CN115534038A - Anti-deformation wood composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-deformation wood composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115534038A CN115534038A CN202211214305.3A CN202211214305A CN115534038A CN 115534038 A CN115534038 A CN 115534038A CN 202211214305 A CN202211214305 A CN 202211214305A CN 115534038 A CN115534038 A CN 115534038A
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- wood
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/50—Mixtures of different organic impregnating agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-deformation wood composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the anti-deformation wood composite material comprises the following steps: s1, soaking wood in vegetable oil; s2, transferring the wood soaked by the vegetable oil into a polymer hydrogel precursor solution, wherein the polymer hydrogel precursor solution comprises the following components: acrylamide, potassium persulfate, N, N-tetramethylethylenediamine and distilled water; and S3, placing the wood in a high-temperature environment to fully polymerize acrylamide, so as to obtain the anti-deformation wood composite material. The wood material is firstly soaked by the vegetable oil, so that the moisture absorption of the wood is greatly reduced; then growing a layer of polymer hydrogel protective film on the surface of the wood in situ, thereby increasing the hydrophilicity of the wood and avoiding the problem of volatilization of vegetable oil in wood pores; therefore, the composite wood prepared by the method has low moisture absorption performance and excellent deformation resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wood processing, in particular to an anti-deformation wood composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
As a typical renewable building material, wood has natural texture and color, good humidity regulation and excellent heat insulation and noise reduction performances. Wood materials and related derived products have been widely used in the construction and related industries. The wood contains abundant cellulose, hemicellulose, fructose and other hydrophilic substances, is easy to absorb/desorb water, and has the phenomenon of wet swelling/dry shrinkage. Because the wood belongs to anisotropic materials, the internal stress of the wood on each dimension is uneven in the adsorption-desorption process, and the phenomena of deformation, cracking and the like are easily caused.
At present, the reported deformation-resistant technologies mainly include: physical reinforcement, physical barrier, chemical denaturation, and the like. Physical means such as steel bars and iron wires are adopted to physically reinforce the wood in a mode of bundling at the outer edge of the wood or penetrating in the wood, the occurrence of large cracking of the wood can be effectively relieved, the wood is locally repaired, but the protection means has no effect on microcracks and deformation. The coating is constructed on the surface of the wood, so that the moisture exchange performance of the wood and air is reduced in a physical barrier mode, and the deformation resistance of the wood is enhanced. However, the coatings (such as paraffin, red paint and the like) lack mutual crosslinking with wood, and contact interfaces are fragile, so that the actual protection effect is poor. Chemical denaturation means such as carbonization can decompose moisture absorption substances such as hemicellulose, fructose and the like, reduce the moisture exchange performance of wood and air, and enhance the deformation resistance, but the processing technology is complex, the cost is high, and the repeatability is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new protection techniques.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-deformation wood composite material and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of the deformation-resistant wood composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking wood in vegetable oil, and fully standing;
s2, transferring the wood soaked by the vegetable oil into a polymer hydrogel precursor solution, wherein the polymer hydrogel precursor solution comprises the following components:
acrylamide, potassium persulfate, N, N-tetramethylethylenediamine and distilled water;
and S3, placing the wood in a high-temperature environment to fully polymerize acrylamide, so as to obtain the deformation-resistant wood composite material.
The deformation resistance of the invention aims at the deformation and cracking caused by the swelling/drying shrinkage phenomenon of the absorbed/desorbed water of the wood.
In step S1 of the present invention, by immersing wood in vegetable oil, vegetable oil can be immersed in internal pores (wood pores) of the wood, and when the internal pores of the wood are filled with the vegetable oil, moisture absorption rate of the wood can be significantly reduced, and experiments prove that: the moisture absorption of the wood after soaking with the vegetable oil was reduced by about 18% compared to wood without the vegetable oil soaking treatment.
The vegetable oil capable of reducing the moisture absorption rate of the wood comprises palm oil, wood oil, castor oil and tung oil, and when the wood moisture absorption device is used, the vegetable oil at least comprises one of palm oil, wood oil, castor oil and tung oil. The test proves that: wood oil is most effective, next palm oil and rapeseed oil, and then tung oil, and thus, in actual use, wood oil can be preferably used from the viewpoint of the effect of reducing the moisture absorption rate.
In step S2 of the present invention, acrylamide, potassium persulfate, N-tetramethylethylenediamine are all existing chemical reagents, wherein acrylamide can physically crosslink (hydrogen bond, van der waals force) with fibers in wood at high temperature, and a polyacrylamide polymer hydrogel grows in situ on the surface of wood.
In conclusion, the wood is firstly soaked by the vegetable oil, so that the moisture absorption of the wood is greatly reduced; and then a layer of polymer hydrogel protective film grows on the surface of the wood in situ, so that the hydrophilicity of the wood is increased, the problem of volatilization of vegetable oil in wood pores is solved, the low moisture absorption rate of the wood is maintained for a long time, the phenomenon of wet swelling/dry shrinkage of adsorbed/desorbed water of the wood is relieved, and the deformation resistance of the wood is further enhanced.
And the physical crosslinking between the cellulose and the polyacrylamide increases the binding force between the protective layer and the wood, and can practically avoid the problems of wood cracking and deformation.
And compared with the existing carbonization method, the method has the advantage of simple process.
Further, in step S1, in order to increase the loading amount of the vegetable oil in the wood, the wood may be soaked in the vegetable oil in a vacuum, pressurized or heated environment, wherein the heated environment may be realized by cooking, and the vacuum and pressurized environment may also be realized by existing means.
Further, in the step S1, the soaking time is 6-48 h, so that the wood can be fully soaked in the vegetable oil, and the pores of the wood are fully soaked with the vegetable oil.
Further, in step S2, the polymer hydrogel precursor solution is prepared by the following steps:
every 500ml of distilled water contains 100g of acrylamide, 0.1-1 g of potassium persulfate and 0.1-5.0 ml of N, N, N, N-tetramethyl ethylenediamine.
Further, in step S2, the soaking time is 1 to 30min.
Further, in step S3, the temperature of the high-temperature environment is 50 to 70 ℃.
The temperature has a large influence on the polymerization of the hydrogel, the higher the high temperature is, the faster the polymerization rate is, the better the toughness of the hydrogel is, but more water is lost, and the applicant finds through a large number of experiments that the polymerization temperature is 50-70 ℃, the toughness of the hydrogel is better, and more water is retained at the same time.
Further, in step S3, the polymerization time is 6 to 48 hours.
Further, the wood includes balsa, cedar, poplar, rubber wood or rose willow.
A deformation-resistant wood composite material comprises wood, wherein vegetable oil is filled in pores of the wood, and polyacrylamide polymer hydrogel grows and forms on the surface of the wood.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention firstly soaks the wood in the vegetable oil, reduces the moisture exchange performance between the wood and the air; and then, the polyacrylamide polymer hydrogel grows on the surface of the wood in situ to obtain the wood composite material with high interface stability, so that the volatility of the vegetable oil in wood pores is reduced, the binding force of the protective layer and the wood is increased, and the problems of cracking and deformation of the wood can be practically avoided.
2. The composite wood prepared by the method has low moisture absorption performance and excellent deformation resistance, and the moisture absorption rate of the composite material is lower than 5 percent when the composite wood is placed in a humid environment with relative humidity of 90 percent for 14 days; in the temperature range of 25-80 ℃, the vegetable oil in the wood pores is not separated out, and the wood always keeps the original color; the composite wood is circulated for 240 hours at the temperature of 25-80 ℃, and the problems of cracking, deformation and the like do not occur.
3. Compared with the existing carbonization method, the preparation method has the advantages of simple process, easy large-scale popularization and suitability for industrial production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an optical micrograph of a composite prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a light infiltration angle measurement of the composite prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is the initial morphology of the composite material of Salix purpurea and Salix purpurea in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the appearance of the composite material of Salix purpurea and Salix purpurea after 120h of cold and heat test in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a morphology chart of the composite material of Salix purpurea and Salix purpurea in example 1 after 240h of cold and heat test;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the deformation prevention test of the poplar composite material according to example 2;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the deformation prevention test of the balsa wood composite of example 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the deformation-resistant wood composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking in vegetable oil: preprocessing rose willow into a certain shape, and soaking in palm oil in a vacuum environment for 12h;
s2, surface modification of wood: transferring the wood soaked by the vegetable oil into a polymer hydrogel precursor solution, and standing for 10min, wherein the polymer hydrogel precursor solution comprises the following components:
100g acrylamide, 500ml deionized water, 0.4 ml potassium persulfate and 2ml N, N-tetramethylethylenediamine;
and S3, soaking the wood in the polymer hydrogel precursor solution for 10min, transferring the wood into a heat preservation box, setting the temperature of the heat preservation box at 60 ℃, and aging for 12 hours to fully polymerize acrylamide to obtain the anti-deformation wood composite material.
Material characterization and testing was performed on the deformation resistant wood composite prepared in example 1:
1) The deformation-resistant wood composite material is subjected to optical microscope test. As shown in fig. 1, the composite sample was fully filled with palm oil.
2) And the infiltration angle performance test is carried out on the deformation-resisting wood composite material. As shown in fig. 2, the composite wood is a super-hydrophilic material.
3) And the anti-leakage experiment is carried out on the anti-deformation wood composite material. The composite wood has no obvious vegetable oil leakage within the temperature range of 25-80 ℃.
4) And the deformation-resistant wood composite material is subjected to deformation-resistant test. As shown in FIG. 3, the anti-deformation test was performed on the Salix purpurea having a diameter of about 2 cm. As shown in FIG. 4, small cracks appeared in the natural rose willow after being cycled for 120 hours at 25-80 ℃. As shown in FIG. 5, after the treatment of the salix integra wood is cycled for 240 hours at 25-80 ℃, no cracking or deformation is observed, and all samples maintain the original color and texture.
Example 2:
the present example is based on example 1, and is different from example 1 in the kind of raw wood, and the raw wood of the present example is poplar. Other modification techniques are exactly the same. As can be seen from FIG. 6, after the poplar treated by the technology is subjected to temperature cycling at 25-80 ℃ for 240h, no cracking or deformation is observed, and all samples maintain the original color and texture.
Example 3:
example the example is based on example 1, and unlike example 1, the kind of raw wood is different, and the raw wood of this example is balsa. Other modification techniques are exactly the same. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the Barsha wood treated by the technology has no cracking or deformation after being cycled for 240h at the temperature of 25-80 ℃.
Example 4:
this example investigates the moisture absorption properties of wood treated with different vegetable oils. The method is characterized in that porous balsa is adopted as a research object, wood is respectively soaked in palm oil, wood oil, tung oil and rapeseed oil for 24 hours and then is placed in a humid environment with 90% of relative humidity, and the moisture absorption rates of the wood after 48 hours are respectively 3.4%, 2.3%, 4.8% and 3.6%, and are obviously lower than 21.8% of that of untreated wood. The moisture absorption rates of the natural lumber after 100h, 200h and 300h are respectively 30.5%, 54.7% and 77.4%. In contrast, the moisture absorption rates of the wood soaked by the wood oil at the corresponding times are respectively 8.9%, 17.7% and 21.1%. This is sufficient to show that vegetable oils can significantly reduce the hygroscopicity of wood.
In conclusion, the invention is realized by immersing the vegetable oil into the pore channels of the wood in advance and then growing the polymer hydrogel protective layer on the surface of the wood in situ. The wood composite material can be stable in air for a long time, and the filled polymer hydrogel (transparent) does not affect the texture of the wood material. The wood material has good hydrophilicity, but has weak water adsorption performance, and the wood material can not generate cracks, deformation and other phenomena in the temperature cycle process. Therefore, the invention has application value in the fields of buildings, indoor decoration, furniture and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the deformation-resistant wood composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, soaking wood in vegetable oil;
s2, transferring the wood soaked by the vegetable oil into a polymer hydrogel precursor solution, wherein the polymer hydrogel precursor solution comprises the following components:
acrylamide, potassium persulfate, N, N-tetramethylethylenediamine and distilled water;
and S3, placing the wood in a high-temperature environment to fully polymerize acrylamide, so as to obtain the anti-deformation wood composite material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the vegetable oil comprises at least one of palm oil, wood oil, castor oil, and tung oil.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the wood is soaked in the vegetable oil under vacuum, pressure or heat in step S1.
4. The method for preparing the deformation-resistant wood composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the step S1 is 6 to 48 hours.
5. The method for preparing the deformation-resistant wood composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the polymer hydrogel precursor solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight:
every 500ml of distilled water contains 100g of acrylamide, 0.1-1 g of potassium persulfate and 0.1-5.0 ml of N, N, N, N-tetramethyl ethylenediamine.
6. The method for preparing the deformation-resistant wood composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the step S2 is 1-30 min.
7. The method for preparing a deformation-resistant wood composite material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the high temperature environment in the step S3 is 50 to 70 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the deformation-resistant wood composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymerization time is 6 to 48 hours in the step S3.
9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the wood comprises balsa, cedar, poplar, rubber wood, or rose willow.
10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the anti-deformation wood composite material comprises wood, the pores of the wood are filled with vegetable oil, and the surface of the wood is grown to form the polyacrylamide polymer hydrogel.
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