CN115401757B - Dehydration shaping method for saturated wooden cultural relics - Google Patents
Dehydration shaping method for saturated wooden cultural relics Download PDFInfo
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- CN115401757B CN115401757B CN202211216816.9A CN202211216816A CN115401757B CN 115401757 B CN115401757 B CN 115401757B CN 202211216816 A CN202211216816 A CN 202211216816A CN 115401757 B CN115401757 B CN 115401757B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
Abstract
The invention discloses a dehydration shaping method of a saturated wooden cultural relic, which specifically comprises the following steps: dissolving low molecular weight branched polyethyleneimine in water to prepare a branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10-60%; soaking the saturated wooden relics in the branched polyethyleneimine water solution until the branched polyethyleneimine permeates into the saturated wooden relics; taking out the saturated wooden relics, and removing redundant branched polyethyleneimine on the surfaces of the saturated wooden relics; spraying 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether with the mass concentration of 1-5% on the surface of the saturated wooden cultural relics for multiple times, then wrapping the saturated wooden cultural relics by using a perforated plastic film, and naturally drying in the shade to enable the saturated wooden cultural relics to reach constant weight, thereby completing the dehydration and shaping of the saturated wooden cultural relics. The dehydration shaping method is simple and convenient to operate, short in treatment period, capable of effectively dehydrating, reinforcing and shaping the saturated wooden cultural relics, and good in dimensional stability and mechanical property of the treated saturated wooden cultural relics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultural relics protection and repair, and particularly relates to a dehydration shaping method of a saturated wooden cultural relics.
Background
The utilization of the woodware by human beings can be traced to the original period at the earliest, and then the woodware is developed into tools such as a wood base lacquer device, and the manufacturing process is continuously improved and changed along with the development of the history. Therefore, the ancient lacquer wood ware is one of precious physical data for researching the ancient history of China. The main components of the ancient lacquer wood comprise cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and the ancient lacquer wood is buried underground for a long time and is soaked and eroded by groundwater for a long time, and the internal molecular structure of the ancient lacquer wood is degraded and is completely saturated by water. After the cultural relics in the water-saturated state are unearthed, the surfaces of the cultural relics are affected by sudden changes of the environment to be quickly dried and contracted, the internal drying speed is relatively low, the difference between the internal and external drying and contracting conditions is large, and irreversible destructive changes such as warping, cracking, peeling, deformation and the like can be generated. Thus, the unearthed saturated woody relics cannot be allowed to dry naturally and must be subjected to protective treatments.
The protective treatment of the saturated wooden cultural relics mainly needs to achieve the following two purposes of dehydration and setting: 1. removing most of the moisture in the fiber to a normal level on the basis of the shape of the holder body; 2. the filler is infiltrated into or surface-adhered to properly reinforce the article.
The protection treatment method of lacquer wood relics is quite a lot, and the principle of the treatment method of the wooden relics and lacquer ware relics is basically consistent. Typical lacquer wood protection treatment methods at present comprise a natural drying method, a solution impregnation method, a monomer impregnation polymerization method, a polymer impregnation method, a freeze drying combined method and the like. The solution impregnation method and the monomer impregnation polymerization method mostly adopt volatile and flammable organic solvents such as diethyl ether, ethanol and the like, have high requirements on actual operation, material storage and safety protection in the treatment process, and have certain harm to human bodies and the environment in the application process; the water solution system adopted by the partial polymer impregnation method has longer permeation period of the polymer filler in the full water paint woodware due to the larger molecular weight of the polymer; the freeze-drying method adopts the principle of direct sublimation after freezing water molecules to dehydrate, so that the dehydration period can be effectively shortened to a certain extent, but the method is generally combined with a polymer impregnation method and other methods, has complex operation and can be influenced by poor permeability of a polymer filler.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the dehydration shaping method for the saturated wooden cultural relics, which is simple and convenient to operate and short in treatment period, can effectively dehydrate, strengthen and shape the saturated wooden cultural relics, and has good dimensional stability and mechanical properties after being treated.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the dehydration shaping method of the saturated wooden cultural relics specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine in water to prepare 10-60% branched polyethylenimine water solution;
(2) Soaking the saturated wooden relics in the branched polyethyleneimine water solution until the branched polyethyleneimine permeates into the saturated wooden relics;
(3) Taking out the saturated wooden relics, and removing redundant branched polyethyleneimine on the surfaces of the saturated wooden relics;
(4) Spraying 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether with the mass concentration of 1-5% on the surface of the saturated wooden cultural relics for multiple times, then wrapping the saturated wooden cultural relics by using a perforated plastic film, and naturally drying in the shade to enable the saturated wooden cultural relics to reach constant weight, thereby completing the dehydration and shaping of the saturated wooden cultural relics.
Further, the molecular weight of the branched polyethyleneimine is 600 to 1200.
Further, the mass concentration of the branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution is 10-30%.
Further, in the step (2), the saturated wooden relics are soaked into the aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine until the density of the aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine is not changed any more, at the moment, the soaked aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine is replaced by the new aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine, and the infiltration process is continued, so that the difference between the density of the aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine soaked by the saturated wooden relics and the density of the new aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine is not more than 10 percent.
Further, qualitative filter paper is adopted to remove the branched polyethyleneimine on the surface of the saturated wooden cultural relics.
Further, in the step (4), when spraying 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, spraying is performed for 1-10 times in total at intervals of 5-20 hours according to actual application scenes.
Further, the mass concentration of the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is 3-5%.
Further, in the step (4), the temperature is not higher than 25 ℃ when naturally drying in the shade.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts low molecular weight branched polyethyleneimine as filler, has good permeability, and can effectively shorten the permeation period, thereby effectively shortening the dehydration setting period (treatment period); and the branched polyethyleneimine has a plurality of active sites and contains a plurality of amino groups, when the branched polyethyleneimine permeates into the pore canal of the saturated wooden cultural relics, the amino groups in the branched polyethyleneimine form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups, ether bonds and the like in the saturated wooden cultural relics, so that the pore canal of the saturated wooden cultural relics is supported, and the internal structure of the saturated wooden cultural relics is reinforced.
Spraying 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether on the surface of the saturated wooden relics, wherein primary ammonia in a branched polyethyleneimine structure and a ternary ring in the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether structure can undergo nucleophilic reaction, so that a network structure formed by crosslinking on the surface of the saturated wooden relics is formed, and the dimensional stability of the saturated wooden relics is improved.
Therefore, the inside and the surface of the saturated wooden relics are effectively reinforced, and the mechanical properties of the saturated wooden relics can be effectively ensured.
2. The method for processing the saturated wooden cultural relics by adopting the dehydration shaping method does not need any equipment, has simple operation environment requirements and simple operation, can effectively reduce the operation difficulty of cultural relics protection staff, improves the working efficiency, has universality and is convenient to popularize and apply.
Drawings
FIG. 1-macroscopic view of a sample of naturally dried saturated water wood product obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2-SEM image of naturally dried saturated wood pieces obtained in example 1.
FIG. 3-macroscopic view of the reinforced saturated water wood piece sample obtained in example 2.
FIG. 4-SEM image of reinforced saturated water wood pieces obtained in example 2.
FIG. 5-macroscopic view of the reinforced saturated water wood piece sample obtained in example 3.
FIG. 6-SEM image of a reinforced saturated water wood member obtained in example 3.
Figure 7-XRD pattern of naturally dried saturated water wood pieces obtained in example 1.
Figure 8-XRD pattern of reinforced saturated water wood piece samples obtained in example 3.
FIG. 9-graph of mechanical properties test results.
Detailed Description
The dehydration shaping method of the saturated wooden cultural relics specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine in water to prepare 10-60% branched polyethylenimine water solution;
(2) Soaking the saturated wooden relics in the branched polyethyleneimine water solution until the branched polyethyleneimine permeates into the saturated wooden relics;
(3) Taking out the saturated wooden relics, and removing redundant branched polyethyleneimine on the surfaces of the saturated wooden relics;
(4) Spraying 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether with the mass concentration of 1-5% on the surface of the saturated wooden cultural relics for multiple times, then wrapping the saturated wooden cultural relics by using a perforated plastic film, and naturally drying in the shade to enable the saturated wooden cultural relics to reach constant weight, thereby completing the dehydration and shaping of the saturated wooden cultural relics.
The branched polyethyleneimine has a plurality of active sites and contains a plurality of amino groups, when the branched polyethyleneimine permeates into the pore canal of the saturated wooden cultural relics, the amino groups in the branched polyethyleneimine form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups, ether bonds and the like in the saturated wooden cultural relics, and the pore canal of the saturated wooden cultural relics is supported, so that the internal structure of the saturated wooden cultural relics is reinforced. Spraying 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether on the surface of the saturated wooden relics, wherein primary ammonia in a branched polyethyleneimine structure and a ternary ring in the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether structure can undergo nucleophilic reaction, so that a network structure formed by crosslinking on the surface of the saturated wooden relics is formed, and the dimensional stability of the saturated wooden relics is improved. Therefore, the inside and the surface of the saturated wooden relics are effectively reinforced, and the mechanical properties of the saturated wooden relics can be effectively ensured.
The mass concentration of the branched polyethyleneimine and the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether needs to be controlled within a reasonable range, the mass concentration of the branched polyethyleneimine is too low, the amount of the branched polyethyleneimine entering the saturated wooden relics is insufficient, the supporting of the pore canal of the saturated wooden relics cannot be realized, the shrinkage rate is high after drying, and the shaping purpose cannot be achieved; on the contrary, the mass concentration of the branched polyethyleneimine is too large, so that the permeation effect can be influenced, and more importantly, the branched polyethyleneimine enables the internal structure of the saturated wooden relics to be relatively strong, and expansion stress is generated in the saturated wooden relics, so that the shaping effect on the saturated wooden relics is poor. The mass concentration of the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is too low, and the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and the branched polyethyleneimine cannot form a crosslinked net-shaped shell structure on the surface of the saturated wooden relics, so that the saturated wooden relics collapse and twist during natural drying; the mass concentration of the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is too high, so that the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and the branched polyethyleneimine form a compact crosslinked protective film on the surface of the saturated wooden relics, and the generated stress is too high, so that the saturated wooden relics deform.
In specific implementation, the molecular weight of the branched polyethyleneimine is 600-1200.
The branched polyethyleneimine has low molecular weight and good permeability, can effectively permeate into the interior of the saturated wooden cultural relics, and can effectively shorten the dehydration setting time of the saturated wooden cultural relics.
Optimally, the mass concentration of the branched polyethyleneimine water solution is 10-30%.
Through researches, the mass concentration of the branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution is limited to 10-30%, so that saturated wooden cultural relics with different saturation rates can be treated, the dehydration shaping method has universality, the operation difficulty of cultural relics protection staff is reduced, and the improvement of the working efficiency is facilitated.
In the specific implementation, in the step (2), the saturated wooden relics are soaked into the branched polyethyleneimine water solution until the density of the branched polyethyleneimine water solution is not changed any more, at the moment, the soaked branched polyethyleneimine water solution is replaced by a new branched polyethyleneimine water solution, the permeation process is continued, and the steps are repeated until the difference between the density of the branched polyethyleneimine water solution soaked by the saturated wooden relics and the density of the new branched polyethyleneimine water solution is not higher than 10%.
Ensures that the branched polyethyleneimine effectively permeates into the saturated wooden cultural relics, and ensures that the branched polyethyleneimine reaches osmotic balance. The new aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine is the aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine which is just prepared without soaking the saturated wooden relics.
In the specific implementation, in the step (3), qualitative filter paper is adopted to remove the branched polyethyleneimine on the surface of the saturated wooden cultural relics.
In the specific implementation, in the step (4), when spraying 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, the spraying is carried out for 1 to 10 times in total according to the actual application scene, and each time is 5 to 20 hours.
Here, the specific spraying times are determined according to the decay degree of the saturated cultural relics, the stable shell structure is realized by increasing the spraying times for the saturated cultural relics with serious decay, and the spraying times for the saturated cultural relics with better preservation conditions can be reduced.
In specific implementation, the mass concentration of the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is 3-5%.
Through researches, the mass concentration of the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is limited to 3-5%, so that saturated wooden cultural relics with different saturated water rates can be treated, the dehydration shaping method has universality, the operation difficulty of cultural relics workers is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
In the specific implementation, in the step (4), the temperature is not higher than 25 ℃ when the natural shade is dried.
Naturally drying in the shade, namely naturally drying in places without direct sunlight.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
Taking an ancient saturated water wood piece sample with the length and the width of about 3cm and the height of 2cm and 1cm, wrapping the saturated water wood piece sample by a perforated plastic film, and then placing the saturated water wood piece sample in a shade place for drying in the shade until the saturated water wood piece sample has constant weight.
Example 2
10g of a branched polyethyleneimine having a molecular weight of 600 was dissolved in 90g of water to prepare a 10wt% aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine, and the density thereof was measured. Immersing ancient saturated water wood piece samples with the length and the width of about 3cm and the height of 2cm and 1cm in the prepared branched polyethyleneimine water solution, testing the density of the soaking solution every 3 days, and preparing the branched polyethyleneimine water solution according to the concentration of the branched polyethyleneimine water solution to repeatedly soak the saturated water wood piece samples when the density value is reduced by more than 10 percent. The above process is repeated until the density of the soaking liquid is reduced by not more than 10% of the density of the original preparation solution.
And taking out the saturated wood sample after the difference between the density of the branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution after the saturated wood sample is soaked and the density of the branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution of the unsaturated saturated wood sample is not higher than 10%, and slightly wiping off residual branched polyethyleneimine on the surface of the saturated wood sample by using qualitative filter paper.
Wrapping the saturated water wood sample by using a perforated plastic film, and then placing the saturated water wood sample in a shade place for drying in the shade until the weight of the saturated water wood sample is constant.
Example 3
10g of a branched polyethyleneimine having a molecular weight of 600 was dissolved in 90g of water to prepare a 10wt% aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine, and the density thereof was measured. Immersing ancient saturated water wood piece samples with the length and the width of about 3cm and the height of 2cm and 1cm in the prepared branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, testing the density of the soaking solution every 3 days, and preparing the branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution according to the concentration of the branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution to repeatedly soak the saturated water wood samples when the density value is reduced by more than 10 percent. The above process is repeated until the density of the soaking liquid is reduced by not more than 10% of the density of the original preparation solution.
And taking out the saturated wood sample after the difference between the density of the branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution after the saturated wood sample is soaked and the density of the branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution of the non-soaked saturated wood sample is not higher than 10%, and slightly wiping off residual polyethyleneimine on the surface of the saturated wood sample by using qualitative filter paper.
3g of 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is taken and dissolved in 97g of water to prepare 3wt% of 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether aqueous solution, 3wt% of 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is sprayed on a saturated wood sample by using a spray can, and the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether solution is sprayed twice a day, wherein each spraying interval is 5 hours, and the spraying is continued for 3 days.
Taking out the saturated water wood sample subjected to the spraying treatment of the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, wrapping the saturated water wood sample by a perforated plastic film, and then placing the saturated water wood sample in a shade place for drying in the shade until the saturated water wood sample has constant weight.
Example 4
This example is different from example 3 in that the mass concentration of the aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine is 30%.
Example 5
This example is different from example 3 in that the mass concentration of the aqueous solution of the branched polyethyleneimine is 60%.
Example 6
This example is different from example 3 in that the mass concentration of 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is 1%.
Example 7
This example is different from example 3 in that the mass concentration of 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is 5%.
1. In the embodiment 1, a natural drying method is adopted, and a macroscopic view and an SEM (scanning electron microscope) view of a water-saturated wood piece sample obtained after natural drying are respectively shown in fig. 1 and 2; in the embodiment 2, the water-saturated wood piece sample obtained by reinforcing the branched polyethyleneimine water solution and drying is shown in the macroscopic view and the SEM view respectively in the figures 3 and 4; example 3A water saturated wood piece sample obtained by reinforcing a branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution and 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and drying is shown in a macroscopic view and an SEM (scanning electron microscope) graph in fig. 5 and 6 respectively.
As can be seen from comparative analysis of examples 1, 2 and 3, if the saturated wood piece sample is not subjected to any treatment and then is directly and naturally dried, the fibrous duct inside the saturated wood piece sample will undergo severe collapse and random shrinkage curling, as shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 4, if the sample of the saturated wood member is soaked in the branched polyethyleneimine solution (10 wt%) for 7d, since the branched polyethyleneimine plays a role of filling and supporting in the sample of the saturated wood member, the drying shrinkage and collapse of the sample of the saturated wood member are hindered to a certain extent after drying, and the fiber duct is supported to a certain extent so that collapse does not occur. As shown in fig. 6, if the saturated wood piece sample is soaked in the branched polyethyleneimine solution (10wt%) for 7d, then the saturated wood piece sample is sprayed with the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether solution (3wt%) for 6 times in three days, and each time interval is 8 h), the branched polyethyleneimine and the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether are crosslinked in the saturated wood piece sample to form a compact shell structure, and under the stretching effect of the shell structure formed by the internal filling support of the branched polyethyleneimine and the crosslinking of the external surfaces of the branched polyethyleneimine and the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, after the saturated wood piece sample is dried, the collapse and the curling of fiber pore channels in the saturated wood piece sample are effectively prevented, so that a good protection effect is achieved.
2. The XRD pattern of the naturally dried saturated water wood piece sample obtained in example 1 is shown in fig. 7, the XRD pattern of the reinforced saturated water wood piece sample obtained in example 3 is shown in fig. 8, and it is known from comparison of fig. 7 and fig. 8 that the XRD characteristic peak of the saturated water wood piece sample is not substantially shifted after the dual treatment of the branched polyethylenimine and the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, and the peak intensity is significantly increased, so that the internal structural regularity of the saturated water wood piece sample after the treatment of the branched polyethylenimine and the 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is improved, and the mechanical properties are improved.
3. The water-saturated wood piece samples treated in examples 1 to 7 were measured, and the shrinkage and mass loss rates of the longitudinal and radial chords of the water-saturated wood piece samples in each example are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 shrinkage and Mass loss Rate of Water saturated wooden piece samples after treatment of examples 1-7
Referring to table 1, it was found by comparison that when the water-saturated wooden piece sample was subjected to dehydration protection using both branched polyethyleneimine and 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, the shrinkage rate in each aspect was minimum, and the appearance shape of the water-saturated wooden piece sample at the time of unearthing could be maintained to the greatest extent.
4. As shown in fig. 9, the mechanical properties of the saturated wooden relics are tested, and it is clear from fig. 9 that the addition of the branched polyethyleneimine molecules to the impregnated wood matrix increases the mass density thereof, and forms weak crosslinks in the wood matrix, thereby improving the rigidity and the load-bearing capacity thereof to some extent (fig. 9B, 9C, 9E and 9F). Furthermore, the branched polyethylenimine treated samples exhibited a significant improvement in toughness over the other groups when compressed in the machine direction, possibly due to the high elasticity of the weakly crosslinked porous wood matrix (fig. 9G). In contrast, the branched polyethyleneimine/1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether treated samples exhibited further improved elastic and compressive moduli due to the formation of densely crosslinked shells around the weakly crosslinked interior. However, the structure with high surface cross-linking degree and low internal cross-linking degree (polyethyleneimine/1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether experimental group) does not appear to show significant advantage in terms of mechanical buffering capacity compared to the loosely cross-linked structure (polyethyleneimine experimental group), but the energy dissipation value of the branched Polyethyleneimine (PEI), 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) treated sample at the first break is still several times higher than the original sample (fig. 9G). It is therefore known that the branched polyethyleneimine/1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether treated sample has higher strength, rigidity and mechanical buffering capacity at the same time, and thus can prevent shrinkage and collapse of the wet wood matrix during drying.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are only illustrative of the present invention and are not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. Obvious changes and modifications which are extended by the technical proposal of the invention are still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The dehydration shaping method of the saturated wooden cultural relics is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Dissolving branched polyethyleneimine with molecular weight of 600-1200 in water to prepare a branched polyethyleneimine aqueous solution with mass concentration of 10-30%;
(2) Soaking the saturated wooden relics in the branched polyethyleneimine water solution until the branched polyethyleneimine permeates into the saturated wooden relics;
(3) Taking out the saturated wooden relics, and removing redundant branched polyethyleneimine on the surfaces of the saturated wooden relics;
(4) Spraying 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether with the mass concentration of 3-5% on the surface of the saturated wooden cultural relics for multiple times, then wrapping the saturated wooden cultural relics by using a perforated plastic film, and naturally drying in the shade to enable the saturated wooden cultural relics to reach constant weight, thereby completing the dehydration and shaping of the saturated wooden cultural relics.
2. The method for dehydrating and shaping a saturated wooden relic according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the saturated wooden relic is soaked in the aqueous solution of the branched polyethylenimine until the density of the aqueous solution of the branched polyethylenimine is not changed any more, at this time, the soaked aqueous solution of the branched polyethylenimine is replaced by a new aqueous solution of the branched polyethylenimine, and the infiltration process is continued, and the process is repeated until the difference between the density of the aqueous solution of the branched polyethylenimine after the soaking of the saturated wooden relic and the density of the new aqueous solution of the branched polyethylenimine is not more than 10%.
3. The method for dehydrating and shaping the saturated wooden cultural relics according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), qualitative filter paper is adopted to remove branched polyethyleneimine on the surface of the saturated wooden cultural relics.
4. The method for dehydrating and shaping the saturated wooden cultural relics according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether is sprayed for 1-10 times in total according to actual application scenes, and each time is 5-20 hours apart.
5. The method for dehydrating and shaping a saturated wooden cultural relic according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the temperature is not higher than 25 ℃ when naturally drying in the shade.
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