CN115522105B - High-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115522105B CN115522105B CN202211320332.9A CN202211320332A CN115522105B CN 115522105 B CN115522105 B CN 115522105B CN 202211320332 A CN202211320332 A CN 202211320332A CN 115522105 B CN115522105 B CN 115522105B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910018594 Si-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910008465 Si—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/14—Making other products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
A high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of metal materials. The method solves the problem that the existing Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy has low tensile strength. Alloy: the composition is Si, cu:3.6 to 5.0 percent of Mg, single impurity, total impurity and the balance of Al. The method comprises the following steps: preparing materials according to a formula and smelting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; casting into round cast ingots, and uniformly firing after turning; cutting into sections after hot extrusion and straightening, die forging, quenching, and water cooling to room temperature to obtain the processed aluminum alloy die forging; and (5) aging treatment. The alloy obtained by the invention has high strength and lower thermal expansion coefficient, is used for the aluminum alloy piston for the automobile compressor, has high strength and longer service life, greatly improves the working condition of the compressor, reduces the maintenance cost for manufacturers, and simultaneously reduces the use cost for users. The high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy is suitable for preparing aluminum alloy pistons for automobile compressors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of passenger automobiles, a piston in a compression locomotive is used as one of key components in the locomotive, and from the viewpoint of working conditions, the alloy for manufacturing the piston has the performance characteristics of small density, small thermal expansion coefficient, good heat conduction performance, good antifriction and wear resistance performance, good mechanical performance and the like. In the past, the brand 4A11 aluminum alloy has been adopted, however, the strength of the 4A11 alloy is generally low and poor, and the service life of the piston is influenced, so that a piston capable of meeting the requirement of higher tensile strength needs to be developed.
The Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small crystallization temperature interval, small linear shrinkage coefficient, good filling capacity and small hot cracking and shrinkage porosity tendency, and is the die-casting aluminum alloy which is most widely applied at present. The Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy on the market at present is tested according to GB/T228.1-2010 standard, the tensile strength at room temperature is about 300MPa, the tensile strength at high temperature is lower, and the requirement of the existing high-end automobile on the piston performance cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low tensile strength of the existing Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy, and provides a high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
A high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10.5 to 12.5 percent of Cu:3.6 to 5.0 percent of Mg:0.3% -1.0%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
1. preparing materials according to a designed Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy formula, and adding the materials into a smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 700-750 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy melt; the formula of the Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy is as follows: the composition by mass percentage is as follows: 10.5 to 12.5 percent of Cu:3.6 to 5.0 percent of Mg:0.3% -1.0%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al;
2. casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot, removing casting oxide skin at room temperature, preserving heat for 24 hours at 495-505 ℃, discharging, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a round ingot after uniform fire;
3. extruding the round ingot subjected to the uniform fire into a bar at 450-470 ℃ to obtain a hot extruded bar, sawing the hot extruded bar into a section after straightening, performing die forging at 450-470 ℃, preserving heat for 3-3.5 h at 493-498 ℃ for quenching treatment, discharging, and cooling to room temperature by water to obtain a treated aluminum alloy die forging;
4. and (3) placing the treated aluminum alloy die forging in an aging furnace, preserving heat for 8-10 hours at 160-165 ℃ for aging treatment, discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy, and finishing the preparation method.
The invention provides a high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy has high strength and lower thermal expansion coefficient, is suitable for an aluminum alloy piston for an automobile compressor, has high strength and longer service life, greatly improves the working condition of the compressor, overcomes the defect of lower strength of the piston for the existing passenger automobile compressor, reduces the maintenance cost for manufacturers, and simultaneously reduces the use cost for users.
The high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy is suitable for preparing aluminum alloy pistons for automobile compressors.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and also includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10.5 to 12.5 percent of Cu:3.6 to 5.0 percent of Mg:0.3% -1.0%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is that a high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11.0%, cu:4.2%, mg:0.75%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al. The other is the same as in the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is that a high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11.5%, cu:3.9%, mg:0.80%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al. The other is the same as in the first embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is that a high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12.0%, cu:4.4%, mg:0.88%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al. The other is the same as in the first embodiment.
Fifth embodiment: the preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of:
1. preparing materials according to a designed Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy formula, and adding the materials into a smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 700-750 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy melt; the formula of the Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy is as follows: the composition by mass percentage is as follows: 10.5 to 12.5 percent of Cu:3.6 to 5.0 percent of Mg:0.3% -1.0%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al;
2. casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot, removing casting oxide skin at room temperature, preserving heat for 24 hours at 495-505 ℃, discharging, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a round ingot after uniform fire;
3. extruding the round ingot subjected to the uniform fire into a bar at 450-470 ℃ to obtain a hot extruded bar, sawing the hot extruded bar into a section after straightening, performing die forging at 450-470 ℃, preserving heat for 3-3.5 h at 493-498 ℃ for quenching treatment, discharging, and cooling to room temperature by water to obtain a treated aluminum alloy die forging;
4. and (3) placing the treated aluminum alloy die forging in an aging furnace, preserving heat for 8-10 hours at 160-165 ℃ for aging treatment, discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy, and finishing the preparation method.
Specific embodiment six: the fifth difference between the present embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that the melting temperature in the first step is 730 ℃. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the fifth embodiment.
Seventh embodiment: in the fifth or sixth embodiment, the casting into a round ingot in the second step has a casting specification ofOther steps and parameters are the same as in the fifth or sixth embodiment.
Eighth embodiment: in the present embodiment, the second step is performed at 500 ℃ for 24 hours together with the fifth to seventh embodiments. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the fifth to seventh embodiments.
Detailed description nine: in the present embodiment, together with the fifth to eighth embodiments, the round ingot after the average fire in the third step is extruded into a rod at 460 ℃. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the fifth to eighth embodiments.
Detailed description ten: in the third step, the die forging is performed at 460 ℃ and then the quenching treatment is performed by heat preservation at 495 ℃ for 190 min. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the fifth to ninth embodiments.
Eleventh embodiment: in this embodiment, together with the fifth to tenth embodiments, the water cooling in the third step is performed at a temperature of 40 ℃ to 50 ℃. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of the fifth to tenth embodiments.
Twelve specific embodiments: in the present embodiment, the aging treatment is performed by maintaining the temperature at 163 ℃ for 9 hours in the third step, together with any one of the fifth to eleventh embodiments. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the fifth to eleventh embodiments.
The beneficial effects of the invention are verified by the following examples:
example 1:
the preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1. preparing materials according to a designed Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy formula, and adding the materials into a smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 730 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; the formula of the Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy is as follows: the composition by mass percentage is as follows: 11.0%, cu:4.2%, mg:0.75%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al;
2. casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot, removing casting oxide skin at room temperature, preserving heat at 500 ℃ for 24 hours, discharging, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a round ingot after uniform fire;
3. extruding the round ingot subjected to the uniform fire into a bar at 450 ℃, obtaining a hot extruded bar, sawing the hot extruded bar into a section after straightening, performing die forging at 470 ℃, preserving heat for 200min at 493 ℃, performing quenching treatment, discharging, and cooling to room temperature by water to obtain a treated aluminum alloy die forging;
4. and (3) placing the treated aluminum alloy die forging in an aging furnace, preserving heat for 8 hours at 165 ℃ for aging treatment, discharging, naturally cooling to room temperature, and obtaining the high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy, thereby completing the preparation method.
In the second step of the embodiment, the cast round ingot with the casting specification of
The water cooling temperature in step three of this example was 50 ℃.
The high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment is prepared into 3 forgings for detection, and as shown in table 1, the obtained forgings are high in tensile strength, the tensile strength is 450-473 MPa, the yield strength is 390-420 MPa, and the elongation is 2.9-5.1%.
TABLE 1 Performance data
Sample number | Tensile strength MPa | Yield strength MPa | Elongation percentage% |
1# | 473 | 392 | 5.1 |
2# | 462 | 390 | 2.9 |
3# | 450 | 420 | 4.9 |
Example 2:
this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the formula of the Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy in the first step is as follows: si:11.5%, cu:3.9%, mg:0.80%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al;
step three, heat preservation is carried out for 190min at 495 ℃ for quenching treatment;
the temperature of the water cooling in the third step is 45 ℃;
step four, preserving heat for 9 hours at 163 ℃ for aging treatment; all others are the same.
The high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment is prepared into 3 forgings for detection, and as shown in table 2, the obtained forgings are high in tensile strength, the tensile strength is 404-427 MPa, the yield strength is 319-334 MPa, and the elongation is 5.1-5.6%.
TABLE 2 Performance data
Sample number | Tensile strength MPa | Yield strength MPa | Elongation percentage% |
4# | 427 | 334 | 5.1 |
5# | 425 | 319 | 5.3 |
6# | 404 | 327 | 5.6 |
Example 3:
this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the formula of the Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy in the first step is as follows: si:12.0%, cu:4.4%, mg:0.88%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al;
step three, heat preservation is carried out for 180min at 498 ℃ for quenching treatment;
the temperature of the water cooling in the third step is 40 ℃;
step four, preserving heat for 10 hours at 160 ℃ for aging treatment; all others are the same.
The high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment is prepared into 3 forgings for detection, and as shown in table 3, the obtained forgings are high in tensile strength, the tensile strength is 453 MPa-473 MPa, the yield strength is 403 MPa-415 MPa, and the elongation is 3.1% -4.7%.
TABLE 3 Performance data
Sample number | Tensile strength MPa | Yield strength MPa | Elongation percentage% |
7# | 457 | 403 | 4.7 |
8# | 453 | 403 | 3.8 |
9# | 473 | 415 | 3.1 |
Claims (2)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1. preparing materials according to a designed Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy formula, and adding the materials into a smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 730 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; the formula of the Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy is as follows: the composition by mass percentage is as follows: 11.0%, cu:4.2%, mg:0.75%, single impurity: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, total impurities: less than or equal to 0.15 percent and the balance of Al;
2. casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot, removing casting oxide skin at room temperature, preserving heat at 500 ℃ for 24 hours, discharging, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a round ingot after uniform fire;
3. extruding the round ingot subjected to the uniform fire into a bar at 450 ℃, obtaining a hot extruded bar, sawing the hot extruded bar into a section after straightening, performing die forging at 470 ℃, preserving heat for 200min at 493 ℃, performing quenching treatment, discharging, and cooling to room temperature by water to obtain a treated aluminum alloy die forging;
4. placing the treated aluminum alloy die forging in an aging furnace, preserving heat for 8 hours at 165 ℃ for aging treatment, discharging, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy, and completing the preparation method;
and in the second step, casting into a round ingot, wherein the casting specification is phi 162mm.
2. The method for preparing a high-strength wear-resistant Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the water cooling temperature in the third step is 40-50 ℃.
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101709414A (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2010-05-19 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | High silicon gradient composite aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve material and preparation method thereof |
CN102330004A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-01-25 | 哈尔滨中飞新技术股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method for aluminum alloy die forgings |
CN102392158A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-03-28 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of engine aluminium alloy piston die forging |
WO2016161908A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | 上海交通大学 | Non-heat-treated self-strengthening aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation process thereof |
CN112708807A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-27 | 亚太轻合金(南通)科技有限公司 | 4XXX series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101709414A (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2010-05-19 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | High silicon gradient composite aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve material and preparation method thereof |
CN102330004A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-01-25 | 哈尔滨中飞新技术股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method for aluminum alloy die forgings |
CN102392158A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-03-28 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of engine aluminium alloy piston die forging |
WO2016161908A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | 上海交通大学 | Non-heat-treated self-strengthening aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation process thereof |
CN112708807A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-27 | 亚太轻合金(南通)科技有限公司 | 4XXX series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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