CN115530033B - 土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻防治稻瘟病的栽培技术 - Google Patents
土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻防治稻瘟病的栽培技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻防治稻瘟病的栽培技术，包括以下步骤：S1：每铺一层15‑20cm厚的发酵原料就撒一层土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂，然后重复上述操作，得到2‑3m高的发酵堆垛，发酵堆垛在遮盖防雨的条件下进行好氧发酵15‑20天，当发酵堆垛的发酵温度升到50‑60℃以上后立即进行翻堆2‑3次，直到发酵堆垛的含水量下降到30％以下后，得到发酵有机肥，待用。本栽培技术不仅可以保持土壤微生态的平衡和防治病虫害，而且其栽培出的水稻颗粒饱满和产量高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水稻防治稻瘟病栽培技术领域，尤其涉及一种土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻防治稻瘟病的栽培技术。
背景技术
由于从70年代以来，中国大量在农业上使用化肥、农药，使生态环境受到破坏，土壤有益微生物不断减少，有害微生物不断增大繁殖，使土壤微生态失去平衡，植物病虫害发生率逐年增大，造成产量不断下降，农产品农残超标成大幅度上升，基于这一现状我们提出了一种土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻防治稻瘟病的栽培技术。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻防治稻瘟病的栽培技术。
本发明提出的土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻防治稻瘟病的栽培技术，包括以下步骤：
S1：每铺一层15-20cm厚的发酵原料就撒一层土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂，然后重复上述操作，得到2-3m高的发酵堆垛，发酵堆垛在遮盖防雨的条件下进行好氧发酵15-20天，当发酵堆垛的发酵温度升到50-60℃以上后立即进行翻堆2-3次，直到发酵堆垛的含水量下降到30％以下后，得到发酵有机肥，待用；
S2：将1份土著益生菌种植酵素和30份水进行配兑成水溶液，把稻谷进行淹没在水溶液中进行浸泡22-25h，给稻谷进行消毒，然后将浸泡后的稻谷进行放在20℃以上的环境下进行催芽，当稻谷三分之一漏芽即可，得到谷种，待用；
S3：挑选土壤肥沃、排灌良好和背风向阳的育苗地块，在育苗地块上进行做出苗床，在做好的苗床的每平方米上撒S1中0.5-1公斤的发酵有机肥，然后在撒好的发酵有机肥表面进行盖上2-3cm的薄土；
S4：用1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液进行喷洒苗床的薄土，土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液用于对苗床生物消毒，然后撒上浸泡刚发芽的谷种，并进行覆盖上2-3cm的薄土，覆土后再用1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液进行喷洒一次；
S5：当S4中的谷种出苗3-5cm后用1：100的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液喷洒一次，用于促进谷种幼苗的生长，提高对稻瘟病的防治效果；
S6：谷种在长到10-15cm后，得到秧苗，将秧苗移栽到种植田内，秧苗在移栽7-10天内用1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液进行喷洒一次，用促秧苗进苗期返青快、苗茂盛，叶片角质膜增厚，提高抗病虫害能力强；
S7：S6中的秧苗在扬花期和灌浆期各喷洒一次1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液，增加水稻的穗粒数，颗粒饱满，增加单位面积的产量，提高米的品质。
优选地，所述S1中，土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂是由从没有受过化肥和农药污染的森林土壤中提取的有益活性菌群经分离提纯制作成优良菌种,然后经几十种水果蔬菜发酵制作而成。
优选地，所述S1中，土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂中含有乳酸菌、酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、放线菌、木霉菌和根瘤菌等有益活性菌群，其还含有蛋白酶、有机酸，氨基酸，动植物提取的氮、磷、钾、钙等元素。
优选地，所述S1中，发酵原料由谷糠、农作物秸秆、锯末面、酒渣、食用菌残渣、杂草树叶、食物残渣和人畜禽粪便组成，发酵原料的含水量控制在50-60％。
优选地，所述S3中，苗床的要求是宽1.5-1.8m、长10-15m和高8-10cm。
优选地，所述S6中，种植田上预先每亩进行施150-500公斤的发酵有机肥，相邻的两个秧苗的株行距15cm×30cm。
与现有的技术相比，本栽培技术不仅可以保持土壤微生态的平衡和防治病虫害，而且其栽培出的水稻颗粒饱满和产量高。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解说。
实施例
本实施例提出了土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻防治稻瘟病的栽培技术，包括以下步骤：
S1：每铺一层15-20cm厚的发酵原料就撒一层土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂，其中土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂是由从没有受过化肥和农药污染的森林土壤中提取的有益活性菌群经分离提纯制作成优良菌种,然后经几十种水果蔬菜发酵制作而成，土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂中含有乳酸菌、酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、放线菌、木霉菌和根瘤菌等有益活性菌群，其还含有蛋白酶、有机酸，氨基酸，动植物提取的氮、磷、钾、钙等元素，发酵原料由谷糠、农作物秸秆、锯末面、酒渣、食用菌残渣、杂草树叶、食物残渣和人畜禽粪便组成，发酵原料的含水量控制在50-60％，然后重复上述操作，得到2-3m高的发酵堆垛，发酵堆垛在遮盖防雨的条件下进行好氧发酵15-20天，当发酵堆垛的发酵温度升到50-60℃以上后立即进行翻堆2-3次，直到发酵堆垛的含水量下降到30％以下后，得到发酵有机肥，待用；
S2：将1份土著益生菌种植酵素和30份水进行配兑成水溶液，把稻谷进行淹没在水溶液中进行浸泡22-25h，给稻谷进行消毒，然后将浸泡后的稻谷进行放在20℃以上的环境下进行催芽，当稻谷三分之一漏芽即可，得到谷种，待用；
S3：挑选土壤肥沃、排灌良好和背风向阳的育苗地块，在育苗地块上进行做出苗床，苗床的要求是宽1.5-1.8m、长10-15m和高8-10cm，在做好的苗床的每平方米上撒S1中0.5-1公斤的发酵有机肥，然后在撒好的发酵有机肥表面进行盖上2-3cm的薄土；
S4：用1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液进行喷洒苗床的薄土，土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液用于对苗床生物消毒，然后撒上浸泡刚发芽的谷种，并进行覆盖上2-3cm的薄土，覆土后再用1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液进行喷洒一次；
S5：当S4中的谷种出苗3-5cm后用1：100的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液喷洒一次，用于促进谷种幼苗的生长，提高对稻瘟病的防治效果；
S6：谷种在长到10-15cm后，得到秧苗，将秧苗移栽到种植田内，其中种植田上预先每亩进行施150-500公斤的发酵有机肥，相邻的两个秧苗的株行距15cm×30cm，秧苗在移栽7-10天内用1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液进行喷洒一次，用促秧苗进苗期返青快、苗茂盛，叶片角质膜增厚，提高抗病虫害能力强；
S7：S6中的秧苗在扬花期和灌浆期各喷洒一次1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液，增加水稻的穗粒数，颗粒饱满，增加单位面积的产量，提高米的品质。
一种土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻与普通化肥农药及农家肥种植水稻的对比：
(1)使用土著益生菌种植酵素按以上种植说明方法种植的水稻，根系发达，茎秆粗壮，枝叶茂盛，叶片角质膜厚实，增强水稻的抗病虫害能力，连续实验3年以来用土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻对稻瘟病发生率为零，对稻瘟病防治率达100％，稻飞虱防治率85％，稻螟虫防治率达95％，经检测农残为零，达到国家有机标准，米质好，煮饭香糯可口；
(2)普通化肥农药、农家肥种植的水稻，由于使用化肥农药对土壤有益微生物杀伤力大，使部分抗性强的有害病原菌和虫卵增大繁殖，使微生态失去平衡，造成病虫害发生率逐年增大；
(3)没有经过土著益生菌种植酵素发酵的农家肥施入水田，有害病原菌和虫卵大量在土壤中繁殖，造成水田和地下水污染，给生态环境带来极大的污染，同时增加田间病虫害的发生率。
一种土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻与化肥、农家肥种植水稻的病虫害发生率对比，其对比数据入表1所示：
表1
备注：使用土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻病虫害发生率逐年下降，如水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病、白粉病使用土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻第二年发生率为0，稻螟虫发生率为0，稻飞虱第二年发生率为20％，粘虫发生率15％，使用土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻的第三年稻瘟病、纹枯病、白粉病，稻螟虫、粘虫发生率为0，稻飞虱发生率10％；
通过表1可以看出土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻的病虫害发生率比化肥种植、农家肥种植的少，对稻瘟病防治效果特别显著。
一种土著益生菌种植酵素和普通化肥农药、农家肥种植水稻长势对比，其对比数据如表2所示：
表2
以上列表数据显示在同一个地块用土著益生菌种植酵素种植的水稻的分蘖数比化肥农药、农家肥种植的增多12-15，增蘖率达63％-71％；用土著益生菌种植酵素种植的水稻的穗长比化肥农药、农家肥种植的穗长多增长1.2cm-1.9cm,穗长增长率4％-8％；稻穗颗粒数增多104率-170粒，增穗颗粒率57％-58％；
通过表2可以看出土著益生菌种植酵素种植的水稻的分蘖数比普通化肥农药种植的多，用土著益生菌种植酵素种植的水稻的穗长比化肥农药种植的长，用土著益生菌种植酵素种植的水稻的结粒紧凑，稻穗颗粒数多，用化肥农药种植的水稻结粒稀少，颗粒数少。
综上表1和表2所述，使用土著益生菌种植酵素种植的水稻无论是生态效应还是经济效益都比普通种植高，值得大力推广应用。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.土著益生菌种植酵素种植水稻防治稻瘟病的栽培技术，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：S1：每铺一层15-20cm厚的发酵原料就撒一层土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂，然后重复上述操作，得到2-3m高的发酵堆垛，发酵堆垛在遮盖防雨的条件下进行好氧发酵15-20天，当发酵堆垛的发酵温度升到50-60℃以上后立即进行翻堆2-3次，直到发酵堆垛的含水量下降到30％以下后，得到发酵有机肥，待用；S2：将1份土著益生菌种植酵素和30份水进行配兑成水溶液，把稻谷进行淹没在水溶液中进行浸泡22-25h，然后将浸泡后的稻谷进行放在20℃以上的环境下进行催芽，当稻谷三分之一漏芽即可，得到谷种，待用；S3：挑选土壤肥沃、排灌良好和背风向阳的育苗地块，在育苗地块上进行做出苗床，在做好的苗床的每平方米上撒S1中0.5-1公斤的发酵有机肥，然后在撒好的发酵有机肥表面进行盖上2-3cm的薄土；S4：用1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液进行喷洒苗床的薄土，然后撒上浸泡刚发芽的谷种，并进行覆盖上2-3cm的薄土，覆土后再用1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液进行喷洒一次；S5：当S4中的谷种出苗3-5cm后用1：100的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液喷洒一次；S6：谷种在长到10-15cm后，得到秧苗，将秧苗移栽到种植田内，秧苗在移栽7-10天内用1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液进行喷洒一次；S7：S6中的秧苗在扬花期和灌浆期各喷洒一次1：50的土著益生菌种植酵素水溶液；
所述S1中，土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂是由从没有受过化肥和农药污染的森林土壤中提取的有益活性菌群经分离提纯制作成优良菌种,然后经几十种水果蔬菜发酵制作而成；
所述S1中，土著益生菌种植酵素粉剂中含有乳酸菌、酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、放线菌、木霉菌和根瘤菌有益活性菌群，其还含有蛋白酶、有机酸，氨基酸，动植物提取的氮、磷、钾、钙元素；
所述S1中，发酵原料由谷糠、农作物秸秆、锯末面、酒渣、食用菌残渣、杂草树叶、食物残渣和人畜禽粪便组成，发酵原料的含水量控制在50-60％；
所述S3中，苗床的要求是宽1.5-1.8m、长10-15m和高8-10cm；
所述S6中，种植田上预先每亩进行施150-500公斤的发酵有机肥，相邻的两个秧苗的株行距15cm×30cm。
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