CN115531481A - 一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的组合物、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的组合物、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的组合物、制备方法及应用，属于禽病防治技术领域。本发明治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物包括地锦草、诃子、白术、大青叶、大蒜和甘草。本发明针对红毛鸡鸡白痢拉白痢和呼吸困难的病型，提供了一种中药组合物，以地锦草和诃子为君，清热止泻，敛肺止咳，以大青叶、大蒜为臣，增强君药的清热解毒作用，白术为佐，补气健脾，燥湿利水，甘草为使，调和诸药。本发明配方合理，通过君臣佐使药联用产生协同作用，对红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌具有明显的抑制作用，减少拉白痢和呼吸困难症状，降低红毛鸡白痢发病率，提升成活率，且能提升红毛鸡肉质，提升其药效及保健功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于禽病防治技术领域，尤其涉及一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的组合物、制备方法及应用。
背景技术
红毛鸡，学名褐翅鸦鹃，属鹃形目杜鹃科鸦鹃属，红毛鸡是俗名，药用时为去除羽毛和内脏的全体。《广西中药志》记载，“味甘，性温无毒。妇科用以调经，补血。外用治跌打、风湿”，可直接炖服或浸酒食用。
红毛鸡疾病主要可以分为寄生虫病和传染病两类，其中传染病分为病毒传染和细菌传染两种，病原体进入动物体内，就会通过空气、水等介质在群体中快速传播，给红毛鸡养殖业带来严重后果。尤其鸡白痢为红毛鸡养殖过程中常发生的传染性疾病。
鸡白痢病原体为鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌，鸡群密度过大，通风与卫生不良，采食与饮水不足等都会促进发病和增加死亡。从中兽医角度，该病主要由伏邪或热邪引起，湿热之邪注入下焦，引起气积阻滞，升降失常而致泻痢，拉白痢和呼吸困难是其主要病型。当前阶段，养殖户通过以抗菌药物治疗鸡白痢，常见的有氨苄青霉素、复方磺胺、甲氧氨苄嘧啶、链霉素、四环素等，但随着用药时间的推进和用药量的增加，使得病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药性不断提高。对于预防或治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物，虽有研究但数量较少，在现有阶段未得到普遍应用，尤其未涉及在红毛鸡人工养殖过程中的应用。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物，有效预防和治疗鸡白痢的发生，尤其适用于红毛鸡，保证了红毛鸡的药效品质。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：
一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物，包括以下组分：地锦草、诃子、白术、大青叶、大蒜和甘草。
优选的是，按质量份包括以下组分：地锦草40-50份，诃子40-50份、白术20-30份、大青叶20-30份、大蒜15-25份和甘草5-15份。
优选的是，按质量份由以下组分组成：地锦草45份，诃子45份、白术25份、大青叶25份、大蒜20份和甘草10份。
本发明还提供了上述中药组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将地锦草、诃子、白术、大青叶和甘草洗净，烘干，混合粉碎成粉末；将大蒜打成蒜泥，加水稀释成大蒜汁；将大蒜汁与粉末混合，得到所述中药组合物。
优选的是，所述粉末粒径为60-100目。
优选的是，所述加水量为蒜泥体积的4-6倍。
本发明还提供了上述中药组合物在制备红毛鸡全价饲料中的应用。
优选的是，所述中药组合物添加量为全价饲料质量的2-8％。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明提供了一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物，对红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌具有较好的抑制作用，能够有效预防或治疗红毛鸡白痢，降低了发病率，提升了红毛鸡的成活率。
本发明作为中药组合物全部为中药原料，安全性高，对红毛鸡不会产生药害作用，红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌也不会产生抗药性。本发明中药组合物可直接作为饲料添加剂添加到红毛鸡全价饲料中，喂养方便。
通过在红毛鸡饲养过程中投喂本发明中药组合物，除有效降低红毛鸡白痢发病率外，还能够提升红毛鸡的肉质，保证其药性和保健功能。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物，包括以下组分：地锦草、诃子、白术、大青叶、大蒜和甘草；优选的是，按质量份包括以下组分：地锦草40-50份，诃子40-50份、白术20-30份、大青叶20-30份、大蒜15-25份和甘草5-15份；更优选的是，按质量份由以下组分组成：地锦草45份，诃子45份、白术25份、大青叶25份、大蒜20份和甘草10份。
地锦草：清热解毒，凉血止血，利湿退黄。现有研究表明，地锦草主要含黄酮类，如槲皮素及其单糖苷、异槲皮苷、黄芪苷等；香豆素类，有东莨菪素、伞形花内酯、泽兰内酯；有机酸类，有没食子酸及棕榈酸等，尚含有肌醇及鞣质等。地锦草鲜汁、水煎剂以及水煎浓缩乙醇提取物等体外实验均有抗病原微生物作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、白喉杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌、肠炎杆菌等多种致病性球菌及杆菌有明显抑菌作用；同时具有中和毒素作用。
诃子：涩肠止泻，敛肺止咳，利咽开音。现有研究表明，诃子含大量鞣质(可达20％-40％)，其主要成分为诃子酸、原诃子酸等，尚含诃子素、鞣酸酶、番泻苷A等。具有抗病原微生物作用，且对消化系统有影响，还有一定的解痉、收敛、抗氧化作用。
白术：补气健脾，燥湿利水。现有研究表明，白术含挥发油，油中主要成分为苍术酮，白术内酯A、B及糖类(主要为甘露糖、果糖)等。白术内酯I具有增强唾液淀粉酶活性、促进营养物质吸收、调节胃肠道功能的作用。
大青叶：清热解毒，凉血消斑。现有研究表明，大青叶含色氨酸、靛玉红B、葡萄糖芸苔素、新葡萄糖芸苔素、葡萄糖芸苔素-1-磺酸盐及靛蓝。对禽类病原菌及病毒均具有抑制作用。
大蒜：解毒消肿，杀虫，止痢，行气消滞。现有研究表明，大蒜具有挥发性成分、硫代亚磺酸酯类、S-烷(烯)-L-半胱氨酸衍生物、γ-谷氨酸多肽、甙类、硫甙、多糖、脂类、酶以及其他化学成分。具有抗病菌和病毒的作用：大蒜对多种细菌，如化脓性球菌、结核杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杄菌、副伤寒杄菌，以及青、链、氯、金霉素耐药的细菌、真菌、痢疾阿米巴原虫、等均有较强的杀灭、抑制作用。
甘草：益气补中，润肺止咳，清热解毒，缓急止痛，调和药性。现有研究表明，甘草具有抗病原微生物作用，且对消化系统具有影响，还具有解毒作用。
本发明针对红毛鸡白痢病因病机，尤其针对拉白痢和呼吸困难的病型，提供了一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物，由地锦草、诃子、白术、大青叶、大蒜和甘草组成。本发明中药组合物，以地锦草、诃子为君药，两药联用，清热止泻，敛肺止咳，对于红毛鸡病鸡拉白痢和呼吸困难的症状具有明显缓解作用；大青叶、大蒜为臣药，增强了君药的清热解毒作用，且对鸡白痢沙门氏菌具有明显的抑制作用；白术为佐药，补气健脾，燥湿利水，调节病鸡肠道功能，利于病鸡对药效成分及常规饲料养分的吸收，提升病鸡体质；甘草为使药，调和诸药，且能提升病鸡的免疫力。本发明配方合理，通过君臣佐使药联用产生协同作用，对红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌具有明显的抑制作用，且对病鸡的消化系统和呼吸系统具有较好的调节功能，减少拉白痢和呼吸困难症状，降低红毛鸡白痢发病率，提升成活率。
本发明还提供了上述中药组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将地锦草、诃子、白术、大青叶和甘草洗净，烘干，混合粉碎成粉末；将大蒜打成蒜泥，加水稀释成大蒜汁；将大蒜汁与粉末混合，得到所述中药组合物。
本发明优选粉末粒径为60-100目；进一步优选80目。优选加水量为蒜泥体积的4-6倍；进一步优选5倍。本发明对烘干没有特殊限定，采用本领域常用烘干手段即可，包括但不限于晒干、烘干机烘干。
本发明还提供了上述中药组合物在制备红毛鸡全价饲料中的应用；优选中药组合物添加量为全价饲料质量的2-8％；更优选5％。
本发明针对红毛鸡进行饲养治疗，不仅能够降低或避免红毛鸡白痢的发生，还能提升红毛鸡肉质，保证其药效。
若无特殊说明，本发明所使用的原料、仪器、试剂均可通过商业途径获得。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物，由以下质量份组分组成：地锦草45份，诃子45份、白术25份、大青叶25份、大蒜20份和甘草10份；
制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按质量份称取地锦草，诃子、白术、大青叶、大蒜和甘草；
(2)将地锦草，诃子、白术、大青叶和甘草用清水洗净，晾干，粉碎至粒径80目；
(3)将大蒜打成蒜泥，加入5倍体积的水，得到大蒜汁；
(4)将大蒜汁与药物粉末混合，得到治疗鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别在于，由以下质量份组分组成：地锦草40份，诃子40份、白术20份、大青叶20份、大蒜15份和甘草5份。
实施例3
与实施例1的区别在于，由以下质量份组分组成：地锦草50份，诃子50份、白术30份、大青叶30份、大蒜25份和甘草15份。
实施例4
与实施例1的区别在于，粉碎粒径为60目。
实施例5
与实施例1的区别在于，大蒜打成蒜泥，加入6倍体积的水，得到大蒜汁。
实施例6
与实施例2的区别在于，粉碎粒径为100目。
实施例7
与实施例3的区别在于，大蒜打成蒜泥，加入4倍体积的水，得到大蒜汁。
实施例8
市售蛋白20％全价颗粒饲料，添加5％实施例1中药组合物。
实施例9
市售蛋白20％全价颗粒饲料，添加8％实施例1中药组合物。
实施例10
本发明中药组合物对红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌的抑制作用
采用牛津杯法测定本发明药组合物对红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌的抑制作用。
取无污染的营养琼脂培养基，分成实施例1-3组，每组3个重复，用棉签将浓度为1×107CFU/mL的红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌菌液均匀地涂抹在培养基的表面，再在培养基表面直接垂直放上3个牛津杯(内径6mm)，轻轻加压，使牛津杯与培养基无空隙接触，在牛津杯中加入实施例1-3中药组合物0.25g，然后37℃培养24h，根据抑菌圈大小判断本发明中药组合物的抑菌效果。如表1所示。
表1本发明中药组合物对红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌的抑制效果
| 处理 | 抑菌圈直径mm |
| 实施例1 | 26.71mm |
| 实施例2 | 25.42mm |
| 实施例3 | 26.01mm |
根据表1可以看出，本发明中药组合物对于红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌具有明显的抑制作用。
实施例11
本发明中药组合物对红毛鸡鸡白痢的防治作用
试验设计
选用4组育雏红毛鸡A-D组，每组1000只育雏红毛鸡，完全隔离饲养，1-10d龄，30只/m2；10-60d龄，20只/m2；60d-育成红毛鸡，10只/m2。饲喂市售蛋白20％全价饲料，自由采食，正常供水。
A组仅饲喂全价饲料。
B组在第7日龄开始，在A组全价饲料中添加5％本发明中药组合物(地锦草45份，诃子45份、白术25份、大青叶25份、大蒜20份和甘草10份)的基础上，进行等量饲喂，连续喂养7天。
C组在第7日龄开始，在A组全价饲料中添加5％“白痢康”中药制剂(石榴皮、诃子、地榆等)的基础上，进行等量饲喂，连续喂养7天。
D组在第7日龄开始，在A组全价饲料中添加5％“泻痢康”中药制剂(黄连、黄柏、黄芩，白头翁等)的基础上，进行等量饲喂，连续喂养7天。
鸡白痢诊断标准：鸡群精神不振、聚堆、鸡翅下垂，拉白色稀粪、糊肛等症状。
在第21日龄，对各组鸡白痢患病量进行统计，计算患病率。如表2所示。
表2不同中药组合物对红毛鸡鸡白痢的防治效果
| 组分 | 患病率％ |
| A | 27.8％ |
| B | 1.2％ |
| C | 3.6％ |
| D | 4.4％ |
根据表2可以看出，本发明中药组合物及现有的中药制剂“白痢康”、“泻痢康”对红毛鸡鸡白痢均有明显的防治作用。而本发明中药组合物对红毛鸡鸡白痢的防治效果更好，在鸡群中仅有零星几只出现鸡白痢症状。
实施例12
本发明中药组合物对红毛鸡肉质的影响
在实施例11的基础上育成红毛鸡，分别在A和B两组中随机抽取10只红毛鸡(均为健康成鸡)，除去毛和内脏后得全体，50℃烘干后，粉碎至100目，测定红毛鸡中的灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量。结果如表3所示。
灰分测定：灼烧法；粗蛋白测定：凯氏定氮法；粗脂肪测定：索氏提取法；氨基酸测定：氨基酸分析仪检测。
表3本发明中药组合物对红毛鸡肉质的影响
根据表3可以看出，利用本发明中药组合物作为添加剂添加到红毛鸡全价饲料中进行喂养，除明显降低红毛鸡鸡白痢发病率外，还能提升红毛鸡肉质。灰分含量高代表元素含量更高；红毛鸡的高蛋白含量是其具有良好保健作用的基础，本发明中药组合物能够明显提升红毛鸡蛋白质含量；红毛鸡中氨基酸亦是作为中药材料的有效成分，本发明中药组合物饲喂红毛鸡后，红毛鸡总氨基酸含量更高，具有更好的保健作用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗红毛鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的中药组合物，其特征在于，包括以下组分：地锦草、诃子、白术、大青叶、大蒜和甘草。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，按质量份包括以下组分：地锦草40-50份，诃子40-50份、白术20-30份、大青叶20-30份、大蒜15-25份和甘草5-15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，按质量份由以下组分组成：地锦草45份，诃子45份、白术25份、大青叶25份、大蒜20份和甘草10份。
4.权利要求1-3任意一项所述中药组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将地锦草、诃子、白术、大青叶和甘草洗净，烘干，混合粉碎成粉末；将大蒜打成蒜泥，加水稀释成大蒜汁；将大蒜汁与粉末混合，得到所述中药组合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述粉末粒径为60-100目。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述加水量为蒜泥体积的4-6倍。
7.权利要求1-3任意一项所述中药组合物在制备红毛鸡全价饲料中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述中药组合物添加量为全价饲料质量的2-8％。
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