and hermetically arranged in the piston cylinder, the piston cylinder is fixedly arranged, a force application device which enables the piston to move towards the winding drum (3) is always arranged on the piston cylinder, the hydraulic station (4) provides pressure for the piston to enable the piston to move towards the winding drum (3) or in the opposite direction, the end part of the piston is in contact with the outer side surface of the winding drum (3) or is far away from the outer side surface of the winding drum to realize braking and clutch of the winding drum (3), when power is off, the pressure of the hydraulic station (4) disappears, and the piston is in contact with the outer side surface of the winding drum (3) under the action of the force application device to brake.
2. A brake system according to claim 1, wherein the piston cylinder is composed of a cylinder body (6), an upper cover (10) and a lower cover (24), a middle plate (67) is arranged in the cylinder body (6), the upper cover (10) and the lower cover (24) are respectively fixed at two ends of the cylinder body (6), the piston comprises a first piston (8) and a second piston (9), the second piston (9) is fixedly connected with the first piston (8), the right end of the first piston (8) is hermetically and slidably matched with the inner cavity of the cylinder body (6), the left end of the first piston (8) is hermetically and slidably matched with the right end of the second piston (9) after passing through the upper hole of the middle plate (67), the right end of the second piston (9) is hermetically and slidably matched with the inner cavity of the cylinder body (6), the left end of the second piston (9) is hermetically and slidably matched with the hole of the upper cover (10), and the force application device is arranged between the lower cover (24) and the first piston (8); the piston cylinder cavity is divided into a piston cavity I (61), a piston cavity II (62), a piston cavity III (63) and a piston cavity IV (64) by the bottom cover (24), the piston I (8), the middle plate (67), the piston II (9) and the upper cover (10), the piston cavity I (61) and the piston cavity IV (64) are communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the piston cavity II (62) and the piston cavity III (63) are respectively provided with an oil hole I (65) and an oil hole II (66) which are communicated with the hydraulic station (4).
3. A braking system according to claim 2, characterized in that the force means is a brake spring (7).
4. A braking system according to claim 2, characterized in that the braking system is provided with piston locking means.
5. A brake system according to claim 4, wherein the piston locking device comprises a locking hole (91) and a locking rod (11) which are arranged on the second piston (9), the locking rod (11) can move up and down under the constraint of a locking bracket (13), a locking spring (12) is arranged between the locking rod (11) and the locking bracket (13), and the locking spring (12) gives the locking rod (11) upward elasticity.
6. The brake system according to claim 5, further comprising a locking lever release device, wherein the locking lever release device comprises an insertion lever (14) and a lever base (18), one end of the insertion lever (14) is matched with the insertion hole (111) on the locking lever (11), the other end of the insertion lever (14) is in sliding fit with a first guide rail (16) fixed on the lever base (18), the lever base (18) is in sliding fit with a second guide rail (17) fixed on the locking bracket (13), the insertion lever (14) and the lever base (18) are respectively driven by a first electric push rod (15) and a second electric push rod (19), a first detection block (141) and a second detection block (142) are arranged on the insertion lever (14), a first proximity switch (20) and a second proximity switch (21) which are used with the first detection block (141) and the second detection block (142) are arranged on the lever base (18), a third detection block (181) and a second detection block (182) are arranged on the lever base (18), and a third proximity switch (23) and a fourth proximity switch (23) which are used with the first detection block (141) and the second detection block (142) are arranged on the locking bracket (13).
7. A braking system according to claim 6, characterised in that a solenoid valve (5) is arranged between the first (65) and second (66) oil port and the hydraulic station (4), the solenoid valve (5) being a two-position two-way valve or a three-position two-way valve.
8. A safety braked tower crane hoisting mechanism, characterized in that it comprises a braking system as claimed in any one of claims 1-7.
9. A braking method for a tower crane hoisting mechanism with safe braking, characterized in that a braking system according to any one of claims 1-7 is used, and the braking system comprises two braking forms, one is used for braking a motor reducer (1) through an electromagnetic brake, and the other is used for braking a winding drum (3) through an auxiliary brake.
10. A method for braking a tower crane hoisting mechanism with safety braking as claimed in claim 9, wherein the auxiliary brake has two modes: a standby mode and a power-off emergency mode;
the standby mode braking method comprises the following steps:
when the electromagnetic brake fails, the auxiliary brake is used as a braking mechanism of a tower crane lifting mechanism, in an initial state, a control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism controls a first electric push rod (15) to extend to enable an insertion rod (14) to be inserted into a locking rod (11), and controls a second electric push rod (19) to retract to enable a rod seat (18) to drive the insertion rod (14) to further drive the locking rod (11) to move downwards, and the locking rod (11) cannot lock a piston in the mode; when the electromagnetic valve (5) is in a non-electrified state, the first oil hole (65) is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the second oil hole (66) is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), when the hydraulic station (4) is not started, the first oil hole (65) and the second oil hole (66) have no pressure, the piston abuts against the outer side surface of the winding drum (3) under the action of the braking spring (7) to brake the winding drum (3), and when the proximity switch I (20) and the proximity switch IV (23) have signals, the standby mode can be started; the working state of the hoisting mechanism is started, pressure oil of the hydraulic station (4) enters a piston cavity III (63) through an oil hole II (66) so that the clamping force of a piston and a winding drum (3) is increased, the hydraulic station (4) brakes by means of pressure and a brake spring (7), when the hydraulic station needs to be separated, a control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the reversing of an electromagnetic valve (5), an oil hole I (65) is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the oil hole II (66) is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the pressure in the piston cavity III (63) is relieved, the pressure oil in a piston cavity II (62) overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring (7) so that the piston leaves the winding drum (3), a motor speed reducer (1) can drive the winding drum (3) to rotate, when braking is needed, the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve (5) to reverse, when power failure occurs in a standby mode, the electromagnetic valve (5) returns to an initial position after power failure occurs, the piston cavity II (62) relieves the pressure, and the outer side face of the winding drum (3) is tightly abutted against the braking spring (7) under the action of the winding drum (3);
the power failure emergency mode braking method comprises the following steps:
when the electromagnetic brake is used, the auxiliary brake is used as the brake when the electromagnetic brake suddenly fails under the condition of sudden power failure of the tower crane hoisting mechanism, when the tower crane is started, the tower crane hoisting mechanism control system firstly controls the first electric push rod (15) to extend so that the insertion rod (14) is inserted into the locking rod (11), and controls the second electric push rod (19) to retract so that the rod seat (18) drives the insertion rod (14) to further drive the locking rod (11) to move downwards, so that the locking rod (11) does not lock the piston firstly, the tower crane hoisting mechanism control system then starts the hydraulic station (4), the control system of the tower crane hoisting mechanism controls the electromagnetic valve (5) to change direction, the first oil hole (65) is connected with the pressure port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the second oil hole (66) is connected with the oil return port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the pressure in the third piston cavity (63) is relieved, the pressure oil in the second piston cavity (62) overcomes the elastic force of the brake spring (7) so that the piston leaves the winding drum (3), then the control system controls the first electric push rod (15) to insert into the locking rod (15) so that the electric push rod (11) can drive the electric push rod (11) to move upwards, and drive the electric motor (11) to move, and drive the electric reduction box (11) to move upwards, when power is suddenly cut off, the electromagnetic brake fails, the electromagnetic valve (5) is restored to the initial position, the first oil hole (65) is connected with an oil return port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), the second oil hole (66) is connected with a pressure port of the hydraulic station (4) through the electromagnetic valve (5), neither the first oil hole (65) nor the second oil hole (66) has pressure, the piston is abutted against the outer side surface of the winding drum (3) under the action of the braking spring (7) to brake the winding drum (3), meanwhile, the locking rod (11) is inserted into the locking hole (91) under the action of the braking spring (7), when power is restored again, a control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism firstly obtains a signal of the proximity switch, at the moment, the second proximity switch (21) and the third proximity switch (22) have signals, the control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism firstly controls the first electric push rod (15) to extend so that the insertion rod (14) is inserted into the locking rod (11), and controls the second electric push rod (19) to retract so that the rod seat (18) drives the insertion rod (14) to further drive the locking rod (11) to move downwards so that the first electromagnetic brake and the first electromagnetic switch (23) is not to be inserted into the locking rod (23), and the piston (15) is not to be inserted into the electric control mechanism, when the electric control system of the tower crane lifting mechanism (20) is started, and the second electric push rod (19) is controlled to extend, so that the rod seat (18) drives the inserting rod (14) to further drive the locking rod (11) to move upwards, and at the moment, the motor speed reducer (1) can drive the winding drum (3) to rotate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211028100.6A CN115535903B (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Braking system, tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking and braking method |
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| CN202211028100.6A CN115535903B (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Braking system, tower crane lifting mechanism for safety braking and braking method |
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| CN115535903B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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